Island Studies Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This paper explores arts festivals in terms of their relationship to local economic development within the rural island region of Orkney in Scotland. Fourteen qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with arts festival organisers, tourism representatives and local volunteers during the summer festival season. The findings offer new insights into the factors affecting how arts festivals impact the local economy; the areas of the local economy that are affected by arts festivals; and the implications of funding from awarding bodies on the endogenous development of arts festivals. For instance, it is concluded that supporting the cultural values of locals is vital to the economic success of rural arts festivals through a strategic design in the combined integration of minimised paid staff and maximised volunteers. Furthermore, it is revealed how in certain cases the initial retention of funding may benefit start-up arts festivals in terms of strategic development of their...

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- Festivals and music, Island Studies, Event Management, Case Study Research

To consider small islands as places for sustainable tourism or sustainable anything, for that matter, must surely be cause for critical deliberation. Small islands as sanctuaries, or rare citadels for ecological safekeeping and tight-knit communities, runs counter to islands as sites for extraction and development, yet increasingly the latter prevails. However, the former are the precise reasons that small islands are aligned with the global travel supply chain. Consuming small islands abides with the tropical idyll narrative and, within such invocations, the exposure of small islands to externalities renders its utility to purposes that run counter to benign and constructive outcomes. Herein is the dilemma for small islands and their entanglements with tourism expansion.
See full report here: http://projects.upei.ca/unescochair/files/2020/07/Annual-Report-on-Global-Islands-2019.pdf

- by Joseph M Cheer
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- Tourism Studies, Tourism Marketing, Tourism Management, Pacific Island Studies

NEW BOOK SERIES: Maritime Literature and Culture offers alternative rubrics for literary and cultural studies to those of nation, continent and area, which inter-articulate with current debates on comparative and world literatures, globalization and planetary or Anthropocene thought in illuminating ways. The humanities have paid increasing attention to oceans, islands and shores as sites of cultural production, while the maritime imagination in contemporary literatures and other cultural forms has presented ways of responding to human migration, global neoliberalism and climate change. This series provides a forum for discussion of these and other maritime expressions, including enquiries that engage maritime and coastal zones as spaces that enable reflection on labour and leisure; racial terror and performances of freedom; environmental wonder and degradation; metaphor and materiality; and the various implications of globe, world and planet.

- by Meg Samuelson
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- Cultural Studies, World Literatures, Pacific Island Studies, Literature
- by John C Franklin and +2
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- Philology, Religion, Ancient Egyptian Religion, Sumerian Religion

Many small island destinations owe their spatial character to their entanglements with stakeholders involved in the arts. Space is the dynamic outcome of complex relational processes, which makes it impossible to identify a straightforward development path — including when it comes to the arts and tourism. Using assemblage thinking, we scrutinize the different translocal processes influencing art-based tourism activities on Bornholm, Denmark and Naoshima, Japan. On these islands, artists, investors, residents, destination managers, creative individuals, and government officials are all involved in networks and negotiations that form complex translocal assemblages of art and tourism. The craft-artists of Bornholm took advantage of regional development policies aimed at fostering rural tourism development, and subsequently established a destination known for quality professional craft-art. On Naoshima, top-down corporate investments in large-scale art developments have clashed with lo...

- by Simona Zollet
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- Human Geography, Island Studies, Rural Tourism, Assemblage

Purpose: This communication reports skeletal pathology in a Pleistocene endemic deer from the Mavromouri caves of Crete. Materials: 287 bones and bone fragments from Mavromouri caves are compared to 2986 bones from Liko Cave. Methods: Bones were evaluated macroscopically, and measurements were made of morphometric characteristics of limb long bones. Representative bone specimens were examined radiographically and histologically. Results: Macroscopic hallmarks were loss of bone mass and increased porosity. The long bones were brittle, some of them having thin cortices, and others reduction of medullary cavities that contain dense Haversian tissue. The flat bones were spongy and fragile. Erosions of the metaphyses and articular surfaces were noted. Histological findings included: sub-periosteal resorption; loss of lamellar bone; enlargement of vascular canals; and re-modeling of cortical bone. Two types of fibrous osteodystrophy were recognized in skeletal remains, subostotic and hyperostotic. Conclusions: The deer of Mavromouri caves were affected by severe metabolic bone disease, likely nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. We hypothesize a multifactorial cause, including overgrazing, flora senescence, soil mineral deficiencies, and a prolonged period of climate extremes, degrading the Cretan deer habitat. Value: This is the first evidence of a metabolic bone disease causing this level of destructive pathology in an insular fossil deer. Limitations: The lack of absolute chronometric dates for the site limits potential linking with the prevailing environmental conditions. Suggestions for further research: Investigation of similar skeletal pathologies at other islands or isolated habitats is advised.

- by Alexandra A E van der Geer
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- Island Studies, Metabolic diseases, Crete, Resource Limitation

Salt domes are geological features that occur when areas of salt deposits are pressured into layers above them, causing dome shaped distortions in horizontal strata. In some instances, the distortions protrude above flat areas of land or else appear underwater as seamounts. In the case of the five Louisiana salt dome hills considered in this article, their distinct elevation above the swampy bayous and flatlands surrounding them has led to their characterisation as islands by indigenous Atakapa-Ishak peoples and by subsequent Francophone and Anglophone settlers. The article considers the ways in which the five salt domes' islandness has been perceived, enhanced and/or undermined by various local inhabitants and/or the commercial operations that have operated on them. Discussion of these aspects involves consideration of the manner in which the salt dome islands' islandness is mutable and complex, particularly with regard to human impacts. This mutability is discussed with regard to both individual island placenames and the islands' overall designations.

- by Philip R Hayward
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- Space and Place, Island Studies, Anthropology of space, Sense of Place
- by Bert Hoeksema
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- Human Geography, Island Studies, Southeast Asia, Natural Resource Management

This editorial introduction delves into problematic aspects of positionality and publishing ethics related to island and Indigenous issues. Taking its point of departure in Gilley's paper on 'The case for colonialism' and Pöllath's paper 'Revisiting island decolonization', the present paper questions: Whose voices should we listen to when considering island and Indigenous issues? If some voices should be excluded from the debate, how should we determine which voices are excluded? Ultimately, the paper criticizes exclusionary approaches and argues that Island Studies Journal should be open to publishing articles from metropolitan and outsider perspectives as well as from islander and Indigenous perspectives―but that it is necessary for authors and readers to be aware of their own positions within the colonial matrix of power.

- by Adam Grydehoj
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- Indigenous Studies, Publishing, Pacific Island Studies, Island Studies

Neste artigo pretendemos apresentar os primeiros dados do que desejamos vir a constituir uma nova interpretação historiográfica do processo de transformação económica do sector industrial do distrito de Angra do Heroísmo, durante a segunda metade do século XIX e primeira década do século XX. Seguindo alguns trabalhos recentes da história económica portuguesa, mais do que insistir nas persistências e no lado tradicional da economia de ilhas como a Terceira, São Jorge e Graciosa pretendemos antes demonstrar como existiu dinamismo e como o distrito e os seus protagonistas foram capazes de apostar na reconversão e na diversificação do seu reduzido sector industrial. Esta intenção leva-nos a estar igualmente atentos quer aos constrangimentos, quer ao campo de possibilidades existente no arquipélago, analisando os mercados e a capacidade de diversificação e de modernização deste sector, no quadro de uma região que era e permaneceu marcadamente agrícola. Procedendo desta forma veremos como estávamos perante um mundo de possibilidades escassas, mas onde, no entanto, se tentaram várias vias de transformação. Nesta abordagem reforçaremos ainda o papel destacado dos agentes económicos e a importância dos seus desempenhos. O suposto fraco dinamismo das elites económicas, o peso da rotina e da tradição, ou a falta de apoio do Estado deixam assim de poder ser encarados como os inevitáveis grandes culpados do atraso económico das Ilhas. O retrato que emerge nesta nova interpretação será, pois, mais diversificado, dinâmico e pleno de diferentes matizes.

- by Paulo Silveira e Sousa
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- Economic History, Island Studies
- by Francesca Saggini
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- Island Studies, Scottish Studies, Sea Studies
- by Joonas Ahola
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- Folklore, Island Studies, Viking Age Scandinavia, Kalevalaic Poetry
- by Adam Grydehoj
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- Island Studies, Nationalism, Cultural Nationalism, Autonomy

Dans The Tempest de W. Shakespeare, Foe de J.M. Coetzee et Solaris de S. Lem, l’écriture de l’altérité est liée à celle de l’insularité. Caliban et Friday sont des figures de l’autochtonie représentatives de l’Autre colonial ; la planète Solaris, à la fois lieu et personnage, ailleurs et autre, permet d’explorer ce lien entre l’altérité et l’insularité. L’éloignement et la clôture spatiale de l’île dessinent une épistémologie de l’altérité qui est toujours pensée via ce modèle spatiale — et qui pose la question de la possibilité de la rencontre. Il s’agit dans ce mémoire d’explorer les représentations de l’autre et leurs enjeux poétiques, éthiques et épistémologiques.

- by Cécile Do Huu
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- Comparative Literature, Postcolonial Studies, Island Studies, Shakespeare
- by Godfrey Baldacchino
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- Island Studies
- by Ralph Crane and +1
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- Romanticism, Nineteenth Century Studies, Space and Place, Island Studies

[ESP] Durante la época romana una gran población vivía en la isla de Ponza y para satisfacer las necesidades de agua se construyeron varias obras hidráulicas. Entre ellas, destacan algunas cisternas, un acueducto y un dique. Desde el... more

- by Arturo Gallia
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- Island Studies, Islands, Ponza
- by Ian Peter Grohse
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- Art History, Island Studies, Urban History, History of Colonial Mexico
- by Friðgeir Grímsson
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- Geology, Stratigraphy, Island Studies, Great Lakes

In September 2019, the islands of Abaco and Grand Bahama in the Bahamas were simultaneously hit by category 5 Hurricane Dorian and a king tide. The disaster resulted in mass displacement. Minority groups such as the Haitian and LBGTQA+ communities were acutely impacted. Following displacement, this report is based on qualitative fieldwork conducted a month after Hurricane Dorian made landfall.

- by John Marazita
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- Queer Studies, Island Studies, Disaster risk management, Hurricanes
- by Brian Russell Roberts
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- American Studies, Island Studies, Race and Racism, Race and Ethnicity

Visão global sobre agricultura familiar

- by Alberto Vieira
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- Island Studies, Madeira
- by Brenden Holland
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- Conservation Biology, Island Studies, Phylogenetics
- by Arie Boomert
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- Human Geography, Island Studies

Film festivals function like a magnet and conduit of new films emanating from various national cinemas. Yet despite the auteur-driven bias that has traditionally permeated high-profile film festivals, the discovery of unheralded films and new filmmakers has created a cinephilic consumerism that often goes beyond the film's texts. In recent decades, the global-local relationships fostered relational spaces of negotiation from regional, national and even supranational scales which engendered new forms of film consumerism. The emergence of film practices has impacted and influenced current operations in mounting film festivals that accommodate specific places, tastes and audiences. With the desire to emphasize the cultural capital of urban centers, the city that hosts film festivals is now spotlighted as the new nexus of film cultures. Cities like Toronto, Berlin and Venice depend on the nation and its links to regional networks and industries to sustain their operations. This is evidenced by a complex programming and coordination to ensure the seamless production, distribution and consumption of film products in the context of film markets. From Cannes to Pusan, film festivals define the cultural capital that urban hubs and nations strategize to the market to create more film products that legitimize the operation and practice. This article focuses on nationality and film festival relationalities involving entertainment, culture, global funding and the creation of spaces for new practices of cinephilia. Film festivals are not particularly democratic. Take Cannes, for example: It's invite-only, juried by an exclusive group of international artists and located in the French Riviera. If Cannes were a girl, she'd totally be that pretty one who was mean to us in high school.

- by Joseph Palis
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- Cultural Geography, Media Studies, Island Studies, Film and Media Studies
- by Paolo Carta
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- Law, Anthropology, Political Theory, Island Studies

This essay explores variant stories surrounding the 1803 'Igbo Landing' on St. Simons Island, Georgia, in which a group of enslaved Africans mutinied against their captors and ran aground upon a shoal. Following Tiffany Lethabo King and other scholars of Black feminist thought, the essay explores not only the littoral fact of shoals in seafaring but also the concept of shoaling for troubling historical narratives oriented to settler colonial plot points. Following island studies scholar Jonathan Pugh, the essay asks what thinking with performance and the concept of liminality might offer attempts to account for sand, drift, and, in this case, accounts of Africans who fly. The essay also tells a story of its own regarding the author's attempt to approach the historical site of Igbo Landing by sea. An example of performative writing, the essay does not so much launch and unpack a singular argument as it explores the littoral zones among and between ideas, stories, arguments, facts, and fabulations in relation.

- by Rebecca Schneider
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- Theatre Studies, Dance Studies, Performance Studies, Island Studies

Island peoples around the world remain entangled in colonial processes. Western and metropolitan powers are increasingly deploying discourse of a 'China threat' to justify neocolonial entrenchment in the form of greater Western militarisation and economic dominance. In this paper, we investigate how Western and metropolitan powers use the China threat and warnings of economic, environmental, demographic, and military disaster to maintain and deepen colonial influence in former colonies, with special focus on four island states and territories: Guåhan/Guam in Oceania, Kalaallit Nunaat/Greenland in the Arctic, Okinawa in East Asia, and Jamaica in the Caribbean. We undertake this investigation as a means of practicing decolonial political geography, collaborating as a group of scholars from around the world and drawing upon diverse epistemologies and experiences to inform collaborative research and writing. Due to the complexities we have confronted in our efforts to think outside coloniality, this paper foregrounds our decolonial methodology and process, even as we respect our empirical findings.

Catálogo del proyecto de Bill Viola ‘’Liber Insularum’ para la SAC y el MoCA Miami
Textos en español e inglés. 192 p. il. col. 23×17 cm.
Otros autores del volumen: Bonnie Clearwater (Directora del Miami MoCA), Gean Moreno (crítico del Herald), Adriana Herrera (asesora de ArtNexus y ArteAlDía), Teresa Arozena (artista y teórica de la imagen técnica) y Omar-Pascual Castillo (director del CAAM), junto a Roc Laseca, comisario del proyecto de Bill Viola ‘Liber Insularum’ para la SAC de Tenerife y el MoCA (Museum of Contemporary Art) de Miami.

Through a comparative analysis of themes and motives associating the love poetry of the “Serbian Bob Dylan” Bora Đorđević and the fiction of the French novelist Michel Houellebecq, with an emphasis on Đorđević’s collection of poetry Pusto ostrvo (i.e. “Desert Island”, 2017) and Houellebecq’s novel La possibilité d’une île (engl. transl. The Possibility of an island, 2005), we aim at showing a number of similarities in their approach to the problem of frailty and pain of love. Both authors explore the causes of and the solution for the antagonism between egoism and need for love in a couple. From the theoretical point of view, our comparison hinges on three basic dichotomies : eros/ agape (D. de Rougemont, L’Amour et l’Occident, 1960 ; Engl. Trans. Love in the Western World, 1940), love-need/ love-gift (C. S. Lewis, The Four Loves, 1960) and I-Thou/ I-It (Martin Buber, Ich und Du, 1923 ; engl. transl. I and Thou, 1937). Confronting the many aspects of love offered by the poet and the novelist, we argue that they both consider ageing, selfishness and romantic illusion as the major impediments to a lasting love. Love’s labor is always lost when reduced to sexual intercourse, which “has all too short a date”, so that the rest of life turns into solitude and pain. Still, the crucial trigger of love misery is in us: the self-centered love or eros is a beggar who takes pleasure in its own desire, whereas sexuality is that fundamental and life-long instinct of transcending the limits of self by knowing the other and belonging to him/her. Considered in such a context, the motif of island represents a new Eden where love and joy of two blended individuals become possible.

- by Tatjana Samardžija
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- Island Studies, Michel Houellebecq, Martin Buber, Philosophy of Love

Se trata de una investigación antropológica que busca comprender las actitudes, conceptos e ideas de los habitantes de estas islas hacia su ecosistema, en específico hacia las especies exóticas invasoras (EEI), así como la conservación del medio ambiente en general, a la luz de sus concepciones más arraigadas sobre la naturaleza. Como expresión de ese estudio, esta publicación es un aporte al conocimiento de la cultura isleña en lo que toca a la biodiversidad, lo cual puede ser de ayuda para la planificación de proyectos sobre conservación y manejo del ecosistema de Juan Fernández, así como para futuras intervenciones en el territorio.

- by Guillermo Brinck
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- Human Geography, Cultural Geography, Environmental Science, Island Studies

In 2007, Jersey’s government launched a competition in search for a further anthem to celebrate the island’s identity. Even though the island uses ‘God Save the Queen’ as its official anthem because of its allegiance to the British Crown, there are increasingly more occasions for the island to have its own anthem, such as at the Island Games or the Commonwealth Games when island athletes compete against other jurisdictions that might also use ‘God Save the Queen’. Two other songs, ‘Ma Normandie’ (‘My Normandy’) and ‘Beautiful Jersey’ (‘Man Bieau P’tit Jèrri’), have sometimes been used at times of celebration, but in recent years there has been increased discussion regarding the place of these songs because neither was originally composed as an official anthem for Jersey. Over the past few decades, Jersey has re-‐thought internal cultural policy towards island identity. This has been part of a process of increased reflection on the island’s heritage as well as its place in the wider world. This article helps show how Jersey is rethinking identity through several spheres: media, political and cultural. By studying the process of finding its own anthem, the politics of local identity construction are highlighted and provide examples that help explain why a unique anthem is needed in the present-‐day, and how the island is represented and has responded through song and discourse as a result of the competition and local cultural politics regarding the winning anthem.

- by Henry Johnson
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- Languages, Music, Music History, Music Theory

Taking the current controversy around the iconic Adam’s Bridge or Ram Sethu (as it is referred to in Hindu sacred mythography) and the proposed Sethusamudram canal project—which has been delayed since the late-twentieth century over several administrative terms, due to litigious procedures and protests by Hindu groups—this paper examines the Ram Sethu as an aquapelago. The Ram Sethu is an aquapelagic zone, not merely in geo-historical terms but also in psychological ways, that is largely experienced in the Indian consciousness through evolution of ancient folkloric motifs in contemporary media-loric polemic. As an aquapelagic imaginary, or indeed a performed aquapelago, the Ram Sethu is sustained by accumulating epistemic plurality from multiple geological, secularist, sacred and environmentalist interpretations. This epistemological plurality or transcendence of (geo-)logocentric meanings is an inevitable function of aquapelagic imaginaries, even more so of the Ram Sethu, which is reproduced by multiple determinate negations of religion (negating ambitions of economic development), developmentalism (negating themes of environmental sustainability), and environmentalism (negating majoritarian discourses of what constitutes the sacred).

- by Arup K Chatterjee
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- Geology, Island Studies, Sri Lanka, Indian Mythology

In recent decades, excavations and other research have greatly enriched our knowledge about island monasteries – may they be situated in the sea, in lakes or rivers. For some regions overviews and syntheses have been presented (e.g., Meier 2009; Gutscher 2000) and we are starting to see monastic islands as a pan-European phenomenon at the beginning of the medieval period (Signori 2019, Bully/Jurković/Sapin 2013).
Continuing but also complementing this Europe- and Christianity-centered approach, the session intends to widen the geographic, chronological and religious frame. At the same time, the topic will be narrowed by adopting a ‘fluid focus’ or ‘liquid lens’: presenters are asked to look for everything related to water and the technologies to manage it as a material and spiritual resource.
In the past, islands have attracted monastic communities across cultures. Water creates their isolation and interconnectedness at the same time. The session would like to explore these contradicting properties as well as varying perspectives and different methodologies for investigating island economics, monastic sites and hydraulic technology. The topic could be tackled from angles such as:
- water management on islands and the role of monastic communities,
- the application of water technologies in island monasteries,
- monasteries on marine islands as opposed to islands in lakes and rivers,
- island monasteries as part of ‘water heritage’ (e.g., Willems/Schaik 2015).

- by Sophie Hueglin and +1
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- Island Studies, Water resources, Medieval Archaeology, Monastic Archaeology

The people of Kiribati play a broad assortment of card and board games. The game rules show several innovations that were made outside the purview of the games’
manufacturers. The presence and regional development of proprietary board games illustrates product development scenarios that are counterintuitive to marketers. Using game boards and game rules collected in Kiribati, this study offers an explanation on how game development in Micronesia can be understood using cultural transmission theory by locating the Republic of Kiribati both geographically and economically within the Pacific Islands economies and their communities and within their own anthropological context. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding regional and country-specific cultural practices when applying principles of product development, placement and distribution.