Kingdom of Italy Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, KERKYRA SIMERA

Ce texte analyse la décision stratégique de Napoléon Bonaparte de choisir Corfou et les îles Ioniennes au détriment de Venise, lors de la signature du Traité de Campo Formio en 1797. Bien que la cession de Venise à l’Autriche — principal... more

2025

Inviata all'avv. Federico Criscuolo, dopo i ringraziamenti per il pregevolissimo opuscolo sulla condizione giuridica della donna, Cordova esprime la speranza che le donne raggiungano al più presto qualche diritto politico. Scheda a cura... more

2025

In che modo la classe dirigente dello Stato italiano si pose in rapporto al problema dello State-building e, più in particolare, al rapporto centro-periferia? Qual era la composizione sociale e professionale di questa classe dirigente? Attraverso quali strumenti si stabilirono le reti di relazione che intersecarono l’attività svolta dal parlamentare in funzione delle richieste giunte dalla società civile che lo aveva eletto? Qual era il ruolo, in questo contesto, del notabile? Come veniva organizzata la lotta politica in età liberale? Sono queste le domande alla base della presente ricerca che si pone di analizzarle in uno spazio geografico ben preciso, quello della Campania. Emerge dalle seguenti pagine una biografia collettiva di una classe dirigente composta per lo più di notabili decisi a rivendicare, in virtù della propria funzione mediatrice fra lo Stato e la società civile, un ruolo politico in ambito locale o un riconoscimento di prestigio come sigillo ultimo di una intera carriera politica.

2024, RIVISTA DEGLI STUDI ORIENTALI n.s.

This article aims to synthetically reconstruct the history of Oriental studies in nineteenth-century Rome. It will also try to situate this history in the wider scenario of the great political changes that implicated Rome and its university in the second half of the nineteenth century. The sphere of politics and that of Oriental studies had large areas of direct overlap: not only various exponents of Oriental studies acted in close contact with political figures, but also various political figures were themselves Orientalists. The Italian government and parliament were constantly involved in the development of Oriental studies, while in turn Oriental studies provided politics with parliamentarians. Oriental studies represented faithfully certain characteristics of Italian university, such as the absolute contiguity of the academic domain with politics. Oriental studies in Rome, which for centuries were driven by missionary activity, after the unifcation of Italy received a major thrust forward from the government plans of colonial growth. Despite the obvious ideological opposition between papal power and Italian government, a sort of ideal continuity was therefore established: Oriental Studies were always motivated by expansion programs, which were of a religious and cultural type in the missionary phase, and of a colonial and commercial type in the colonial phase. Furthermore, the overlap between Oriental studies and the national political scene is crucial for a correct reconstruction of the Italian expansionist policy up to the Second World War.

2024, Bollettino Prefilatelico e Storico Postale Nr.223

Study on distribution and uses of fourth emission of Sardinia stamps across Parma and its province from the Provisional Governement period (1859-1860) to the Kingdom of Italy early years. Each single stamp of the emissions (perfs and imperfs.) from each year with some highlights on emissions types, uses has been carefully examined using the widest references available.

2024, Il cantiere

Materiali di intervento dei comunisti anarchici per la lotta di classe, p. 30.

2024

Italo - Turkish War 1911-1912

2024, Levantines of the Ottoman World: Communities, Identities, and Cultures

Between the end of the 1850s and the beginning of the 1860s, courts in various states of the Italian peninsula convicted members of criminal counterfeiting associations operating between the Ottoman and Italian city-ports. These criminal ‘gangs’ were mainly composed of Italian citizens living in the Ottoman Empire and new members of the Levantine communities. Through the analysis of the documents contained in the Italian and Ottoman archives, this article investigates Italo-Levantine illicit networks between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean, stressing the terminology used by diplomatic and juridical actors. It describes how the efforts to contrast these ‘gangs’ and networks shaped the Ottoman commitment against international criminal organisations, and in which way the actions of the Sublime Porte towards these ‘associations’ influenced their diplomatic network toward European countries. Therefore, the article emphasises the role of crime fighting as a key factor in the development of inter-imperial and international diplomatic relations in the 19th century.

2024

The paper examines the evolution of the relationship between the Commune of Parma and its territory between the end of the 1200s and the beginning of the 1300s. During this period, the city underwent one of the most conflict-ridden phases... more

2024, ISBN: 978-88-31347-22-8

Full Ebook of A. Di Meo "Nelle terre incognite. Esploratori, avventurieri, missionari e ammiragli italiani nel Sudest Asiatico (1865-1885)", Roma, 2021. This volume deals with Italian scientific, naturalistic and ethnographic... more

2024, ISBN: 978-88-98158-98-0

Full Ebook of A. Di Meo "Tientsin, la concessione italiana. Storia delle relazioni tra Regno d'Italia e Cina (1866-1947)", Roma, 2015 This volume deals with the history of political and diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Italy... more

2024, The Numismatic Chronicle

In early 1860 two late ninth-century coin hoards, both consisting primarily of large-flan Italian deniers, turned up in the eastern Dutch province of Drenthe. The similarity of the two deposits soon led to them becoming confused with one another, and this article uses the evidence of contemporary museum records, news reports and an auction catalogue to decisively disentangle them for the first time. The dating of the different types in the hoard is discussed in detail and parallels with similar finds considered. One hoard also contained Arabic dirhams and non-numismatic silver, and these, too, are set in their contemporary context. Finally, the authors examine possible reasons for the deposition of the hoards in an area where such finds are rare, and where votive offerings in watery areas are attested long after the area became Christianised.

2022, PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES

The German occupation of a part of Slovenian territory in April 1941 meant a breaking point in the lives of many people. Among the victims there were also Slovene authors. First, the Nazis established migration headquarters in Maribor and subordinate agencies to organise deportations; later, they established assembly camps in different places in Lower Styria. In Maribor they reorganised a part of the barracks in Melje into a camp. They were brought to different locations in Serbia, some also in Croatia.

2022

L’uso della metafora nella formazione degli insegnanti: una prima ricerca esplorativa Antonia Cunti Costituisce oramai una consapevolezza diffusa nella letteratura di settore che il miglioramento della qualità professionale degli insegnanti passi attraverso la riflessione sugli agiti, sulle idee e sulle azioni. Una delle sfide è quella di far coniugare l’efficacia del fare con il saper sostare nella relazione e, ancor prima, di assumere una modalità riflessiva, di analisi di se stessi come docenti all’interno dei contesti professionali. Alla luce di una specifica resistenza ad utilizzare lenti di lettura delle situazioni educative e didattiche di tipo formale può essere utile proporre percorsi formativi idonei a sollecitare forme di disvelamento e di ridefinizione di credenze e teorie implicite. L’uso di modalità alternative di comunicazione delle esperienze può favorire il concentrarsi sulle esperienze e soprattutto il richiamare conoscenze tacitamente possedute (Johnson, 1989); in...

2022

2021, The Annual Review of Islam in Africa

A new book in the field of African Studies has been
published recently in Turkey, titled Afrika’nın Önder
Şahsiyetleri which in Turkish means “The Pioneers
of Africa.” Indeed, several exemplary personalities
of Africa contributed in remarkable ways to the
shaping of African history and identities.
This book, edited by Prof. Ahmet Kavas and Dr. Muhammed
Tandoğan, emphasizes the contribution of Muslim
leaders on the continent with reference to their
links with the Ottoman State. Some Turkish writers
who are particularly well-known in African Studies
in Turkey contributed chapters to this book.
They include: Osman Kağan Yücel, Abdullah Erdem
Taş, İsa Gökgedik, Ahmet Kavas, Halim Gençoğlu,
Muhammed Tandoğan, İlhan Zengin and Tuğrul
Oğuzhan Yılmaz

2021, Storia, civiltà e religione in Italia. Studi in occasione del 150° anniversario dell'Unità nazionale (Angelo Bianchi ed.)

The essays provides an overview of six main fields where Napoleon’s heritage is manifest in national State institutions (19th century Italy): politics, administration, finances, military, school and cultural nationalism.

2021, Studia Historica Slovenica

Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovene ( in Slovene and English, Summary in English) Key words: Ivan Potrč, Narte Velikonja, victors in the revolution, victims of communism, social realism Abstract: Slovenian writers at the end of the Second World War shared the fate of many intellectuals which included all on the spectrum from the winners to the losers in the communist revolution. In this piece, we try to highlight the lives and literary paths of two Slovenian authors after the Second World War, Ivan Potrč and Narte Velikonja. Potrč was since his high school years an avowed communist, a political prisoner in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, an inmate in the concentration camp Mauthausen, and a partisan. After the war, he occupied senior political positions. The fate of Narte Velikonja, a pro-catholic high ranking banovina official and co-worker of Rupnik during the war, ended tragically. The post-war communist authorities sentenced him to death by firing s...

2021

The control of the entire northwestern part of the former Kingdom of Burgundy by the Robertians (future Capetians) is a long process that spanned nearly a century. The success of the Robertians was not necessarily straightforward at the outset in the face of families more deeply rooted in the 'Burgundian kingdoms' such as the Bosonids, the Wilhelmids or the Welf-Rodolphians-but also in the face of the great dynasties-the last Carolingians and the Ottonians. The success of the Robertians will go through a political line which first will know how to preserve its achievements in relation to four major diplomatic dates (936, 942, 960 and 1006) and which will know how to take advantage of the opportunities that arise (marriages or even cohabitations, successions, and military actions) to further increase this influence. The year 1003 which saw the start of the War of the Burgundian Succession opposing King Robert II the Pious to the powerful Count Otto-William is a paroxysmal moment of this process showing in turn the temporary weaknesses of the Capetians hold then the structural forces which ultimately allowed their victory.

2021, Rinaldi, G., Sul Gran Libro del debito pubblico nell’Italia unita, in Historia et ius, 2021, early release

The paper investigates the origins and formation of the law creating the Great Book of Public Debt, issued on July 10, 1861. The analysis moves from the French Grand-livre de la dette publique, the common foundation for the various Italian regulations of the XIX century, and then focuses on the preparatory works and the parliamentary discussions leading to the law on the Gran Libro. Particular attention is given to the question of the guarantees of public debt, within the Italian constitutional and legislative framework. The structure of the law of 10 July 1861 represents, ultimately, a rather effective synthesis of the previous experiences, to which some amongst the most significant exponents within the Kingdom of Italy institutional panorama contributed.

2021, Dalle regge d 'Italia

2021

Rad je pokušaj analize Vjekoslava Spinčića kroz predstavljanje njegove knjižice "Moje izbivanje iz Istre".
Sam rad još nije završen, traži još dodavanje nekoliko cjelina nakon čega bi trebala uslijediti završna faza poliranja.

2020

Breve profilo biografico del marchese Tedaldo di Canossa

2019

Le 20 mai 1818 paraissait dans les librairies un roman en deux volumes, sans nom d’auteur : Jean Sbogar. Le bicentenaire de l’œuvre invite à poser la question de la place du roman dans le canon littéraire du romantisme : ainsi que le rappelle avec un brin de provocation le sous-titre de l’Atelier, Jean Sbogar n’a pas toujours été une référence méconnue, lue et discutée seulement par quelques universitaires passionnés. Les articles réunis ici montrent au contraire combien le roman s’inscrit, en amont comme en aval, dans un réseau d’influences européennes qui caractérise le romantisme. Ils visent ainsi à approfondir la connaissance de ce roman qui illustre à la fois les séductions de l’esthétique romantique auxquelles Nodier était si sensible, et les infléchissements vers une poétique singulière que lui impose la personnalité complexe et nuancée de l’écrivain.
https://serd.hypotheses.org/latelier-du-xixe-siecle#JeanSbogar

2019, Serbian Studies Research

The paper deals with responses to World War I in Slovenian secondary school literature textbooks in the interwar period. Among other texts, these textbooks in the 1920s feature writings about the Isonzo front, expressing the pain due to the loss of the Littoral region. The textbook published within the frames of fascist Italy is a special case, since its compiler had to express his national awareness and the condemnation of war atrocities in a concealed way. In the 1930s, only texts describing the retreat of the Serbian army to Corfu or to the Macedonian front are published, since the Kingdom of Yugoslavia could not build national awareness with texts depicting suffering or heroism of the defeated soldiers.

2018

The Teaching profession in The early TwenTieTh cenTury in souThern of iTaly. The experience of The Teacher ialenTi in Molise la professione docenTe in iTalia Meridionale nel priMo novecenTo. l'esperienza del MaesTro ialenTi in Molise Looking at the education, the pedagogical culture and the work of Italians elementary teachers, the contribution aims to examine the teaching profession in a southern scholastic area, towards a gradual recomposition of the " geography of education " in Italy in the twentieth century. In the process of conservation, enhancement and study of historical-educational heritage, the fund kept at Ce.SI.S. of the University of Molise includes some different types of documents belonging to the teacher Giuseppe Ialenti (1881-1915), a state of service, twenty school themes and some professional correspondence. These sources offer the opportunity to reconstruct Ialenti's personal training course and his career, as well as original information on text books and school culture of the teacher. Some diaries and school records allow to get involved in real educational practice in the early twentieth-century southern classrooms. The work adds a contribution to the studies about the work of light about a professional teaching model at the beginning of the national cultural and pedagogical twentieth century. incrociando lo sguardo storiografico rivolto alla formazione, alla cultura pedagogica e al lavoro dei maestri elementari italiani, il contributo si propone di esaminare la professione docente in una periferia scolastica meridionale, verso una graduale quanto auspicata ricomposizione della " geografia dell'edu-cazione " nell'italia del novecento. all'interno, in particolare, del processo di conservazione, valoriz-zazione e studio del patrimonio storico-educativo, il fondo giacente presso il ce.si.s. dell'università del Molise annovera una variegata tipologia di materiali documentari appartenuti al maestro giuseppe ialenti (1881-1915), tra cui uno stato di servizio, venti temi scolastici e la corrispondenza professio-nale. attingendo a tali fonti, l'approfondimento del caso di studio offre l'opportunità di ricostruire il personale percorso formativo dello ialenti e l'intera sua carriera professionale, oltre che informazioni originali sui testi di preparazione magistrale e sulla cultura scolastica attinta alle riviste pedagogiche e magistrali. alcuni diari e registri scolastici consentono di addentrarsi nella reale pratica didattica ed educativa svolta nelle aule meridionali primonovecentesche. il contributo si appoggia pertanto sugli studi interessati a ricomporre il lavoro dei maestri elementari italiani, all'interno della storia della pro-fessionalità e della cultura magistrale, oltre che a una prosopografia collettiva degli educatori italiani: documentando esemplarmente un modello professionale docente agli esordi del novecento culturale e pedagogico nazionale.

2017, Slovenščina v šoli

Prispevek obravnava odmeve na prvo svetovno vojno v slovenskih srednješolskih berilih v obdobju med dvema vojnama. V dvajsetih letih 20. stoletja se poleg drugih pojavljajo tudi zapisi o soški fronti, ki se povezujejo z izpovedjo bolečine zaradi izgube Primorske. Posebnost je berilo, izšlo v okvirih fašistične Italije, ko je moral sestavljavec izpovedovati narodno zavest in obsojati vojne grozote na prikrit način. V tridesetih letih se pojavljajo samo še sestavki s tematiko umika srbske vojske na Krf oz. solunske fronte, saj Kraljevina Jugoslavija ni mogla graditi državotvorne zavesti z zapisi o trpljenju ali junaštvu poražencev.

2017, Poezija Franceta Prešerna v srednješolskih učbenikih in njena recepcija

Slovenska srednješolska berila v Kraljevini SHS, Kraljevini Jugoslaviji, med okupacijo in na osvobojenem ozemlju ter v Kraljevini Italiji.

2017

Biografia di Pietro Rasponi (1831 - 1878), Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani

2017

Biografia di Giuseppe Ricciardi (1808 - 1882), Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani

2016

Italian attitude to the Austrian-Prussian war of 1866

2016

Il contributo, attraverso l’analisi di fonti edite ed inedite, esamina il percorso umano e professionale di Salvatore Raccuglia (1861-1918), maestro elementare e poi ispettore scolastico nel sud Italia nell’arco di tempo che va dal 1881... more

2016

Avče, spomladi 1907. Vasica pri Kanalu, stisnjena ob robu rodovitne terase nad modrozeleno Sočo, se prebuja iz zimskega spanca. Vaški otročaji popoldne, ko ni več pouka v prostorni novi šoli, že posedajo na koncu avškega polja, od koder je prelep razgled na nedavno zgrajeno železniško postajo in na mogočen kamnit viadukt, ki se s svojimi sedmimi loki pne nad strugo hudourniške Avšce. Otroci nestrpno čakajo in vztrepetajo, ko ob določeni uri pripelje vlak. Padec z jasnega neba "Zdaj se bo začelo novo življenje. Proga prinaša napredek. Naši otroci bodo nadaljevali šolanje v slovenskih šolah v Gorici in ne bodo več samo kmetje, kovači, mizarji, čevljarji in furmani. Novo stoletje bo doba blagostanja in Slovenci v teh krajih bomo vedno močnejši," v nedeljo po maši vzneseno modruje župan Ivan Makarovič v vaški gostilni. Mlajši moški mu zavzeto pritrjujejo, izkušeni očanci pa puhajo tobačni dim izpod brk in si mislijo svoje. Dne 31. marca 1908. Movrnov boršt, dobre pol ure hoje iz Avč proti Banjšicam. Hladno spomladansko jutro, a napoveduje se jasen, sončen dan. Janez Kolenc iz Gorenjega Avščka ima opravke v gozdu in s seboj je vzel šestletnega sina, da tudi njega vzgoji v pridnega delavca. Ura je 8.45. Nenadoma zasliši močno šumenje in žvižganje, ozira se okrog, a ne vidi nič. Šum narašča in traja, traja. Preplašeni sinek se stisne k očetu. Nenadoma nekaj trešči v drevo, kakšnih štirideset metrov v blagem bregu pod njim, in Janez opazi pet centimetrov debelo vejo, ki se hrešče odlomi, v bližini jablane pa se vzdigne oblaček prahu. Kolenc je radoveden, a boji se približati drevesu, tudi zaradi na smrt prestrašenega otroka, ki ga priganja, naj odideta domov. Skrbni oče posluša sina, a doma mu radovednost ne da miru. Popoldne poišče bližnjega prijatelja, s katerim sta bila skupaj v vojski, in nemudoma pohitita v Boršte. Ob jablani najdeta jamico, obkroženo z ožganim listjem, in začneta kopati. Trideset centimetrov globoko ju čaka presenečenje: svetleč kovinski predmet, podoben ledvički, dolg za ped in težak dober kilogram. Skrbno ga zavijeta, spravita v malho in pohitita v Avče.

2016

Slovenščina v šoli 2015, 18/2, str. 16-21 Prispevek obravnava odmeve na prvo svetovno vojno v slovenskih srednješolskih berilih v obdobju med dvema vojnama. V dvajsetih letih 20. stoletja se poleg drugih pojavljajo tudi zapisi o soški... more

2016

Članek vključuje padec meteorita Avče, njegov pomen za dunajsko zbirko meteoritov, odmeve v tedanjem časopisju, pozabo v domači publicistiki in ponovno obuditev pozornosti pred stoto obletnico padca.

2016

(in: "Cronaca Numismatica", n° 234, novembre 2010, pp. 63÷67)
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Il fascio littorio è una figura simbolica antichissima, presente da millenni nell'immaginario collettivo della cultura occidentale, e derivata da quella romana che a sua volta aveva adottato costumi e usanze etrusche. Il simbolo riproduce un oggetto d'uso concreto presso le magistrature dei tempi classici il quale, parzialmente dimenticato in epoca medievale e moderna, è tornato in auge con la Rivoluzione francese, rivivendo nei successivi due secoli una ritrovata giovinezza soprattutto su monete, medaglie, e nell'araldica civica italiana.
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The 'fascio littorio' is an ancient symbolic figure, present for millennia in the collective imagination of Western culture, derived from Romans one which itself adopted customs and traditions from Etruscan. The symbol reproduces a concrete object used by magistrates of classical times: partially forgotten in medieval and modern times, it's back in vogue with French Revolution, re-living during the next two centuries a newfound youth especially on coins, medals and in Italian civic heraldry.

2016

SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE EARLY MEDIEVAL WEST

2016

La chute de l'Empire en Italie du Nord 1 [Rélation présentée au séminaire Pascal Paoli, la Révolution Corse et Napoléon Bonaparte : pour un projet scientifique et économique novateur, Université de Corse, 20-21 janvier 2015] La chute de l'Empire napoléonien a lieu formellement entre le 31 mars 1814, lorsque les coalisés pénètrent dans Paris, et le 6 avril suivant lorsque Napoléon est contraint d'abdiquer. Aux fins de notre discours, nous pouvons même ajouter une troisième date, celle du 30 mai 1814, lorsque le traité de Paris définit une organisation de l'Italie septentrionale qui sera ensuite précisée et ratifiée au congrès de Vienne. Cette organisation disons-le tout de suitereprésente une négation criante de ce principe de légitimité proclamé par les plénipotentiaires réunis dans la capitale autrichienne: en effet de très anciens états, comme la République de Venise et celle de Gênes, vont disparaître, et le Duché de Parme sera confisqué à ses souverains pour être concédé à Marie-Louise 1 Les évènements en cause dans ces pages sont connus depuis longtemps par les historiens. On peut dire, en règle générale, qu'un observateur contemporain tel que Carlo Botta (1766-1837) les avait racontés avec une remarquable précision dans sa Storia d'Italia dal 1789 al 1815, publiée pour la première fois en 1824. Le récit de Botta a été intégré ensuite, mais ni démenti ni radicalement modifié, dans diverses oeuvres: HELFERT Joseph Alexander von, La caduta della dominazione francese nell'alta Italia e la congiura militare bresciano-milanese nel 1814, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1894; WEIL Maurice Henri, Le prince Eugène et Murat: opérations militaires négociations diplomatiques, Paris, A. Fontemoing, 1902; LEMMI Francesco, La restaurazione austriaca a Milano nel 1814, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1902; LEMMI Francesco, Le origini del Risorgimento italiano (1789-1815), Milano, Hoepli, 1906, pp. 404-426; LEMMI Francesco, La Restaurazione in Italia nel 1814 nel diario del barone Von Hügel (9 dicembre 1813-25 maggio 1814), Roma, Società editrice Dante Alighieri, 1910; SPADONI Domenico, Milano e la congiura militare nel 1814 per l'indipendenza italiana, Modena, Società tipografica modenese, 1936-1937; SPELLANZON Cesare, Storia del Risorgimento e dell'Unità d'Italia, vol. I, Dalle origini ai moti del 1820-21 e al Congresso di Verona, Milano, Rizzoli, 1951, pp. 510-580. Les auteurs qui se sont occupés par la suite plus ou moins directement de cette période ─ tels que, pour n'en citer que quelques-uns, Giorgio Candeloro, Livio Antonielli, Marco Meriggi, Franco Della Peruta, Antonino De Francesco ─ n'ont pas modifié, tout au moins d'un point de vue événementiel, le cadre établi par Botta et codifié par Lemmi.

2016

Liudprand of Cremona is one of the most interesting authors of the tenth century. He is well known for his description of the Byzantine court and also for his jokes in Antapodosis – a fi rst chronicle of Europe. Based on these tales, he is treated by scholars as a prime example of medieval misogyny. Lately the more political view of these narrations emerged, but still women in Liudprand's works are seen mainly as victims. This essay shows that this view is wrong and that there is much more to be found in the text. Through Liudprand's jokes emerges a much more complicated view of the position and role of woman in the society. To see this, the stories have to be put in the context of the tenth-century society.

2016

Un ritrovamento fortuito avvenuto a Bergheim (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germania) ha restituito un denaro del "Regnum Italiae" della nota serie del tempio tetrastilo e legenda "Christiana Religio", con caratteristiche tuttavia inedite.... more

2015

GUERRIERI GONZAGA, Carlo. - Ultimo di sei fratelli, nacque a Mantova il 21 nov. 1827...

2015

Francesco Paolo Ruggiero, deputy and two times minister of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, deputy of the Italian parliament, was one of the most influential lawyers of the Bourbon state before the 1848 revolution. The entry traces Ruggiero’s political life. It is also the initial source to study his activity as jurist and jurisconsult in the Bourbon context.
Deputato e due volte primo ministro del Regno delle Due Sicilie, deputato al parlamento del Regno d'Italia, Ruggiero fu uno dei più influenti avvocati dello stato borbonico prima della rivoluzione del 1848 . La voce delinea la vita politica di Ruggiero. Essa fornisce, inoltre, i primi strumenti per studiarne l'attività di giurista e giureconsulto.

2015

Napoleon’s Italian kingdom (1805-1809) and legislative and judicial changes in Istria
DARKO DAROVEC
For a short period spanning front the Treaty of Pressburg (Bratislava) of December 26, 1805, to the establishment of the Illyrian Provinces in 1809, the ex-Venetian Istria formed part of the Italian kingdom. After its official incorporation into the Italian Kingdom on May 9, 1806, the region saw the introduction of the Napoleonic Code (Code Na¬poleon). Consequently, the town statutes adopted during the Venetian rule were annulled, and the highest provincial court was re-established in the town of Koper. The institution employed a civil judge, financial commissioner, and police representative and housed courts of first and second instance. All other courts, except that in Poreč, were abolished, while the Supreme Court was held only in Milan, the capital of the Italian Kingdom.
Despite the introduction of the Napoleonic Code, the Austrian Pe¬nal Code, Civil Code and penal suit remained valid until the official abolition of the Austrian Penal Code in the autumn of 1807. Moreover, the old authority structures functioned till the end of 1806.
Inner territorial division was introduced as late as in the spring of 1807 and legalized through a decree signed by Napoleon in December that same year. The former Venetian lstria was divided into two districts: that of Koper, stretching from the hillock of Milje (Muggia) to the Lim Bay, and that of Rovinj, which encompassed the remaining territory lying to the south of the Bay. The districts were subdivided into seven cantons, largely overlapping with the districts demarcated under Austrian rule, while the cantons were divided into municipali¬ties, which, from then on also encompassed feudal estates, which the new regime deprived of their anciene régime character. The area also witnessed the abolition of patrimonial rule. The towns, squares and estates were no longer seats of administrative, military and judicial authorities; from then on, they were nothing but territorial units within a uniform ad¬ministrative system.
The field of the administration of justice saw the abolition of the dis¬trict courts of first order, as well as of the Poreč Criminal Court. Minor cases were dealt with by municipal judges and village mayors (meriga). The only court left intact was the Koper Appeal Court, though the decree of June 17, 1806, renamed it into a Civil and Criminal Court ('Corte di Giudizio civile e criminale).
In accordance with the principles of French law, the new regime separated the judiciary and administrative powers and in the first half of 1806 brought the Istrian judicial system in line with that of the Ital¬ian kingdom. The introduction of the Napoleonic Code was followed by gradual abolition of the former civil legislation, which gave rise to an altogether new juridical situation and legal system and, consequently, brought about radical changes in judiciary (Bollettino delle Leggi del Reg¬no d’Italia. Milano, Reale stamperia (to 1805 Bolletino delle Leggi della Repubblica Italiana), 1802.-, 433-447). From then on, the judicial net¬work comprised the following courts: 7 Courts of Peace (Giudici sommari or Giudici di pace) with competence in civil and criminal proceedings in the cantons, mostly related to mutual quarrels and to tax conflicts, etc.; the Koper Civil and Criminal Court {Corte di Giustizia civile e crimi¬nale), which became the Court of Session of the Istrian Department; the Milan Supreme Court (Tribunale di Cassazione de Regno); and the Koper Commercial Court (Tribunale di Commercio) with competence in cases related to the trade by sea or land. The latter was established due to the continental blockage and mostly passed judgment on the confiscation of English vessels, arson of English goods and contraband.
Despite its incorporation into the Italian kingdom, from 1805 to 1809, Istria was physically separated from it by a belt of Austrian terri¬tory, with Trieste at its centre. The continental blockage did not prevent the town from prospering and taking over Venetian trade. Not sur¬prisingly, after 1805 Napoleon often considered the idea of annexing Trieste, in particular when planning his eastern policy, in 1808, his Minister of Foreign Affairs Champagny suggested that he should an¬nex the whole Austrian territory lying to the south of the Vipava and Kolpa rivers. As for the future administration of the Austrian lands that the French intended to annex, Champagny’s report to Napoleon of February 1808 offered two possibilities: the incorporation into Italy or the establishment of a special political entity encompassing the lands located on the eastern Adriatic coast. The plan was finally realized after yet another war with Austria or, more precisely, after the signing of the Treaty of Schönbrunn signed on October 14, 1809, when the Illyrian Provinces were established.
To recapitulate, Napoleon’s rule introduced fairly radical changes into the traditional Istrian community that caused several social shifts and were often met with strong resistance from several social strata.

2015

Italian politician during the Age of the Historical Right.

2014

spense a Roma il 29 dicembre 1900 accompagnando il tramonto di un secolo che lei e i suoi familiari, tedeschi e italiani, avevano attraversato consapevolmente coinvolti nelle vicende sociali, politiche e culturali che ne avevano scandita la storia in ambito europeo, incontrando molti protagonisti, e protagoniste, dei movimenti intellettualmente più avanzati, e di quelli femminili in particolare.