Land Use Conflicts Research Papers (original) (raw)

Top Papers
Most Cited Papers
Most Downloaded Papers
Newest Papers
People
- by
- •
- Land-use planning, Periurban Agriculture, Land Use Conflicts

The paper aims to explore and analyse the impact of land-related conflicts/issues in Africa and its effects on the environment. Africans have been blessed with the abundance of land, though the situation has changed drastically over the decades due to land issues. This paper aims to examine the impacts of land-related conflicts in Kenya. The paper will be focusing specifically on urban, peri-urban and rural land conflicts in Kenya; it also analyses the effects of land conflicts on society and the environment.

- by Georgina Mwachiru
- •
- Natural Resources, Africa, Kenya, Nature

Este artigo trata de conflitos entre moradores do vale do rio Jari no município de Almeirim-PAe o Grupo Orsa, um conglomerado paulista do setor de papel e celulose conhecido como exemplo pioneiro de “empresa verde” e premiado por sua responsabilidade social e ambiental. Na Amazônia, porém, o Grupo Orsa opera num dos maiores latifúndios do mundo em meio a conflitos com posseiros e envolto em processos judiciais que apuram a grilagem das áreas que ocupa e as irregularidades do plano de manejo florestal em atividade. Pretende-se, aqui, um breve resgate da história da ocupação do vale do Jari e do latifúndio atualmente controlado pelo Grupo Orsa, e, junto a dados de campo recentes, descreverparte dos conflitos territoriais existentes.

- by Ricardo Theophilo Folhes and +1
- •
- Amazonia, Conflitos socioambientais, Land Use Conflicts, Ambientalismo

This paper offers an empirically grounded understanding of the historical processes by which economic and institutional actors, particularly industry networks operating over time, influenced regional-scale land use policies at critical junctures involving land conflicts. The research addresses understudied discourses, practices and relationships associated with changes in land use policy. The paper draws on theories of land conflicts and industry networks to examine multi-actor contestations over land use and growth. It highlights the role of industry networks of the property development and aggregate industries in influencing provincial land use policies. Using a multi-method approach, we examine a case of Ontario provincial government brokerage of conflicting proposals for the development of regional-scale lands on Toronto's urban periphery. A key finding is that fundamental differences in the organization and bargaining power of the two industries translate into differential effectiveness in multi-stakeholder negotiations.

- by cams smac
- •
- Urban Planning, Collective Action, Land Use Conflicts, Rural Area

Conflict between large-scale oil-palm producers and local communities is widespread in palm-oil producer nations. With a potential doubling of oil-palm cultivation in Indonesia in the next ten years it is likely that conflicts between the palm-oil industry and communities will increase. We develop and apply a novel method for understanding spatial patterns of oil-palm related conflicts. We use a unique set of conflict data derived through systematic searches of online data sources and local newspaper reports describing recent oil-palm land-use related conflicts for Indonesian Borneo, and combine these data with 43 spatial environmental and social variables using boosted regression tree modelling. Reports identified 187 villages had reported conflict with oil-palm companies. Spatial patterns varied with different types of conflict. Forest-dependent communities were more likely to strongly oppose oil-palm establishment because of their negative perception of oil-palm development on the environment and their own livelihoods. Conflicts regarding land boundary disputes, illegal operations by companies, perceived lack of consultation, compensation and broken promises by companies were more associated with communities that have lower reliance on forests for livelihoods, or are located in regions that have undergone or are undergoing forest transformation to oil-palm or industrial-tree-plantations. A better understanding of the characteristics of communities and areas where different types of conflicts have occurred is a fundamental step in generating hypotheses about why certain types of conflict occur in certain locations. Insights from such research can help inform land use policy, planning and management to achieve more sustainable and equitable development. Our results can also assist certification bodies (e.g. the Round-table for Sustainable Palm Oil-RSPO, and the Indonesian and Malaysian versions, ISPO and MSPO), non-government-organisations, government agencies and other stakeholders to more effectively target mediation efforts to reduce the potential for conflict arising in the future.

- by Nicola Abram and +1
- •
- Development Studies, Statistical Modeling, Oil palm, Borneo

The Kyoto Protocol encourages the reduction of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, as well as the use of technologies that are renewable and sustainable3. Both bioethanol and biodiesel have less sulphur emissions than diesel. Increased use of Bioenergy is a viable means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Factors such as land use change, end use, conversion techniques, agricultural methods and feedstock type will affect the overall impact on reduction of emissions and are examined through Life Cycle Analysis.Land is of value to the rural poor in developing nations because it is a means to gain income through farming. However, the acquisition of land by foreign investors can impinge on access to land for the poor. Land use conflicts are not new in Africa. For example, there have always been conflicts between farming communities and pastoralists, between villagers on village borders, and between communities and the state in national parks and reserved areas. Even within the pastoralist communities there are conflicts over community grazing areas. However, the age old conflicts have been aggravated by the current economic development, of which biofuels is just part of the bigger picture.

- by Prof Benard Muok
- •
- Renewable Energy, Environmental Sustainability, Biofuel, Land Use Conflicts

This article presents one of the first empirical studies of the demand for collective forest rights by forest-dependent groups locked in longstanding conflicts with government forestry agencies, which is a common feature of forested regions in the Global South. This analysis shows that (1) past engagements with community-based forest protection help foster demand for collective forest management rights despite the longstanding land use conflicts; (2) large areas of forest land affected by land use conflicts undermine the propensity of community groups to demand collective forest rights; (3) after the area affected by land use conflicts is controlled for, a larger number of land rights claimants is associated with a greater probability that a village group will claim collective forest rights; and (4) micro-institutional variables, particularly financial autonomy of village groups engaged in forest protection efforts, are likely to be among the main drivers of the local demand for collective forest management rights. The main finding is that community-based forest management is not merely an agenda that is imposed from the top by donors. Rather, recognizing the agency of rural residents in the process of adjudication of land use conflicts and providing them with autonomous spaces for management of local resources is likely to significantly boost the local demand for environmental stewardship.

There has recently been much debate about the ways in which place-based research should contextualize rural land use disputes in relation to economic globalization. This article analyzes how changing hybrid configurations of global and regional influences in Cambodia's extractive sector have transformed the dilemmas of rural place-making, focussing on two cases – a Chinese mining company's concession in Kratie and an Australian mining company's concession in Ratanakiri. Addressing contexts where resource access has been contested by local Khmer small-scale gold mining communities, migrant miners and foreign-owned companies, the case studies illustrate how globalization pressures have been experienced differently. The cases also highlight analytic weaknesses of dominant development narratives that focus narrowly on local illegal land use and the need for resettlement of communities living and working in large companies' concessions. The article introduces a framework of three inter-related themes that encourage a more sensitive interpretation of extractive sector contestations under globalization, calling for critically engaging divergent interpretations of “illegality” in resource use, exploring the dynamic interactions between global and regional actors, and carefully considering small-scale miners' socioeconomic and historical connections to rural places. As this is the first study in almost a decade to focus on social dimensions of Cambodia's mining industry, the article concludes by suggesting how place-based research attuned to ever-changing faces of globalization can deepen understandings of socioeconomic marginalization and transformation in Cambodia's mineral-rich areas and beyond.

- by Sam Spiegel
- •
- Economic Sociology, Rural Sociology, Geography, Human Geography
- by Ioan Ianos
- •
- Urban Planning, Land Use Conflicts, Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Due to the recent increase in population, urbanization in developing countries progressed to the outer fringes of the city and resulted in ecological and social problems. Especially land use conflicts resulting in such phenomena are characterized by pressures on the environment caused by ever-increasing anthropogenic factors subject to unplanned settlement, notably in heavily populated metropolitan areas. Despite the fact that Turkey is one of the countries, which this conflict intensively occurred. Studies on compliance of land use in Turkey with the zoning plans mainly consider socioeconomic indicators. This, in return, raises concerns over applicability and the rationality of the plans created. Three main indicators: environmental indicators, social indicators and economic indicators were selected and then estimated to retrieve the relative weights of the indicators was determined using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) pairwise comparison method. Weighted linear combination (WLC)...

- by Ufuk Fatih Kucukali
- •
- Environmetal Indicators, Land Use Conflicts

Comunidades que vivem em áreas de proteção integral
vivenciam situações conflituosas. Neste artigo analisamos o
estudo de caso da Comunidade de Marujá, do Parque Estadual da
Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC) (Cananeia, São Paulo, Brasil) e
demonstramos soluções práticas que podem ser aplicadas para
outras áreas protegidas caracterizadas pelos mesmos conflitos.
Baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas, descrevemos o
processo de 10 anos (1998 a 2008) em que a comunidade e o
parque construíram sua relação. Procuramos entender como,
durante este processo, a comunidade passou de espectador
impotente para cogestores adaptativos. Nossos resultados
mostram que a comunidade conseguiu desenvolver sua
capacidade adaptativa só com a ajuda externa. A gestão do parque
auxiliou neste processo por meio de mecanismos como a
negociação participativa e deliberativa da tomada de decisão
sobre as regras do parque através de um conselho, um plano de
manejo participativo e a institucionalização da organização
comunitária.

- by Karla Sessin Dilascio
- •
- Governance, Protected areas, Land Use Conflicts
- by Afif Fakhruzzi
- •
- Human Geography, Development Studies, Statistical Modeling, Oil palm

The text argues that there has existed and will continue to exist for much time enough geographical space and related natural resources in the Brazilian national territory to accommodate the expansion of five sets of uses and activities: (i) rural productive activities, (ii) infra‐structure installations, (iii) protected areas, and (iv) indigenous homelands and (v) maroon homelands. This point has become highly relevant because recently a pro‐agriculture social coalition / lobby and an associated congressional caucus have argued that the expansion of Brazilian agricultural activities
has been confined by protected areas and indigenous homelands. These actors call explicitly for the unfettered expansion of agricultural activities and consider it to be strategic for the future of Brazil as a major producer of food and agricultural commodities. This coalition gives little attention to the fact that rural activities compete for territory with other activities and land uses that are common components of modern societies and economies. The present text criticizes an influential research report that defends the unlimited expansion of agricultural activities. It also pulls together data that show that agricultural areas have expanded strongly over the last decades, the same having happened with areas dedicated to environmental protection, indigenous homelands and infrastructure installations. The major inference is that although agriculture may call for freedom to expand to “new frontiers”, it can also expand by improving its productivity in currently occupied lands and by using lands officially classified as underused, unused or abandoned by farmers. Additionally, it is argued that this pro‐agriculture stance should not be rejected outright, but incorporated into a wider debate about a socially legitimate distribution of different land uses in the large, tropical, humid, biologically rich territory of Brazil.

- by Jose Drummond
- •
- Agribusiness, Conservation, Indigenous Peoples, Protected areas

La périurbanisation ainsi que le développement touristique sont les causes principales de
l’accaparement foncier dans le σord de la Méditerranée. Au moment où le discours sur la qualité de vie, le
développement durable et la protection de l’environnement devient dominant, on essaie de faire un
inventaire des discours qui justifient les projets territoriaux des différents acteurs dans des zones
périurbaines des aires métropolitaines (principalement la région d’Attique) en Grèce.
L’étude s’intéresse aux discours publics et politiques des acteurs collectifs (ex. associations, collectifs
locaux de type σIMBY (σot In My Backyard), τσG’s, partis politiques, « mouvements sociaux » et dans
plusieurs cas les communes) qui déclenchent les conflits en menant l’opposition à l’action publique en
réponse à des acteurs institutionnels qui planifient les projets (notamment l’état et la région). Dans un
premier temps, on décrira les tendances et les évolutions de la politique environnementale liées à la
politique foncière dans le périurbain. Ensuite, et après avoir fait une description des principaux conflits
environnementaux liés à la périurbanisation, on va se concentrer sur l’exemple de Keratea pour mettre en
évidence des discours territoriaux et illustrer les évolutions des politiques de concertation
environnementale

The transnational management of watersheds is conflict-prone: asymmetries in aims and power can lead to mismanagement of the land and water resources and possibly to conflicts among countries sharing a watershed. Yet, far from being an issue of national divergences only, the management of trans-boundary resources results from the complex interaction of actors at different scales and from various sectors.
To address this gap, we present a case study analysing cross-scale interactions and scale-, country-, sector-bound perceptions of stakeholders in the Okavango River Basin (ORB) in southern Africa, where fast developments in Namibia, Botswana and especially Angola may trigger rapid changes in the river basin, until now in a rare state of pristineness. Thereby, we aim to identify key differences and (potential) conflicts in the trans-boundary integrated management, as well as similarities among actors of a given scale, which may strengthen transboundary management. Data consists of perceptions of 80 stakeholders of all scales and sectors about the ORB land and water use system in the present and in the future, as well as factors characterizing stakeholders, and was collected in 2012 and 2013 via semi-structured, recorded, face to face interviews. Transcripts were analysed using MAXQDA following a deductive/inductive approach.
We found evidence for six types of stakeholder perceptions about the ORB land use system. The types prioritize specific aspects (e.g. conservation, equity, economic development), linked to the country, sector and scale characterizing a stakeholder. The main difference lies in the idea of development that stakeholders embrace. More specifically, the development process the national scale has in mind for the people, namely a quick transition to a cash market and industrial economy, does not correspond to the one the people have for themselves. Regional scale actors accept the transition as a fatality but are frustrated by the lack of tools, support and empowerment they face to guide the people through this transition. This results in a mosaic of latent and manifest conflicts, occurring at specific scales and involving specific stakeholder groups. Their analysis reveals the dimension of complexity which the sustainable management of the ORB will require.

This paper is a partial result of my graduate studies research. It is about different ways of thinking about property. That discuss was occurring during the creation of Law 1.237 from 1864, a Brazilian mortgage law. That paper considers... more

This paper is a partial result of my graduate studies research. It is about
different ways of thinking about property. That discuss was occurring during the
creation of Law 1.237 from 1864, a Brazilian mortgage law. That paper considers what
different groups from slave holders class spoke and wrote about the subject between
1853 and 1864.

- by Pedro Parga
- •
- Agrarian History, História do Brasil Imperial, Land Use Conflicts
- by Stefanie Steinebach
- •
- Indonesia, Indigenous Peoples, Agrarian Social Movements, Palm Oil

Land-use conflicts reveal the contemporary evolution of rural areas. They illustrate the rising popularity of the countryside among an urbanized population, which might be in conflict with traditional ideas of rural land uses and living.... more

- by Carsten Mann
- •
- Economics, Rural, Urban Planning, Collective Action
- by Kathrine Johnsen
- •
- Human Geography, Political Science, Rationality, Sámi Studies

This study examined the effect of land access and land use conflict on crop commercialization of smallholder farmers in Southwest Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 300 respondents and primary data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Land Market Index (LMI), Land Use Conflict Index (LUCI), Crop Commercialization Index (CCI) and Tobit regression model. Majority (95.3%) of the farmers were male, natives (81.3%), and married (97.3%) with an average household size of 9 persons. Also, 69.3% had formal education and an average of 24 years of farming experience. Majority (78.0%) of the farmers had their total landholding through non-market means (inheritance, borrowed and gift), 14.0% acquired their total landholding through market means (purchase, rent and lease), and the mean LMI was 0.16(±0.35), showing farmers had access to 16% of farmlands through market participation. Farmers were coping with conflict on majority (90.4%) of their landholdings and 95.2% of conflicts could be attributed to competition for natural resources, especially farmer-herder clashes (94.2%). The mean LUCI was 0.91(±0.27), implying farmers experienced conflicts on 91% of farmlands. Mean commercialization of maize, cassava and yam were 84.19%(±16.0), 84.01%(±16.67) and 61.42%(±24.83), respectively, indicating that the crops driving commercialization were maize and cassava. Tobit regression results indicated that farm size, presence of local market and LMI significantly (P<0.01) increase commercialization. In conclusion, extent of land market participation significantly increases commercialization while land use conflict reduces crop commercialization, although not significantly. Policy efforts should be intensified with a view to facilitating land access by farming households through market participation, and also reducing or resolving all arable land use and related resource use conflict.

- by André Torre
- •
- Multidisciplinary, Land Use Planning, Land Use Policy, Farmland Protection

The discourse concerning the quality of life, sustainable development and environmental protection is currently dominant in public fora. Furthermore, the origins of many conflicts and tensions in peri-urban metropolitan areas are closely related to land-use and development pressures that incite environmental disputes and social conflicts. This work aims to analyze the evolving social and geographical dimension of conflicts in the peri-urban metropolitan area of Athens by focusing on social pressures related to environmental conflicts and governance issues observed during the period 2007-2012. The period under consideration marks a turning point in Greek society as it starts with dynamic economic development in the first years of the 21st century and ends with a serious economic depression with multiple effects on social and political aspects of life. Our approach focuses on " environmental conflicts " which are defined here as conflicts where the question of the environment is used as a main issue by at least one of the adversaries. This research aims to present a general view of the evolution of the environmental movement at regional level, in the region of Attica, during a decade in which Greek society faced rapid and radical changes. After having presented our methodological approach, this research will put forward the main results concerning geographical distribution and their relation to some social factors. Cartographie de la dynamique d'utilisation des terres, conflits environnementaux et pressions sociales dans la zone péri-urbaine d'Athènes Résumé. Le discours sur la qualité de vie, le développement durable et la protection de l'environnement est actuellement dominant dans les forums publics. En outre, les origines de nombreux conflits et tensions dans les régions métropolitaines péri-urbaines sont étroitement liées à l'utilisation des terres et le développement des pressions qui attisent les conflits environnementaux et des disputes sociales. Ce travail vise à analyser la dimension sociale et géographique des conflits en évolution dans la région métropolitaine péri-urbaine d'Athènes en mettant l'accent sur les pressions sociales liées aux conflits environnementaux et les questions de gouvernance observées au cours de la période 2007-2012. La période considérée marque un tournant dans la société grecque comme elle commence par un développement économique dynamique dans les premières années du 21 e siècle et se termine par une dépression économique grave avec de multiples effets sur la vie sociale et politique. Notre approche se concentre sur les « conflits environnementaux » qui sont ici définis comme des conflits où la question de l'environnement est utilisée comme une question principale par au moins l'un des adversaires. Cette recherche a pour but de présenter une vue d'ensemble de l'évolution du mouvement environnemental au niveau régional, dans la région de l'Attique, au cours d'une décennie où la société grecque a fait face à des changements rapides et radicaux. Après avoir présenté l'approche méthodologique, nous allons mettre en évidence les principaux résultats de la recherche concernant la répartition géographique et leur relation avec certains facteurs sociaux. Mots-clés. Conflits environnementaux – Disputes sociales – Espace périurbain – Crise – Athènes – Grèce.

- by Sofia Nikolaidou
- •
- Environmental Conflicts, Land Use Conflicts, Periurban Areas, Social Pressures