Landscape Archaeology Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The Lake George Basin is a small, closed basin about 50km NE from Canberra, Australia's capital city. The basin is a very distinct landscape unit, and for many generations it has been a natural meeting place for several Aboriginal groups. There is evidence of at least 6000 years old human artefacts on the shores of the lake, and a currently ongoing PhD project is adding detail to our understanding of the human occupation of this area. There are also known mega-fauna fossil finds, including of the extinct kangaroo genus Procoptodon from deposits originally dated to between 21,000 and 26,000 years BP, but now considered to be older. The site for Canberra was chosen in 1908, resolving a long running debate about where the National Capital should be located. The main rivals were Sydney and Melbourne, and the diplomatic compromise was to establish a new capital midway between the two. Lake George had been a substantial body of water until 1900, and the Lake George Basin had been considered as a possible site for the new capital. Luckily, another nearby site was chosen because lake levels fell during several years of drought and the lake was dry from 1901 to 1915 and on several occasions since. Currently the lake is dry again, giving access for a large interdisciplinary team to study the landscape, its tectonic, sedimentary and hydrogeological evolution, as well as the paleontological and archaeological history of the area. The Lake George Fault, elevated 200 metres above the western shores, is a 75 km long major north-south tectonic feature. The lake bed is filled with up to 165 metres of sediments, providing the longest known continuous Quaternary and Pliocene sedimentary record of any lake in Australia, encompassing approximately 4 million years. Today the land around the lake is privately owned, while the lake bed is Crown Land. The landscape elements are defining features in current land use, planning and development. Our research aims to create new knowledge that will advance the protection and sharing of the landscape without hampering its development. Our project is " work in progress " , with funding for another two years. Funding is provided from the Australian Research Council (LP140100911). We acknowledge the First People of Australia as the traditional owners of the land on which we live and work.

Object-based image analysis (OBIA) is a method of assessing remote sensing data that uses morphometric and spectral parameters simultaneously to identify features in remote sensing imagery. Over the past 10-15 years, OBIA methods have been introduced to detect archaeological features. Improvements in accuracy have been attained by using a greater number of morphometric variables and multiple scales of analysis. This article highlights the developments that have occurred in the application of OBIA within archaeology and argues that OBIA is both a useful and necessary tool for archaeological research. Additionally, I discuss future research paths using this method. Some of the suggestions put forth here include: pushing for multifaceted research designs utilizing OBIA and manual interpretation, using OBIA methods for directly studying landscape settlement patterns, and increasing data sharing of methods between researchers.

- by Dylan S Davis
- •
- Archaeology, Geophysics, Remote Sensing, Machine Learning

Abrupt climate change in the past is thought to have disrupted societies by accelerating environmental degradation, potentially leading to cultural collapse. Linking climate change directly to societal disruption is challenging because socioeconomic factors also play a large role, with climate being secondary or sometimes inconsequential. Combining paleolimnologic, historical, and archaeological methods provides for a more secure basis for interpreting the past impacts of climate on society. We present pollen, nonpollen palynomorph, geochemical, paleomagnetic and sedimentary data from a high-resolution 2700 yr lake sediment core from central Italy and compare these data with local historical documents and archeological surveys to reconstruct a record of environmental change in relation to socioeconomic history and climatic fluctuations. Here we document cases in which environmental change is strongly linked to changes in local land management practices in the absence of clear climatic change, as well as examples when climate change appears to have been a strong catalyst that resulted in significant environmental change that impacted local communities. During the Imperial Roman period, despite a long period of stable, mild climate, and a large urban population in nearby Rome, our site shows only limited evidence for environmental degradation. Warm and mild climate during the Medieval Warm period, on the other hand, led to widespread deforestation and erosion. The ability of the Romans to utilize imported resources through an extensive trade network may have allowed for preservation of the environment near the Roman capital, whereas during medieval time, the need to rely on local resources led to environmental degradation. Cool wet climate during the Little Ice Age led to a breakdown in local land use practices, widespread land abandonment and rapid reforestation. Our results present a highresolution regional case study that explores the effect of climate change on society for an underdocumented region of Europe.

- by Leonardo Sagnotti
- •
- Landscape Ecology, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Earth Sciences
- by William Vivian Davies and +1
- •
- Ancient Egyptian Religion, Egyptology, Papyrology, Landscape Archaeology

El procesamiento de datos fotogramétricos mediante VANT para resaltar rasgos arqueológicos. Dos aplicaciones en la cuenca de México. (En prensa: Sistemas de información geográfica para arqueólogos: Repensando el espacio en contextos arqueológicos mesoamericanos. Armando Trijullo (ed.) El colegio Mexiquense.)-NO CITAR SIN EL PERMISO DE LOS AUTORES-Resumen: El uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANT´s) es cada vez más frecuente en arqueología con el fin de obtener ortofotos de alta resolución o modelos digitales de elevación resultado del procesamiento fotogramétrico. No obstante, los resultados pueden procesarse mediante diferentes algoritmos que han demostrado su utilidad en el procesamiento de modelos LiDAR (Ligth Detection and Range), permitiendo eliminar la vegetación y destacar rasgos de probable origen antrópico. Si bien los datos obtenidos por los sensores aerotransportados mediante VANT´s requieren de una capacidad de cómputo respetable y del uso de softwares especializados, se obtienen resultados importantes en un tiempo relativamente corto y a un costo mucho menor a si se utilizaran datos LiDAR tradicionales. En esta aportación presentamos los resultados obtenidos en el Cerro Yohualtécatl (Cerro Guerrero), en la Sierra de Guadalupe y en las chinampas arqueológicas de San Gregorio Atlapulco, Xochimilco, en donde empleamos análisis del tipo Sky View Factor, Red Relief Map, entre otros, los cuales fueron muy útiles para localizar y definir estructuras de tipo antrópico. Introducción: Vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANT´s) y análisis geográficos, una necesidad en arqueología. La arqueología a lo largo de su historia ha adoptado diferentes metodologías para el registro y la investigación del patrimonio, dentro de éstas, el análisis mediante fotografía aérea ha adquirido un papel fundamental (Forte y Campana, 2016; Musson et al., 2013). En este

- by Guillermo Acosta Ochoa
- •
- Archaeology, Photogrammetry, Landscape Archaeology, Aztecs

Pottery is one of the most abundant artifact categories recovered from Northern Iroquoian archaeological village sites dating prior to the widespread adoption of European technologies. As a result, it receives a great deal of attention from archaeologists. Of particular note on sites dating after ca. AD 1300 is the presence of pots with collars and collarless pots with wedges (broad, flat lips). These platforms were used by Iroquoian potters for the creation of often very intricate designs generally composed of straight incised or stamped lines. While we do not know the meanings of these designs, we can deduce that they were signals, a means of conveying to others information about the potters and pottery users (Hart and Engelbrecht 2012).

- by John P Hart and +1
- •
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Social Sciences

Through a landscape archaeological survey conducted in 2010– 2013 in
Ascalon, the author has been able to reconstruct the historical landscape of Tel Ascalon through various periods. Creating reconstructions of the landscape on the Tel and the surrounding area enables us to learn about the interrelationship between people and their natural environment in this area. It also enables us to examine various historical events within their environmental and archaeological contexts, such as the 1099 Battle of Ascalon and the 1153 and 1187 sieges of the city. This study has identified various surviving landscape and archaeological features which we can relate to historical events, demonstrating how these events continue to resonate and influence the development of the Ascalon landscape, and even the post- crusader city.

The nature of the relationship between the Assyrian state and the Syro-Hittite states is often represented in the writings of archaeologists and ancient historians under the rubric of imperialism, Assyrian sovereignty, and the Syro-Hittite resistance, an unchanging formula largely based on center-periphery models. This structuralist model of fixed relationships is thus characterized as a firmly-set trajectory of power relations and a teleological narrative of conquest, ending without exception with the eventual and complete submission and subjugation of Syro-Hittite states to Assyrian military power. While Syro-Hittite states are represented as vulnerable and politically weak entities, the Assyrian state is referred as an “expansionistic imperial power” or “superior invading force”. Had they escaped direct Assyrian sovereignty, these peripheral communities were at least deemed “Assyrianizing” in their material culture. This a priori qualification of Syro-Hittite-Assyrian relationships as an imbalanced power distribution is an outcome of the preponderance of studies of Assyrian sovereignty with an obsession with the (cosmic) image of the sovereign in his visual and verbal manifestations. Secondly it is often assumed that the study of Assyrian imperialism has always operated through coercion and military violence. Alternative forms of engagement between the Neo-Assyrian state and the Syro-Hittite kingdoms such as diplomacy, political negotiation, trade, exchange of ideas, politics of settlement, land management, taxation or traveling craftsmen and circulation of technology and knowledge are much more rarely discussed. In this paper, I suggest that historical perspectives on the unchallenged Assyrian imperialism are often driven by the alluring, yet biased perspectives offered by the sumptuous, if not excessive corpus of Assyrian annalistic accounts, state sponsored texts, and imperial monuments. Therefore such perspectives prioritize short-term political histories of conquest and domination over other longer term and more horizontally distributed aspects of the past such as cultural practices, ecological histories, political landscapes, socialization, or material worlds. The historicist accounts of the Near Eastern past can be challenged and perhaps balanced by evidence offered by archaeological, material, and environmental research, which present alternative and often contrasting perspectives on these particular histories. Prioritizing textual evidence often leaves out the material flows, delicate negotiations of power, dynamics of trade and exchange and the politics of resource extraction. Attending to other forms of evidence allows us to reflect on the complexity of the relationships between Assyria and the Syro-Hittite states. In this article, I pay particular attention to such interactions and encounters that are other than military in nature, and give priority to material evidence that challenge standard imperialist narratives of Assyrian textual accounts.

- by Ömür Harmansah
- •
- History, Ancient History, Cultural Studies, Archaeology

Mit 21 lokalen, regionalen und überregionalen Studien bietet der Sammelband einen Querschnitt durch die Erforschung frühmittelalterlicher Zentren und Siedlungsstrukturen vornehmlich des bayerisch-ostfränkischen Raumes und benachbarter Landschaften. Das thematische Spektrum reicht dabei von überregional bedeutsamen Zentren wie Pfalzen und Bischofssitzen zu solchen ländlicher Gesellschaften, z.B. Mühlen oder Pfarrkirchen. Der zeitliche Rahmen spannt sich von der Spätantike bis in das beginnende Hochmittelalter. Im Mittelpunkt des Interesses stehen Kriterien für Zentralität, methodische Probleme wie die Abgrenzung von Zentrum und Peripherie, Ursachen für strukturellen Wandel von Zentren sowie die räumliche Verteilung zentraler Funktionen innerhalb überörtlicher zentraler Räume.

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- by Laurent Schneider
- •
- Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Medieval Studies, Settlement Patterns

This paper examines the processes of settlement and abandonment of the medieval countryside as revealed by archaeological surveys undertaken in southern Greece. The Nemea region, the focus of an intensive archaeological survey, serves as a case study. Early archaeological surveys approached this time period primarily from a historical point of view. Political history provided the textual frame while the archaeological data were expected to "fill in" the gaps of the historical record. In contrast, in the last twenty-five years the second generation of surveys has taken an active interest in the archaeological documentation of the medieval countryside. The settlement trends observed in Nemea are viewed as manifestations of a variety of political, social, and economic processes.

- by Effie F Athanassopoulos
- •
- Landscape Archaeology, Medieval Greece
- by Damjan Krsmanovic and +1
- •
- Landscape Archaeology, Survey Methodology, Ottoman Empire, Survey (Archaeological Method & Theory)
- by Nicola Mancassola
- •
- Landscape Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology
- by Mark W. Allen
- •
- Landscape Archaeology, California Archaeology

Hercolaneum lies from the top of Vesuvius to the sea. It is situated
in the middle of the Bay of Naples, in a wonderful position.
It has a very complex landscape, characterized by a mix of archaeological
and historical town up to the current one. The modern
Hercolaneum was built on the ancient one, which it is, in
some parts, 30 metres underground. During the great eruption of
Vesuvius in A.D. 79, the ancient town was covered by mud and
ash that, once solidified, became a good base for the new town.
Therefore, Herculaneum and Resina were independent. They were
collocated in two different heights, but in the same way they feed
each other. The Vesuvius overlook the landscape and it’s a perfect
background of the modern town, in which volumes and curtain
walls stop in order to give space to the ruins. The dissertation
wants to show the connection between the archaeological site and
the urban pattern, through the consideration of Bay as the main
parameter during the processes of restoration and preservation.

- by Iole Nocerino
- •
- Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Herculaneum, Pompeii and Herculaneum

Draft final completed section of the South Yorkshire Archaeological Research Framework on behalf of Historic England and the South Yorkshire Archaeology Service. The final published version will be in the form of an interactive website hosted by Historic England that will feature all of the regional archaeological resource assessments and research frameworks, which should be going online in 2020. I would like to thank Andrew Lines, Jim McNeil, Zac Nellist, and Dinah Saich of the South Yorkshire Archaeology Service; for approaching me to see if I would be interested in producing this document. The comments made during and after the day workshop on the Iron Age and Roman periods by the many colleagues who attended were extremely useful, and where possible have been incorporated within this document.

- by Yannis Lolos
- •
- Landscape Archaeology, Ottoman Studies, Cultural Landscape

This dissertation examines multiple scales of Indigenous history on the Northwest Coast from the disciplinary perspective of archaeology. I focus on cultural lifeways archaeologically represented in two key domains of human existence: food and settlement. The dissertation consists of six individual case studies that demonstrate the utility of applying multiple spatial and temporal scales to refine archaeological understanding of cultural and historical variability on the Northwest Coast over the Mid-to-Late Holocene (ca. 5,000-200 BP). The first of three regionally scaled analyses presents a coast-wide examination of fisheries data indicating that Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) exhibit a pervasive and previously under-recognized importance in Northwest Coast Indigenous subsistence practices. Next, I use zooarchaeological data from the southern British Columbia coast to identify a pattern of regional coherence in Coast Salish and Nuu-chah-nulth hunting traditions reflecting the scale of intergenerational cultural practice. The third study re-calibrates the settlement history of a small and historically significant locality in Coast Tsimshian territory (Prince Rupert Harbour) to clarify the temporal resolution of existing radiocarbon datasets and test inferences about social and political change. Following this regional exploration of scale, I document site-specific temporal variability in archaeological fisheries data from a Nuu-chah-nulth ‘big-house’ reflecting climatic and socio-economic change. I examine Indigenous oral histories and archaeological datasets to evaluate these parallel records of settlement in the neighbouring territory of an autonomous Nuu-chah-nulth polity before and during the occupation of a large defensive fortress. Finally, I demonstrate how everyday foodways are archaeologically expressed and reflect ecological differences and active management strategies within several spatially associated sites over millennial timescales. These linked case studies offer new clarity into long-standing debates concerning archaeologically relevant scales of cultural-historical variability on the NWC. They collectively demonstrate an enduring regional and temporal coherence for key aspects of Indigenous resource use and settlement and a historical dynamism at finer scales. I argue this has cultural, historical, and archaeological significance as well as relevance for contemporary understandings of the Northwest Coast environment. I conclude that a focus on the pervasive aspects of the everyday over millennia offers insight into individual actions across broader patterns of history.

- by Iain McKechnie
- •
- Archaeology, Anthropology, Zooarchaeology, Environmental Archaeology

This article examines the productivity of agriculture at the Postclassic polity of Xaltocan, Mexico. Employing multiple lines of data (remote sensing, artifactual, ecofactual, chronological, demographic, historic, ethnographic, and environmental), it reconstructs the potential productivity of an integrated raised field, chinampa system that surrounded the polity. This exercise reveals that the system was capable of producing a sizeable caloric surplus above the needs of the kingdom's estimated total population and the number of laborers necessary to maintain full production. To situate the processes related to agricultural production, the paper considers how farmers' strategies were articulated with multiple institutions. Increased integration between political, social, and household institutions possibly fostered residents' incorporation into the body politic and provided mechanisms to finance the political economy. Such integration and dependency fractured, however, when Xaltocan was conquered.

- by Christopher Morehart
- •
- Demography, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology
- by nili liphschitz
- •
- Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology

m a g a z i n z u r r e g i o n a l e n k u l t u r u n d g e s c h i c h t e a u s g a b e 1 -2 0 1 3 saargeschichte|n e i n z e l p r e i s 4 , -e u r o i s s n 1 8 6 6 -5 7 3 x Ein Hauch von Weltgeschichte Ältestes römisches... more

m a g a z i n z u r r e g i o n a l e n k u l t u r u n d g e s c h i c h t e a u s g a b e 1 -2 0 1 3 saargeschichte|n e i n z e l p r e i s 4 , -e u r o i s s n 1 8 6 6 -5 7 3 x Ein Hauch von Weltgeschichte Ältestes römisches Militärlager auf deutschem Boden am »Hunnenring« Herausgeber: Historischer Verein für die Saargegend e.V. und Landesverband der historisch-kulturellen Vereine des Saarlandes e.V. Catherina Schreiber -Um die Ecke ins Exil -Das schwierige Leben der saarländischen Emigranten, die zwischen 1935 und 1940 Zuflucht in Luxemburg suchten. Kristine Marschall -Ein Stein macht noch keine Grenze -Drei lobenswerte Beispiele: In Rassweiler und Bischmisheim sowie im Kreis St. Wendel wurden Kleindenkmäler inventarisiert.

- by Sabine Hornung
- •
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Settlement Patterns

This paper introduces a novel approach for the detection, classification and characterisation of nowadays disappeared or seriously compromised archaeological sites and various off-site ancient landscape features in the Kambos area in the western Thessalian plain. Despite efforts of the members of the Greek Archaeological Service, the archaeological record of western Thessaly remains scanty. Moreover, an extensive land consolidation and land reclamation project implemented in the western Thessalian plain during the early 1970s resulted in the flattening of habitation tells (locally known as magoules) and of funerary tombs of all periods. Digital photogrammetric reconstruction techniques and archaeomorphological landscape analysis resulted in the recognition of 891 previously unknown mounded archaeological sites, as well as other landscape features, such as ancient road and field systems. More importantly, invaluable insights into the type and character of these archaeological features were detected. Initial targeted surface archaeological work, albeit limited, appears to validate our results indicating that existing knowledge on the cultural record of the area is spatially inconsistent, incomplete and misleading.

- by Athanasia (Nancy) Krahtopoulou and +1
- •
- Cultural Heritage, Landscape Archaeology, Cultural Landscapes, Neolithic Archaeology

This paper explores the role of public architecture in anchoring Cherokee communities to particular points within the southern Appalachian landscape in the wake of European contact in North America. Documentary evidence about Cherokee public structures known as townhouses demonstrates that they were settings for a variety of events related to public life in Cherokee towns, and that there were a variety of symbolic meanings associated with them. Archaeological evidence of Cherokee townhouses—especially the sequence of six townhouses at the Coweeta Creek site in southwestern North Carolina—demonstrates an emphasis on continuity in the placement and alignment of public architecture through time. Building and rebuilding these public structures in place, and the placement of burials within these architectural spaces, created enduring attachments between Cherokee towns and the places in which they lived, in the midst of the geopolitical instability created by European contact in eastern North America.

R. Schot, C. Newman and E. Bhreathnach (eds), Landscapes of Cult and Kingship. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2011.

- by Roseanne Schot and +1
- •
- Mythology And Folklore, Prehistoric Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Cosmology (Anthropology)

The zooarchaeological data from rural settlements (casalia), castles (castra) and cities (civitates) of Medieval Apulia
during the late Middle Ages (10th-15th centuries) allow to recognize different ways of production and distribution of animal resources on the territory. Pig breeding played an important role in the diet of the region although it is difficult to establish a single pattern of exploitation for this animal that supplied meat and fats. In all the sites pigs generally lived more than one year and they were butchered during their second year of life. The killing of young individuals does not seem to reflect human privileged conditions, but it could indicate the difficulties to keep the animals until the sexual maturity, when they reached the maximum meat yield.

- by Giovanni De Venuto
- •
- Zooarchaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology

Archaeological investigations carried out at Case Bastione (Enna, central Sicily) provide a key insight into the cultural and environmental changes that occurred during the transition from the Copper Age to the Bronze Age. Preliminary data of an ongoing paleoenvironmental reconstruction through archaeobotanical analyses are here presented. The selective exploitation of vegetation, the adaptation of lifestyle to local resources, and changing climatic conditions are analysed using different on-site and off-site environmental and archaeological proxies. The environment around the site was constituted by mixed oak woodland. Dietary preferences were reconstructed through the analysis of carpo-remains. Isotopic values provide new data on the 4.2 ka BP event and its effects on vegetation in central Sicily. In a whole, first results from Case Bastione give new light to human choices of vegetal resources exploitation. Comparison of the local results with the regional pollen data support the hypothesis that the growth in population and settlement in the inland part of the island since the Late Copper Age may reflect changing climatic conditions in coastal areas.

- by Enrico Giannitrapani and +2
- •
- Stable isotope ecology, Environmental Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Mediterranean prehistory

The Lake George Basin is a small, closed basin about 50km NE from Canberra, Australia’s capital city.
The basin is a very distinct landscape unit, and for many generations it has been a natural meeting place for several Aboriginal groups. There is evidence of at least 6000 years old human artefacts on the shores of the lake, and a currently ongoing PhD project is adding detail to our understanding of the human occupation of this area. There are also known mega-fauna fossil finds, including of the extinct kangaroo genus Procoptodon from deposits originally dated to between 21,000 and 26,000 years BP, but now considered to be older.
The site for Canberra was chosen in 1908, resolving a long running debate about where the National Capital should be located. The main rivals were Sydney and Melbourne, and the diplomatic compromise was to establish a new capital midway between the two. Lake George had been a substantial body of water until 1900, and the Lake George Basin had been considered as a possible site for the new capital. Luckily, another nearby site was chosen because lake levels fell during several years of drought and the lake was dry from 1901 to 1915 and on several occasions since.
Currently the lake is dry again, giving access for a large interdisciplinary team to study the landscape, its tectonic, sedimentary and hydrogeological evolution, as well as the paleontological and archaeological history of the area.
The Lake George Fault, elevated 200 metres above the western shores, is a 75 km long major north-south tectonic feature. The lake bed is filled with up to 165 metres of sediments, providing the longest known continuous Quaternary and Pliocene sedimentary record of any lake in Australia, encompassing approximately 4 million years.
Today the land around the lake is privately owned, while the lake bed is Crown Land. The landscape elements are defining features in current land use, planning and development. Our research aims to create new knowledge that will advance the protection and sharing of the landscape without hampering its development.
Our project is “work in progress”, with funding for another two years. Funding is provided from the Australian Research Council (LP140100911). We acknowledge the First People of Australia as the traditional owners of the land on which we live and work.

- by Eva Papp
- •
- Paleontology, Climate Change, Landscape Archaeology, Australian Indigenous Archaeology

This thesis focuses on the archaeological study of the Slave Cemetery at George Washington’s Mount Vernon. Here, methodological and theoretical principles are utilized to study the area that many enslaved workers call their final resting place. Through the use of this space, it is hypothesized that Mount Vernon’s enslaved community practiced distinct traditions, instilling in that spot a sense of place, and reinforcing their individual and communal human identities. This thesis will also investigate the cemetery within its broader regional and cultural contexts, to attain a better understanding of the death rituals and culturally resistant activates that slaves at Mount Vernon used in their day-to-day battle against the system that held them in bondage.

- by Joe Downer
- •
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Slavery

This new volume of the Amsterdam Archaeological Studies seeks to offer a fresh perspective on the integration of marginal areas in the Roman empire. Starting from a multidimensional approach it analyses the social dynamics that led to the development of a large villa in the relatively poor and peripheral hinterland of the Lower Rhine limes. A central role is attributed to agency and the interplay of military and urban networks and native social structures.

∞ This paper meets the requirements of the ansi/niso Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).

Three important Achaemenid monumental buildings have been discovered in the Persian Gulf region, in Dashtestan county (southwestern Iran) and near to the modern town of Borazjan, where historians locate the city called Tamukkan in the Elamite sources. In addition, during surveys conducted in this area, a large number of archaeological sites including those from the Achaemenid period have been recorded. In this paper, all the archaeological and historical sources regarding the Achaemenid era presence in Dashtestan have been compiled with the aim of interpreting them with the same approach of settlement studies which has produced excellent results in central Fars, especially in Persepolis. In doing so, the topography of Dashtestan in the Achaemenid era has been reconstructed in its general lines, sufficient to demonstrate the existence of the settlement of Tamukkan in this area. The main discovery is that the Achaemenid settlement of Tamukkan was probably of the same type as those of Persepolis and Pasargadae.

As a cultural construction, the result of the interaction between human beings and nature, the study of the landscape must be considered within a dimension
Historical and archaeological. This is basically articulated at two scales, the spatial and the temporal, which delimit the rhythmicity of the process and its typology.
From a historical perspective, this type of dimensional approach requires that the human-medium relationship be framed within research
With a marked multidisciplinary nature, where the disciplines involved share different opinion spaces for hypothesis.
and common problems.
Historical ecology centers its dialectic on the interrelation between human beings and nature, manifested through the ‘landscape’, whose conceptualization
It is never easy, 1 since this term has been used in many fields of science and the arts under very different prisms.
In any case, the landscape, identical in its background, is different in the way it is interpreted. To put it another way, the landscape is not an entity
physical in itself, but the way in which each person perceives the biotic and abiotic environment that surrounds it, and, therefore, each of them would be able to
interpret, signify or define the landscape in a different way, even in several ways before different emotional or sensitive states. It is therefore about
a term with numerous interpretations and meanings, a difficult and polysemic concept

- by Dionisio Urbina Martinez and +1
- •
- Landscape Ecology, Landscape Archaeology, Cultural Landscapes, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)

Although it is now commonplace for archaeologists to study use-alteration patterns on ceramics, the same cannot be said of one of the most ubiquitous classes of hunter-gatherer artifacts, fire-cracked rocks (FCR). It can be shown, however, that many of the same methods and theories applied to the study of cooking ceramics are also relevant to the investigation of rocks used as heating elements. Because use alteration analyses of FCR are so scarce, I describe a range of attributes with the goal of helping researchers identify use alterations (e.g., sooting, reddening, various fracturing patterns) on lithic artifacts from sites worldwide and evaluate their potential function in various cultural practices. These attributes are also outlined in order to create a standardized terminology for describing FCR use-alteration patterns. I discuss my analysis of FCR from three Late Archaic sites (Duck Lake, 913, and 914) on Grand Island in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, followed by an interpretation of their cooking contexts, as a case study. The results indicate great intersite variability among FCR characteristics, cooking methods, and cooking facilities (earth oven, stone boiling, and rock griddle). This use alteration analysis can be applied in archaeological contexts worldwide where similar materials are recovered.

- by J.J. McDermott
- •
- Archaeology, Medieval History, Landscape Archaeology, Medieval Studies
- by Giovanni De Venuto
- •
- Zooarchaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology

Considers how landscape study helps us better understand the development of Cornwall. Reviews what landscape is, what aspects of it have been researched in Cornwall, and how that has affected the ways it is valued. From prehistory to the... more

- by Peter Herring
- •
- Landscape Archaeology, Landscape History, Landscape, Cornwall
- by Magali Watteaux and +3
- •
- Landscape Archaeology, Landscape History, Archeogeography, Paysage

GeoarchaeologIcal perspective to the reconstruction of coastal landscapes and settlement strategies of the Bronze Age Salento - Investigations of coastal landscape archaeology conducted over the last 10 years on the Adriatic and Ionian coastlines of the Salento allowed us to map many geoarchaeological markers of relative sea level changes; these data can give us accurate information on late Holocene phenomena of marine transgression offering a good opportunity to submit some fresh proposals of paleogeographic reconstructions of these territories. A particular attention was paid to the analysis of spatial, chronological and functional data of a group of archaeological markers (sunken and not) connected with forti ed and open settlements dated to the rst half of the II millennium BC. Torre Santa Sabina, Torre Guaceto-Scogli di Apani and Scalo di Furno-Porto Cesareo stand out among long-lived settlements for the relevance of the research outcomes. Many archaeological evidences (forti cation walls, moats, pavements, occupation layers, dwelling structures, etc.) mark the ancient position and height of the relative sea level, but postholes have a leading role. The mapping and recording of these structural elements allow us to reconstruct the real extension of Bronze Age inhabited areas.

- by Teodoro Scarano
- •
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, GeoArcheology

Cultures around the world find meaning in the shapes of stars and features in the Milky Way. The striking appearance of our galaxy in the night sky serves as a reference to traditional knowledge, encoding science and culture to a memory space, becoming part of their overarching cosmologies. This paper examines traditional views of the Milky Way from cultures around the world, primarily in the Southern Hemisphere. These views comprise dark constellations: familiar shapes made up of the dark dust lanes in the Milky Way, rather than the bright stars. Some of the better-known examples include the celestial emu from Aboriginal traditions of Australia, and the llama in Inca traditions of the Andes. We conduct a comparative analysis of cultural perceptions of dark constellations in the Milky Way, examining common cultural themes and meanings at the crossroads of Indigenous Knowledge and Western science.

- by Duane Hamacher and +1
- •
- Sociology, Cultural Studies, Native American Studies, Archaeology