Landscape Archaeology Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Antiquity

Despite archaeological interest in the study of the origins of public architecture in the Andes, there remain a number of gaps in our knowledge, especially in the area between the Chancay and Lurin Valleys on the central coast of Peru. This situation may, in part, result from how we have approached the study of the Formative period. In particular, the lack of intensive studies in several types of sites and valleys means that we have incomplete knowledge of wider settlement systems. As a result, we know very little about the existence of smaller settlements, only the great public centres. Nor do we understand how the unique occupational histories of each site and valley developed. This is despite the fact that investigations of the period began with middens and sites with modest architecture such as Bellavista or Ancón (Uhle 1906; Rosas 2007). Yet this shortcoming has not been an obstacle to formulating explanatory models, which have focused on the origin of early public architecture...

2025, Land

Geoarchaeological work and excavations of the Helike Project over the last 30 years in the Helike coastal plain, Gulf of Corinth, have yielded abundant evidence on ancient settlements, as well as the surrounding landscape and environmental changes that resulted from geological phenomena and catastrophic events. The research methods applied by the Helike Project followed a multidisciplinary approach, including combined archaeological excavations and palaeoseismological trenching, geophysical prospection, archaeometric, environmental, and soil micromorphology analyses, and computer-based landscape modelling. A wealth of settlement remains that were unearthed across the plain, ranging in date from the Early Helladic period (3rd millennium BC) to the Late Antiquity (5th century AD), indicates that the ancient inhabitants of the area chose to always resettle in the area by adjusting their ways of living to the geomorphology and natural hazards, prevailing each time. Our results show that disasters in the area increased between the Geometric and Roman times due to severe earthquakes that occurred approximately every 300 years. In particular, archaeological and geological finds recovered from the Late Classical-Hellenistic Helike settlement, which was revived in the western part of the plain shortly after the disastrous 373 BC earthquake, have enriched our knowledge regarding the historical seismicity of the region and past human-environment relationships.

2025, edition in progress

If we want to explore intracultural variation and commonality in the Maya region, we
should first recognize that this region is uniquely situated in Mesoamerica, and even
in the American continent, between two isthmus (Tehuantepec and Honduras),
resulting in its particular role in the long-term, continental circulation of people, goods
and ideas. The Pacific Coast, the Maya Highlands and Lowlands, their northern,
central and southern sections were (and still are) differently opened and connected to
the rest of Mesoamerica and its Central American margins. We propose to study this
variation during the long crisis of the Terminal Classic period (760-950 CE), when
many but not all Maya kingdoms collapsed. Focusing primarily on the Lowland urban
aspect of this dramatic process, we can observe that most cities were progressively or
abruptly abandoned, but a good number were resilient and underwent a substantial
urban activity even during the Early Postclassic period (950-1250). Even if this Early
Postclassic survival was a dead end in most cases (but not all), we propose that their
diverse connections to ancient and new Mesoamerican routes would have been critical
in their relative Classic-to-Postclassic resilience. Likely Maya cultural variation and
political structuration partly depended on differing degrees of openess to the greater
isthmian circulations.

2025, Building an Archaeology of Urbanism. Planning and Flexibility in the American Tropics

After decades of debate, most scholars accept Classic Maya centers as the hearts of spatially expansive, low-density urban settlements. The recent incorporation of models derived from comparative urban research is a positive step for Maya archaeology, since it confronts the view that Maya cities were not only political capitals but also true urban phenomena, and must be treated as such. This volume seeks to explore the dynamics of Maya cities primarily as socioeconomic agglomerations that emerged out of politico-religious centers.
by Damien Marken and Charlotte Arnauld

2025, Practicing Historical Ecology Methods for the Collection, Analysis, and Integration of Interdisciplinary Historical Data

This book is intended to be both a practical guide as well as a thoughtful consideration of the methods, techniques, and underlying concepts of Historical Ecology. Our interest in these subjects reaches back many
decades, and we have, individually and collectively, conducted analysis and managed various projects relating to these intertwined topics. We have learned many lessons and have made our share of mistakes, and we wanted
to produce a useful and practical work that can guide both students and practitioners in this challenging and complex emerging field. While Historical Ecology is gaining broader interest around the world and across many disciplines, we have been surprised at how few publications there have been that focus on how to actually do this work, as opposed to theoretical articles or papers presenting the results of an individual project. Thus, our intention is to provide in one volume an overview of many of the methods, techniques, and data used in the collection, analysis, and integration of complex regional historical projects. This is no small undertaking, and none of us knows enough to do this alone. This book is, like Historical Ecology itself, a group effort, and we hope that this work will find use as both a textbook and a body of work worthy of interest by emerging and established scholars and
practitioners alike. Our goal is to provide an integrated view of these very disparate methods and techniques, based in very different scientific disciplines and academic traditions. Therefore, we present each subject in a fairly standardized manner, in the hope that they can be evaluated consistently by the reader. For each, we present the disciplinary underpinnings and perspectives that underlay it, the basics of the use of these data and techniques, and the methods of collection and analysis. We present examples of our own work, as well as other projects using similar data and analysis techniques. It is important to be realistic regarding the benefits and limitations of these data, and so we also present an honest assessment of what each data type does well and the inevitable limitations that are associated with them as well.

2025, Ancient Arms Race

Sauer, E.W., Nokandeh, J. and Omrani Rekavandi, H. et al. 2022. Ancient Arms Race: Antiquity’s Largest Fortresses and Sasanian Military Networks of Northern Iran. A joint fieldwork project by the Iranian Center for Archaeological Research, the Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism and the University of Edinburgh (2014–2016). British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series VII, Oxford: Oxbow: 2 volumes.

2025, Ancient Arms Race

Ancient Arms Race, Chapter 6: Labbaf-Khaniki, M., Sauer, E.W., Hopper, K., Naskidashvili, D., Shabani, B. and Gagoshidze, D., Post-Sasanian barriers

2025, Ancient Arms Race

2025, Priestman, S., al-Jahwari, N., MacDonald, E. & Kennet, D. 2025: ‘Archaeological exploration of Suhar port in the North Batinah Governate (2023)’, Athar: Bulletin of Archaeological Research in the Sultanate of Oman, 1: 181-187.

Suhar was one of the leading ports in the Indian Ocean during the Abbasid period. With Basra and Siraf, it formed a centre of maritime power in the Gulf and Arabia. The historian and traveller Istakhri, who wrote the Kitab Al Masalik wa Al-Mamalik, and who lived in the 10th century, tells us that Suhar was the biggest and richest town in Oman. He tells us that it is not possible to find a city more rich in buildings and foreign wares than Suhar, and that many merchants live there who trade in ships with other countries. It is known that merchants came to Suhar from China, India and many other places. It is certain that Suhar is the most important location in Oman for the history of the first centuries of Islam. Archaeological research has already been carried out in Suhar, in the 1970s and 1980s,
but there is still much more to learn about this important place. In January 2023 a British and Omani archaeological team led by Seth Priestman visited the town to investigate the remaining archaeological evidence (Fig. 1). A short survey of the town revealed important information about its history. New locations came to light and important new finds of imported Chinese ceramic were made. The British and Omani team is hoping to continue work at Suhar so that the full potential of this important site can be developed.

2025, Castle Studies Group[ Journal

A note on the 2019 excavation of Kilkenny castle's former gatehouse and its implications for understanding of the original plan of William Marshal's castle.... more

2025

Human occupation records in Perú provide historical record of large earthquakes prior to the 20th century. In this study, we extend our knowledge of major events by evaluating the stratigraphy and chronology of sediments exposed in various sectors of the Central Andes. These observations suggests that strong seismic activity occurred during the Quaternary, either along the subduction megathrust or on crustal faults. Indeed in Cusco and Colca regions, ,active faults affect fluvio-glacial and alluvial Holocene to Pliocene deposits. High in the topography, lacustrine deposits as well as Quaternary moraines display multiple geomorphic evidences of displacements ans seismites attesting for regional seismotectonic activity. Similarly along the Peruvian coast, 90 excavations succeeded in identifying for the first time paleo-tsunami deposits in southern Peru. Among them, the most impressive are encountered

2025, Man

This monumental volume consists of eighty-six separate papers (including an 'Introduction' and a 'Conclusion') and represents the work of about that many individual authors. (Some participants presented more than one paper, but this is balanced by a few instances of joint authorship.) The conference was intended to : . . . enable researchers in different disciplines to meet in an attempt to bridge the gaps between them by personal contact and discussion. . . .we envisaged discussion on a very broad front indeed.. . .* The orientation of the conference was archaeological; most of the articles are by archaeologists; and contributions by nonarchaeologists, whether ethnologists, sociologists, geographers, or modern town plannersrelate to this archaeological orientation, by implication if not by specific explication. While the settlement-urban theme and the archaeological orientation unify the effort, a 'very broad front' of interests is, indeed, represented in the collected articles of the volume. This breadth is seen in wide-ranging geographical coverage, a chronological gamut of almost all human history, numerous crossdisciplinary alliances, and varying interpretations of data. Given this omnibus aspect of Man, settlement and urbanism, together with the elephantine size of the book, a reviewer might be

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

2025, Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart

The French Upper Rhine alluvial plain is characterized by a complex system of paleochannels inherited from Late Glacial to Holocene fluvial dynamics of the Rhine and Ill river systems, among other smaller rivers. These paleochannels represent valuable archives for understanding and reconstructing the fluvial and landscape evolution of the area. However, the Holocene temporal trajectories of the paleochannels, in response to a range of environmental changes, remain poorly understood. This study presents a detailed and systematic mapping and characterization of an extensive network of paleochannels spanning the entire width (19 km) of a reach of the central French Rhine plain. Based on qualitative and quantitative lidar analysis, field investigations, and provenance investigations of paleochannel infill sequences, five distinct paleochannel groups (PG 1 to PG 5) were identified in the study area. These paleochannel groups differ considerably regarding their channel patterns, morphological characteristics, and sedimentary sources of the infilling sediments. The interpretation of the different datasets indicates that the development of these different paleomorphologies is attributed to significant changes in hydro-geomorphodynamic processes in the area during the Holocene, especially lateral migrations of the Rhine and Ill rivers. The findings reported here are promising and will have significant implications for reconstructing the long-term (Late Glacial to Holocene) evolution of the Upper Rhine fluvial hydrosystem in response to various controlling factors. Die französische Oberrheinebene ist durch ein komplexes System von ehemaligen Fließrinnen gekennzeichnet, die aus der spätglazialen bis holozänen fluvialen Dynamik des Rhein-und Ill-Systems sowie einiger anderer kleinerer Flüsse stammen. Diese Fließrinnen stellen wertvolle Archive dar, die für das Verständnis und die Rekonstruktion der fluvialen und landschaftlichen Entwicklung des Gebietes von zentraler Bedeutung sind. Die zeitliche Entwicklung der Fließrinnen im Holozän, als Reaktion auf die Veränderung einer Reihe von Umweltbedingungen, ist jedoch nach wie vor nur unzureichend bekannt. Diese Studie präsentiert eine detaillierte und systematische Kartierung Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the Deutsche Quartärvereinigung (DEUQUA) e.V. 192 M. Abdulkarim et al.: Holocene paleochannels in the Upper Rhine plain und Charakterisierung eines ausgedehnten Netzwerks von ehemaligen Fließrinnen, das sich über die gesamte Breite (19 km) eines Abschnitts der zentralen französischen Rheinebene erstreckt. Auf Grundlage von qualitativen und quantitativen lidar-Analysen, sowie durch Feld-und Provenienzuntersuchungen von Sedimentfüllungen wurden im Untersuchungsgebiet fünf verschiedene Rinnengruppen (PG 1 bis PG 5) identifiziert. Diese Gruppen unterscheiden sich erheblich in Bezug auf ihre Rinnenmuster, morphologischen Merkmale und Sedimentherkunft. Die Interpretation der verschiedenen Datensätze deutet darauf hin, dass die Entwicklung dieser unterschiedlichen Paläo-Morphologien auf signifikante Veränderungen der hydro-geomorphodynamischen Prozesse in diesem Gebiet während des Holozäns zurückzuführen ist, insbesondere auf die seitlichen Verlagerungen von Rhein und Ill. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend und bilden die Basis für eine Rekonstruktion der langfristigen (spätglazialen bis holozänen) Entwicklung des fluvialen Oberrhein-Hydrosystems in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren.

2025, M.G. Masetti Rouault et al. (eds), Ancient Western Asia Beyond the Paradigm of Collapse and Regeneration (1200–900 bce)

The contributions here offer new results and interpretations of the processes and outcomes of the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age in three broad regions: Anatolia, northern Mesopotamia, and the Levant. Together, these challenge the notion of a uniform, macroregional collapse throughout the Eastern Mediterranean, followed by the regeneration of political powers. Current research on newly discovered or reinterpreted textual and material evidence from Western Asia instead suggests that this transition was characterized by a diversity of local responses emerging from diverse environmental settings and culture complexes, as evident in the case studies collected here in history, archaeology, and art history. The editors avoid particularism by adopting a regional organization, with the aim of identifying and tracing similar processes and outcomes emerging locally across the three regions. Ultimately, this volume reimagines the Late Bronze-Iron Age transition as the emergence of a set of recursive processes and outcomes nested firmly in the local cultural interactions of western Asia before the beginning of the new, unifying era of Assyrian imperialism"--Provided by publisher.

2025, Bintliff, J. (2024). The Medieval Mediterranean. The Encyclopedia of Archaeology, 2nd Edition, Elsevier.

The Mediterranean during the Medieval era (ca. 400e1500) has been well-studied and over a long period, by historians, art
and architecture specialists, but its archaeology has developed late and remains geographically and chronologically patchy.
Nonetheless, by combining the rising number of archaeological studies with the rich information on material life provided
by these related disciplines, it is now possible to offer an overview of public and private life across these eleven centuries for
town and country.

2025

2025, Bintliff, J. (2023). From farm to region: calculating population from field survey and historic sources in Boeotia. Archaeology and Historical Demography: Methods and Case Studies between Mediterranean and Central Europe. Zwei Kolloquien im Rahmen des Suedeuropadialogs des Deutschen Akademischen ...

sqkm just 136 sites appear in the catalogue. 3 By the early 1970s archaeologists such as Colin Renfrew were using such extensive survey statistics to suggest the equivalent of population graphs. 4 From the later 1970s however Intensive (field by field) Survey became the standard, and it soon showed a vastly denser settled landscape in sites per sqkm detected. 5 There soon followed the revolution of mapping offsite ceramic finds, revealing landscapes where sites appeared surrounded by spreads of artefacts. 6 However there now appeared a range of interpretative issues. The first was 'what is collected?' For example, site catalogues like the otherwise excellent Asea Survey could use one closely-dated sherd out of 1285 to date a particular site's occupation history. 7 The next problem: How large is the site? Does its size change over time? A popular method for estimating site size has been radial transects for density changes to find site edges. It is assumed that maximum site size can be used for all periods found there. On that basis for example, the Argolid Survey produced its chart of fluctuating site 3 W. A.

2025, Israel Journal of Earth Sciences

A paleoseismic analysis of the Nesher fault, a branch of the Yagur fault (the western segment of the Carmel tectonic system), was conducted east of Nesher, at a site where the fault trace crosses a small, abandoned alluvial fan. A 30-m-long and 2-4 m-deep trench excavated in the alluvial fan across the fault trace exposed a steeply northeastward-tilted late Paleocene to Early Eocene chalky-marly sequence on the northern side of the fault and a thick (more than 4 m) alluvial-colluvial sequence on its southern side. Two periods of tectonic activity accompanied by surface deformation were identified along the Nesher fault: 1. Subsidence of a small basin south of the main fault manifested by colluvium that accumulated south of the fault trace and clay, unit 1 that accumulated in a small depression further to the south. The OSL age of unit 1 is 178 ± 20 ka. This small depression was later covered by a horizontal layer of coarse debris flow of unit 2, which has an age of 112 ± 6.2 ka. A slow southward tilting of unit 2 is associated with subsidence of a small depression that was filled by the clay of unit 3. This stage lasted for almost 50 ky and was terminated at about 27 ka, indicating a low average subsidence rate of about 0.06 mm/yr. It is assumed that these two periods of tectonic activity represent the time of seismic activity along the entire Yagur fault. However, since these paleoseismic data are from a small branch of the main fault, the duration of these activity periods as well as the amount of vertical displacement should be considered as minimum values in assessing the seismic hazards in this region.

2025

From 2002 to 2006 about 400ha of the Belgian Polders reclaimed wetlands, in the vicinity of Oostende and Middelkerke, have been surveyed archaeologically in order to establish a methodology to determine efficiently their archaeological value. The surveyed area, perpendicular to the present coastline and stretching from the beach to the sandy region, is 3 to 4km wide and about 7.5 km long. The museum of Walraversijde is the logistical centre for public outreach for the project. The Belgian Polders are very poorly ...

2025, En la España Medieval

Partiendo de la hipótesis, formulada en un artículo anterior, de identificar la actual localidad de Medinaceli (provincia de Soria) con la ciudad romana de Segontia Lanca, en este artículo vamos a estudiar el devenir histórico de esta ciudad entre el año 589, en que es citada por primera vez en las fuentes documentales hispanovisigodas, y el año 1121, cuando se funda el obispado de Sigüenza. Para ello, vamos a analizar las fuentes documentales e históricas que tratan este amplio periodo de más de cinco siglos.
In a previous article we formulated the hypothesis of identifying the current town of Medinaceli (province of Soria) with the ancient roman city of Segontia Lanca. In this article we Will delve into the history of this city from the year 589, it is first mention in Hispano-Visigothic documents, until the year 1121, when the bishopric of Sigüenza is founded. To do this, we are going to analyze the documentary and historical sources that deal with this period of more than five centuries.

2025, Despertaferro

Maria Carme Belarte (ICAC e ICREA), Joan Canela (ICAC), Antoni Corrales (ICAC), Jordi López (ICAC) Revista

2025, Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

En el término municipal de San Miguel de Serrezuela (Ávila), se localizaron a mediados del siglo xx tres esculturas zoomorfas. Dos son verracos vetones, mientras que la tercera escultura ha permanecido prácticamente inédita al no corresponderse formalmente con un verraco, se trata de la «leona» de San Miguel de Serrezuela. Con el fin de solventar el conocimiento parcial de esta pieza, en este artículo se plantea un estudio formal de la misma. Se inicia con un análisis historiográfico de la escultura y se completa con datos morfométricos y fotogramétricos para caracterizar la pieza. Desde este punto, se formula una comparativa con esculturas desde época protohistórica a medieval, tratando de establecer paralelos crono-tipológicos. Todo ello lleva a concluir una posible adscripción de la «leona» a una cronología de la Segunda Edad del Hierro, poseyendo la pieza influencias ibéricas.

2025, Journal of Greek Archaeology

This article deals with a relatively new form of archaeological research in the Mediterranean region – intensive surface survey, coverage of the landscape by teams walking in close order, recording patterns of human activity visible on the landsurface as scatters of pottery and lithics, or building remains. Since 2000, archaeologists from Dutch and Belgian universities working on Mediterranean survey projects have gathered annually to discuss methodological issues in workshops that gradually attracted landscape archaeologists from other European countries and Turkey. On the basis of these discussions, this paper, written by regular workshop contributors and other invited authors with wider Mediterranean experience, aims to evaluate the potential of various approaches to the archaeological surface record in the Mediterranean and provide guidelines for standards of good practice in Mediterranean survey.

2025, e-Forschungsberichte des DAI 2025 Faszikel 1

In 2022 and 2023, the investigations at Kom el-Gir, located in the central northwestern Delta near Buto (Tell el-Faracin), focused on the remains of Graeco-Roman (last third of the 4th century BC–7th century AD) structures built adjacent to and above a monumental enclosure that has not yet been interpreted in detail. Up to now, the earliest layers date to the middle Ptolemaic period (beginning of 2nd century BC) and provide a terminus ante quem for this enormous complex. A series of ovens and
fireplaces used for baking bread and cooking most likely date to the 2nd century AD and belong to one of the most recent phases in this area. The selected contexts belonging to this phase presented here provide an initial insight into the repertoire of pottery used for food production in Kom el-Gir.

2025, Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, XV/1 (2025)

Çalışmamızın konusu oluşturan Telesphoros Heykelciği, Anadolu'da şimdiye kadar tespit edilen beşinci bağımsız mermer Telesphoros heykelciği olarak öne çıkmaktadır. • Anadolu örneklerinin bazı deformasyon ve noksanlıkları mevcutken eserimiz neredeyse kusursuz korunma durumuyla dikkat çekmektedir. • Telesphoros'un kapüşonu üzerinde yer alan yıldız motifiyle bilinen diğer Telesphoros betimlemelerinden ayrışmaktadır. • Çalışmamızın, Telesphoros kültü ile ikonografisine yeni bir perspektif getireceği, çocuk tanrının daha bilinir olmasına bir katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Öz: Telesphoros, kendine has bir ikonografisi olan ve çoğunlukla bir çocuk olarak betimlenen bir tanrıdır. Telesphoros, neredeyse tüm vücudunu saran kukuletalı (cucullus) bir pelerin ile tanımlanır. Tanrının kökeni konusunda fikir birliği olmasa da Batı Anadolu'da çok yoğun bir tapınım gördüğü arkeolojik ve nümismatik verilerle kanıtlanmıştır. Telesphoros'un adının geçtiği en erken epigrafik kalıntı ve en erken nümismatik veri, Pergamon kentini işaret etmektedir. Yunan mitolojisinde yeri bulunmayan Telesphoros, Asklepios ve Hygeia ile birlikte sağaltıcı tanrı rolündedir. Bazı mezar kontekstlerinden hareketle, Telesphoros'un ölüye öteki dünyada eşlik etme ve onu koruma fonksiyonu da bulunduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmamızın konusunu oluşturan Gaye Çarmıklı koleksiyonundan mermer Telesphoros heykeli, alışılagelmiş Telesphoros ikonografisindedir. Eseri Anadolu'da çok az örneği olan mermer Telesphoros heykelciklerinden ayıran iki önemli unsur, kusursuza yakın korunma durumu ve kapüşonundaki yıldız motifidir. Telesphoros kültü ve ikonografisi hakkında bilgiler de sunan çalışmamız, Anadolu'daki Telesphoros kültüne ve çocuk tanrının Anadolu'daki bilinirliğine bir katkı yapmayı amaçlamaktadır.

2025, Koracsászárkori temetkezések Alsópáhok határában

Az Alsópáhok, Tóaljai-dűlő nevű lelőhelyen, az M76 gyorsforgalmi út építéséhez kapcsolódóan a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum megbízásából a Göcseji Múzeum 2021 őszén 2022 második felében végzett a területen próba-, és teljes felületű feltárást. A kutatások legjelentősebb új eredményei a lelőhely nyugati végében elhelyezkedő domb tetején előkerült római, kora császárkori kori temető sírjai (összesen 6) voltak. Több gazdag mellékletű, szórthamvas sír került elő. Az egyik leggazdagabb leletanyaggal rendelkező temetkezés 15 mellékletéből, 12 db terra sigillata edény került elő eredeti helyzetében, de többek között napvilágot látott egy bronzfibula, bronz karperec, mécses, illetve egy ép üveg illatszeres edény is. A próba-, illetve a teljes feltáráson előkerült sírok mellékleteik alapján a kora császárkori, Kr. u. I-II. századra datálható. A leletek fontos információkkal szolgálnak az ókori római életmódról, gazdaságról és kereskedelmi kapcsolatokról.

2025, RISUS - Revista de Inovação e Sustentabilidade

A few thousand years ago, ancient Mesopotamia became the first civilization that engineered water infrastructure to drive native agricultural systems. That civilization created the earliest irrigation systems known to humankind. The ancient Mesopotamians also won success in creating successful irrigation-driven agriculture in arid and semiarid conditions. Paradoxically, this very success with irrigation systems became a major factor that triggered the collapse of ancient Mesopotamia. We can now infer the Mesopotamians failed to understand the crucial relationships between water, soil, crops, and sound agricultural practices. This lack of understanding continues to the present day. The invention of drip irrigation systems has allowed modern humans to claim some measure of sustainable success in agricultural techniques practiced in desert zones, arid areas, etc. Such techniques enable modern agriculturists to attain a fine balance between soil, crops, and water. Drip irrigation systems also promote other forms of modern innovation such as soilless farming methods and practices.

2025

This article uses LiDAR to expose both military and civilian remains in the Wattamolla area.of the Royal National Park south of Sydney. From its inception in 1879 The Royal National Park was earmarked for army training in times of need. Starting with the Boer War then WW1 and in WW2 soldiers were stationed and trained in the park. Under the Deed of Grant (1887) the Trustees were obliged to provide space for the military. This was initially at Loftus where early encampments were held. In WW2 the Royal, as well as being used for training, the army posted a platoon to each of the Fortress Observation Posts at Jibbon, Waterrun, Wattamolla and Garie where they recorded coastal shipping movements.

2025

, their landscapes, and the natural environment is complex and underlies mutual non-material and material fl uxes. Especially challenging is the attempt to reconstruct this relationship in order to understand the role and relevance of Space and Knowledge of Ancient Civilizations, the core theme of the cluster of excellence Exc 264 Topoi, funded from 2007-2019. In this book we present the results of an attempt to use a system-oriented concept of social ecology as tool for interdisciplinary collaboration and integrative research on aspects of human-environmental relationship. In six different inter disciplinary projects the developed social eco logical model is applied and critically discussed.

2025

After a decade of research the functions of circular enclosures of the middle Neolithic are still debated. In a project funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) two of these roundels were excavated in order to learn more about their structure, history of construction, their function as well as their spatial characteristics. Based on high-resolution digital elevation models, possible orientations towards topographical and astronomical features are systematically investigated using a GIS-based visibility analysis and a self-developed tool in Wolfram Mathematica. In this article preliminary results of two (partially) excavated roundels in the northern Forelands of the Harz Mountains are presented.

2025, Forestry

Fossil pollen, stomata and charcoal were examined from a lake sedimentary sequence in the Glen Affric National Nature Reserve, one of the largest areas of remnant native pine woodland in Scotland, in order to assess ecosystem dynamics over the last 11 000 years. Results reveal that pinewood communities have been continuously present in East Glen Affric for the last 8300 years. Pinus sylvestris fi rst arrived in the area around 9900 cal. BP, but occurred in only low abundance for the subsequent 1600 years. Pine populations expanded around 8300 cal. BP and remained in relatively constant abundance throughout the remainder of the Holocene. There is no evidence of a hypothesized regional mid-Holocene ' pine decline ' at the site. Charcoal results reveal that pinewood communities in East Glen Affric do not appear to have been dependent on fi re for either their establishment or their maintenance as has previously been suggested.

2025, Vallesia

Wüstung, Alpen, Mittelalter, Trockenmauern, Abri, 14C-Datierung, Holzkohle

2025, Documenta Praehistorica LII

This paper presents 17 new 14C dates from the tumulus cemetery of Dubac in Jancici, in
western Serbia. Burials were accompanied by bronze personal ornaments and occasionally pottery
vessels. 14C dates are considered together with the stratigraphy, mortuary practices and material cul
ture from the graves in two tumuli in order to explore local mortuary conventions and to set these in
their regional context. It is shown that after being founded in the third millennium BC, the tumuli were
reconfigured and re-used for burials at multi-decade intervals during the 15th to 12h centuries BC.

2025, Archaeological Report on Te Māra Pātengi o Te Wai o Uru

Archaeological Report on Te Māra Pātengi o Te Wai o Uru
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Building 4 and 5
Maurice Paykel Place, East Tāmaki
Authorities #2017/679 & #2021/562

2025, Archaeological Report: Puketutu Rehabilitation Project, Te Motu a Hiaroa

Archaeological Report: Puketutu Rehabilitation Project
Te Motu a Hiaroa
Tāmaki Makaurau
Authorities #2013/284, 2014/88, 2015/874, 2016/453

2025

This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 L'Acqua e gli Etruschi Città, infrastrutture e approdi, tra acque interne e marittime Il diario di ... borGo. Viaggio tra le attività del Progetto (2022-2024) E. Todini 1. SAGGI Volsinii: dal teatro al porto e altri inciampi volsiniesi P. Tamburini Lago di Bolsena: considerazioni sulla gestione delle infrastrutture portuali e delle vie d'acqua interne in epoca etrusca C. Pisu

2025, Money Trend 51-52, 2019-2020

Werfen wir dazu einen Blick auf einige Fundzahlen! Allein auf dem Hauptplatz des antiken Athen, der Agora, wurden so über 50.000 Münzen geborgen. Auch vom Forum in Rom sollen es bis zur Mitte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts über 10.000 Stück gewesen sein. In der schweizerischen Römerstadt Augusta Raurica-Augst bei Basel kamen nur in den Jahren zwischen 1949 und 2012 über 25.000 Einzelfunde zutage. Und in Österreich umfassen die Bestände des Carnuntiner Archäologischen Museums an die 100.000 römische Münzen (nach Chr. Gazdac u.a., In the Shadow of the Heathens' Gate [Cluj-Napoca 2014], S. 8). Davon wurden 38.495 Stück im Rahmen des Sammelwerkes "Die Fundmünzen der römischen Zeit in Österreich" bearbeitet; und 36.251 dieser Münzen waren Einzelfunde. Die Frage, wie solche gewaltigen Mengen zustande kommen, wird schon seit langem gestellt. Die große Zahl von Münzen aller Fundgruppen war bereits dem englischen Historiker William Camden (1551-1623) aufgefallen; er bemerkt dazu: "An Münzen der Römer ... findet sich bei uns ... eine unbegrenzte Menge ... Woher es aber kommt, dass eine so große Menge davon übrig blieb, darüber wunderte ich mich sehr." Erklärlich schien es ihm nur dadurch, dass das Einschmelzen alter Münzen in römischer Zeit verboten gewesen sei (W. Camden, Britannia [Ausgabe London 1617], S. 76). Auch in einem zweiten Werk kam Camden kurz auf das Thema zu sprechen und hob hervor, dass an römischen Münzen "täglich eine große Menge gefunden" werde (W. Camden, Remaines Concerning Brittaine [London 4. Aufl.1629], S. 166). In neuerer Zeit hat der Basler Numismatiker Herbert A. Cahn in einem Aufsatz des Jahres 1942 "die ganze Frage der seltsam häufigen Streufunde aus römischer Zeit" ein "Rätsel" genannt, das "wohl ungelöst bleiben" werde (H. A. Cahn, Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte 33, 1942, S. 140). In einer Arbeit von 1947 kam er darauf zurück und schrieb über die römischen Streufunde: "Es ist noch nicht erklärt, wieso solche ungeheure Men-Im vergangenen Jahr hat unsere Zeitschrift eine Artikelserie veröffentlicht, die gewissermaßen ein Porträt zweier Gruppen römischer Fundmünzen entwarf: der Weihefunde und der Grabfunde. Beide sind wichtige numismatisch-archäologische Quellen und leisten einen wertvollen Beitrag zu unserem Wissen über die Religionsgeschichte des alten Rom. Mit unserer neuen Serie "Ein Rätsel der Numismatik?" wenden wir uns nun einer anderen Fundgruppe zu: der Gruppe der sogenannten Einzelfunde. Auch mit dieser Fundkategorie verbinden sich interessante und kulturgeschichtlich ergiebige Fragen. Ein Hauptthema ist dabei die spannende Suche nach der Erklärung eines Phänomens, das auch schon als ein unlösbares Rätsel bezeichnet wurde.

2025, áitreaḃ NEWSLETTER Group for the Study of Irish Historic Settlement, No. 28

The townland is the smallest administrative unit on the island of Ireland. Each townland possesses a name, and defined boundaries, boundaries which were firmly cemented during the Ordnance Survey of Ireland of the mid-nineteenth century.... more

2025, A. Palamidis et C. Bonnet éd., What’s in a divine name ? Religious systems and human agency in the ancient Mediterranean, Berlin, 2024, p. 435-461.

Stratonikeia's pantheon displays a unique civic profile with two (almost) equally predominant deities in the Roman period: Hekate (in Lagina) and Zeus Panamaros (in Panamara). Only these two deities were called megistoi kai epiphanestatoi. When they are both mentioned, during the events of 81 and 40/39 BCE when they were granted the onomastic attribute megistos.e, they work in a doublet fashion, fuelled by the usual rhetoric for salutary deities after manifesting their energeia (their power in action), to the point where both deities become the epiphanestatoi theoi indiscriminately. And yet some clues point to Zeus coming first. The 'Stratonicean exception' does not reflect a hierarchy in a civic pantheon, but rather two comparable historical situations from which the city drew the best diplomatic advantage by relying on its gods. It explains the relative prominence of Zeus Panamaros, "born" at the same time as the Imperial era as megistos, epiphanestatos and patrios theos, without downgrading Hecate who preceded him in the patronage of the city and served as a model for the construction of his image. τὰ ἀφανῆ τοῖς φανεροῖς τεκμαίρου, Solon Civitas [.. .] Stratonicensium Iovis et Triviae religionem tueba[n]tur. Tacitus 1 Stratonicea is a Carian polis anchored on a Macedonian katoikia (settlement), with an enduring 'indigenous' identity besides its Greek status. 2 Yet its pantheon 3 displays a unique civic profile with two (almost) equally predominant deities in the Roman period: 4 Hekate in Lagina, and Zeus Panamaros in Panamara, whose "invention" dates Open Access.

2025, Archaeological Prospection

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used for many scientific applications, including archaeological surveys. We test the suitability and practicability of UAV surveying in the tropical lowlands of Brazil and techniques for visualizing the resulting digital elevation models, specifically the Red Relief Image Map (RRIM). We present the results of UAV surveys conducted at four diverse archaeological earthwork sites situated in interfluvial southwestern Amazonia, in the state of Acre. The elevation models produced from UAV derived point clouds display clear patterns in the site layouts and reveal subtle intra-site earthwork features that are not easily discernible on the ground. Our study demonstrates that UAVs are cost efficient and give highly detailed results for topographic mapping and visualization of archaeological features when vegetation cover is sufficiently low and sparse. The rapid data capture and lack of spatial sampling bias of the UAV data collection is a significant advantage compared to conventional mapping methods. Furthermore, UAV surveying and UAV derived data processing do not require expensive technologies or specialized user expertise, since open-source software and easy-to-use toolkits are readily available.

2025, Journal of Field Archaeology

Amazonian earthworks, which are an important testimony to ancient anthropogenic landscape modifications, have a significant variety of structures and sizes, and are found in different geographical and ecological locations that indicate separate time periods, distinct cultural affiliations, and diverse purposes. We introduce data from diverse archaeological earthwork sites, geoglyphs, mound sites, and walled enclosures, situated in the interfluves of the Purus River in the Brazilian state of Acre and propose a type definition for these sites. The profuse anthropogenic landscape features and their associated material culture indicate considerable human-induced environmental alterations and diverse earthworking traditions that are characteristic of the region of eastern Acre from at least ca. 2000 B.P. onwards.

2025, Arts and Humanities in Higher Education

C o l l e c t i n g to g e t h e r t h e articles for this Special Issue, 'What Matters in . . . (Art, English, History, Philosophy, etc.)?' has sparked unexpected resonances for me and prompted new perspectives about the shape and future of these disciplines and about the nature of disciplinarity itself. As did the original lecture series from which the papers were drawn: the special plenary lectures given for the University of Cambridge International Summer Schools in 2004 and 2005. The International Summer Schools courses cover and combine every discipline, ranging from architectural history and international politics to ancient mathematics, Elizabethan poetry and maritime expansion. This plenary lecture series is also open to all members of the university and a surprising number of them attend, perhaps because they are curious to see how a colleague tackles an immense and important subject in around 45 minutes, making it accessible to non-specialists of all backgrounds and any one of 50 nationalities. It's the academic equivalent of watching a fellow high-wire walker at work, and there's always the frisson of excitement to see whether he or she will slip or will (more likely) thrill with a veritable tour de force, a highly satisfying performance that leaves us breathless in admiration for a job well done! The speakers in these series -represented by the authors of this collection of papers -despite their immensely full diaries, exhibit a certain generosity of spirit: they give back, share their time. They know it matters that they have great enthusiasm for their subject. Because it matters to them, they want to explore and share it: among real scholars is an openness to the responses and interests of others. Everyone who agreed to write has had to prepare, and then to re-think, revise opinions -to decide what is appropriate to the readership and whether they still hold by their first formulations. Those of us who now read these papers necessarily become involved in the process and progress of that scholarship, whether we respond by writing notes in the margin, discussing the content with colleagues, re-thinking our own discipline because of something we have read about someone else's, or by writing the next book on the subject ourselves.