Language Variation Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, ArXiv

This paper presents TextComplexityDE, a dataset consisting of 1000 sentences in German language taken from 23 Wikipedia articles in 3 different article-genres to be used for developing text-complexity predictor models and automatic text simplification in German language. The dataset includes subjective assessment of different text-complexity aspects provided by German learners in level A and B. In addition, it contains manual simplification of 250 of those sentences provided by native speakers and subjective assessment of the simplified sentences by participants from the target group. The subjective ratings were collected using both laboratory studies and crowdsourcing approach.

2025, The journal of Archaeology & Heritage studies, Vol 3 Issue I

This rock inscription is located at the Natagane archaeological site near Wariyapola, this location is a densely forested mountain in Kurunegala district in Sri Lanka, and it had belonged to the 16th-century A.D, which was written as six letter lines with the symbols of the sun and the moon on the both sides, and found there are several various inscriptions, such as cave, slab inscriptions etc., and which contains very important historical information, according to this, there is notable fact that a proclamation had mentioned prohibiting the killing of wild animals in the area, it states that monkeys, toque macaque and bats should not be killed in particularly, the edict was said to have been issued to pay homage to King Veediya Bandara, King Dharmapala, and Kadurugama Arachchi, such an announcement was unable to find in any other inscription found in Sri Lanka, this document is very important in the study of the history as it contains a significant amount of place names, personal names, and social information.

2025, ESTUDIOS DE LENGUAS. LENGUAS EXTRANJERAS EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR

As anáforas são expressões capazes de reativar a referência de termos anteriores ou posteriores, contribuindo com a continuidade tópica e referencial do discurso (Koch, 1989), e ao lermos, sua resolução nos permite relacionari nformação nova com aquela previamente apresentada no texto (Pretorius, 2005). Sua abordagem é tradicional na aula de língua estrangeira, mas as propostas didáticas estruturalistas têm focado só no seu aspecto sintático. No entanto, desde uma perspectiva interacionista da linguagem, é necessário discutir como ensiná-las enquanto mecanismo de construção de sentidos (Cristovão, 2015). Para isso, no marco da intercompreensão, analisamos as possibilidades de seu tratamento em um curso de compreensão leitora em português e francês na Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación da Universidad de la República (Uruguay).

2025, English Today

The present paper provides a small-scale exploratory analysis of L2 English pronunciation and accent aims among secondary school students in Germany-with a focus on the BATH and LOT vowels, rhoticity, and T-flapping. The eight learners investigated in the current study show blended use of Standard Southern British English (StSBrE) and Standard American (StAmE) phonological variants with relatively high degrees of variation between learners. StSBrE-oriented productions were dominant overall. Agreement of accent aim and L2 pronunciation was largely feature-dependent and limited overall but varied between learners.

2025

Detecting the fall of a person in indoor environment is a challenging issue especially for elderly and sick living alone. Cameras can continuously observes the scene and require little interaction with the user and therefore, are well suited for fall detection. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based framework for fall detection and classification. Further, different machine learning methods namely, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and decision tree have also been applied, after extracting important features to detect and classify the fall of a person. We compare our deep learning based framework with SVM and decision tree as well as other state-of-the-art methods. Two different publicly available datasets have been considered for performing the experiments. The experimental evaluation of our deep learning based proposed framework gives promising results and is comparable with other state-of-the-art methods.

2025

2025, Linguistica Atlantica

2025, Abuja Journal of Humanities

This study investigates the influence of social variation on English language learning within the Nigerian Air Force (NAF), focusing on how social variables-such as class, gender, educational attainment, and duration of stay-affect language acquisition and communicative performance among military personnel and civilian staff. Drawing upon Basil Bernstein's Code Theory, the research explores the distinction between restricted and elaborated language codes in the hierarchical, regimented context of the Kaduna NAF Base. Employing a descriptive survey design, data were gathered from 200 participants through structured questionnaires. The responses were quantitatively analysed using tabular presentations and single-factor ANOVA tests to evaluate statistical significance across key social categories. The findings revealed that individuals of higher social status, particularly commissioned officers, demonstrated greater proficiency in Standard English, attributable to enhanced access to formal education and professional training. Duration of stay at military installations significantly impacted language development, with longer residency correlating with higher linguistic competence. Moreover, the quality of instructional personnel emerged as a vital determinant of language learning outcomes, especially for individuals engaged in structured educational programmes within the base. Gender-based disparities also surfaced, with societal biases favouring male linguistic competence, particularly in military contexts characterised by patriarchal structures and occupational role expectations. This study offers fresh perspectives in military sociolinguistic research by underscoring the implications of social hierarchy, institutional training, and cultural norms on language acquisition. It further advances scholarship in Code Theory by demonstrating how elaborated and restricted codes are unequally distributed among different strata within a controlled, professional community. The work advocates for equitable access to language instruction, gender-sensitive policy reforms, and the promotion of inclusive communicative practices within military settings. These insights are crucial for informing language policy in structured environments and improving overall communication efficiency among diverse occupational and social groups within the armed forces.

2025, 5th Biannual Meeting of the NUPFFALE Research Group. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – Centro de Comunicação e Expressão

(English Abstract) This study presents a Layered Model for L2-accent learning which aims to go beyond standard accents of second language (L2) textbooks. A wide review of literature was conducted combining knowledge from several fi elds,... more

2025, Dissertação

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar quais variáveis atuam, ainda, para a manutenção dos verbos haver e existir em construções existenciais na fala culta fortalezense juntamente a ter, variante inovadora. Para isso, utilizamos como aporte teórico-metodológico os pressupostos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística (WEINREINCH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006; LABOV, 1994, 2001, 2008) e as orientações de Guy e Zilles (2007) sobre as análises estatísticas do VARBRUL. Os dados utilizados foram extraídos da fala de 50 informantes, selecionadas a partir do banco de dados Projeto Descrição do Português Oral Culto de Fortaleza - PORCUFORT, distribuídos nas entrevistas do tipo D2 (Diálogo entre Dois Informantes), DID (Diálogo entre Informante e Documentador) e EF (Elocuções Formais). Controlamos as variáveis linguísticas: traço semântico do sintagma nominal (doravante SN), preenchimento de elementos à esquerda do verbo, tipo de oração, posição do SN, peso do SN, tempo e modo verbal, presença de modalizador, repetição do verbo no mesmo enunciado, e concordância entre o verbo e o SN; e, as extralinguísticas: sexo, faixa etária e tipo de registro. Chegamos a um total de 2.660 dados e confirmamos nossa hipótese inicial segundo a qual o verbo ter exibiria um índice percentual maior que dos demais verbos com (67,9%) dos dados, contra (17,3%) de haver e (14,7%) para existir. Testamos os grupos de fatores em doze análises binárias com haver vs. ter, existir vs. ter, haver vs. existir, sendo três dessas análises com dados gerais; três apenas com dados dos D2; três análises com dados dos DID; e as últimas três análises com dados dos EF. Verificamos que os fatores aliados de ter são os tempos do presente, presença de elementos à esquerda do verbo, tipo de registro D2, sexo masculino e a faixa etária I. Para o verbo haver, os fatores traço semântico do SN [-animado], os tempos no passado, a repetição do verbo no mesmo enunciado, o sexo feminino, a faixa etária III e o tipo de registro EF são os que lhe beneficiam. O verbo existir foi fortemente favorecido pelos fatores traço semântico [+animado], o tempo verbal presente, concordância verbo plural → SN plural, o sexo masculino e os tipos de registro EF e D2. Concluímos que o falar culto de Fortaleza-CE não se diferencia dos demais falares do país, ou seja, o fenômeno variável dos verbos existenciais apresenta-se unificado no PB, sendo que, no falar culto de Fortaleza-CE da década de 1990, constatamos apenas uma variação estável, além de considerarmos a variação em pauta, um marcador linguístico.

2025, Tese de Doutorado

Esta pesquisa estudou a variação entre verbos ter, haver e existir em sentido existencial no falar culto da cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará e da cidade de Funchal, Ilha da Madeira e verificou quais crenças, percepções, avaliações e atitudes linguísticas seus respectivos falantes têm sobre os usos desses verbos, à luz da sociolinguística variacionista. Para isso, utilizamos, como aporte teórico-metodológico, os pressupostos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística (LABOV, 1963, 1978, 1994, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010; WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006); as orientações de Gries (2019), Guy e Zilles (2007) e Oushiro (2017) sobre as análises estatísticas; e Campbell-Kibler (2009, 2010), Oushiro (2021) e Sene (2019) sobre as percepções e atitudes na sociolinguística. Os dados de fala são oriundos de bancos de dados já constituídos, a saber, o Projeto Descrição do Português Oral Culto de Fortaleza – PORCUFORT e do Corpus Sociolinguístico do Funchal – CSF. Os dados de percepções e atitudes são oriundos de um teste aplicado a fortalezenses e funchalenses no período de novembro de 2021 a maio de 2022, coletados on-line e criados na plataforma Qualtrics®. Para as análises de fala, controlamos variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas de efeitos fixos e mistos com ajuda do software RStudio. Como resultados da produção linguística de Fortaleza-CE, encontramos 13 sentidos/valores/contextos expressos pelos verbos ter, haver e existir. Enquanto existenciais, obtivemos 3,6% de dados para haver, 89,5% para ter e 6,8% para existir, gerando uma regra semicategórica entre ter e haver e um estágio de mudança em progresso no sentido de ter suplantar haver no sentido existencial. Na análise multinomial com efeitos mistos, apenas a variável linguística traço semântico do SN se apresentou estatisticamente significativa entre haver e ter e haver e existir. Os resultados do teste de atitudes linguísticas nos dizem que, de um modo geral, os falantes utilizam o verbo haver, mas somente em situações específicas de formalidade e polimento; com sentido de existir, no presente, e de acontecer, no passado, assim como, no uso de haver como tempo decorrido; o uso de existir é mais frequente no tempo presente e no infinitivo e diretamente relacionado à existência efetiva de algo ou alguém. Como resultados de produção de Funchal, encontramos também 13 sentidos/valores/contextos gerais para as variantes. Enquanto existenciais, encontramos 31% de ocorrências de ter, 54,2% de haver e 14,8% de existir e uma variação estável entre ter e haver. Na análise multinomial com efeitos mistos, somente as variáveis animacidade e faixa etária se apresentaram estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados do teste de atitudes linguísticas nos dizem que a noção de existência de seres e pessoas é bastante variável e possível entre haver e existir, entretanto, existir está mais ligado a sintagmas que estejam relacionados à “existência visual”, “viver, ser, estar” e “presença física”, além disso, ter está ligado a um uso de descuido com a linguagem, falta de domínio da língua; atrelaram ao verbo ter à informalidade junto ao verbo existir em relação a haver, pois, enquanto haver é considerado formal, ter e existir são considerados informais.

2025, Language Art / Honar Zaban

In the last sections of the Muqaddima, Ibn Khaldūn deals with some general issues related to languages, then he focuses on the Arabic language by writing a different outline from the one grammarians usually give. As a matter of fact, they are bound to a static representation of the linguistic reality, which ultimately includes only one language, that of the origins, harmonious and perfect, whose distinctive feature is the ’i‘rāb. Anything else is considered by them just as a corrupt form, a barbarization of this one language. The attention to historical and social changes, instead, allowed Ibn Khaldūn to elaborate a more dynamic model which embraces the idea of variation, not only synchronically, as it is for grammarians, also diachronically. Within this model the idea of corruption is just the beginning of a process of linguistic transformation that led to the appearance of at least three independent varieties of Arabic, each one with its own features.

2025, Westminster Theological Journal

Why is the word "hear" ‫)ִׁשְמָע(‬ repeated ten times in Nehemiah's memoir? This article argues that the literary motif of "hearing" ‫)ִׁשְמָע(‬ serves important structural and thematic roles within the narratives of Neh 1-7. First, the motif governs the development of the narratives regarding the rebuilding of the Jerusalem wall. Second, "hearing" also marks the various attempts to retard the progress of the rebuilding. Third, this literary trope plays a role in manifesting Nehemiah's darker side, which is most evident in chs. 5 and 13. Finally, this literary trope also signals the intensification of opposition to Nehemiah's work by external enemies. Attention is also paid to how Nehemiah's "hearing" differs from that of his adversaries and what the leitmotif reveals about Nehemiah and his antagonists.

2025

This paper sets out to empirically test variation in the success rates of French and English loanwords in the two main varieties of Dutch, Belgian Dutch and Netherlandic Dutch. Crucially, we adopt a usage-based onomasiological perspective, taking the concept expressed by the loanword as starting point. This allows us to overcome a number of methodological issues present in existing loanword research (such as topic specificity; Zenner & Kristiansen 2013). Specifically, we calculate the relative preference for the loanword vis-à-vis alternative lexicalisations for a given concept , as is demonstrated in Table for the concept OVERHEMD '(dress) shirt'.

2025

De twee voornaamste nationale variëteiten van het Nederlands zijn Nederlands Nederlands en Belgisch Nederlands (gesproken in Vlaanderen). Het linguïstische standaardisatieproces kende een verschillend verloop in de twee regio's. Terwijl Nederland onafhankelijk een standaard variant van het Nederlands ontwikkelde, werd het standaardisatieproces van het Belgisch Nederlands opgehouden door de invloed van het Frans. Wanneer Vlaanderen het standaardisatieproces hervatte, werd convergentie met de (gevestigde) Nederlands-Nederlandse norm bevorderd met het oog op een uniform Standaardnederlands (Geeraerts, 2003). Om de convergentie tussen de twee nationale variëteiten te meten vergelijken we de woordkeuze voor emotie-, ICT-en verkeersconcepten. Deze studie vormt zo een vervolgstudie van Geeraerts et al. (1999van Geeraerts et al. ( ), waarin uniforimteitsgraden voor voetbal-en kledingtermen in 1950van Geeraerts et al. ( , 1970van Geeraerts et al. ( en 1990 werden bestudeerd. werden bestudeerd.

2025

Research question – In the framework of Cognitive Sociolinguistics, this study empirically tests to what extent there is lectally structured onomasiological variation in the Chinese lexicon and specifically, to what extent such lexical variation is influenced by features of the concepts. Background – With decontextualized evidence from dialect dictionaries and psychometric data, previous studies in Cognitive Sociolinguistics have shown the impact of concept characteristics on lexical diversity in language varieties (e.g. Speelman & Geeraerts 2008; Franco et al. 2019). The present study intends to provide additional quantitative corpus-based evidence for the hypothesis that lexical variation is constrained by lectal features and also by features of the concepts to be named. Material – The data for the present study is taken from the ‘Tagged Chinese Gigaword Corpus’ (Huang 2009), which is a newswire corpus containing texts from three regional varieties of Chinese, i.e. Mainland, Taiwa...

2025

Having more than one national variety, Dutch is considered a pluricentric language (Clyne, 1992). The main national varieties are Netherlandic Dutch (spoken in the Netherlands) and Belgian Dutch (spoken in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium). Interestingly, the process of linguistic standardization evolved differently in both regions. While the Netherlands independently developed a standard variant of Dutch, the standardization process of Belgian Dutch was delayed due to the influence of French. When the standardization of Dutch in Flanders resumed its process, an explicit exonormative orientation was adopted. Instead of developing a Belgian Dutch standard, convergence with the (long established) Netherlandic Dutch norm was promoted, aiming for a uniform Standard Dutch . To measure the convergence between the two national varieties, we will compare the word choice in the lexical field of sins and virtues. As such, this study represents a followup of Geeraerts et al. (1999), which looked at uniformity levels for clothing and football concepts in 1950, 1970 and 1990. The study confirmed the tendency of convergence between the two national varieties over the investigated time span and its attribution to the exonormative orientation of Belgian Dutch. In addition, from a synchronic point of view the distance between the standard and substandard language was distinguished as larger in Belgium than in the Netherlands. Although the results are readily interpretable and largely parallel for both lexical fields, their extrapolation to other lexical fields or other parts of speech requires further research. For instance, building on this tradition, Impe and Speelman (2007) investigate the role of attitudes vis-à-vis different varieties of Belgian Dutch and Plevoets (2008) zooms in on the morphological characteristics of the substandard Belgian Dutch variety, also called Colloquial Belgian Dutch (CBD). CBD is also elaborated on more generally in Geeraerts ( ) and from a lexical point of view in . Closer to the original study of are for instance Grondelaers et al. (2001b), through their inclusion of content words and prepositions, and the exploration of the methodological possibilities in lexical lectometry by Ruette (2012). Then, with the extension to sins and virtues, we acquire not only more data (i.e. a new lexical field), but we can also examine the role of part of speech and the impact of the lexical field itself. This paper sets out to empirically test to what extent there currently is convergence between Belgian Dutch and Netherlandic Dutch, both in the standard and in the substandard language variety. Focusing on lexical uniformity, we rely on the onomasiological measure of lexical variation designed by , which calculates the differences in lexicalization preferences for a given concept in the two regions. For example, Table

2025

The focus of Cognitive Sociolinguistics (Geeraerts, Kristiansen, Peirsman 2010) on the social grounding of language has made it the locus for a rapprochement between Cognitive Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis, and thus spawned a number of cognitively inspired studies on the construal and framing of politics and identity in discourse . However, whereas Cognitive Sociolinguistics also stresses the need for a usage-based, quantitative methodology, studies in Critical Discourse Analysis still mainly rely on qualitative analysis and relatively small data sets. Although the complexity of semantic and pragmatic discourse phenomena necessarily involves a fair amount of interpretative analysis, we will argue that quantitative methods can help to strengthen the empirical base of discourse studies. In previous work (Peirsman, Heylen & Geeraerts 2010), we have shown how Semantic Vector Spaces can serve as an explorative tool to investigate in large data collections which wording is used to construe attitudes towards religions and how these change over time. In this paper we extend this work and use Semantic Vector Spaces to identify construal patterns in immigration discourse and we analyze the construal on the more fine grained level of specific utterances. As a case study, we look at immigration discourse in Belgium and the Netherlands in the period that both countries experienced a break-through of political parties with a strong anti-immigration platform (Vlaams Blok in Belgium in 1999 and Lijst Pim Fortuyn in the Netherlands in 2002). In a 1.3 million word corpus of Dutch and Belgian newspapers from 1999 to 2005, we collect the occurrences of lexemes referring to the concept IMMIGRANT in Dutch: allochtoon, vreemdeling, (im)migrant, buitenlander, nieuwkomer. We use Semantic Vector Spaces both on a type-level and a token-level (Turney & Pantel 2010, Heylen,Speelman & Geeraerts 2012) to structure the meaning relations between the lexemes and between their occurrences based on the similarity of their contextual usage. Multi Dimensional Scaling allows us to represent these contextual similarities in a 2-dimensional semantic space. Using an interactive visualization, we can then analyze the different construal patterns and their contextual realizations, the differences between the Netherlands and Belgium and between different newspapers, as well as the change in the construal patterns from 1999 to 2005. In both countries, the contextual usage of the lexemes shows an initial focus on three topics: (1) the effect of immigration problems on the local political system (election results, voting rights); (2) racism and discrimination as an ethical issue; (3) immigrants and crime. Although these topics remain in the discourse, there is a clear shifts to two new topics towards the middle of the decade: (1) a more practical discussion of how to increase the socio-economic opportunities of immigrants; (2) a focus on new immigration (as opposed to the immigrant population from the wave of immigration in the 50s, 60s and 70s). In general, this shift occurs later in the Netherlands then in Belgium, and more clearly in the highbrow newspapers then in the popular press

2025

Representations of spoken discourse must accommodate the phenomenon of simultaneous speech. Linguists and other social scientists have employed numerous transcription conventions for exhibiting the temporal interleaving of multi-speaker talk (e.g. Atkinson and Heritage, 1984; Schiffrin, 1994; Leech et al., 1995; Carter, 2004; MICASE, 2004). Most of these conventions are mutually incompatible. The existence of many different systems is evidence that representing turn-taking in natural dialogue remains a problematic issue. The present study discusses a novel orthographic transcription layout which records how participants contribute to the stream of spoken events based on word timings. To test this method, the Maptask corpus (Anderson et al., 1991) was used because it contains unusually precise information on the timings of vocal events. Using the term vocable to denote words and a small number of short phrases, every vocable in the Maptask corpus has its onset and ending time recorde...

2025, Language Variation and Change

Although formulated by Weinreich, Labov, and Herzog in 1968, the actuation problem has remained an unsolved problem in understanding sound change: if sound change is conceived as the accumulation of coarticulation, and coarticulation is widespread, how can some speech communities resist phonetic pressure to change? We present data from American English s-retraction that suggest a partial solution. S-retraction is the phenomenon in which /s/ is realized as an [ʃ]-like sound, especially when it occurs in an /stɹ/ cluster (‘street’ pronounced more like [ʃtɹit] than like [stɹit]). The speech of English speakers judgednotto exhibit s-retraction shows a large coarticulatory bias in the direction of retraction. Further, there is also substantial interspeaker variation in the extent of this bias. We propose that this interspeaker variation, coupled with the coarticulatory bias, facilitates the initiation of sound change. In this account, sound change begins when a listener accidentally inte...

2025

Resum. L'espanyol atlàntic: Revitalització d'un concepte metodològic des de la dialectologia. Aquest treball analitza les principals aportacions teòriques que, des de l'àmbit dialectològic, han aparegut entorn del concepte d'espanyol atlàntic. En primer lloc, es discuteix la vigència d'una disciplina tradicional, com la dialectologia, dins del panorama de la lingüística moderna i en relació amb altres disciplines complementàries, com la sociolingüística i la geolingüística. La secció principal de l'article fa un recorregut per la gènesi del concepte d'espanyol atlàntic, avalua la seva pervivència en l'actualitat i pretén caracteritzar el sistema dialectal espanyol. Finalment, s'exposen les principals conclusions que es desprenen de la revisió teòrica d'aquesta noció.

2025, Editora UASD

Se trata del primer estudio dedicado exclusivamente al habla culta dominicana cuyos datos han sido obtenidos mediante grabaciones magnetofónicas mediante los cuales se ofrece una versión cuantificada de la conducta lingüística en las personas del nivel sociocultural alto. Se descubre aquí que en cuanto a la pronunciacion de la /-s/ en posición final de sílaba y de palabra no es la aspiración faríngea /-h/ la que predomina, sino la elisión completa o cero fonético /-Ø/. Se presentan, además, otras características que indican las tendencias del habla culta cominicana

2025, R-atics 8. An international workshop for all researchers working on the variation of /r/, within and between languages.

AbstractNew Zealand English (NZE) is generally non-rhotic, where word-and syllable-initial /ɹ/ is usually produced as an approximant (cf. (Heyne et al., 2020)). NZE has non-rhotic English r-sandhi including linking [ɹ] in non-high vowels across word boundaries (e.g., far_away), across-word intrusive [ɹ] (e.g., claw_and bite), and within-word intrusive [ɹ] (e.g., salsa_ing). NZE r-sandhi had been studied acoustically (Hay & Sudbury, 2005; Hay & Maclagan, 2012), and perceptually (Hay, Drager, & Gibson, 2018). Here we present a combined articulatory (ultrasound tongue) and acoustic analysis of NZE r-sandhi from Auckland, a region undergoing increased rhotacization. We hypothesized that r-sandhi productions involve less complex tongue shapes, higher F3, and shorter durations than medial [ɹ], and that younger Aucklanders rhotacize more than older Aucklanders. Methods: Data was collected in 2017 and 2018 at the MOTAT science fair in Auckland from 66 people aged 3-48 (mean = 16.8, SD = 13.5) (31 female), forty-seven (47) of which were native NZE speakers or very young arrivals and produced clear ultrasound images including medial [ɹ] productions. Data was recorded using a General Electric Logiq E V11 ultrasound with an 8CRS ultrasound probe and a Sennheiser MKH 416 shotgun microphone. Data were captured using an Epiphan VGA2USB pro frame grabber and a Sound Devices LLC USB Pre 2 preamp. Stimuli included words/phrases with 8 medial [ɹ] controls, 7 linking [ɹ], 4 across-word intrusive [ɹ], and 5 withinword intrusive [ɹ] environments. Analysis included expertidentified [ɹ] production counts, measures of modified curvature index (MCI) (Dawson, Tiede, & Whalen, 2016)] to identify "r-like ness" through tongue shape complexity, F3, and Montreal forced-aligner identified acoustic duration. Recordings took place with consenting parents and assenting children (HEC 2017/22 R1). Participants read stimuli once during a 2-3-minutelong session. Results: Results show 43.9% linking [ɹ], 28.0% within-word, and 4.3% across-word intrusive [ɹ] production frequencies. MCI values were lower (less complex) for linking than medial [ɹ], and higher (more complex) amongst younger speakers. F3 values were higher for linking than medial [ɹ]. Acoustic durations were longest for medial, then linking, then within-word intrusive, and lastly across-word intrusive [ɹ]. Discussion: The results show a pattern of r-sandhi that generally fits our hypotheses, with evidence of increased rhotacization amongst younger Aucklanders. We could not replicate Hay & Maclagan (2012) in that we could not find evidence that those who produced more r-sandhi tokens also produced more "r-like" productions than those who produced fewer r-sandhi tokens. ReferencesDawson, K. M., Tiede, M. K., & Whalen, D. (2016). Methods for quantifying tongue shape and complexity using ultrasound imaging.

2025

It is generally assumed that sound changes target classes of features, rather than phonemes. Here I shall argue that while this is true of segmental features, tone changes (with one exception) do not take place by feature. This leads us to claim that tones should not be defined in terms of features, but instead should be viewed as indivisible units. If the widely held view were correct that tones should be represented by matrices of features (and that contour tones consist of sequences of such matrices), we would expect historical change to affect tones AS SERIES, as it does in the case of consonants. The extensive literature and my own comparative field work on the evolution of tonal systems in Asian languages show that tones typically evolve independently of one another. The one exception occurs when the merger of two (rarely three) series of initial consonants leads to the phonologization of a pitch feature on a vowel. In this case, analyses such as and , where one feature represents the proto-tonal opposition and another feature represents the feature contributed by the consonant, can be maintained. However, once the tone system is fully constituted, each tone follows its own path and this individual evolution constitutes a counter-example for a feature analysis of purely tonal systems.

2025

APOSTILA DE BRAZILIAN JIU JITSU

2025

for fruitful exchanges on the structure of Irish, Lithuanian and Polish. Aspects of this book have benefited greatly too from stimulating interactions on topics that it explores, i.e. language acquisition, contact, ecology, history, transmission and variation with colleagues and friends in these fields whose own work I greatly admire. They include Dave Britain,

2025

800x600 O presente trabalho objetiva descrever o uso de verbos com sentido existencial atraves do tempo no portugues, analisando, como corpus , manuscritos do seculo XVIII, XIX e XX, escritos por pernambucanos, e usando, como metodologia, a quantificacao da Sociolinguistica Variacionista (cf. LABOV, 1994). Os resultados indicam que, pelo menos, desde o seculo XVIII ha a variacao entre ser , haver , ter e existir para indicar estruturas existenciais no portugues, mas, desde essa epoca, ha uma saliencia de estruturas com haver , o que corrobora estudos ja feitos sobre o tema que indicam que, no portugues brasileiro atual, ha uma robustez de dados com haver em estruturas existenciais na escrita, em detrimento da fala, onde estruturas com ter sao mais produtivas. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-styl...

2025, Caplletra, 78

El artículo analiza los valores pragmaestilísticos del pretérito imperfecto y pluscuamperfecto en los textos informativos periodísticos desde la perspectiva de la evidencialidad. A partir de un corpus de noticias procedentes de los principales diarios españoles, se ofrecen los resultados en torno a estos tiempos verbales como signos de evidencialidad que contribuyen a determinar la posición del narrador respecto a las fuentes sobre las que se elabora el discurso informativo y al contenido del mensaje. En esta línea, aparecen tres grandes modelos de marcos reproductores centrados en el pasado: el constituido a partir de estructuras vinculadas con el estilo
directo e indirecto, el que reproduce un acto de comunicación señalado por una referencia nominal y el que apunta a la vertiente descriptiva frente a la secuencia narrativa dominante.

2025

Jawi script is a script that has the Arabic influence. In the past, these writings are widely used by the Malay community as well as foreigners who have diplomatic relations, business, missionary and such. At that time, the Malay language is the lingua franca of this region. So there are many Malay heritages such as manuscripts, religious books, letters, documents and other agreements in the Jawi script. There are significant needs to do the transliteration of the Jawi text on the materials to Malay Roman. Thus, research on machine transliteration will help the effort. Many researches in machine transliteration in the world for high-level language have been done; such as English, European, and Asia languages such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Arabic. However the research in the context of the Malay language is still lacking, especially those involving the Romanized transliteration of Jawi. Jawi writing is quite different from the Urdu and Arabic although they share the same chara...

2025

Aquest article aporta els primers resultats sobre l'estudi dels trets melòdics bàsics del parlar del pallarès. La investigació, de caràcter experimental, s'ha dut a terme al Laboratori de Fonètica Aplicada de la Universitat de Barcelona i està format per 96 enunciats de parla espontània emesos per 21 informants de diferents zones del Pallars Sobirà i del Pallars Jussà. S'han obtingut contorns dels sis primers patrons entonatius descrits en el català, i també diversos trets d'èmfasi bàsics . Cal destacar la identificació de dos tipus d'èmfasi que, fins ara, només s'havien descrit per al menorquí: èmfasi de paraula ascendent-descendent i de paraula descendent-ascendent. PARAULES CLAU: patrons entonatius, subdialectes pallarès, èmfasi melòdic. Este artículo presenta los primeros resultados sobre el estudio de los patrones entonativos básicos de la habla del "pallarès". La investigación, de carácter experimental, se ha llevado a

2025, Research Journal in Advanced Humanities

Limola language in Sassa Village, Baebunta District, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, is included in the minority language with a critical language status. The dominance of other languages makes this language have an alternative name, namely Lemolang language. This name was given by Tae language speakers who are more dominant in North Luwu Regency. This dominance makes the name Lemolang better known than Limola. This is because the people in Sassa Village prefer to use Tae language in everyday communication. In connection with this, this study examines language variations in Sassa Village. This aims to correct the name of the Lemolang language to Limola empirically. In addition, this study also aims to identify the language situation in Sassa Village. The research method uses a mixed method, both quantitative and qualitative. Data collection techniques include interviews and direct observation. Data analysis of this study was carried out using a dialectological and sociolinguistic approach. The results of the study show that Sassa Village has five languages, namely Limola, Tae, Rampi, Javanese, and Sasak. The many language variations in Sassa Village are due to the presence of immigrants through the transmigration program in the past.

2025, King Saud University

This study aims to establish phonetic and sociolinguistic aspects of Hiberno-English with a focus on vowel variation. Utilizing a three-pronged methodology encompassing a literature review, data collection through high-quality audio equipment, and descriptive analysis via software tools like Praat and Audacity, the research identifies significant phonetic shifts in vowels such as /ɪ/, /ɑ:/, and /ae/ that clearly distinguish Hiberno-English. These variations in sounds are shaped by social, geographical, and cultural factors. This shows the impact of the phonetics on sociolinguistics and the formation of dialects. The novel method, mixing isolated vowel articulation, formal elocution, and unrehearsed dialogues, offers an overall understanding of Hiberno-English vowel sounds. The results show that Hiberno-English phonetics are undergoing a process of evolution, taking their cue from globalization, media, and migration, which points to a dynamic dialect in which new elements have been introduced without losing their character. The thematic analysis explores the sociolinguistic setting of Ireland, looking at the case of regional dialects, social mobility, globalization, and code-switching. By comparing the acquired data against standards, such as those supplied by Ladefoged (2006), this research contributes to comparative phonetics and, in general, the linguistic discipline.

2025

Neste trabalho, utilizando o aparato teorico-metodologico da Teoria da Variacaoe Mudanca (WEINREICH, LABOV e HERZOG,1968, LABOV,1972, 1982),investigamos o sistema de tratamento em cartas pessoais catarinenses dosseculos XIX e XX provenientes do corpus minimo do projeto Para a Historiado Portugues Brasileiro (PHPB). Em nossa analise, procuramos correlacionar asformas variantes de P2 na posicao de sujeito, tu e voce, as de complementoverbal (acusativo, dativo e obliquo). Os resultados obtidos indicam que,nos dados do seculo XIX, ha um uso categorico das formas do paradigmade tu (sujeito e complementos), enquanto no seculo XX sao encontrados:remetentes de uso exclusivo de formas do paradigma de tu; remetentes de usoexclusivo de formas do paradigma de voce; e remetentes que alternam formasdos dois paradigmas, com predominio das formas correlacionadas ao pronometu, sobretudo com alta produtividade do clitico te.

2025, The 19th Conference of the Israeli Association for the Research of History of Education

שאלת החינוך הלאומי היא שאלה אידיאולוגית ולה השלכות על מדיניות החינוך ועל מסגרות החינוך, על תכניות הלימוד ועל דרכי למידה שנידונו רבות בהקשר החינוך העברי ומערכת החינוך בישראל. לעומת זאת, שאלת הוראת עברית בעברית שהעסיקה רבים בראשית החינוך העברי נתפסת לרוב כשאלה דידקטית בלבד.
"עברית בעברית" היא שיטה הוראת העברית שפותחה במיוחד על ידי יצחק אפשטיין (1943-1863) ושעקרונותיה הם לימוד טבעי הקרוב לאופן שבו נלמדת שפת אם, ההוראה מדורגת בהיבטים מגוונים (קל מול כבד, קרוב מול רחוק, מוכר מול בלתי מוכר), והתבססות על תחומי העניין של הילד כגון קשר קרוב עם הסביבה הטבעית, שילוב שירה ומשחק ועוד. עקרונות אלה התפרסמו תחילה במאמר "עברית בעברית", ב"השילוח" ב-1898 ובהרחבה נוספת בהקדמת ספרו של אפשטיין "עברית בעברית" (ורשה 1900). שיטה זו יצאה נגד שיטת התרגום שהייתה נהוגה – ללא הצלחה רבה – כבר בחדר המסורתי והייתה השיטה הנפוצה לרכישת שפה זרה. שיטת עברית בעברית אומצה במוסדות החינוך של זרם העובדים עד שנות החמישים של המאה ה-20 ובמידה מסוייימת נפוצה עד היום במרבית האולפנים המיועדים לעולים חדשים במדינת ישראל.
עיקר הספרות המקצועית העוסקת בשיטת עברית בעברית מתמקדת בהיבטים הדידקטיים והפדגוגיים שלה, בדומה לספרות הפולמוסית אודות מידת הצלחתה ויעילותה שרווחה בראשית המאה ה-20. ברם, עיון בספרי לימוד רבים שחוברו ברוח שיטת עברית בעברית מגלה שלשיטה זו גם עוגן אידיאולוגי מובהק: לא רק הנחלת השפה העברית אלא החייתה על ידי הפיכתה לשפה טבעית ושימושית ולא לשפה זרה הנרכשת כשפה שניה.
הרצאה זו מבקשת לחשוף היבטים אידיאולוגיים אלו ובכך להסתכל על שיטה עברית בעברית בצורה יותר רחבה, מעמיקה וקרובה למה שהתיימרה להיות.

2025

Les enfants bi-plurilingues ont-ils des « difficultés » dans le développement langagier ou dans le processus d'apprentissage de la langue de l'école ? Quelle place accorder aux langues et cultures des élèves en classe-pourquoi et de quelle manière ? Comment s'y prendre concrètement pour inclure tous les élèves ? Ce sont quelques-unes des questions récurrentes des enseignant.e.s sur les enfants en situation migratoire-dits allophones, bilingues émergents, plurilinguesauxquelles les chercheur.e.s réuni.e.s dans ce volume s'attachent à répondre. En passant par la France, la Catalogne, le Pays Basque, l'Italie et le Québec, et à partir de champs disciplinaires différents-sociolinguistique, psycholinguistique, didactique et sociodidactique, linguistique appliquée, sciences de l'éducation-, pratiques didactiques et plurilinguismes à l'école maternelle sont problématisés et analysés.
cliquer ici pour la table des matières : https://www.lambert-lucas.com/livre/plurilinguisme-et-ecole-maternelle/

2025, EVIDÊNCIAS SOCIETAIS DO FALAR RORAIMENSE NAS REDES SOCIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DA PÁGINA SOUTH CITY DOS MEMES

Objetivamos com esta pesquisa analisar a variedade dialetal de Roraima sob a ótica dos próprios residentes da região. Para isso, este estudo coletou algumas postagens da página de Instagram South BV City, em que se manifestam evidências societais, que são pistas linguísticas apontadas pelos seguidores como caracterizadoras do falar roraimense, bem como suas reações subjetivas sobre a existência (ou não) de um sotaque da região. Evidências societais é um conceito proposto por Garret, Coupland e Williams (2003), que significa os metadiscursos realizados por não especialistas acerca de usos linguísticos. Os resultados mostram que (1) os roraimenses possuem sotaque e isso fica saliente quando os referidos moradores entram em contato com outras variedades dialetais; (2) em vários comentários, o dialeto de Roraima é apontado como derivado de outro dialeto ou da mistura entre outras variedades, o que converge para a história e constituição populacional de Roraima; e (3) os usuários avaliam que o falar roraimense se aproxima muito dos falares nordestino e nortista, e se distancia muito dos falares do Sul e do Sudeste.

2025, Energeia

This article brings informal standardization processes to the forefront and examines their role in the emergence of new, orally oriented standard languages (“neo-standard languages”) alongside already codified standard languages. It discusses phenomena such as demotization, regionalization, and restandardization, which contribute to a reorientation of linguistic norms. The text emphasizes the dialectical relationship between informal and formal standardization and analyzes how new norm concepts evolve through social and media-driven change. At its core is the idea of a reconfiguration of linguistic standardness in Late Modernity.

2025, Acta historica et archaeologica mediaevalia

En una página famosa del Convivio (1, iii), Dante Alighieri recuerda ernotivamente la condición de exilio a la cual las turbulencias políticas de su ciudad le habían condenado: Poi che fu piacere de li cittadini de la dellissima e famosissima figlia di Roma, Fiorenza, di gittarmi fuori del suo dolce seno -@e/ quale nato e nutrito fui infino alcolmo de la vira mia, e nel quale, con buona pace di quella, desidero con rutto lo cuore di riposave I'animo stancato e terminare lo tempo che m'i dato-, per le parti quari tutte a le quali questa lingua si stende, peregrino, quasi mendicando, sono andato ...' Pocas veces el amor de patria ha sido manifestado con tanta intensidad, y generaciones de poetas románticos han aprendido a expresarlo de esta página o de otras, igualmente famosas, de La Divina Commedia. Hay que considerar, además, que Dante, escribiendo estas palabras en el año 1303, uno o dos años después de dejar Florencia, no podía saber que nunca más volvería a su ciudad, lo que hace, a posteriori, aún más emotiva su añoranza. Sin embargo hay, en este fragmento que acabamos de leer, un elemento paradójicamente contradictorio con el sentimiento principal que el poeta aparentemente expresa. Su patria es Florencia, y el destierro le obliga a una existencia angustiosa de peregrino y mendigo por tierras extrañas. La geografía ideal que Dante representa está claramente partida en dos territorios: el primero coincide con los límites de su Barcelona los días 28, 29 y 30 de junio de 1993. La investigación acerca de «La adquisición de la conciencia lingüística; contacto entre hablante5 de lenguss europeas y hablanes de len uas no eucopeasm en la que participan los profesores de la Universidad de Barcelona Emma ~a r t i n e i , Elena Losada, Raffaele Pinto e Isabel de Riquer y Julia Buriñd de la U.N.E.D., ha recibido la aceptación del Programa Seciorial de Promoción General del Conocimiento {DGlCYT (PB91-04>3)]. romo un peropino, igual que un mendiga, rnri todu los /ugarrr en lor ruslrr erra lengua ss extiende ... ciudad, Florencia, que en esta época es un comune, con amplios ámbitos de soberanía y un rango institucional comparable con lo que hoy en día es un estado; el segundo coincide con todo lo que está más allá de estos limites, aquello que, en la perspectiva de un florentino, sería lo extranjero. Ahora bien, obsénrese como está definido este segundo territorio, tierra de exilio, extraña y hostil: «los lugares en los cuales esta lengua se extienden. ¿De qué lugares está hablando Dante, y de qué lengua? La tentación de responder inmediatamente «Italia> y «el italiano)), como algo obvio e indiscutible, es muy fuerte. Pero, si queremos percibir la nueva sensibilidad que Dante manifiesta, y el nuevo tipo de conciencia lingüística que el enunciado expresa, hay que reprimir el impulso, y reflexionar sobre este punto: que el italiano, en el ano 1303, aún no existía, como lengua común de un territorio determinado (en Italia se hablaban los «vulgares municipales», o sea: los dialectos, y, entre los letrados, el latín). Es Dante quien en el Convivio, y despues en el De Vulgari Ehquenha, teoriza la existencia de esta lengua común, reconociéndola, como pura potencialidad, en una de las muchas tradiciones literarias vulgares que se habían formado en Italia en el siglo xii1, la menos municipal, precisamente. Este enunciado: «los lugares en los cuales esta lengua se extiende,), hay que considerarlo como la primera manifestación de una conciencia lingüística nacional. En ella Dante no expresa una experiencia empírica, sino un proyecto cultural, una hipótesis sobo el papel que juegan las lenguas en la relación entre el individuo, la comunidad y el territorio. Hipótesis tan original que resulta paradójica en su mismo planteamiento: ¿cómo es posible que «esta lengua», o sea la suya, la que Dante está utilizando, se extienda fuera de los límites de su patria? ¿Como puede, Dante, admitir la existencia de una misma lengua en aquella selva caótica de dialectos que se hablaban, y en gran medida se siguen hablando, en las ciudades italianas? Si hay alguna razón en las palabras de Dante, no hay que buscarla en los acontecimientos históricos sucesivos, que han determinado, al cabo de varios siglos, La institmionalización política de una lengua italiana. Esta razón hay que buscarla, en cambio, dentro de la misma cultura lingüística medieval, y especialmente en un concepto que representa el auténtico cambio de perspectiva teórica sobre el lenguaje y el paso a la cultura lingüística moderna: es el concepto de extensión lingüística. Entenderemos su significado volviendo a leer, otra vez, el enunciado de Dante: «Los lugares en los cuales esta lengua se extiende*. Aquí se establece entre la geografia («los lugares») y el lenguaje («esta lengua*) una relación tal que los límites materiales de la primera coinciden con los límites formales del segundo. Así que yo puedo, con una sola palabra, por ejemplo, «el italiano», identificar a la vez un espacio físico y un sistema lingüístico. No importa que sean pocos o muchos los que realmente entiendan y usen cesta lenguaa. Lo que importa es el alcance territorial de ella, su proyección geográfica. Es suficiente pensar en el caracter atópico del latín, lengua gramatical y religiosa territorialmente indeterminada, para percibir la novedad del plantramienro dantesco, que vinculan-

2025, O BAMBURRAR DO OURO LINGUÍSTICO: O UNIVERSO SEMÂNTICO-LEXICAL DAS LEXIAS “BAMBURRADO E BREFADO” EM PEIXOTO DE AZEVEDO-MT

RESUMO: O presente artigo representa uma prévia do projeto de pesquisa em andamento para a tese de doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Linguística, UNEMAT-Cáceres/MT, sob a linha de pesquisa "Estudos de Processos de Variação e Mudança", e desenvolvido na disciplina de Tópicos em Sociolinguística. O objetivo do artigo é analisar, sob o aporte teórico-metodológico da Sociolinguística Variacionista, duas lexias muito comuns no município de Peixoto de Azevedo-MT: "bamburrado e brefado", uma vez que o léxico é considerado como recurso de expressão e interação social, pois é no dinamismo do processo de comunicação que os sujeitos criam, recriam e incorporam o vocabulário de sua língua. Então, para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa amparamos no suporte teórico-metodológico de Biderman (1981), Cristianini (2007), Philippsen (2012), entre outros. Para a constituição do corpus, adotamos os procedimentos metodológicos fornecidos pela Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística propostos por Labov (1972) e Milroy (1987, 1992). Foi levado em conta o contexto social e a fala espontânea de três sujeitos com a variação diageracional e diagenérica para nos apresentar o sentido semântico das lexias pesquisadas. Diante das reflexões, a importância desta pesquisa recai em contribuir para um novo olhar sobre a variedade linguística de garimpeiros, em comunidades garimpeiras de Peixoto de Azevedo, a fim de valorizá-la, não só entre os estudiosos da linguagem, mas também entre o público em geral, visando promover o conhecimento da riqueza linguística que integra o universo linguístico desse grupo delimitado. Pelo viés da reflexão, este estudo mostra a diferença do sentido semântico lexical das duas lexias apresentadas das demais pesquisas já realizadas em outros locais de regiões garimpeiras.

2025, A ‘galinha-d'angola’ no contexto etnodialetal do Tocantins ‘cocar’ ou ‘angolista’?

RESUMO: O campo semântico da fauna tem sido objeto de análise por parte dos dialetólogos, sobretudo com a utilização dos corpora coletados pelos atlas linguísticos. É nesse escopo que a presente pesquisa se insere, cujo objetivo é a análise e discussão das designações fornecidas à galinhad'angola no estado do Tocantins, no intuito de compreender como as formas de nomear essa ave seguem trajetos dialetais resultantes dos processos migratórios no Brasil. Para essa finalidade, foram utilizadas as designações auferidas para o questionamento de número 49-'galinha-d'angola'coletadas pelo Atlas Linguístico Topodinâmico e Topoestático do Tocantins (ALiTTETO) (SILVA, 2018), em 12 cidades, totalizando 96 informantes, estratificados por sexo, idade e tipo de mobilidade. Como resultado, as formas para cognominar a ave seguem trajetos dialetais resultantes dos processos migratórios: a variante 'cocar' denota identificação com a região Centro-Oeste, enquanto 'angolista' com o Sul e, por fim, 'galinha-d'angola' é difundida por todo o Brasil.

2025

Word-final unstressed English (ING) is a ‘showcase’ sociolinguistic variable, although variation in its vowel has received little attention. We analyse the social and linguistic factors conditioning the (ING) vowel in a socially stratified corpus of Toronto English. The vowels for the velar and alveolar variants show a high degree of overlap. A mixedeffects linear regression model of the normalised F1 values show that the preceding segment has the greatest effect, with interaction effects for social factors and following place of articulation also significant. These findings suggest that (ING) lies at the intersection of variation in both its components, consonantal and vocalic.

2025

'Foreign' language features of first-generation Canadians do not persist in their children and grandchildren. 'Ethnolects' should be viewed as ways that speakers of different ethnic backgrounds construct and convey their identity, rather... more

2025

This paper is a sociolinguistic study focusing on determining the status of the Tunggang isolek used by the community of Tunggang Village, Pondok Suguh District, Muko-muko Regency, Bengkulu Province. This study aims to clarify the status of Tunggang isolek and the phonological and lexical differences of Tunggang isoleks with the language used by speakers in the surrounding villages. This research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. A qualitative approach is used to describe linguistic elements such as morphophonemic processes in lexical data, while quantitative methods are used to look at the status of isoleks using the dialectometric formula. The focus in this study is to determine the status of the Tunggang isolek and see the difference between the Tunggang isolek and the isoleks in the surrounding area. The locus of this research was Tunggang Village, Pondok Suguh Subdistrict, Muko-muko District, while the comparison area was one village located in the northern part of Muko-muko District, namely Pondok Tengah Village, V Koto District and Air Rami Village, Air Rami District located in south of Muko-muko Regency. The results of the analysis in this study indicated that the Tunggang isolek is a dialect with a similarity percentage of 79.75% when compared to the language spoken by the people of Air Rami Village and 79.50% when compared to the language spoken by the community in the V Koto Village. In addition, there were a number of phonological processes in the Tunggang isolect that make Isolek difficult to understand by the non-speaker community of the Tunggang isolect. The phonological process are shortening the repetition, metathesis, and apheresis.