Languages of the Caucasus Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025

The paper deals with key issue of the formal syntax of Mycenaean Greek, namely with the word order in the Noun Phrase. In the paper we argue that Adjectivies tend to precede the noun in Mycenaen Greek. The most examples are restrictive... more

2025

s Thursday 10 December What's /nu/?: Relative prolixity in Zenzontepec Chatino (Otomanguean) Eric Campbell The Zenzontepec Chatino language of Oaxaca, Mexico, is typical of Otomanguean languages in exhibiting great formal complexity in the encoding of morphological categories, but formal simplicity for expressing a wide range of syntactic and discourse functions. The language has several particles that serve as nominalizers, complementizers and relativizers, the most frequent and flexible of which is the particle /nu/. It is a head initial language, and relative clauses follow their heads. Nouns of any grammatical function (subject, object, indirect object, instrument, locative, adverbial, and alienable or inalienable possessor) can be relativized. A common discourse strategy is to avoid lexically dense expression by spreading information across multiple relative clauses, which may be iteratively embedded or placed in apposition, leading to prolix sentences. The profusion of rel...

2025, Matenadaran - Medieval and Early Modern Armenian Studies (MEMAS)

The paper discusses two possible borrowings between Classical Armenian and Caucasian Albanian (CAlb.). It is argued that CAlb. isḳaṗos is borrowed from Arm. (e)piskapos attested in two of the earliest Armenian inscriptions and modern Armenian dialects. The similarity of CAlb. axal- “nurse” and Arm.
ałaxin “maid, female servant” is probably not due to chance.

2025, Clause Chaining in the Languages of the World

This chapter explores clause chaining in Adyghe, a West Caucasian language. The major means of combining clauses into larger chains are the additive suffix, three converbs and the adverbial marker. The clause chaining constructions exhibit dependencies in morphosyntax, semantics and pragmatics that mainly concern the temporal reference and illocutionary force. The function of clause chaining constructions is the encoding of temporal succession or simultaneity in narratives. The encoded events are foregrounded and advance the narration. Adyghe also has a number of coordinators to combine clauses into larger units and frequently employs parataxis, but these constructions are not analyzed as clause chaining constructions because the combined clauses are independent. In natural texts clause chaining constructions are frequently used and mostly consist two or three clauses of which the last clause is a main clause with a fully inflected verb form.
Viewed from the perspective of West Caucasian, Adyghe represents a fairly typical inventory of clause chaining constructions. Converb constructions are also attested in the other four West Caucasian languages and an additive suffix is also used in Kabardian and Ubykh.

2025, Georgia as a Cultural Source for Arab writers -Moroccan Imaginary as a Model

Keeping in mind the impact of political and cultural relations in the past between Georgia and the Arab world on the one hand and the impact of translation as the sole tool of communication between the Arab writers and the Georgian culture on the other, I will attempt to answer the following two questions:
1. What space do Georgia and its culture occupy among universal cultures in the modern and contemporary Arab cultural field?
2. Has Georgia become a cultural source for Contemporary Arab writers within the context of postcolonial perspectives and cultural paradigm shifts?
As the imaginary is not an isolated element, this paper will focus on some details which are pivotal for its elaboration.

2025, “GƏNCƏDƏN BAŞLAYAN DÖVLƏTÇİLİK SƏLNAMƏSİ” MÖVZUSUNDA RESPUBLİKA ELMİ KONFRANSIN MATERİALLARI

Tədqiqat, Azərbaycan dövlətçiliyinin yeni mərhələsində türkman kimliyinin iki əsas dayağından biri hesab edilən Azərbaycan Ağqoyunlu dövlətinin hərbi təşkilatının təhlilini əhatə edir. Bu istiqamətdə araşdırma, mövzu üzrə məlum yeganə birincil mənbə olan Məhəmməd Cəlaləddin Dəvvannin “Ərznamə” əsəri üzərində qurulmuşdur. XV əsrin tanınmış alimlərindən olan Dəvvannin birbaşa iştirakı ilə 1476-cı ildə İranın Persopolis şəhəri yaxınlığında, Bəndi-Əmir bölgəsində Ağqoyunlu dövlətinə bağlı ən böyük inzibati ərazilərdən biri olan Fars vilayətinin hərbi qoşunlarının keçidi baş tutmuşdur. “Ərznamə” əsəri məhz bu hərbi keçidi əks etdirməklə yanaşı, Sultan Xəlilin tabeliyində olan Fars vilayət ordusunun struktur xüsusiyyətlərini, statistik göstəricilərini, daxili iyerarxiyasını və döyüş birliklərinin təşkilati quruluşunu ətraflı şəkildə təqdim edir. Araşdırma zamanı əsərin mətnindəki qoşun bölmələri və onların tərkibinə dair terminologiya orijinal formada qorunmuşdur. İstifadə olunan mənbələr arasında 1913-cü ildə Kilisli Rıfat tərəfindən Milli Tətəbbulər Məcmuası nəzdində nəşr edilmiş orijinal nüsxə, iki tam tərcümə və V. Minorskinin 1939-cu ildə Londonda məqalə şəklində dərc etdiyi ümumiləşdirilmiş tərcümə yer alır.

2025

კრებული ეძღვნება ისტორიის მეცნიერებათა დოქტორის, პროფესორ ოთარ ჯანელიძის დაბადებიდან 70 წლისთავს. მასში შესულია მისალმებები იუბილარისადმი, მეცნიერის ბიობიბლიოგრაფია და საიუბილეო საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე წაკითხული მოხსენებები. გამოცემა განკუთვნილია როგორც სპეციალისტების, ისე ისტორიით დაინტერესებული ფართო საზოგადოებისათვის. რედაქტორი: პაატა სურგულაძე ისტორიის დოქტორი, პროფესორი The Collection is dedicated to the 70 th anniversary of the birth of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Otar Janelidze. The volume includes congratulations to the Jubilee, the bibliography of the scholar and the papers presented at the international anniversary conference. The publication is aimed for the experts in the field as well as for general public.

2025

Topic acceptability judgment task: Mean ratings of Turkish speakers for SVO/OVS orders .

2025

This thesis investigates the interaction of syntax and information structure in Caucasian Urum. Caucasian Urum (henceforth: Urum) is a little document and severely endangered variety of Anatolian Turkish, which is spoken by a minority of ethnic Greeks in the Small Caucasus in Georgia. Although Urum is an Anatolian variety of Turkish and shares a lot of similarities with Standard Turkish, previous studies have shown that the language reveals several influences from Russian, especially in the lexicon and in the grammar (cf. Skopeteas2013). A particular characteristic of Urum is the free position of the verb within the verb phrase, i.e., both OV and VO orders frequently occur in the same discourse contexts (Skopeteas2014). The main objectives of this dissertation are to analyze whether there is an interaction of focus/topic and word order in Urum and to answer the research question to what extend the observed change in the word order from OV to a language with a free position of the ve...

2025, Azərbaycan tarixşünaslığı 2024 / Cild (85) №2, ISSN 2523-4765, səh.153-176

Xülasə: Qədim dünya və orta əsrlər tarixi spesifik sahə olduğu üçün araşdırma sırasında fikirləri formalaşdıran mənbələrin dəfələrlə nəzərdən keçirilməsi çox önəmlidir ki, təkzibolunmaz nəticələr alınsın. Bir çox antik mənbələr artıq qeyb... more

2025

Khortha is the most widely spoken language in Jharkhand and it is also referred as the eastern variety of Magahi. Khortha belongs to the Indo-Aryan group of languages As per 2011 census Khortha has 8.04 million speakers. Since very few attempts have been made to study the language from linguistic point of view, the present research paper tries to identify and analyze the pattern of person agreement in Khortha. According to , an agreement is "the formal relationship between elements whereby a form of one word requires a corresponding form of another". The data for the current study includes both primary and secondary. For collecting the primary data, a field survey was done in the Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand where native speakers of the language were consulted and requested to respond to the questionnaires prepared by the researchers. The sample size for collecting data consisted of 50 people from the different age groups. The secondary sources of data included story books, newspapers, and books of folktales. The findings of the study reveal that agreement markers are very much prominent in the language and they are used in the language depending upon the variations in persons. Agreement markers in the Khortha language are observable as the verbal endings or also at the level of auxiliaries. The research paper contributes to the field of syntax as well as to the field of language documentation by analyzing the structure of the language.

2025, Naxcivan Ecemi

Kitab Türkmençay müqavilesinin (1828)imzalandığı mekan,onun etnoqrafiyası ve folkloru haqqındadır.Hüseyn Qaraaağacın 1988-ci ilde Tebrizde neşr etdirdiyi bu kitab terefimden türkceye tercümə edlmişdir.

2025

Bu calismanin amaci Cerkes dilinin korunmasini ve Israil’deki Cerkesler icin onemini incelemektir. Calisma ayni zamanda bu ornek vakanin okul sistemi, ev ve topluluk hakkindaki teorik tartismalari nasil destekledigini degerlendirecektir. Calisma, ozellikle, nesiller arasi aktarimin dilin korunmasinda oynadigi merkezi rol hakkindaki teorik fikre karsi cikmaktadir. Bir diger yanda ise okul sisteminin Cerkes dilinin korunmasina ne sekilde yardimci olabilidigi ve Cerkes okullarinin hangi kosullar altinda dilin kaybolusunu tersine cevirebilecegine odaklanmaktadir. Bu calismanin vardigi temel sonuclardan biri resmi okul sisteminin toplulugun bekledigi gibi azinlik dilini desteklemedigi tersine Ibranice’yi Cerkesce’ye onceledigini ortaya koymaktadir. Ancak, okul calisanlari ve yeni yonetim Cerkes dilini ve kulturunu guclendirmek icin okul mufredatinda koklu degisiklikler yapmak istemektedirler.

2025, 11TH SCHOOL-CONFERENCE “LANGUAGE ISSUES: A YOUNG SCHOLARS’ PERSPECTIVE”

Digor and Iron are the two dialects of Ossetic language (Iranian < Indo-European) that have a standard variety. Unlike standard Iron, segmental and suprasegmental features of which have been subject to instrumental analysis in several recent works, descriptions of standard Digor phonetics are very limited. Present study is aimed at filling this lacuna by determining the quantity and quality of Digor vowels.
Among other conclusions, the differences in vowel length were proven to be statistically significant for the pairs a–ɜ, o–u, e–i. Quantity was, in agreement with earlier studies, found to be a better cue for i–e and u–o oppositions than F1, a natural correlate of vowel closeness.

2025, Proceedings of 15th International Conference in Experimental Linguistics

In this paper, I report on the initial results of instrumental research on the lexical prosody of Digor Ossetic (Iranian ‹ Indo-European). Despite speakers of Digor having some intuition regarding the placement of stress, no consensus on its acoustic cues exists in the literature. In this study, I analyzed disyllabic and trisyllabic words with vowels of the same quality within the word form. The results show a tendency for the ultimate vowel of the word to be the longest and for the initial vowel to possess the highest intensity value, albeit trisyllabic words with weak vowels were shown to serve as an exception to the latter trend. This and other relevant acoustic patterns may support the existence of quantitative stress in Digor Ossetic.

2025, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences

Moses Kalankatuatsi’s work “The History of the Country of Albania,” the first and only work on the history of Caucasian Albania, is of pivotal importance for studying the history of this state during the period of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. This monograph by Doctor of Church History and Archimandrite Alexy (Nikonorov Andrey) is the first serious attempt to highlight the issues of Albanian church history based on this Albanian source in comparison with accounts by Caucasian, Persian, Syrian, Byzantine and Arabic historians. This work analyzes information contained in Moses Kalankatuatsi’s “The History of the Country of Albania” and associated with the life of the local Christian community. Relying on historical records, the book reconstructs the canonical structure of the Albanian national church and its institutions and traces the penetration and development of Christianity within the confederation of Albanian tribes. By leveraging a wide range of sources, employing current scholarly literature and applying a complex comparative method, the author paints a compelling picture of Christian history in Caucasian Albania from the 1st to the 9th centuries is presented.

2025, International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)

In the modern world, there is a conscious interest in improving education quality with the help of modern information technologies. Innovative mlearning technology expands the possibilities and increases the effectiveness of training. Experiments conducted in European countries showed that the use of mobile devices positively affected academic performance, discipline, and interpersonal relationships among participants in the educational process. However, currently, practical research only generally concerns the issue of increasing foreign student involvement in the educational process. The purpose of the study is to experiment and obtain new data confirming the effectiveness of mobile technologies in increasing foreign student involvement in the educational process. The developed mobile technologybased course was introduced into the educational system of the university. The program included traditional and practical classes. The study confirms the effectiveness of mobile learning technology. A statistical data analysis showed positive dynamics in the indicators of the experimental group. The final data of the experimental group differed significantly from the initial ones: the average indicator of 2.9 (average involvement level) increased to 4 (+1.1). Based on the developed course using mobile learning, it is possible to create and practically implement new educational programs for universities.

2025, On Ethnical Composition of Koban Archeological Culture

Koban culture, spread in both, North and South Caucasus, is the culture of late Bronze and early Iron Age. At different times, the scientists offered several versions of ethnical composition of this culture, debates dealt also with the relationships between Koban and Colchis cultures. The views of the scientists were mostly based on the tangible materials and metallurgic technology that, in many cases, create wide range of suppositions and hypotheses. In this article we relied on the results of sequencing of the genome from the osteo-materials discovered in Koban culture area, performed by Russian scientists at Vavilov Institute of Genetic Studies. According to general view, genetic data provide more information about ethnical composition of one or another archeological culture, especially if regarded against the background of genetic picture of contemporary population residing in the specific region. Within the scopes of Koban culture, haplogroup G2a1a-P18 first appeared in North Caucasus and now it is dominating in Ossetian population, as well as central foothills of South Caucasus.

2025, On Ethnical Composition of Koban Archeological Culture

Our paper explores the Koban culture of the late Bronze and early Iron Age, shedding light on its ethnic composition through genomic sequencing of osteo-materials. We found that haplogroup G2a1a-P18, first identified in the North Caucasus, now predominates in the Ossetian population, offering new insights into the relationships between ancient and contemporary populations. We invite you to read our findings and share your thoughts!

2025, Word art

In modern Uzbek, the participle affix -gan exists and is considered one of the most controversial
topics; it performs various syntactic functions. In particular, it forms the long past tense, the recent
past tense, and in some cases the present and future tenses. This article provides a comparative
analysis of the expression of the meaning of the long-past tense, formed in the modern Uzbek
language using the participle affix -gan with the expression of this temporal meaning in Chinese.
Based on the various examples given, the author highlights the peculiarities of reflecting the meaning
of this affix in the Chinese language, identifies similarities and differences in the expression of this
grammatical category in two languages.

2025

The master thesis is about the role of teacher self-efficacy in students' achievement in developing post-Soviet country such as Georgia. The research reviews evaluation strategies of teachers, different practices and theory. Nature of low achievement is discussed related to socio-economic status, importance of parenting, good teaching, SEN skills, and social environment and health issues. Another large topic is a part of teacher self-efficacy in the evaluation process of teachers' effectiveness. The quantitative research was held in Tbilisi schools. Respondents were teachers of the classes from 6 to 10 th grades. The mean of their self-efficacy was not different with the mean of their colleagues, despite correlation between self-efficacy and students' achievement could not be confirmed. Only the one factorefficacy in student engagement was correlated with students' low achievement. Difference was not significant among the number of low achiever students in central and suburban schools but in private schools there were less low achiever students than in public schools which was mainly explained by the difference of socio-economic status of the families. The length of experience and holding professional certificates did not have influence on their selfefficacy. Class size did not matter with the number of low achiever students in the classroom. Georgian Social-economic and historical context and Educational politics was discussed in the context of the variables listed above. The researchers were advised to inquire low achievement and its factors since 2020-22 when the Government of Georgia will provide scientific data about teachers and students in Georgian schools. THE ROLE OF TEACHER SELF-EFFICACY IN STUDENT'S ACHIEVEMENT

2025

2025, TURAN: AKADEMİK İLİM, FİKİR ve SOSYAL BİLİMLER DERGİSİ / TURAN: JOURNAL of ACADEMIC KNOWLEDGE, THOUGHT and SOCIAL SCIENCES

Kafkasya, stratejik konumu ve tarihî önemi ile Türkiye’de akademik çalışmaların sıkça odaklandığı bir bölgedir. Bu çalışmamızda, Türkiye’de Kafkasya ile ilgili yapılan tez çalışmalarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, Kafkasya üzerine yapılan tezlerin genel eğilimlerini, tematik dağılımlarını ve metodolojik yaklaşımlarını incelemektedir. Öncelikle, Türkiye’deki üniversitelerde hazırlanan tezlerin kapsamlı bir literatür taraması yapılmış, bu tezlerin konuları, tarihsel süreçleri ve coğrafi odak noktaları belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Kafkasya bölgesine yönelik tezlerin büyük bir kısmının tarih, uluslararası ilişkiler ve siyaset bilimi disiplinlerinde yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bölgedeki etnik gruplar, kültürel etkileşimler, enerji politikaları ve güvenlik konuları da sıkça araştırılan konular arasında yer almaktadır. Tez çalışmalarının metodolojik yaklaşımları incelendiğinde, çoğunlukla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin tercih edildiği, arşiv belgeleri ve birincil kaynakların yoğun kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, son yıllarda nicel yöntemlerin yanında karma araştırma yöntemleri de tez çalışmalarında kullanılmıştır.
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The Caucasus, with its strategic position and historical significance, is a region frequently studied in academic research in Türkiye. This study aims to evaluate thesis works related to the Caucasus conducted in Turkiye. The paper examines the general trends, thematic distributions and methodological approaches of theses on the Caucasus. First, an extensive literature review of theses prepared at universities in Türkiye was conducted, identifying their subjects, historical contexts, and geographical focal points. In this context, it was determined that a significant portion of the theses on the Caucasus focuses on the disciplines of history, international relations, and political science. Additionally, topics such as ethnic groups in the region, cultural interactions, energy policies, and security issues are also frequently explored. When examining the methodological approaches of these thesis works, it was observed that qualitative research methods are predominantly preferred, with extensive use of archival documents and primary sources. However, in recent years, alongside quantitative methods, mixed research methodologies have also been employed in thesis studies.

2025, Вопросы языкознаия

В статье выдвигается гипотеза о том, что "модальные вспомогательные слова" (МВС) в славянских языках представляют собой особый тип полуграмматических вспомогательных слов, которые образуют класс с нечеткой прототипическои структурой. МВС - это полифункциональные выражения модальности, у которых одна и только одна семантическая валентность, которая реализуется
основным глаголом. Показывается, что МВС проходят процесс грамматикализации и постепенно переходят от словаря к грамматике. Мы имеем дело с типологически распространенной,
но не обязательно универсальной категорией, которая представлена и в германских и в славянских языках.

2025, Nature

The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300 BC across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000 BC it reached its maximal extent, ranging from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize Yamnaya origins among the preceding Eneolithic people, we assembled ancient DNA from 435 individuals, demonstrating three genetic clines. A Caucasus–lower Volga (CLV) cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer1 ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end and a northern end at Berezhnovka along the lower Volga river. Bidirectional gene flow created intermediate populations, such as the north Caucasus Maikop people, and those at Remontnoye on the steppe. The Volga cline was formed as CLV people mixed with upriver populations of Eastern hunter-gatherer2 ancestry, creating hypervariable groups, including one at Khvalynsk. The Dnipro cline was formed when CLV people moved west, mixing with people with Ukraine Neolithic hunter-gatherer ancestry3 along the Dnipro and Don rivers to establish Serednii Stih groups, from whom Yamnaya ancestors formed around 4000 BC and grew rapidly after 3750–3350 BC. The CLV people contributed around four-fifths of the ancestry of the Yamnaya and, entering Anatolia, probably from the east, at least one-tenth of the ancestry of Bronze Age central Anatolians, who spoke Hittite4,5. We therefore propose that the final unity of the speakers of ‘proto-Indo-Anatolian’, the language ancestral to both Anatolian and Indo-European people, occurred in CLV people some time between 4400 BC and 4000 BC.

2025

The article focuses on the theoretical foundation of the concept of the modal abstract-logical algorithm and presents its reconstruction. The relevance of the study lies in the necessity of developing a unified, integrative theory of the cognitivesemantic field of modality. The primary objective of the article is to establish an algorithm for reconstructing the abstract-logical code of modal units.

2025, Nekeri Tbilisi

Автор раскрывает принципы устройства и механизмы функционирования организма-системы «человечество»; описывает хронологию макроисторических процессов, через которые оно проходит по мере геоцивилизационного движения. Описана структура системы, выстроенная как по вертикали (при иерархизации уровней системы), так и по горизонтали (при формировании последовательности сменяющих друг друга эпох и этапов). По мнению автора, геоцивилизационное движение организма-системы «человечество», со всеми атрибутами приобретенных изменений, должно осуществляться в трехмерном пространстве, при этом на каждой из осей должны располагаться семь эпох – «магическая», «сакральная», «религиозная», нынешняя «рациокритическая», а также пока еще не наступившие, условно названные им «неорелигиозная», «неосакральная» и «неомагическая» эпохи, соответственно.

2025, Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences,

It is important to understand parents’ opinions of teaching jobs due to their impact on young people’s choices. Parents’ perceptions of teaching jobs can influence the willingness of their children to become educators. The aim of this study was to uncover parents’ perceptions of the prestige of the teaching profession. Correspondingly, the research sought to answer whether teaching was considered prestigious by parents. Additionally, the study explored the reasons behind parents’ views. An online survey was conducted in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, and the USA with a total of 336 respondents (103, 132, 58, and 43, respectively). The findings indicated that the participating parents’ views on teachers and teaching ranged between neutral and positive, and this should be taken into account by education policymakers. The study concluded that to enhance parents’ perceptions of the desirability for their children to take up teaching jobs improving the quality of teaching is needed. Additionally, it suggested encouraging authors of books and movies, as well as social and mass media, to present the teaching profession to the public more frequently and positively.

2025

This paper presents the results of analysis of the species composition found in sites dating to the 7th -5th millennia BCE. These sites are either monocultural, or multicultural where the cultural layers belonging to different periods are separated from each other by sterile layers. As a result, we were able to trace the variation through time in the ratios of game/domestic animals in the Neolithic -Eneolithic periods. In the Early Neolithic, the kulan was the main game animal. During the Middle and Late Neolithic, hunting was diversified and such animals as saiga, aurochs, and horse, along with kulan, became the main target species. In the Early Eneolithic, the first domestic animals, i.e. sheep and goats, appeared. Cattle appeared in the Late Eneolithic. The share of game animals during this period sharply decreased, even to the point of the complete disappearance of such species as aurochs and horse.

2025, The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World

his chapter provides a sociolinguistic overview of the languages of the Caucasus. Within Eurasia the Caucasus is particularly rich in terms of languages and linguistic diversity. We first review the language families situated in the Caucasus and their members as well as their geographic location. We then discuss the complex relationship between language, religion and identity. Many parts of the northern Caucasus were and are still characterized by bi- and multilingualism and long histories of language contact. However, ongoing urbanization, mobility, and economic pressure have led to significant changes in the language ecologies. Today all of the indigenous and long-present languages of the Caucasus are endangered or potentially endangered with the exception of the three eponymous nation-state languages of the independent republics of the southern Caucasus: Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian. We also sketch Soviet and post-Soviet language policies and the use of minority languages in education and the media, differentiating thereby between the Russian-dominated northern Caucasus and the southern Caucasus, although Azerbaijan’s indigenous Dagestanian languages face pressures similar to those in Russia.

2025, Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences

It is important to understand parents' opinions of teaching jobs due to their impact on young people's choices. Parents' perceptions of teaching jobs can influence the willingness of their children to become educators. The aim of this study was to uncover parents' perceptions of the prestige of the teaching profession. Correspondingly, the research sought to answer whether teaching was considered prestigious by parents. Additionally, the study explored the reasons behind parents' views. An online survey was conducted in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, and the USA with a total of 336 respondents (103, 132, 58, and 43, respectively). The findings indicated that the participating parents' views on teachers and teaching ranged between neutral and positive, and this should be taken into account by education policymakers. The study concluded that to enhance parents' perceptions of the desirability for their children to take up teaching jobs improving the quality of teaching is needed. Additionally, it suggested encouraging authors of books and movies, as well as social and mass media, to present the teaching profession to the public more frequently and positively.

2025, Suvremena lingvistika

The book under review consists of papers written by friends and colleagues of prof. dr. Rasul Osmanovich Mutalov on the occasion of his 60th birthday. The volume includes the papers on Daghestanian languages, comparative linguistics, theory of grammar, lexicology and other subdisciplines of linguistics that fall within the area of the research interests of professor R. O. Mutalov. All the papers are briefly presented in the book review.
Keywords: Rasul Osmanovich Mutalov, Daghestan, Daghestanian languages, Caucasian languages, Archi, Dargwa, Tsezic languages, Nakh-Daghestanian languages, comparative linguistics

2025

This talk discusses a number of morphosyntactic features that characterize simple clauses in Megrelian against the background of its much better studied sister, Georgian. Please make sure to contact me for citation (in case necessary),... more

This talk discusses a number of morphosyntactic features that characterize simple clauses in Megrelian against the background of its much better studied sister, Georgian.
Please make sure to contact me for citation (in case necessary), as I have found a couple of inconsistencies in this presentation.

2025

Northern Akhvakh, spoken in western Daghestan, belongs to the Andic sub-branch of the Avar-Andic(-Tsezic) branch of the Nakh-Daghestanian family. It is documented through Magomedbekova’s (1967) monograph, Magomedova & Abdulaeva’s (2007) dictionary, and a series of articles by the author of this presentation (Creissels 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016a, 2016b, 2017, 2018, Forthcoming). The analysis of the Northern Akhvakh reflexive pronoun ži proposed in this paper is entirely based on a corpus of texts that were collected mainly in Tadmagitl’ and Lologonitl’ with the help of Indira Abdulaeva. The corpus includes 625 occurrences of ži. The pronoun ži occurs in intensifying, reflexive, and logophoric functions, either in its simple form or in a form enlarged by the addition of the intensifying particle -da. The use of identical or related forms in attested in many languages of the world, and pronouns cognate with Akhvakh ži fulfilling similar functions are found in the other A...

2025, Workshop Nonspatial functions of spatial forms in …

Akhvakh (aʷaʟ̄i mic̄'i, Russian ахвахский язык) belongs to the Andic (sub-) branch of the Northeast Caucasian (or Nakh-Daghestanian) family. Four dialects are traditionally recognized. One of them is designated as Northern Akhvakh,... more

2025, "Əcəmi" NPB

Kitabda Naxçıvanın etnik və siyasi tarixi, Naxçıvanın tərkibində olduğu dövlətlərin inkişaf etmiş əyalətlərindən olması, onun Atropatena dövlətində yeri və rolu, bölgənin Azərbaycanın dövlətçilik tarixində rolu kimi məsələlər araşdırılmışdır. Naxçıvan inkişaf edərək müxtəlif dövlət qurumlarında təmsil olunmuş, ya müstəqil, ya da asılı şəkildə dövlətlərin tərkibində olmuşdur. X əsrdən başlayaraq bu ərazidə Naxçıvanşahlıq, Azərbaycan Atabəylər dövləti, Naxçıvan tüməni, Naxçıvan sancağı, Naxçıvan xanlığı, Naxçıvan qəzası, Araz-Türk Cümhuriyyəti, Naxçıvan MSSR və Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası kimi qurumlar yaranmış və fəaliyyət göstərmiş, statusunda ciddi dəyişiklik yaranaraq muxtar dövlət səviyyəsinə yüksəlmişdir.

2025, “Əcəmi” Nəşriyyat- Poliqrafiya Birliyi

Kitaba Azərbaycan, Gürcüstan, Ermənistan, Rusiya və Türkiyə arasında Qars şəhərində 13 oktyabr 1921-ci ildə imzalanmış müqavilənin rus, türk, fransız dillərində mətninin orijinalı, həmçinin Azərbaycan dilinə tərcüməsi daxil edilmişdir.

2025, “Əcəmi” Nəşriyyat-Poliqrafiya Birliyi

Monoqrafiyada Azərbaycan xalqına qarşı törədilmiş soyqırımı v ə deportasiya siyasətini ifşa edən sənədlər, Azərbaycan torpaqlarına qarşı əsassız ərazi iddiaları, bu torpaqlar uğrunda gedən mübarizə və onların nəticələri, düşmən dövlətlərin məkrli siyasəti və bu siyasətin həyata keçirilməsində ermənilərin oynadıqları m ənfi rol aydın şəkildə göstərilmişdir.
Müəllif arxiv sənədləri, dövrü mətbuat materialları, habelə bir çox tədqiqatçıların əsərlərindən istifadə etməklə ermənilərin Naxçıvana qarşı ərazi iddialarının əsassızlığını, erməni millətçiləri və havadarlarının xalqımıza qarşı törətdikləri çirkin əməllərini və vəhşi hərəkətlərini ifşa etmişdir.

2025, Вестник Тюменского государственного университета

2025, Case Studies of Linguistic Representations of Motion

In this chapter, we investigate the motion event descriptions in Khorchin Mongolian on the basis of Experiment A of the NINJAL Project on Motion Event Descriptions across Languages. It is shown that Khorchin is a (weakly) head path-coding language, with path expressed in the head as well as head-externally. The path-coding position in Khorchin varies according to motion event types and to path types, in a way consistent with cross-linguistic tendencies (Matsumoto, this volume) except that a stronger tendency to use head path coding is found for caused motion than for self-motion. Khorchin exhibits high manner salience in spite of the predominance of head path coding (contra Slobin 2004), and this exceptional nature is attributed to the habitual use of "converbs".

2025

Mountanious Truso valleyrepresents a border region with Russia, which in times past, belonged to Dvaleti, historical-ethnographic region of Georgia and was inhabited by Georgian ethnic group -Dvalis. Some part of Dvali population became assimilated into Ossetian population migrated in the XVII-XVIII centuries, while the remaining segment was forcibly relocated to other historical regions of Georgia. Ossetians, settled in the Truso Valley, in turn, adopted many traditions of local Georgian population, as evidenced by synthetic architecture, ritual rules, oral patterns, etc. All told, with its historical past, socio-economic and political significance, population lifestyle, material or spiritual cultural development, Truso Valley appears to be a quite rich and diverse land of the country. Georgian narrative, documentary and epigraphic literary monuments contain important information for the overall study of historical-geographical side of Truso: (Dzegli Eristavta -Chronicle of Princes (ძეგლი ერისთავთა);"Chronicle of Gergeti"(გერგეთის სულთა მატიანე), IntroductionBook onfaulty acts of Samtavisi Flock("სამთავისის სამწყსოს დრამისა და შესავლის წიგნი"), findings by Vakhushti Batonishvili, Papuna Orbeliani, etc), archival material, XVIII century census data, certificates issued by royal government, information provided by XVIII-XIX-century-foreign-travelers (Guldenstedt, Aikhwald, Rainex, etc.),Georgian scientific literature (N. Berdzenishvili, V. Gamrekeli, B. Gamkrelidze, G. Chikovani, V. Itonishvili, R. Topchishvili, etc). The materials keptin"Ossetian Theological Commission" (1774-1861) and "Society for the Restoration of Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus" , as well as in "Georgian Exarchate Chancellery Fund" are important sources for studying the religious situation in the Truso valley in the 19th century. The existing sources provide diverse basis for interdisciplinary research of the history of Truso Valley and expose main problems and specifics of historical-geographical, political, cultural (architecture, small stone reliefs, epigraphic monuments and other artefacts) study of the valley. Based on complex analysis of historical sources and scientific literature, the paper presents key issuesfaced in the course of exploring the region: historical geography and borders of Truso, interrelationship between Georgian and foreign written sources, historical-cultural narrativeof Truso secular architecture (fortified towers)basic features of written culture, religious situation in Truso Valley,collective cultural identity issues, etc.

2025

The article examines Russian predicative agreement with a coordinated subject containing personal pronouns. In cases when the conjuncts have different person features, the choice of person agreement is based on the person hierarchy; it is considered to be an almost universal mechanism. However, the corpus and experimental data presented in this article show that the person hierarchy is not strictly imposed in Russian. We consider the two types of coordinated subjects, mismatched in person: 1) я и Х ‘I and X’ / Х и я ‘X and I’, where X is a masculine proper name, and 2) я и ты ‘I and you’ / ты и я ‘you and me’. Six experiments were conducted using 1–7 Likert scale. The experiments presented sentences with different word order (SV(О) / (О)VS) and conjuncts (I and X / X and I / I and you / you and I). In addition, we included the predicate characteristics as separate factors in the experiments – temporal characteristics, unaccusativity/unergativity. In all experiments, 1st person plural agreement (for non-past tense) and plural agreement (for past tense) were rated most acceptable. Sentences with such agreement are also the most frequent in the collected corpus material. With (O)VS word order, first conjunct agreement also becomes possible. In non-past tense, 3rd person plural agreement is also acknowledged, even in experiments, in which none of the conjuncts bears the 3rd person feature. Examples with such agreement have also been found in the corpus. The acceptability level of possible agreement strategies depends on such factors as word order, conjuncts order, and agreement characteristics of the predicate.

2025, AMERINDIA - ISSN 0221-8852 Association d'Ethnolinguistique Améridienne (A.E.A.)

Complex sentences display a relation between two or more events, and different languages have different strategies to deal with the encoding of the participants in each event. This study explains how referent tracking is maintained in switch-reference clauses in Santiago del Estero Quichua (Quechua, Argentina). However, since some data cannot be explained in terms of the marking of the (dis)continuity of referents at the sentence level, a functional perspective that contemplates phenomena of syntax-discourse interfaces is needed in order to fully understand the use of switch-reference clauses in this particular language. This is not an exception in switch-reference systems across languages of the world. The systems under study are usually functionally complex as they may provide information about the congruence between eventualities, with referential continuity being only one of their sub-functions. Therefore, these systems are closely linked to the marking of referential and temporal meanings. According to the findings of this study, the switchreference system in Santiago del Estero Quichua plays an important role in maintaining discourse coherence. This property of switch-reference clauses in the language is crucial for comprehending their role, not only in complex syntax but also in the organization of discourse.

2025, -“Вестник гумарнитарного института” Московский гуманитарный институт

Аффиксы-сан 4 ,-х,-даг 4 ,-аа 4 ,-маар 4 ,-хуйц 2 в монгольском языке называются причастными соединительными суффиксами, образующими определительные придаточные. Эти суффиксы соединяют глаголы с существительными, в этом случае глагол является определительным по отношению к существительному и поэтому данные суффиксы называются причастными соединительными суффиксами, образующими определительные придаточные. 1 По отношению ко времени, данные суффиксы делятся на две подгруппы: временноопределительные (-х,-сан(-сэн,-сон,-сөн),-аа(-ээ,-оо,-өө),-даг(-дэг,-дог,-дөг) и причастные союзные суффиксы, образующие определительные придаточные элементы, указывающие на вневременное состояние действия (-маар(-мээр,-моор,-мөөр),-гч,-хуйц(-хүйц)) 2. В данной монографии мы рассматриваем основные четыре вида причастных суффиксов, образующих определительные придаточные. Соединительный суффикс многократного причастия Суффикс-даг 4 в монгольском языке называется определительным соединительным суффиксом многократного причастия. Он выражает смысл, который указывает на повторящийся характер действий и образование устойчивого выражания, обладающего свойством лексической единицы 3. Ученые называют данный суффикс по разному: "показывающий определение в настоящем времени", "причастие в повторяющемся режиме", "постоянно повторящееся время" и т.д. С точки зрения семантики, как правило, он выражает смысл в настоящем времени, а в позиции сказуемого сложного предложения он указывает на повторяющийся в любом времени характер-характер сложных времен. В предложениях играет роль определения, сказуемого определительного придаточного, также полного сказуемого. Как считает ученый М.Базаррагчаа, данный суффикс возник из корня-семемы da-/de-, du-/dü-, указывающий на повторяющийся характер действий 4. В халхасском диалекте выражен средством суффиксов-dag/-deg/-dog/-dȯg. К примеру, Удахгүй ногоо гандаж, нуур өтгөрдөг цаг ирэх нь. /Б.Д/. Мядаг, ганц бүсгүй хоѐр нялх хүүхэд сувилах нь бэрхтэй гэж, одоо төрөх үрээ бусдад үрчлүүлэхийг хүсдэг ажээ. /Ц.Д/ При присоединении модальных глаголов и отрицательного суффикса, согласный-d опускается. К примеру, jawdgǖ (явдаггүй), irdgǖ (ирдэггүй), sandīšd (санадаг шүү дээ), jawdīm (явдаг юм) и т.д. В бурятском языкознании называется "давтаhан нэртэ үйлэ" и выражается суффиксамиdag/-deg/-dog. К примеру, Агын талаар хамхуул үбhэн хаа хаанагүй ургадаг. Тиигээд лэ hалхяар туугдан, өөрийн эрхэгүй тээхэгэнэн харайдаг ха юм. (Ж.Балданжапон). В ойратском-суффиксами-dag/-däg/-deg/-dig,-dak/-däk/-dek/-dik. С точки зрения семантики, главным образом указывает на повторящееся время, но в разговорном языке иногда указывает на будущее, настоящее и прошедшее времена. После данного суффикса следуют различные модальные глаголы. В таком случае осуществляется посредством сокращенного вида-d , что делает его единым с модальным глаголом. К примеру, Күмнаэ багани гүүдэг,

2025, SACİLƏR

919-cu ilin iyul ayında Xilafət ordusuna məğlub olan Yusif, qardaşı oğlu Əbül-Müsafir Fəthlə birlikdə 3 illiyinə həbs olundu. Bu illər ərzində Azərbaycanı onun qulamı Subuk idarə etdi. 922-ci ildə həbsdən çıxan Yusif Əbu Sac, Rey və Həmədanı yenidən ələ keçirdi. Bu ərəfədə Ərəbistanda, Bəhreyn ərazisində “qərmətilər” adı ilə tanınan vəhşilik və teror qoxan təriqət meydana gəldi. Qərmətilər İslamın müqəddəs şəhərləri və ziyarətgahlarına hücum etməyə başlamışdılar. Onlar xəlifənin qoşunlarını məğlubiyyətə uğratdılar. Xəlifə bütün İslam aləminə bu təriqətə qarşı savaşmaq üçün müraciət etdi...