Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age Research Papers (original) (raw)

Our information about the Late Neolithic period and the Early
Bronze Age in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern comes mainly from
graves, hoards and surface finds. Settlements, on the other
hand, in particular sites with house features, are known only
in very small numbers. Since the mid-199os, however, large-
scale excavations, conducted as part of major infrastructure
projects, have frequently uncovered both settlement features
and house ground plans, the latter usually found in isola-
tion, which have been dated to the Late Neolithic or the Early
Bronze Age. The house ground-plans were mainly of two-
aisled post-built structures whose construction methods had
varying, but easily recognisable, Scandinavian, north-west
or central German parallels. Another catagory of buildings
were pit houses, whose original use, however, is still unclear.
Additionally, and chiefly in areas close to the River Elbe, evi-
dence was found of wall trench structures, constructed either
with sill beams or with wall-posts. Although considerable pro-
gress has been made in recent years, settlements dating from
the Late Neolithic period and the Early Bronze Age are still
under-represented, with the result that our understanding
of house construction and land use in these periods is still
incomplete.

Επισκόπηση της ερήµωσης και αναβίωσης οικισµών στην Κάλυµνο από τη σκοπιά της ιστορικής γεωγραφίας …………………………………………. ΧΑΡΟΥΛΑ ΦΑΝΤΑΟΥΤΣΑΚΗ: Αρχαιολογικό οδοιπορικό στην Αστυπάλαια ………………………………………………......... ΑΝ∆ΡΕΑΣ Γ. ΒΛΑΧΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Βαθύ Αστυπάλαιας: Έρευνα και µελέτη σε ένα διαχρονικό παλίµψηστο της νησιωτικής αρχαιολογίας ………………………………………………………….. ΜΑΡΙΑ ΜΟΥΚΑΖΗ: Λυχνάρια, πύραυνα, θυµιατήρια της εποχής του χαλκού στο Αιγαίο ………………………………………… ΘΕΟ∆ΟΣΗΣ Ν. ∆ΙΑΚΟΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ: Στο Ασκληπιείο της Κω γινόντουσαν θεοκρατικές θεραπείες; ………………………………. ΑΓΓΕΛΙΚΗ ΚΑΤΣΙΩΤΗ: Η κυκλοφορία λυχναριών της ύστερης αρχαιότητας στις Κυκλάδες και τα ∆ωδεκάνησα. Η περίπτωση των λυχναριών «αιγαιακού τύπου» ……………………………. ΚΑΛΛΙΟΠΗ ΜΠΑΪΡΑΜΗ: Ρόδος: Ο απόηχος των ελληνιστικών εργαστηρίων στην γλυπτική παραγωγή του νησιού τη ρωµαϊκή περίοδο. Οι σχέσεις µε τα γειτονικά κέντρα …………………… ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ ΗΛ. ΒΟΛΑΝΑΚΗΣ: Τα µοναστήρια του όρους Λάτµου της Μικράς Ασίας και η µονή του Αγίου Ιωάννου του Θεολόγου της Πάτµου ……………………………………………. ΕΛΕΝΗ Κ. ΠΑΠΑΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΥ: Ανάγλυφο από τον Άγ. Γεώργιο (Χουρµαλί) στη Μεσαιωνική Πόλη της Ρόδου: Μια πρώτη ανάγνωση και ερµηνεία …………………………………………. ΜΙΧΑΗΛ Ι. ΚΟΥΤΕΛΛΑΣ: Το Μαρτύριο-Βαπτιστήριο της Παλαιοπαναγιάς στον Βαθύ Καλύµνου …………………………… ΙΟΥΛΙΑ Κ. ΠΑΠΑΕΥΤΥΧΙΟΥ: Ξερολιθικά κτίσµατα στο νησί της Καλύµνου. Η αξία και η απαξίωσή τους …………………... ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ ΜΑΣΤΡΟΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ: Εικόνες που ταξιδεύουν… Φορητά ζωγραφικά έργα από την Κύπρο στα νησιά του Αιγαίου… ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ ΜΑΣΤΡΟΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ: Michael Heslop, Medieval Greece. Encounters Between Latins, Greeks, and Others in the Dodecanese and the Mani, εκδ. Routledge, London-New York 2021. (Βιβλιοπαρουσίαση) ……………………………….

In 1992, the member states of the Council of Europe co-signed the European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage in Valletta (Malta) This has led to the development-led archaeology in many countries, also in the Netherlands, especially from 2001 onwards. But has Development-led archaeology been able to generate new knowledge about the past? Has increased prospection and excavation activity payed of? Should we continue in the same style, or should we formulate new kinds of research questions?
These are the kinds of questions that the present book aims to discuss. The main goal is to assess the gain in knowledge resulting from development-led archaeology, notably for remains of the period 2850-1500 cal BC: the Late Neolithic, the Early Bronze Age and the start of the Middle Bronze Age. We know this period very well from burial mounds and bronze hoards. Bronze objects and burial assemblages are widely discussed in international literature, for the Bell Beaker period even with the Netherlands as a typological role model. The question we raise in this book is whether development-led archaeology has confirmed this picture, or whether large scale excavations in ‘Malta-context’ have generated other types of evidence. Have we been able to detect houses from these periods, or settlements? Are these comparable for all regions or are there regional differences? Do we have indications for social stratification; for migrations?
The answers to such questions are hidden in the many reports that development-led archaeology has produced in the last 15 years. The problem is that so many site reports have been, that it is a large task to synthesise these data and translate them into coherent models. Therefor the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) commissioned the authors to go over all the data assembled in the last 15 years, present them to the wider public in a synthesised form, and answer a number of research questions. Because these data are published in Dutch language site reports, this book has been written in English to make the data available to a European (scientific) public. Relevant sites have all been summarised in Chapter 7, which therefore has become the central part of this publication. A synthesis of the Dutch data was formulated in Chapter 8, demonstrating that especially settlement evidence has dramatically changed our perception of the period. The traditional image based on burial data needs to be altered completely. This has implications for the international discourse on the Beaker period as well.
The book ends with a large number of methodical and theoretical avenues that can be followed to gain more knowledge in the next fifteen years of development-led archaeology. We plea for a far more integrated approach between all specialists involved in archaeological excavation and post-excavation analysis. Only then we will be really able to generate new knowledge about the past.

- by Harry Fokkens and +2
- •
- Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Bronze Age Archaeology, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Settlement archaeology

A rare Chalcolithic rolled-gold bead-like ornament dated to c. 2400–2200 cal. BC was found in association with sherds of early Beaker ware in an Early Bronze Age Collared Urn burial dated
to c. 1545–1450 cal. BC. The grave was located at Pendleton, Lancashire. This paper reports on the AMS radiocarbon dates for the burial context along with X-ray composition analysis of the
gold ornament, which shows the object had a high platinum content consistent with alluvial, placer, deposits possibly originating in Brittany, France rather than the British Isles. This
unparalleled rolled-gold ornament is compared to the corpus of British and French rolled-gold ornaments and contemporary goldwork and a provenance, manufacture and biography of the find is explored. Both curation and fragmentation are considered in the context of a dated Beaker ware assemblage from the local domestic site of Lower Brockholes, Preston, as well as existing corpora of Beaker and Collared Urn ware from the region.

- by David Barrowclough
- •
- European History, Cultural Studies, European Studies, Archaeology

Over a period of more than 10 years, Horsens Museum undertook a series of excavations at Østbirk, north of Horsens. These resulted in an extensive and diverse body of evidence from a settlement area with scattered houses and an associated cemetery with barrows and flat-field graves. The two areas lay together within a melt-water valley that also framed their areal extent. In dating terms, the burial ground extends from the Single Grave culture to the early Pre-Ro-man Iron Age, while the settlement is restricted to the period from the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age period IA (EBA IA), 2350-1600 BC. Neither the settlement nor the burial ground have been fully exposed , but collectively these two areas provide an excellent insight into a local agrarian community that, in the course of the Late Ne-olithic, developed under successive external cultural influences. In Late Neolithic I (LN I), these were, in the first instance, from the northern Jutish Bell Beaker environment, while in Late Neolithic II (LN II) they came from southern Sweden and the continental Únětice culture. The changes saw expression in not only a number of new artefact types but also in completely new grave forms and house types. In LN II, the latter included the hybrid house and the three-aisled longhouse, which both occurred together with the traditional two-aisled longhouse with a sunken floor. Throughout the entire habitation period, the settlement consisted of small households that, via economic cooperation, were able to practise intensive arable agriculture aimed at producing an economic surplus. The special significance of arable agriculture is demonstrated , first and foremost, by the farmsteads' utility-or economy buildings, and it was perhaps an increased need for these buildings that led to the development of new types of longhouses at the end of the period. The locality lay on one of the area's important travel and communication routes and later, in the Bronze Age, a palisade was built across the mouth of the valley, probably to regulate or control movement through this natural bottleneck.

- by per borup
- •
- Settlement Patterns, Single Grave Culture, Archaebotany, Early Bronze Age

Recent archaeological surveys in 2009 and 2010 at Bozköy-Hanaytepe in the Troad have recovered material very similar to the Early Bronze Age levels of Troy. Bozköy-Hanaytepe located 13 km south of Troy, is about 110 m in diameter and 11-12 m in height. The site is a coastal settlement within what Korfmann described as the 'Maritime culture of Troy I'. To date, Bozköy-Hanaytepe is the only settlement to have material both from pre-Troy I and from the Bronze Age cultures in the Troad. This article presents the Early Bronze Age material and the small amount of earlier material collected during the Bozköy-Hanaytepe site surveys and aims to examine the typological and chronological aspects of this recent finds. The material is closely related to comparative, stratified material from sites in West Anatolia, the Eastern Aegean Islands, the Greek Mainland, the Cyclades, and the Balkans. Bozköy-Hanaytepe can be considered as an important settlement in terms of acreage and the material density distinct from Troy. While Troy is a large central city, most of the settlements so far investigated have been characterized as smaller or satellite towns. Bozköy-Hanaytepe is one of the important settlements in the * Bu makale Crosscheck sistemi tarafından taranmış ve bu sistem sonuçlarına göre orijinal bir makale olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

- by Derya Yılmaz Tekin
- •
- Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Homer, Near Eastern Studies

Along the western Norwegian coast, in the northwestern region of the
Nordic Late Neolithic and Bronze Age (2350–500 BCE) there is cultural homogeneity
but variable expressions of political hierarchy. Although new ideological
institutions, technology (e.g., metallurgy and boat building), intensified agro‑pastoral
farming, and maritime travel were introduced throughout the region as of
2350 BCE, concentrations of expressions of Bronze Age elites are intermittently
found along the coast. Four regions—Lista, Jæren, Karmøy, and Sunnmøre—are
examined in an exploration of the establishment and early role of maritime practices
in this Nordic region. It is argued that the expressions of power and material
wealth concentrated in these four regions is based on the control of bottlenecks,
channels, portages, and harbors along important maritime routes of travel. As
such, this article is a study of prehistoric travel, sources of power, and maritime
landscapes in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Norway.

- by Christopher Prescott and +2
- •
- Social Archaeology, Scandinavian Archaeology, Bell Beaker Culture, Nordic Bronze Age

Archive report from the 2013-15 excavations in Skrivarhelleren rockshelter (in Norwegian)

- by Christopher Prescott
- •
- Upland Archaeology, Bronze Age (Archaeology), Late Neolithic, Transhumance

During rescue research carried out at Reformatów Street in the Wejherowo, unexpected discoveries were made. A unique find of a burial from the Early Bronze Age were found. The single skeletal grave discovered in Wejherowo is the first radiocarbon dated and comprehensively studied grave from the Early Bronze Age in the north part of Eastern Pomerania.
Beside artefacts from Early Bronze Age also relicts of ovens from the early Iron Age and two features of the unknown chronology were found.

Summary
This book is about socio-cultural developments in eastern Denmark (Zealand, Møn, Falster and Lolland) during the 3rd millennium BC, corresponding to the later Middle Neolithic and the Late Neolithic periods. Following the end of the Funnel Beaker culture, in the early 3rd millennium BC, eastern Denmark entered a culturally heterogeneous period displaying a mixture of various cultural elements usually ascribed to the so-called ‘Single Grave culture of the Danish islands’. This situation lasted until the end of the millennium and the beginning of the Late Neolithic around 2350 BC.
Research on the 3rd millennium BC has mainly centred on one of the many archaeologically defined cultures such as the Funnel Beaker culture, the Pitted Ware culture, the Single Grave culture, the Battle-Axe culture, the Late Neolithic culture or the Bell Beaker culture. In order to understand the culturally complex period in eastern Denmark at this time, I go beyond these defined cultural groups and instead explain the decisive changes that took place here as part of one extended transformation process. The aim is thereby to advance a new and coherent understanding of cultural and social developments as evident from the late Funnel Beaker period to the emergence of incipient Bronze Age societies at the onset of the 2nd millennium BC.
Traditionally, the Single Grave culture has been thought to have succeeded the Funnel Beaker culture around 2800 BC. However, material associated with the Single Grave culture did not appear in eastern Denmark before about 2600 BC. On the basis of a revision of new and existing radiocarbon dates from late Funnel Beaker contexts, I propose that the Funnel Beaker culture lasted until about 2600 BC in the eastern part of southern Scandinavia. Consequently, the late Funnel Beaker culture coexisted with the Single Grave and Pitted Ware cultures for more than 200 years.
Based on an analysis of the archaeological record from the entire 3rd millennium BC, including artefacts, settlements, graves and hoards, I have shown that a high degree of continuity existed throughout the millennium. Nevertheless, some significant changes coincided with the widespread use of flint daggers in the Late Neolithic. I explain the culturally diffuse period that emerged following the end of the Funnel Beaker culture in terms of a cultural creolisation process by which Single Grave, Battle-Axe and Pitted Ware cultural elements were adopted into a setting that basically consisted of a continuation of Funnel Beaker norms and traditions. This process arose from the combination of a strong local identity rooted in eastern Denmark’s position as a Funnel Beaker and megalithic heartland, together with new influences from the Single Grave culture. As a consequence, the term ‘Single Grave culture of the Danish islands’ is abandoned.
At the end of the culturally diversified Middle Neolithic, new material and cultural trends influenced southern Scandinavia, thereby creating, on a long-term basis, a new and far more homogeneous cultural expression as known from the Early Bronze Age. As eastern Denmark gradually became more and more involved in the European Bronze Age world, the old Funnel Beaker norms slowly vanished, and as contacts increased with the Únětice culture at the onset of the 2nd millennium BC, the flow of metal into Denmark reached levels that permitted the development of incipient hierarchies. The old kinship-based tribal Funnel Beaker communities focused on communal tombs and ancestor worship slowly changed and the way was laid open for the emergence of hierarchical Bronze Age societies.

Abb. 1 Stab dolch aus Stolpe (Landesmuseum Schleswig-Holstein Inv.-Nr. KS 541) -===--Abb. 2 Zeichnung des Stabdolches aus Stolpe (Landesmuseum Schleswig-Holstein Inv.-Nr. KS 541) dienen. Beide theoretischen Herangehensweisen konzentieren... more

Os dados arqueológicos, pela sua complexidade/multiplicidade, têm sido tratados por várias disciplinas. Esta realidade permitiu aos arqueólogos construir narrativas históricas que se aproximam, mais do que nunca, das comunidades do Passado. Para esta realidade contribuem também os resultados dos trabalhos de ADN antigo que, recentemente, se têm focado no território peninsular. Estes enfatizam complexos contactos (não apenas com áreas hoje europeias), bem como distintos padrões de mobilidade segundo o sexo dos indivíduos. Todavia, a sua principal conclusão prende-se com a identificação de uma ruptura genética na transição entre o Calcolítico e a Idade do Bronze, na qual os genes locais são substituídos, em 99%, por indivíduos com ancestralidade genética do cromossoma Y da estepe Pôntico-Cáspia. Assim, é necessário contextualizar arqueologicamente esta substituição, sugerindo hipóteses que permitam compreender, em que medida, as dinâmicas sugeridas pelo ADN podem contribuir para o conhecimento do final abrupto das comunidades Calcolíticas do Sul de Portugal (entenda-se o interior Alentejano), na transição para a Idade do Bronze.

Neman culture sites as a rule feature rather numerous flint materials that accompany ceramic ware. The most marked typological category among these is flint projectile points. They represent various types referring to such points known from the production of Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age cultures. On account of some of their morphological traits it is possible also to subject these goods to analysis by considering the direction of contacts and cultural relations. Flint projectile points from four best-known Neman sites were subjected to analysis therefore in the context of excavations in the second half of the 20th century; from respectively Sośnia, Woźna wieś, Stacze and Grądy-Woniecko. The ensuing research from the sites constitutes the basis of source materials that inform the present state of knowledge on various questions to do with the function of Neman culture communities.On the basis of morphological traits, seven basic types have been established among the projectile points analysed. These are as follows: asymmetric triangular, symmetric triangular with an oblique base, symmetric triangular with a straight base, symmetric triangular with concave or undulating sides, triangular with a hollow base, cordate and tanged. The subsequent step in research was the attempt to establish which of these types can be directly associated with the production of Neman culture communities and an attempt to define their chronology. On the basis of the analysis relating to data concerning the context and frequency of occurrence and possible analogies with such points known beyond the production of the Neman culture, a thesis was advanced on the role and locus of the above established types in the context of the flint production of this culture’s communities.In the light of the relevant research results one ought to no doubt recognise these triangular points as that of Neman culture, with the oldest appearing to be asymmetrical triangular. On the other hand, symmetrical triangular points with straight sides and straight base may be considered relatively late chronologically. Similarly, symmetrical triangular points featuring concave or undulating sides may be considered to fall in the same chronology.Further, such triangular points with a hollowed base or indeed cordate ones can be ascribed a clear chronological period — associated with the production of the CWC and MC (Mierzanowice culture). At the present stage of re-search, however, it is difficult to define these chronologically as perhaps belonging to the Neman culture — laurel-leaf points, not taken into consideration in the above proposed typology. In turn, various forms of tanged projectile points — most certainly — have no connection with the production of Neman communities and it should be pointed out that their chronology is decidedly younger.

In 1956 and 1957 prof. A.E. van Giffen, the nestor of Dutch Archaeology, excavated two burial mounds near Oostwoud, on a parcel named ‘Tuithoorn’ in de province of Noord-Holland. These mounds appeared to have been erected in the Late Neolithic between 2500 and 1900 cal BC.
They contained at least 12 well preserved skeletons dating to the Late Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.
The present article is an attempt to re-analyse the data of the investigations by Van Giffen, but also of later research by M. de Weerd in 1963 and 1966, and by J.D. Van der Waals in 1977 and J.N. Lanting in 1978 in the same mounds. In the framework of the NWO-project Farmers of the Coast, the first author undertook the task to collect the dispersed data and to try to unravel the sequences of burial. Aided by the
Leiden University Bakels fund, and a fund of the Province of Noord-Holland, we also had the opportunity to sample the bones for DNA and isotopes, and to study the pathology of the skeletons. Some of the analyses are not yet finished, but here we publish the excavation data using the original field drawings and day notes, and much of the original
photography.
We have done this in some detail because the site is one of the most important in its kind in the Netherlands and because it will play an important role in the discussion about Bell Beaker mobility and genetics in the near future.

- by Harry Fokkens and +2
- •
- Bell Beakers (Archaeology), Osteoarchaeology, Burial Practices (Archaeology), Ancient DNA Research

In the years around 1500 BC some important changes took place in architecture and monumental construction. The tradition with two-aisled houses and sunken-floors was completely replaced by the three-aisled building tradition. The new house-type was often built in a very timber-consuming way. At the same time barrow construction culminates in number, dimensions and resources involved. However, the three-aisled construction was known before Early Bronze Age period II. In recent years, more examples of three-aisled houses have been found with radiocarbon datings to the EBA I and even LN II, along with hybrids between two-and three-aisled buildings. These experiments with the three-aisled construction seem to have been most popular in Jutland. Furthermore, this is the area, where the building of monuments in the centuries 1500-1200 BC is most remarkable. Here we find some of the largest and richest barrows together with huge longhouses of the bolewall-type.

- by Lars Grundvad
- •
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Settlement archaeology, Late Neolithic
- by Paul Ciobotaru and +1
- •
- Prehistoric Archaeology, Metallurgy, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Prehistoric weapons
- by Christina Papoulia and +2
- •
- Prehistoric Archaeology, Mediterranean prehistory, Island archaeology, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology)

Gravfält, hällristningar och boplatslämningar i Tanum, Bohuslän. Undersökta 2007. Gravarna har daterats främst till perioden senneolitikum–förromersk järnålder. Boplatslämningarna var från samma tidsperiod men här fanns även ett... more

In the last years, the re-examination of old finds, some casual discoveries and recent excavation works allowed us to update our knowledge on the latest phases of the Neolithic and Eneolithic in Friuli. The increasing data at our disposal do not allow to present an organic picture yet, but it depicts a vast occupation area characterised during the Late Neolithic by a Padan cultural influence, whilst during the Eneolithic significant signs of connections with the transalpine and especially the Balkan worlds have emerged.

Over the last decades, a number of large scale investigations have been undertaken in Vejen Municipality. From this micro-region of only 814 km2, located in the central part of southern Jutland, 130 houses have been documented from the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. As a result, there is a need for a comprehensive study of the developments that can be read through this house data. This article addresses settlement dynamics from the middle of the Late Neolithic to the late Early Bronze Age (c. 2000 – 1200 BC), for the period into which most of these houses fall. We see a correlation between the intensification of cultivation and greater settlement density during the course of the Late Neolithic. There is strong archaeological evidence for arable farming in two-aisled houses with sunken-floors, large two-aisled longhouses without depressions and in early three-aisled houses. The importance of livestock, on the other hand, is more unclear, as archaeological evidence is rare in comparison to cultivation. Archaeobotanical analyses have shown that the overall structuring of space was surprisingly similar between the houses from both periods. In terms of function and internal layout, there was rather more continuity between the late two-aisled and early three-aisled longhouses. Given this, we may question whether the need for animal stalling was the cause for the introduction of the three-aisled building tradition. This new architectural tradition should be understood from a monumental perspective rather than from a simple practical explanation. The building method allowed the dimensions of longhouses to increase. The emergence of the three-aisled building tradition occured at the same time as houses were situated at elevated and more communicative locations in the landscape. Additionally, house wall constructions became more robust which required enormous timber resources. This timber consumption is, to a certain extent, comparable to the large number og turfs needed for barrow construction.

Late Neolithic, Bell Beakers or Early Bronze Age Site in Central Western France (Enclosure, Pits, Pottery).

The production of flint projectile points in the late
stage of the Neman culture shows certain elements which
are clearly similar in terms of technology and typology
to the solutions known from flint-working of the people representing the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age cultures. The occurrence of such features has already been
presented in relation to Neman culture ceramic production which lies at the heart of the concept of separating horizons within Linin type complexes. An in-depth
analysis of the techno-typological features of flintworking in the Neman culture, and especially the typological category of projectile points, reveals similar patterns as well as cultural and chronological references in
the case of ceramics.
The most striking elements show analogies to those
known from the south-eastern area of the cultural groupings influenced by impulses flowing from the civilization
centres of the time. Traces of these influences are clear in
certain typological and technological solutions, such as
the forms of triangular projectile points, or in applying
a trough-like retouch on such points. At the current stage
of research, it is hard to determine whether the analogies observed result from not yet recognised intercultural
contacts, or rather constitute a certain signum temporis
characteristic of production in a wider area but during
a single, specific chronological interval.

The transition from the Late Neolithic (LN)

- by Dimitra Malamidou and +2
- •
- Neolithic Europe, Radiocarbon Dating (Archaeology), Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age

XII Col•loqui Internacional d’Arqueologia de Puigcerdà.

- by Francesc Burjachs
- •
- Palaeoenvironment, Archaeobotany, Paleoenvironment, Palynology

The production of flint projectile points in the late stage of the Neman culture shows certain elements which are clearly similar in terms of technology and typology to the solutions known from flint-working of the people representing the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age cultures. The occurrence of such features has already been presented in relation to Neman culture ceramic production which lies at the heart of the concept of separating horizons within Linin type complexes. An in-depth analysis of the techno-typological features of flintworking in the Neman culture, and especially the typological category of projectile points, reveals similar patterns as well as cultural and chronological references in the case of ceramics. The most striking elements show analogies to those known from the south-eastern area of the cultural groupings influenced by impulses flowing from the civilization centres of the time. Traces of these influences are clear in certain typological and technological s...

In the Bronze Age of Yakutia three cultures were allocated. Besides the Ust'-Mil' culture (mid-2nd-1st millennia B. C.), which roller ceramics was characteristic of, the culture of ceramics decorated with «pearls» existed in Southern Yakutia in the 2nd millennium B. C. The «Survival-Ymy'yakhtakh» culture with advanced bronze-casting business existed in Northern Yakutia in the 1st millennium B. C. and up to the mid-1st millennium A. D.
В бронзовом веке Якутии выделяется три культуры. Помимо усть-мильской культуры (середина II-I тыс. до н.э.), для которой была характерна валиковая керамика, в Южной Якутии во II тыс. до н.э. существовала культура керамики, украшенной «жемчужинами». В Северной Якутии в I тыс. до н.э. и до середины I тыс. н.э. существовала пережиточно-ымыяхтахская культура с развитым бронзолитейным делом.

Given the available space, I will focus on the Nordic Bronze Age (BA). Rich data, evolving methods, and conceptual rejuvenation of continental perspectives, politics, conflict and society, and an appreciation of the diversity and scale of BA economy: Ling et al. aim to pull this body of knowledge together and comparatively interpret it. Factors like the Bell Beaker Culture's (BBC) expansion, maritime capacity, trade, slavery and warriors are essential analytical components, recasting the scale and structure of BA economy, networks and society.

- by Gary Rollefson and +1
- •
- Late Neolithic, Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age

The transition from the Late Neolithic (LN) period (locally also called Final Neolithic or Chalcolithic) to the Early Bronze Age (EBA) in Greece and the Southeast Balkans is an obscure period in human history. Previous radiocarbon evidence showed that in settlements with stratigraphical sequences stretching out on both periods, the absolute dates featured a gap ranging from 700 to 1000 years (roughly between 4000 and 3300/3000 cal. BC). On the other hand, there is only scarce evidence about settlements that would have been founded during the missing period, thus arising questions of paramount importance about the human occupational strategies in this period. Investigation tackling this particular problem is carried out within the framework of a broader research project (Balkans-4000) funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR). Here we discuss the latest radiocarbon results from three recently excavated multilayer settlements on the continental Greek Eastern Macedonia: Dikil...

- by Stratis Papadopoulos
- •
- Ancient History, Geography, Archaeology, Neolithic Europe

On site 53 in Smarglin, the remains of two settlements were found: a settlement
of the Funnel Beaker culture from phase II of its development, and a settlement
from the beginning of the INB. In this paper we attempt to present monographically
the material from the turn of the Neolithic and Bronze Age. The paper consists of
three pars: part I, presenting source information and the method of its analysis;
part II, discussing the problem of homogeneity of the complex; and, part III, discussing the cultural-chronological and genetic identification of the complex.

The transition from the Late Neolithic (LN)

- by Gary Rollefson and +1
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- Late Neolithic, Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age