Lateral Loads Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In many countries, buildings are usually made of unreinforced clay masonry walls, especially in Colombia. These constructions have low resistance and ductility, and are very vulnerable to seismic events, due to their low capacity of... more

In many countries, buildings are usually made of unreinforced clay masonry walls, especially in Colombia. These constructions have
low resistance and ductility, and are very vulnerable to seismic events, due to their low capacity of energy dissipation. This paper
reports the results obtained from a research project that evaluates the behavior of reinforced masonry walls under lateral loads. The
reinforcement was made using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP). In the test program, eight (8) clay masonry walls were built
using hollow brick. Four (4) of them were 1,23 m long and 1,90 m high and the remaining four (4) were 2,47 m long and 1,90 m
high. Four (4) walls were tested with a static lateral load and four (4) with a cyclic lateral load in its plane. Results revealed that the
presence of the reinforcement material significantly increased the ultimate load and deformation capacity, provided that the material
has a suitable anchoring system.

In this modern era of 21st century the urbanization increases worldwide, in heavily populated cities the availability of land is becoming less and cost of land is becoming higher. In view of popularity & less availability of land, tall... more

In this modern era of 21st century the urbanization increases worldwide, in heavily populated cities the availability of land is becoming less and cost of land is becoming higher. In view of popularity & less availability of land, tall structures are only solutions for overcoming the problems. A tall structure should be designed to resist the lateral load like Earthquake force within the permissible limits set by Standards. Loads are mainly of two types that are Gravity Loads & Lateral Loads likes Earthquake load. Earthquake forces are further two types, Static Forces & Dynamic Forces. It would be linear and Non-linear also. Linear static analysis can be performed for Low Rise Structure & law earthquake zones only. For tall structure it is necessary to consider nonlinearity, which is generally observed in geometry & materials. Our study is based on " P-Delta " analysis which incorporates geometric nonlinearity in the analysis. The study will be performed on structural software ETABS.

The aim of present study, "Investigation of behavior of combined effect of x and diamond bracing system for high rise steel structure. "By using STAAD. pro v8i. The objective of this paper is to analysis and design different parameter in... more

The aim of present study, "Investigation of behavior of combined effect of x and diamond bracing system for high rise steel structure. "By using STAAD. pro v8i. The objective of this paper is to analysis and design different parameter in high rise steel structure by using staad.pro v8i. In this paper G+20 storied building considered and various lateral load like wind load and seismic load. Analysis the result obtained in staad.pro for efficient bracing system. Keywords: Bracing system, High rise steel structure, Lateral loads. I. INTRODUCTION An emerging demand for earthquake resistant structure provokes new trends in seismic analysis. Earthquake is a natural calamity which is very much unpredictable and causes a large damage to the structures even resulting in the failure of the entire structure. Thus, the buildings and structural frames must be designed such that they can withstand a large earthquake force and maintain its stability for its entire life period. Due to earthquake, these structures are susceptible to collapse or undergo large lateral displacements. This displacement can be brought into limit by providing the ductility in the structure. This ductile behavior can be achieved by the stable plastic deformation of structural members. There are various techniques which are used to limit the deformation due to lateral loading bracing system is one of them. Bracing system consists of inclined members in addition to the moment resisting frame system. Conventional bracings are the secondary members which undergoes large deformation and yields under earthquake loading. Braces save primary members from damage. There are certain limitations of conventional bracing system such as buckling of compression brace member under compressive loading. Buckling in compression leads to sudden loss stiffness. To avoid buckling of bracing buckling restrained bracings have developed, in which buckling is prevented. Moment resisting frame (MRF) possess high ductility while concentric bracing system possess high stiffness, to achieve appropriate ductility and stiffness, O grid bracing system have developed. To achieve both high stiffness and energy absorption capacity, a new type of bracing system have developed known as braced ductile shear panel. Braced ductile shear panel provides high stiffness, excellent energy absorption capacity and stable hysteresis characteristics. Different bracing systems have developed to achieve various parameters. (M.Boostani 2018) To study the behavior of different bracing systems and frames, various analysis methods have developed. To study the linear stress strain behavior of structure linear dynamic analysis is carried out. Response spectrum analysis is a linear dynamic analysis method. In response spectrum method lateral seismic load is obtained from dynamic response of building subjected to respective ground motion. Vibration modes have determined following to the linear dynamic analysis. Maximum response of each mode is obtained by using vibration period of mode. Seismic forces for linear design of building are obtained from linear spectrum that depends on natural period of building and soil condition. FEM (finite element modeling) helps to calculate response of each mode separately. The maximum response can be calculated by using statistical method such as SRSS (square root sum of squares) and CQC (complete quadratic combination). In response spectrum analysis minimum 3 first modes or all the modes that include at least 90% (IS 1893) of the participating mass of structure. To study the non linear stress strain behavior of structure non linear static analysis is carried out. Non linear static analysis also called as pushover analysis. It is use to determine seismic structural deformation. To obtain the performance of structure displacement, base shear are provided to structure and it reveals yield and failure points. Response spectra are curve plotted between maximum response of SDOF system subjected to specified earthquake ground motion and its time period or frequency it gives peak structural responses under linear range which can be used for obtaining lateral forces developed in structure due to earthquake.

In tall buildings, tubular structures have become a popular feature over the past few years. For all tall buildings, tubing in tube systems is especially tubes at the corners; the whole building behaves like a massive tube. Between the... more

In tall buildings, tubular structures have become a popular feature over the past few years. For all tall buildings, tubing in tube systems is especially tubes at the corners; the whole building behaves like a massive tube. Between the inner and outer tubes, lateral loads are exchanged. Different models were developed in the E-TABS V15 programme to research the seismic performance of tubes in tube structures by varying the position of the inner tubes. The structures are studied using a continuum method in which the horizontal slabs and beams connecting vertical components are considered to have equal distributed stiffness properties as a continuous connecting medium. To have a comparative analysis on the model, the equivalent static is evaluated Suitable. A tube contains a peripheral framed tube and a central tube interconnected by floor slabs in a tube framework. With smaller.

Compare the performance of Diagrid structural system and chevron braced frame by using Staad pro software. To analyses the stability of structure in seismic zone according to comparison between bending moment diagram, shear force... more

Compare the performance of Diagrid structural system and chevron braced frame by using Staad pro software. To analyses the stability of structure in seismic zone according to comparison between bending moment diagram, shear force variation. The STAAD-PRO software is used to develop 3D rendering model and to carry out the analysis. The lateral load such as earthquake to be applied on the buildings are based on the Indian standards. The study is performed for seismic zone-IV (Delhi) as per IS 1893:2002 (Earthquake load).

In image processing one of significant perspective is the image compression. It is concerned in reducing the quantity of fundamental element to represent of an image. An immense memory and high data transfer capacity are required for... more

In image processing one of significant perspective is the image compression. It is concerned in reducing the quantity of fundamental element to represent of an image. An immense memory and high data transfer capacity are required for transmission of pictures continuously. Hereafter to build the organization capacities of winning organizations in a successful way and furthermore to make the interest for capacity to an economical level, image compression gives a quick solution for this arrangement. In this proposed work, an effective discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is designed for compression of image by utilizing fundamental cell strategy and a streamlined controller pathway laterally with a capable design architecture is suggested. The architecture design is thought by reasonably interconnecting the units and is realized in Verilog HDL. The task complier is been utilized to synthesize and confirm the design functional practically by utilizing the EDA tool. The result of the approach shows decline in power use, repetition in memory utilization, high-throughput and less latency contrasted with other existing techniques.

The advancements in engineering and technology, development of high strength structural materials, rise in population and lack of land area available due to the raise in land prices and rapid urbanization have led to the development of... more

The advancements in engineering and technology, development of high strength structural materials, rise in population and lack of land area available due to the raise in land prices and rapid urbanization have led to the development of high rise buildings in the modern era. The tall buildings are the most susceptible to the lateral loadings due to the wind and seismic forces. The trend of taller and slender structures makes it necessary to develop the structural configuration which can resist the lateral loads effectively with minimum cost. The outrigger bracing system provides the solution to control excessive drift and displacement in such buildings. In this study, the conventional structural model having the central core of reinforced cement concrete and the models with outrigger at different heights of the building are modeled for the 20, 40 and 60 storey building heights. The aim of this paper is to suggest a suitable location of outrigger bracing system to control excessive top storey displacement.

In present day constructions, many high rise apartment buildings are constructed in which frame is the most common structural form. Generally, in multi storey buildings only frames are not sufficient to take horizontal force, which is... more

In present day constructions, many high rise apartment buildings are constructed in which frame is the most common structural form. Generally, in multi storey buildings only frames are not sufficient to take horizontal force, which is produced by earthquake or wind, as stiffness or ductility of the frame is less. To enhance the stability of building against lateral loads there are different kinds of techniques are used such as base isolation method, bracings, providing shear wall etc., in which we have adopted provision of shear wall in building design. Analysis of shear wall thus becomes necessary for stiffness and stability purpose that can be much utilized for safety in building. In this project, the parametric study of RC framed structure with and without provision of shear wall is to be carried out and parameters like shear force, bending moment, storey drift etc. will be checked by using software like ETABS.

Now a day, the population is biggest problem in India, to overcome that, there is need of vertical development instead of horizontal development. And therefore there is a demand of Tall structures. Structural frame only are not sufficient... more

Now a day, the population is biggest problem in India, to overcome that, there is need of vertical development instead of horizontal development. And therefore there is a demand of Tall structures. Structural frame only are not sufficient to stand against various loading act on the building. In RC building, Shear wall is the most appropriate structure form, which improves structural behavior in tall buildings. This resists lateral loads like wind & earthquake force efficiently and therefore studying of the shear wall in structural system is necessary. In this study the behavior of the R.C. building with shear wall is analyzed by providing openings in the shear wall and the resultant parameters like displacement, time period, stiffness etc. are compared by using structural software ETABS.