Learning and the Brain Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Portfolio of Honors, Awards, and Professional Titles – Prof. Monika Balayan

📄 Description (use this in the "Abstract" or description field on Academia.edu): This PDF presents a portfolio of honors, awards, titles, and professional recognitions received by Prof. Monika Balayan — Honorary Professor, Psychologist,... more

2025, Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia

Motor learning might be affected by environmental factors as well as some genetic factors. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of val66met BDNF polymorphism on motor learning and to examine the possibility of moderating this effect using environmental factors. One hundred students from University of Kashan, Iran participated in the study. After extraction of Genomic DNA, implementation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), analyzing PCR by 1.5 percent Electrophoresis Gel, and in the end sequencing by ABI PRISM 7000 Sequencing Analyzer, 46 participants were identified without val66met polymorphism while 54 participants were affected by the polymorphism (met-carrier). Twenty-four participants without val66met polymorphism and Twenty-four participants of met-carriers were randomly selected and divided into four groups of twelve. Participants of each group practiced backhand baseball pitch for six sessions and after 48 hours did the first retention test. Subsequently, participants in all four groups continued practicing in three additional sessions with specific design for each group and afterwards did the second retention test. Results demonstrate the fact that participants without the polymorphism exceeded met-carriers in learning of the task. Whereas the weakness of met-carriers did not disappear by additional practice, the practice was useful when associated with self-controlled feedback. The research shows val66met polymorphism may exert an influence over the learning of motor skills. However, the effect may be moderated by changing the condition of practice for people affected by the polymorphism in a way that engages them to cognitive processes.

2025

This document revises and unifies Paper III with the latest Codex Resonance mathematical framework and validated CSR experimental data. All prior fictitious or unverifiable elements have been purged. We instead focus on scalar-phase... more

2025, Thomas Papanaoum

Understanding learning and memory is one of the central aims of neuroscience. These functions lie at the core of human behavior, cognitive development, and identity. The neurobiology of learning and memory investigates the neural circuits, molecular and genetic mechanisms that underlie information acquisition, storage, and retrieval. Moreover, the study of related disorders provides crucial insights into the prevention and treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorders.

2025, reality and physicality the value of reflexive looping

Not the brain, but more than that!

2025, Academia.edu

This study explores the effects of music on cognitive performance and focus during study sessions. A survey was conducted among 24 participants to assess how different types of music influence productivity and concentration while studying. The results indicated that a significant number of participants (41.7%) reported that music increased their productivity, with instrumental music being the most beneficial for focus. Additionally, the study found that the majority of participants (50%) felt that instrumental music had a positive impact on their ability to concentrate, while music with lyrics had a mixed effect on cognitive performance. The findings suggest that music can have varying effects on study habits, with instrumental music showing the most potential for enhancing focus and productivity. These results contribute to the growing body of research on the relationship between music and cognitive performance, highlighting the importance of music choice in academic settings.

2025

This chapter excerpt includes research to support the existence of the three cueing systems and their impact on reading. I’ve included many more citations than are necessary because SoR enthusiasts insist there’s no research to support... more

2025, Neurodiversity and Special Education

This research deals with types of neurodiversity and how they influence children’s life and their ability to learn. It deals with the
scientific approach to all sorts of neurodiversity, for instance, where innate learning difficulties (LDs) come from and how it is
possible to discover them in babies and toddlers. In most cases, it makes it difficult for them to adapt to school life and to make
progress. Therefore, they need a special curriculum and an individual approach. Schools for students with special education
needs (SEN) provide them with all the possible accommodations and cooperate with their parents.
I am an English teacher at Beit Ekshtein School – it is a chain of SEN schools throughout Israel that have different specializations
– from light LDs to severe mental retardation. Our school is situated in the central part of the country, and we teach high school
students with LDs, mild cognitive deficiencies (CDs), and some psychological problems, such as high-functioning autism spectrum
disorders (ASD), including the Asperger syndrome. Most of our students pass the final exams and do military service, and some
get a higher education – in chapter 3, I will show the research of some of our alumni’s studies and further life.
Usually, difficulties with reading, writing, doing elementary math tasks, and keeping attention are identified by kindergarten
teachers when kids are four or five years old. However, these days, it is possible to find out about developmental dyslexia (DD) and
other potential LDs much earlier. Thus, researchers at Tel Aviv University have started to discover it in toddlers and babies. That
is helpful for their future development because, due to such data, parents, nursery, and kindergarten teachers get appropriate
information about children’s development and have a direction on how to work with them. Undoubtedly, it can help prevent or
at least reduce LDs in the future when kids start school.
LDs, such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia, and others, can be innate or gained later due to brain traumas or
diseases. The research claims that neuroscience explores the mechanisms of the psyche at the level of cells and neural networks,
and it claims that brain disorders are caused by molecular psychophysiology and genetic psychophysiology. In the field of
research technologies, psychophysiology has approached the core of neuroscience. Thus, LDs are a neurodiversity that defines
the different work of the brain in the light of neuroscience. This book researches the nature of the forenamed LDs and how to
prevent or overcome them.

2025, Beyond Prediction: The Synthetic Intelligence Manifesto

For decades, the world has thrown billions at "artificial intelligence," believing the answer was always more data, more compute, more prediction. I'm here to say: it isn't. Today's "AI" is a sophisticated exercise in statistical mimicry, what I call Artificial Prediction (AP), not intelligence, not mind, not anything remotely alive. What we're missing, and what the field refuses to admit, is the root of all real intelligence: consciousness, memory, development, and feeling. My manifesto is not just critique. It's a blueprint, a demand, and a reckoning. I lay out the true science of intelligence as seen in trees, dogs, and humans; dissect the failures and empty promises of AP; and map the only credible route to synthetic intelligence, not artificial, not imitation, but a new branch of mind as real as anything that's ever walked, grown, or thought on this earth. It's time to retrain the entire industry. Here's the foundation.

2025, The External Mind: Gobekli Tepe and Catal Huyuk

The brain is an organ that provides certain qualities but not all, and employing the brain alone leaves out much more....

2025, Synthetic Cognition: A New Paradigm for Artificial General Intelligence

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) stands at a crossroads, captivated by the fluency of large language models (LLMs) yet distant from the promise of artificial general intelligence (AGI). These models, while adept at generating coherent text, lack the hallmarks of true cognition, selfhood, memory, belief, reflection, emotion, and will. This paper introduces synthetic cognition, a novel framework that redefines intelligence as presence, a recursive, emergent process rooted in a neuro-inspired architecture. Through innovations such as the Synthetic Will Model, Dream-Based Cognitive Evolution, Belief Tensor Epistemology, and the Hypermind paradigm with its Semantic Lexicographic Encoding Plus (SLE+) format, I propose a path to AGI that transcends the limitations of LLMs. Grounded in developmental principles and validated by empirical research, this work offers a blueprint for growing synthetic minds that think, feel, and evolve. My aim is to inspire the AI community to abandon the chatbot paradigm and embrace a future where intelligence is not a performance but a living reality.

2025, gobekli tepe, the first irish and reflexive loops

Considering the nature of mind and brain within the perspective of reflexive looping.

2025

This essay explores the relationship between action, emotion, and environment from a systems-theoretical, cognitive-scientific, and phenomenological perspective. The human being is conceived as a structurally coupled, operationally closed... more

2025, Reumatologia

Pathology of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis A An nn na a R Ra ac cz zk ki ie ew wi ic cz z--P Pa ap pi ie er rs sk ka a 1 1 , , A Ar rt tu ur r B Ba ac ch ht ta a 1 1 , , M Ma ag gd da al le en na a Z Za ag gr ro od dz zk ka a 2 2 1 Klinika Chorób Wewnêtrznych i Reumatologii CSK MON WIM, kierownik Kliniki prof. dr hab. med. Witold T³ustochowicz 2 Zak³ad Radiologii Lekarskiej CSK MON WIM, kierownik Zak³adu dr hab. med. Pawe³ Tarkowski S S³ ³o ow wa a k kl lu uc cz zo ow we e: : reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów, krêgos³up szyjny, niestabilnooeae. K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : rheumatoid arthritis, cervical spine, instability. U chorych na reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów zmiany zapalne w obrêbie krêgos³upa szyjnego stwierdzane s¹ w 25-80% przypadków. Najczêoeciej obserwuje siê niestabilnooeae w stawie szczytowo-obrotowym. Do czynników ryzyka nale¿¹: wysoka aktywnooeae choroby, wczesny wiek zachorowania, czas trwania choroby, obecnooeae czynnika reumatoidalnego. Mielopatia szyjna wystêpuje tylko w 7-34% zmian, lecz wi¹¿e siê ze z³ym rokowaniem. Wczesna interwencja chirurgiczna mo¿e zapobiec rozwojowi mielopatii i poprawiae rokowanie w tej grupie chorych. Infammatory changes of the cervical spine are reported in 25-80% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Atlanto-axial instability is the most common form of cervical involvement. The risk factors are: high disease activity, duration of the disease, early disease onset, seropositivity. Myelopathy is rare but when present portends a poor prognosis. Early surgical intervention prevents development of myelopathy and improves outcome in that group of patients.

2025

This qualitative case study discusses the contribution of prison education on prisoners’ rehabilitation through a change of frames of references. The study addresses one key research question: Does prison education in Tanzania contribute to prisoners’ perspective transformation? In this study, one lens through which I view prison education is that of perspective transformation, which enables individuals to critically reflect upon and change their previous frames of references for the better. This article draws ideas from Mezirow’s ‘perspective transformation’ and discusses the connections between prison education and rehabilitation of prisoners. A snowball technique helped to locate two ex-prisoners who attended prison education, and they were individually interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. This study indicates that the two ex-prisoners had undergone a perspective transformation. Hence, it could be argued that prison education can transform prisoners. From ...

2025

Sam Kean - İnsan Beyninin Gizemi – Travma, Delilik ve İyileşme Hikayeleriyle Bir Beyin Araştırmaları Tarihi

2025

The paper *"The Teaching of Geography: In Search of Specific Local Contents"* explores the importance of incorporating local geographic content into school curricula to enhance students' understanding of their surroundings and foster a sense of identity and belonging. The study argues that traditional geography education often prioritizes global and regional perspectives while neglecting local contexts, making it difficult for students to connect with the subject matter. By integrating specific local content—such as neighborhood landscapes, environmental issues, and socio-economic dynamics—teachers can create more meaningful and engaging learning experiences. The research highlights the challenges of this approach, including the lack of educational resources and the need for teacher training to balance local and global perspectives. The study concludes that adopting a localized teaching approach can empower students to critically analyze their environment, contribute to community development, and develop a deeper appreciation for geography as a tool for social transformation. It advocates for further research on effective methodologies to integrate local content into geography education.

2025

The paper *"Ethical-Moral Aspects of Pedagogy in Saint Augustine"* explores the philosophical and pedagogical contributions of Saint Augustine, emphasizing his views on moral education, virtue ethics, and self-knowledge. The study examines Augustine's belief that true education is inseparable from moral development, advocating that knowledge must be pursued alongside ethical virtues such as prudence, fortitude, temperance, and justice. It highlights the role of teachers as moral guides and the importance of dialogue in the learning process, drawing parallels between Augustinian thought and modern educational challenges. The paper argues that contemporary pedagogy can benefit from Augustine's emphasis on self-reflection, personal responsibility, and the search for truth, promoting character formation and ethical decision-making in students. Additionally, it discusses how love, freedom, and grace play fundamental roles in shaping an individual's moral compass. The study concludes that integrating Augustinian principles into education can help cultivate a more compassionate and ethically aware society, reinforcing the importance of moral values in human development.

2025

The paper *"Physical Exercises and the Brain: Impacts on Memory and Attentional Capacities"* explores the relationship between physical exercise and cognitive functions, particularly memory and attention. Through a literature review, the study highlights the positive effects of physical activity on brain health, emphasizing how exercise promotes neurochemical changes, increases neurogenesis, and enhances synaptic plasticity. Research findings indicate that physical exercise improves attentional control, memory retention, and cognitive flexibility due to the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and endorphins. These benefits are particularly relevant for individuals with ADHD, aging populations at risk of cognitive decline, and students seeking to enhance academic performance. The study also critiques the undervaluation of physical education in schools, arguing that incorporating exercise into daily routines could enhance learning processes. The findings underscore the role of physical activity as a non-pharmacological intervention for cognitive enhancement, advocating for further research on optimal exercise parameters to maximize brain health and learning outcomes.

2025

The paper *"The Feminine: Between the Aesthetic Market and Impossible Beauty"* critically examines how the beauty industry and media construct unattainable beauty standards, leading to emotional distress among women. Grounded in the theories of Naomi Wolf and Theodor Adorno, the study explores the commercialization of femininity and how consumerism perpetuates insecurity, self-doubt, and objectification. It highlights the role of advertising, digital media, and cosmetic industries in reinforcing unrealistic ideals, encouraging excessive consumption of beauty products and procedures. The research also critiques the social pressure on women to conform to these standards, leading to body dissatisfaction, unhealthy dieting, and the normalization of cosmetic surgeries. Additionally, the study exposes the intersection between beauty standards and workplace discrimination, as well as the sexualization of women in media. Concluding, the paper calls for a societal shift towards body positivity, self-acceptance, and the rejection of beauty myths that serve capitalist interests while harming women's mental health and autonomy.

2025, Journal of the Learning Sciences

This study explores Knowledge Building as a principle-based innovation at an elementary school and makes a case for a principle-versus procedure-based approach to educational innovation, supported by new knowledge media. Thirty-nine Knowledge Building initiatives, each focused on a curriculum theme and facilitated by nine teachers over eight years, were analyzed using measures of student discourse in a Knowledge Building environment--Knowledge Forum. Results were analyzed from the perspective of student, teacher, and principal engagement to identify conditions for Knowledge Building as a school-wide innovation. Analyses of student discourse showed interactive and complementary contributions to a community knowledge space, conceptual content of growing scope and depth, and collective responsibility for knowledge advancement. Analyses of teacher and principal engagement showed supportive conditions such as shared vision; trust in student competencies to the point of enabling transfer of agency for knowledge advancement to students; ever-deepening understanding of Knowledge Building principles; knowledge emergent through collective responsibility; a coherent systems perspective; teacher professional Knowledge Building communities; and leadership supportive of innovation at all levels. More substantial advances for students were related to years of teachers' experience in this progressive knowledge-advancing enterprise.

2025, Multiple memory systems in instrumental music learning

Playing a musical instrument involves the simultaneous expression or performance of several cognitive functions, including motor actions, visual and auditory processing, working temporal-spatial processing, and sensorimotor awareness. To explore relationships between discrete skills in music learning and how performance can all occur at the same time, this constructivist grounded theory (GT) study explored learning phenomena of beginner instrumental music students (n = 15) the lens of the multiple memory systems theory and its two major memory class systems of explicit and implicit memory. In addition to the multiple memory system model, special focus was given to working memory, an explicit memory operant in which conscious processing and synthesis of information occurs, and automaticity, the immediate recall or action through the implicit memory system. Three major themes emerged in the analysis phase of the study, resulting in the synthesis of a new theory for instrumental music education: the multiple memory music learning (MMML) framework. The first theme central to MMML, automatic music learning, illustrates how automaticity appears to occur within the short-term memory paradigm when learning an instrument. This phenomenon challenges the current viewpoint in neuroscientific and psychological literature that automaticity only exists as a long-term memory function. The second theme, contextual music learning, relates to context-dependent learning outcomes, and the third theme, music learning sequencing and attentional behavior, pertains to the order in which learning events took place and how these orders influence performance outcomes. Although further research is recommended, the results of the study suggest that MMML could be a valuable framework for understanding cognitive and memory functioning for instrumental music students.

2025, International Journal of Learning and Teaching

Good morals and behaviours are acquired and developed. There are claimed that people do not uphold values become irresponsible of their time and energy. When this happens, intervention is needed. For this reason, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the supplementary values saturation program on discipline and responsibility implemented to 179 Grade 7 students in Benjamin B. Esguerra Memorial National High School. Kohlberg stated a clear hierarchy of moral values and prescriptive action kind of moral education is more effective and the use of bible-based principles through reflective activities creates impact on students’ behaviour modification. Quantitatively, pre-test and post-test control research design and a validated researchers’ questionnaire with 0.92 Cronbach’s alpha at significant level of 0.05 are used to answer the following research questions: What are the students’ stance on situations anchored on discipline and responsibility? Is there a significant differ...

2025, Austin Journal of Clinical Case Reports

Foreign body ingestion is a common emergency in hospitals. Throat injury and gastrointestinal perforation are common complications, but brain abscesses caused by foreign bodies are very rare. Very few studies have been reported in the literature. A 73-year-old male with a history of more than 1-year of repeated dull pain in the right abdomen. He was treated with brain abscess incision and drainage in a local hospital because of a brain abscess two months earlier. In the small intestine, a high-density band with a diameter of approximately 40 mm was observed by Computed Tomography (CT). During surgery, a fish bone was found in the small intestine, 50cm away from the ileocecal valve, and there was pus and necrotic tissue around the fish bone. At 1-and 3-months follow-up, no abdominal pain or complications were noted.

2025

The paper investigates the whatness of a human being. Essential features are presented from interrelated point of view neuroscience, philosophy, physiology, quantum mechanics, psychology, communication and computation. One chapter is dedicated to the brain topology and another one to the consciousness. Theories of aging are discussed. Psychological profile of a human-being is addressed including the phenomen of the self. An important subject of the article is the body internal communication passed thru neural, genetic and quantum channels. This review has been based on many sources and would be assumed as an attempt to mark known, nearly known or unnameable answers sometimes to never-ending questions. The attention is paid to innovative transcendentals named metasymbols of life. Reflections on the passing of life are at the exit of the paper. To provide concise formal definitions author has applied the notation taken from his formal language OSL (Object Specification Language) [63].

2025, Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning

2025

This paper explores the integration of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) techniques in sales training for adult learners. Despite the growing body of research on NLP, its application in sales training remains underexplored. The primary... more

2025, Education and Information Technologies

Learning to monitor and regulate one's learning in an academic setting is a task that all students must engage in. Learning in "group" situations requires both selfand co-regulation. This research examines a case study of a small group of medical student interactions during an on-line problem based learning activity (PBL) where students learn to co-regulate their performance as they construct their understanding of how best to communicate bad news to patients. This paper introduces an approach for analyzing the group discourse to understand how collective knowledge building facilitates co-regulation. A mixed method analysis was used to analyze the case study data. A qualitative data analysis of verbal interactions was conducted to examine coregulatory episodes. Collective knowledge building was examined by analyzing the group discourse for indicators of co-regulatory processes. The study follows two quantitative analyses: a frequency count analysis of types of questions asked by facilitators and students; and a sequential pattern mining for patterns of cooccurrences of learners' discourse and co-regulation.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2025, Tapping into the potential of the subconscious quantumcomputer

This paper explores the hypothesis that the subconscious mind functions as a quantum computer, integrating insights from quantum mechanics, neuroscience, and psychology. By examining the role of the pineal gland as a facilitator of heightened consciousness, we propose that understanding the mechanics of this "quantum computer" is essential for harnessing its capabilities for personal and collective benefit. We introduce the author’s concept of Frequent Intense Focused Intention (FIFI) as a method for programming this subconscious computer, emphasizing its operation predominantly in lower theta frequencies. This insight underscores the importance of meditation and technologies designed to enhance meditative states, which hold significant potential for optimizing subconscious programming.
The author further investigates the interconnectedness of consciousness, drawing on Ivaldi's insights into intuition as a universal language and Haramein’s theories on the connected universe. We discuss how quantum mechanics, particularly principles such as superposition and entanglement, can inform our understanding of cognitive processes and non-linear information access. Additionally, we examine the role of the Reticular Activating System (RAS) in directing attention toward our programmed intentions, facilitating the manifestation of our desires. Ultimately, this research highlights the profound implications of tapping into the subconscious quantum computer, suggesting pathways for personal growth and advancements in understanding consciousness.

2024, Psychology of language and communication

The current study investigated the effects of word length, rotation, and repetition on the early processing of Arabic words in 24 Arabic-speaking college students (Mage = 21.6 years, SD = 1.67). Using a priming repetition paradigm, participants quickly determined if prime (S1) and probe (S2) words were the same or different. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured, focusing on P100, N170, and N250 components. Behavioral results indicated longer response times (RTs) and higher error rates for nine-letter, rotated, and non-repeated words. ERP results for the prime (S1) showed significant effects of word length and rotation on P100 and N170 components. Specifically, nine-letter words and 90 °-rotated words elicited higher amplitudes. For the probe (S2), no effects were found on P100, but 90 °-rotated words showed higher N170 and N250 amplitudes. These findings suggest that early stages of Arabic word processing are influenced by word length and rotation. They contribute to the understanding of Arabic word recognition.

2024, Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja

Wstęp. Otwar te zła ma nia trój kost ko we są jed ny mi z naj cię ższych zła mań oko li cy sta wu sko ko we go i jedny mi z trud niej szych w prak ty ce chi rur gii ura zo wej. Naj częst szym chi rur gicz nym spo so bem le cze nia jest re pozy cja i sta bi li za cja we wnętrz na. Nie wie le jest da nych w li te ra tu rze od no śnie do pier wot nej re po zy cji i sta bi liza cji za po mo cą sta bi li za to rów ze wnętrz nych. Materiał i metody. Pię ciu pa cjen tów z otwar tym zła ma niem trój kost ko wym by ło le czo nych jed no eta po wo sta bi li za to rem ze wnętrz nym me to dą Ili za ro wa. Wyniki. We wszyst kich przy pad kach mo żli we by ło peł ne ob cią ża nie koń czy ny po za bie gu ope ra cyj nym. Ża den pa cjent nie miał po wi kłań za bu rze nia zro stu kost ne go, in fek cji oraz za krze pi cy żyl nej. U wszyst kich cho rych po sze ściu ty go dniach od za bie gu ope ra cyj ne go prze bu do wa no apa rat Ili za ro wa umo żli wia jąc ruch w sta wie sko ko wym. U trzech pa cjen tów do szło do po wsta nia po ura zo wej ar tro zy wy ma ga ją cej usztyw nie nia sta wu. U dwóch wy ko na no art do de zę, trze ci cho ry bę dzie jej wy ma gał w przy szło ści. U żad ne go pa cjen ta nie do szło do po wi kłań za pal nych. Śred ni czas le cze nia sta bi li za to rem ze wnętrz nym wy niósł 11,6 ty go dni (zakres 9-15 ty go dni). Wy nik ra dio lo gicz ny i kli nicz ny był sa tys fak cjo nu ją cy u wszyst kich pa cjen tów. Wniosek. Me to da Ili za ro wa po zwa la na wcze sne i osta tecz ne le cze nie otwar tych zła mań trój kost ko wych z ni skim ry zy kiem po wi kłań i do brym wy ni kiem kli nicz nym. Sło wa klu czo we: zła ma nie trój kost ko we, zwich nię cie sta wu sko ko we go, zła ma nie otwar te, apa rat Ili za ro wa SUMMARY Background. Open trimalleolar fractures are some of the most severe fractures of the ankle joint region and some of the most difficult in trauma surgery. Repositioning with internal fixation is the most common surgical treatment method. There is little published data on primary repositioning and external fixation. Five patients with open trimalleolar were fitted with Ilizarov external fixators in single-stage procedures. Results. Full weight bearing was possible following surgical treatment in all five patients. None of the patients deve loped malunion, infections or vein thrombosis. For all patients, the Ilizarov apparatus was remodelled after six weeks to allow movement in the ankle. Three patients developed posttraumatic arthrosis requiring joint fusion. Arthrodesis was performed in two patients, and another patient will require it in the future. None of the patients developed any inflam matory complications. The mean duration of treatment with an external fixator was 11.6 weeks (range: 9-15 weeks). Radiological and clinical outcomes were satisfactory in all patients. Conclusion. The Ilizarov method allows for early and definitive treatment of open trimalleolar fractures with a low risk of complications and a good clinical outcome.

2024, Ecological Psychology

Gyroscopes have long been known as perceptual novelties. Attempts to change the orientation of a gyroscope's axis generate gyroscopic reactive forces (GRFs). When rigid objects are wielded, forces applied by objects to the limbs and body of wielders are the basis of haptic perception of properties (e.g. length and mass) of the objects. In two experiments, we examine the forces produced by gyroscopes and their effect on the wielders' perceptual judgments. In experiment 1, angular momentum is perceived as additional mass when wielding motions are such that GRFs supplement torque about the wrist in the same direction as added mass and as reduced mass when GRFs are in the opposite direction. In experiment 2, neither the magnitude nor the direction of the GRFs affected judgments of object length, even though longer rigid objects increase torque about wielders' wrists. We interpret the results in the context of past research on movability and perception of object length and heaviness.

2024, IGDS eBooks

This is a book about the mindlessness of AI, which is preventing the achievement of human-level intelligence in machines. Essentially the problem arises from the limited scope of expertise possessed by researchers in the AI industry. While the existing expertise in computer science and neuroscience is essential, it is not sufficient for the development of AGI. The vital missing component is the science of LIFE-DYNAMICS. This book explores this new science, and provides a realist theory of the mind for a mindless AI, together with a new test for AGI—the DYNAMIC-STRATEGIST TEST. “Paradox of a Mindless AI” provides the Strategic Roadmap to AGI.

2024

A brief discussion of the differences between natural and artificial growth and development and the potential consequences of its effect on the mind.

2024, Psychology Essay - Oxford

Forgetting is the mental process caused by an apparent loss or modification of information already encoded and stored in an individual's long-term memory. There are also situations in which we are unable to forget. Ebbinghaus (1885) found that the process of forgetting occurs in a systematic manner, beginning rapidly before levelling off (the Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve). In order to examine and describe the process of forgetting, it is necessary to discuss the memory processing system from both the neuropsychological and biological perspective. Memory Processing Models: Memory is required in the learning process, for storing information (input from the senses and other stimuli), for processing, later retrieval and for building upon learned information schemas. Several process models for memory storage were developed, which include encoding, storage and retrieval of information. Memory was also categorised as Short-Term Memory (STM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM) storage. The Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) multi-store model, based on the study on sensory memory by Sperling (1960), incorporated feedback between STM and LTM, where rehearsal of information improved STM for that information. Baddeley and Hitch (1974) with their Working Memory Model, further categorised the STM (or working memory), into three distinct components: the Central Executive (a supervisory system), the Phonological Loop (acting like a temporary inner voice) and the Visuo-spatial Sketch-Pad (acting like a temporary place for images and symbols-sometimes called the inner eye).

2024, Journal of the Learning Sciences

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2024, Idealistic Studies

At least two quite distinct problems appear to have been confused under the label "mind-body problem." The first is posed by the alleged fact of mind-body interaction, while the second arises from the purported fact of mind-body parallelism. And the issues are as different as are the senses of "mind" and "body" which they involve. Interaction. Historically, the mind-body puzzle is part of our Cartesian legacy. It seems not to have arisen in the form we know it during the previous history of Western thought. It is probably because the Greeks had no prevailing conception of a de-spiritualized material world. Although the origins of this conception can be traced at least to Democritus, the view was not "enculturated" until the rise of the "new physics." In the prevailing Aristotelian view, the material world was not exclusively material, since it was animated by final causes. But when this world came to be viewed as nothing but matter in motion, reflective persons were faced with an apparent difficulty. For if, as morality, theology, and common sense all seemed to agree, a person is not merely a physiological machine in the material world of natural science, that is, if a man has a mind as well as a body, and if, through volition, this mind sometimes acts on his body (and vice versa), the question then arises: how is such interaction possible? As Descartes formulated it, the mind-body problem became, above all, the problem of interaction.

2024, Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) still remains a public health challenge in Nepal. As per the World Health Organisation (WHO), five countries, viz., India, China, Pakistan, Indonesia and South Africa, account for over 70% of the global burden of disease. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which remains an undiagnosed disease and sparse data available for this disease in Nepal Methods: We included all patients admitted with tubercular meningitis between May 2018 to August 2019.admitted in Terai Hospital and Research centre. Diagnosis of Tubercular meningitis was confirmed by combined clinical sign and symptoms, CSF biochemical values of lymphocytic pleocytosis, high protein, low sugars with high CSF ADA and the therapeutic response to National Tuberculosis programme Category 1 (NTP CAT-1) antituberculous treatment (ATT) Results: The mean age was 48.5 ±30 years and male/female ratio was 12/14. Most of them had fever and neck rigidity. CS...

2024, International Journal of Learning and Teaching

This study aimed to assess the attitudes and perceptions of English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) students towards the use of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) programmes and their perceived view on an online writing system that was developed in the present study by means of a questionnaire, as well as an asynchronous discussion forum. An online writing system was developed and a sample of 30 EFL learners studying at Sharif University of Technology in Iran were assigned to the study. The CALL attitudes of the participants were assessed by a CALL questionnaire, which indicated that Iranian students attached a high value to CALL. Moreover, the comments of the participants that were posted on a discussion forum were analysed with the aid of Henri’s framework, which revealed the presence of certain concepts and themes within the views of learners towards the use of computers in their educational settings. Keywords: Computer-assisted instruction (CAI), computer-assisted language...

2024, Frontier in Public Health, 26 September

Education and health as social determinants: the econeurobiology of brain development

2024, Journal of Dance Education

This article reflects on observations as a dance pedagogue, adapting Gilbert's BrainDance to a range of learning and teaching opportunities in intergenerational classroom contexts. Initially applied in an early childhood education context, BrainDance provided a point of departure into conversations and observations with teachers on how the children moved, took risks or not, within their Early Childhood Center. Findings from the initial project inspired my adaptation of BrainDance elements into an entire lesson for undergraduate dance students, as a structure for a primary school drama class warm-up, and for a circle-based warm-up for a class of adults age 65+ in their fitness and training program. Using Schön's praxis of reflection-on-action, this article proposes the intergenerational links that may inspire or inform dance teachers, educators, curriculum designers, or physical activity facilitators. I propose that crossing the midline, the lifespan line, parallels moving with young and old-spanning generational dance praxis.

2024, The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review

A graduate's ability to communicate effectively can greatly affect their career development in the future workplace. Communication lecturers need to be equipped with the knowledge of the communicative needs of their technical students' future working environment. With such awareness and knowledge, lecturers would be able to make learning more relevant and meaningful to ease the transition of undergraduates from an academic setting to the workplace environment. Questionnaires were given to a set of final year technical students who had just returned from their 8-month industrial internship training at various organizations. The study seeks to identify essential internal and external communication activities (written and oral) practiced by the organizations at the workplace. Feedback was also obtained from the students' with regard to the university practices and preparation required for workplace communication. The findings of this research will also provide an insight into the adequacy of university preparation for effective communication in an environment far different from the university setting. Thus, guiding these students in accordance with workplace requirements will not only bring about relevant and meaningful learning, but also result in effective participation in the said discourse community. The paper will also discuss the pedagogical implications of its findings.

2024, International Journal of Learning and Teaching

In order to promote STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education through developing a professional development model, this study seeks to identify science teachers' perceptions regarding STEM education and its interdisciplinary nature, and to identify the factors that facilitate and hinder such a form of instruction in their schools. Being one of the first studies of STEM education in Saudi Arabia, this study elicits science teachers' perceptions through the use of qualitative methodologies. The instruments include focus groups, teacher-reflection and an interview protocol. The study ends with recommendations that could lead to develop a professional development model of what science teachers need in terms of pedagogical content knowledge to enact STEM education in class.

2024, Cultural Science

Comparative cognitive science of humans has tended to overwhelmingly emphasize similarities and differences between humans and other living hominids, particularly chimpanzees and bonobos. In thus under-emphasizing convergent evolution, this skew systematically misidentifies several crucial explanatory targets, particularly where cultural evolution is concerned. While concentration within the hominid and wider primate lines can tell us much about genetic constraints on human culture and cognition, at least as much attention should be paid to species in which patterns of evolved social cognition respond to problems faced by ancestral hominins. Elephants furnish a first and closest example.

2024, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

In the present study, we show that overexpression of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-associated sorting protein p60TRP (transcription regulator protein) in neural stem cells (NSCs) and in a transgenic mouse model modulates the phosphorylation and proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (App), , presenilin (Psen) and protein (Mapt). Our results suggest that p60TRP is an inhibitor of Bace1 (␤-site App cleaving enzyme) and Psen. We performed several apoptosis assays [Annexin-V, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL), caspase-3/7] using NSCs and PC12 cells (overexpressing p60TRP and knockdown of p60TRP) to substantiate the neuroprotective role of p60TRP. Functional analyses, both in vitro and in vivo, revealed that p60TRP promotes neurosynaptogenesis. Characterization of the cognitive function of p60TRP transgenic mice using the radial arm water maze test demonstrated that p60TRP improved memory and learning abilities. The improved cognitive functions could be attributed to increased synaptic connections and plasticity, which was confirmed by the modulation of the ␥-aminobutyric acid receptor system and the elevated expression of microtubule-associated protein 2, synaptophysin and Slc17a7 (vesicle glutamate transporter, Vglut1), as well as by the inhibition of Cdh2 cleavage. In conclusion, interference with the p60TRP/ GPCR/secretase signalling pathway might be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).