Managed Aquifer Recharge Research Papers (original) (raw)

New approaches that are cost effective and sustainable are needed globally to better manage flood and drought impacts. Recharging monsoon floodwaters in upstream areas to boost small-scale groundwater irrigation and to protect flood-affected urbanized areas downstream is proposed as one such approach and has been termed 'Un-derground Taming of Floods for Irrigation' (UTFI). Prospective locations for implementing UTFI are identified using a GIS-based method specifically developed here. There are three main steps to the method: (1) pre-feasibility analysis , (2) spatial data processing, and (3) index determination to rank prospects for establishing UTFI interventions. The methodology was applied to watersheds within the Ganges River Basin in South Asia. Data on the drainage density, flood frequency, flood mortality and distribution, extreme rainfall events, landuse, population density, geology, slope, soil, groundwater level, aquifer transmissivity and economic loss due to floods were used. The ranking and overlay index method adopted in arriving at the final suitability map showed that within the 43 % of the Ganges that is routinely subjected to floods, 68 % of this area had either 'very high' or 'high' suitability. Most important parameters identified from the sensitivity analysis were flood mortality and distribution , flood frequency and extent, drainage density and groundwater level. Suitability index values were generated for watersheds of different sizes which showed that smaller watersheds (100 km 2 or less) provide better results but that up to 1000 km 2 was considered acceptable. These results can be useful for prioritizing areas to apply integrated flood and drought management measures. The approach developed here may be directly transferable to other river basins.

- by
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- Groundwater, Managed Aquifer Recharge, Floods and Droughts

Although surface water constitutes less than 1.5% of freshwater supply, historical development of surface water sources continues to mark the landscape. However, over- exploitation of groundwater is now at its highest, and 25% of the... more

- by Maria Gibson
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- Water resources, Managed Aquifer Recharge

Pozos de inyección profunda como técnica de recarga artificial aprovechando las características del subsuelo y precipitación pluvial en el occidente del Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara.

- by Brindha Karthikeyan
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- Floods, Managed Aquifer Recharge

Percolation ponds have become very popular methods of managed aquifer recharge due to their low cost, ease of construction and the participation and assistance of community. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of a percolation pond in a saline aquifer, north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, to improve the storage and quality of groundwater. Electrical resistivity and ground penetrating radar methods were used to understand the subsurface conditions of the area. From these investigations, a suitable location was chosen and a percolation pond was constructed. The quality and quantity of groundwater of the nearby area has improved due to the recharge from the pond. This study indicated that a simple excavation without providing support for the slope and paving of the bunds helped to improve the groundwater quality. This method can be easily adoptable by farmers who can have a small pond within their farm to collect and store the rainwater. The cost of water recharged from this pond works out to be about 0.225 Re/l. Cleaning the pond by scrapping the accumulated sediments needs to be done once a year. Due to the small dimension and high saline groundwater, considerable improvement in quality at greater depths could not be achieved. However, ponds of larger size with recharge shafts can directly recharge the aquifer and help to improve the quality of water at greater depths.

- by Elango L
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- Managed Aquifer Recharge
- by Maria Gibson
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- Managed Aquifer Recharge, Aquifer Storage and Recovery

Managed aquifer recharge design and operation must incorporate the expected long-term performance from a water quantity
perspective to sustainably mitigate hydrologic impacts of groundwater overexploitation. Gravity-driven infiltration ditches in
forested areas are one of many managed aquifer recharge schemes that could augment the available water resources. Research on
the longevity of these structures is sparse, leading to concerns about their long-term capability to sustain elevated infiltration
capacity. In the present study, an infiltration system consisting of a regular grid of eight ditches divided into four sequential plots
within a short rotation forested area [area of infiltration (AFI)] was monitored from its inception to determine its hydrologic
performance over time and its possible export to similar areas of the Brenta megafan (Northern Italy). During the monitored
period, the AFI was not significantly affected by clogging because the suspended solids carried by the Brenta River water
diversion were extremely low. The main source of clogging was the fallen foliage during the autumn, easily managed via
ordinary maintenance. The AFI displayed an almost constant performance to infiltrate the diverted water over the first 3 years of
operation, with a total amount of infiltrated water of approximately 0.8Mm3 ha1 year1. The best tracer to reconstruct the
downward water movement through this highly permeable vadose zone was temperature, while the groundwater table fluctuation
could not be confidently used to infer the effective infiltration, because of its large seasonal variability. The good results suggest
promoting this technique in other areas of the Brenta megafan that suffer from groundwater resources depletion.

- by nicolo colombani and +2
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- Managed Aquifer Recharge

Moura-Ficalho aquifer system is, among carbonate aquifers of Alentejo, the one that is located is the most dry area, being a pilot area for all those carbonate aquifers. It is used for public supply for the municipalities of Moura and Serpa.
Numerical modelling of this aquifer system intends to contribute to mitigate pressures on the aquifer arising from future climate changes.
On this work, aquifer tests and other studies carried out in the 80’s decade, that lead to the development of the conceptual model of this aquifer, the evaluation of aquifer recharge, the interpretation of spring flow rates and the evaluation of water ages, are presented and discussed.
The existing data and data coming from existing monitoring network was integrated in a regional Modflow 2000 transient model, simulating groundwater flow from 1/12/2000 until 31/12/2005.
Results are discussed and a projection until 2015, about levels and flow rates, is also made. Conclusions and recommended future works are discussed, pointing out that these future investigations should concern on: (1) monitoring and modelling of spring flow rates; (2) evaluation and study of increasing recharge systems.

- by Augusto Marques da Costa
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- Hydrogeology, Climate Change, Groundwater, Groundwater modeling
- by Dr. Costas Sachpazis
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- Geomorphology, Hydrogeology, Sedimentology, Hydrology

The hydrological and economic feasibility of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) of excess desalinated water and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) using tertiary treated wastewater (TTWW) to manage stressed coastal aquifers in Oman has been studied numerically using the code, MODFLOW 2005 and the different transport packages MT3DMS, and MODPATH. The current ASR study aims to assess the feasibility of saving and recovering water for the purpose of supply to the city of MUSCAT during high demand periods by banking excess-desalted water during winter and recover it during the rest of the year. The second objective of the study is to explore the feasibility of MAR using TTWW to mitigate salinity in two costal aquifers in North of Oman exploited for different purposes: domestic water supply (Al-Khod aquifer), and for irrigation purposes (Jamma aquifer). ASR in the Al-Khod Aquifer was explored using Simulation Optimization multi-objective modeling using evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II (namely, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II), to generate the set of Pareto optimal solutions according to recharging scenarios. The results show that the potential net benefit of storage and recovery might reach as high as 17.80million/year.Themaximumprofitablevolumethatcanberechargedintotheaquifer,giventhelimitednumberofwellsandtheirlocations,isestimatedat8.4Mm3/year,whichislowerthanthecurrentexcessestimatedof10Mm3/year.ForMARusingTTWW,differentmanagerialscenariosweresimulatedandanalysisoftheresultsrevealsthattheJammaaquiferwillfurtherdeteriorateinthenext20yearsifitremainspoorlymanaged.Thegroundwaterlevelwilldeclinefurthertoexceed3monaverage,andtheiso−concentricsalinitylineof1,500mg/Lwilladvance2.7kminlandthatwillseverelyaffectfarmingactivitiesinthearea.However,MARusingTTWWwhenintegratedwiththemanagementofgroundwaterabstraction(e.g.,smartwatermeter,higherirrigationefficiencytoreducetheabstractionrate)becomeshydrologicallyfeasibletoaugmenttheaquiferstorageandcontrollingseawaterintrusion,andhencesustainsfarmingactivities.Theeconomicanalysesofsuchsituationrecommend:(1)injectingTTWWinthevicinityofirrigationwells;(2)investinginsmartwatermetersandonlinecontrolofpumpingfromthewellstoreducetheabstractionrateby2517.80 million/year. The maximum profitable volume that can be recharged into the aquifer, given the limited number of wells and their locations, is estimated at 8.4 Mm3/year, which is lower than the current excess estimated of 10 Mm3/year. For MAR using TTWW, different managerial scenarios were simulated and analysis of the results reveals that the Jamma aquifer will further deteriorate in the next 20 years if it remains poorly managed. The groundwater level will decline further to exceed 3 m on average, and the iso-concentric salinity line of 1,500 mg/L will advance 2.7 km inland that will severely affect farming activities in the area. However, MAR using TTWW when integrated with the management of groundwater abstraction (e.g., smart water meter, higher irrigation efficiency to reduce the abstraction rate) becomes hydrologically feasible to augment the aquifer storage and controlling seawater intrusion, and hence sustains farming activities. The economic analyses of such situation recommend: (1) injecting TTWW in the vicinity of irrigation wells; (2) investing in smart water meters and online control of pumping from the wells to reduce the abstraction rate by 25%; and (3) a combination of both are feasible scenarios with positive net present values. Recharge in upstream areas is found not economically feasible because of high investment cost of the installation of pipes to transport the TTWW over a distance of 12.5 km. Because the financial resources for investments are limited, scenario (2) shows a Net Benefit Investment Ratio of 4.41 (i.e., investment of a 17.80million/year.Themaximumprofitablevolumethatcanberechargedintotheaquifer,giventhelimitednumberofwellsandtheirlocations,isestimatedat8.4Mm3/year,whichislowerthanthecurrentexcessestimatedof10Mm3/year.ForMARusingTTWW,differentmanagerialscenariosweresimulatedandanalysisoftheresultsrevealsthattheJammaaquiferwillfurtherdeteriorateinthenext20yearsifitremainspoorlymanaged.Thegroundwaterlevelwilldeclinefurthertoexceed3monaverage,andtheiso−concentricsalinitylineof1,500mg/Lwilladvance2.7kminlandthatwillseverelyaffectfarmingactivitiesinthearea.However,MARusingTTWWwhenintegratedwiththemanagementofgroundwaterabstraction(e.g.,smartwatermeter,higherirrigationefficiencytoreducetheabstractionrate)becomeshydrologicallyfeasibletoaugmenttheaquiferstorageandcontrollingseawaterintrusion,andhencesustainsfarmingactivities.Theeconomicanalysesofsuchsituationrecommend:(1)injectingTTWWinthevicinityofirrigationwells;(2)investinginsmartwatermetersandonlinecontrolofpumpingfromthewellstoreducetheabstractionrateby251 yields 4.41).Althoughoption(3)showsthelowestNetBenefitInvestment,itisveryattractivefromasocialperspectivebecauseitentailsanintegrateddemandandsupplymanagementofgroundwater.Farmersarerequestedtoreducepumping,andthegovernmentwillinvestininjectingTTWWtoimprovegroundwaterqualityinthevicinityofirrigationwellsandtoformahydrologicalbarriertocontrolseawaterintrusioninthelongrun.TheprimaryobjectiveofMARfortheAl−Khodaquiferistoincreasetheurbanwatersupplyandtosustaintheaquiferservicewiththelowestpossibledamagesfromseawaterintrusion.Anumberofmanagerialscenariosweresimulatedandprogressivelydevelopedtoreduceseawaterintrusionandoutflowofthegroundwatertothesea.Aneconomicanalysiswasconductedtocharacterizethetrade−offbetweenthebenefitsofMARandseawaterinflowtotheaquiferunderincreasedabstractionfordomesticsupply.TheresultsshowthattheabstractedvolumefordomesticsupplycanbedoubledunderMARpracticesifirrigationwellsareproperlymanagedandpublicwellsarebetterlocated.EventhoughinjectionofTTWWismoreexpensive(duetotheinjectioncost),willresultinhigherbenefits.Theresultsindicatethatmanagingtheaquiferwouldproduceanetbenefitrangingfrom4.41). Although option (3) shows the lowest Net Benefit Investment, it is very attractive from a social perspective because it entails an integrated demand and supply management of groundwater. Farmers are requested to reduce pumping, and the government will invest in injecting TTWW to improve groundwater quality in the vicinity of irrigation wells and to form a hydrological barrier to control seawater intrusion in the long run. The primary objective of MAR for the Al-Khod aquifer is to increase the urban water supply and to sustain the aquifer service with the lowest possible damages from seawater intrusion. A number of managerial scenarios were simulated and progressively developed to reduce seawater intrusion and outflow of the groundwater to the sea. An economic analysis was conducted to characterize the trade-off between the benefits of MAR and seawater inflow to the aquifer under increased abstraction for domestic supply. The results show that the abstracted volume for domestic supply can be doubled under MAR practices if irrigation wells are properly managed and public wells are better located. Even though injection of TTWW is more expensive (due to the injection cost), will result in higher benefits. The results indicate that managing the aquifer would produce a net benefit ranging from 4.41).Althoughoption(3)showsthelowestNetBenefitInvestment,itisveryattractivefromasocialperspectivebecauseitentailsanintegrateddemandandsupplymanagementofgroundwater.Farmersarerequestedtoreducepumping,andthegovernmentwillinvestininjectingTTWWtoimprovegroundwaterqualityinthevicinityofirrigationwellsandtoformahydrologicalbarriertocontrolseawaterintrusioninthelongrun.TheprimaryobjectiveofMARfortheAl−Khodaquiferistoincreasetheurbanwatersupplyandtosustaintheaquiferservicewiththelowestpossibledamagesfromseawaterintrusion.Anumberofmanagerialscenariosweresimulatedandprogressivelydevelopedtoreduceseawaterintrusionandoutflowofthegroundwatertothesea.Aneconomicanalysiswasconductedtocharacterizethetrade−offbetweenthebenefitsofMARandseawaterinflowtotheaquiferunderincreasedabstractionfordomesticsupply.TheresultsshowthattheabstractedvolumefordomesticsupplycanbedoubledunderMARpracticesifirrigationwellsareproperlymanagedandpublicwellsarebetterlocated.EventhoughinjectionofTTWWismoreexpensive(duetotheinjectioncost),willresultinhigherbenefits.Theresultsindicatethatmanagingtheaquiferwouldproduceanetbenefitrangingfrom8.22 million to 15.21millioncomparedwith15.21 million compared with 15.21millioncomparedwith1.57 million with the current practice. MAR using TTWW is feasible to develop water resources in arid regions, and the best scenario depends on the decision maker’s preference when weighing the benefits of MAR and the level of damage to the aquifer. MAR, as a smart water governance technology, mitigates stresses on aquifer systems in arid zones, maximizes the benefit of using groundwater for both agricultural and domestic purposes while minimizing the adverse socio-hydrological and agricultural consequences of mismanagement of commingled groundwater-TTWW resources at all scales (national, catchment, metropolitan area, village, farm).

- by Mustafa El-Rawy
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- Oman, Salinity, Coastal Aquifer, Managed Aquifer Recharge
- by Sajal Adhikary
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- Groundwater, Groundwater Hydrology, Groundwater recharge, Managed Aquifer Recharge
- by Dr. Costas Sachpazis
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- Hydrogeology, Hydrodynamics (Physics), Climate Change, 3D GIS

RESEARCH ARTICLE Highlights • Water quality is poor in sandy, limestone, and hard rock aquifers in NW Sri Lanka • Restricted circulation due to faults and unconformity resulted in EC/TDS increase • Practice Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) to prevent saltwater intrusions • Strict policy-controlled groundwater development is needed to achieve SDG 6 • Advanced modeling is expected to properly frame the GW occurrence and movement

While the success and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) strongly depends on many characteristics of the site, it is necessary to integrate the site characteristics and develop suitability maps to indicate the most suitable locations. The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques to identify the most suitable areas for a MAR project in the Kabul city area, Afghanistan. Data for six effective criteria, including slope, drainage density, surface infiltration rate, unsaturated zone thickness, soil type and electrical conductivity, were collected and then a classification map was produced for each criterion in the GIS environment. By applying MCDA techniques, the weights of the effective criteria were obtained. A suitability map was generated from each technique separately based on a combination of all criteria weights and thematic layers. The result of the analytical network process (ANP) method was found to be more precise and reliable compared with that of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Based on the final suitability map produced from the ANP model, there is 3.7, 15.0, 37.4, 33.1 and 10.3% of the total area that is unsuitable, of low suitability, moderately suitable, suitable and very suitable for MAR application, respectively. As a final result of this work, seven sites have been prioritized based on land use. The integration of multi-criteria decision analysis and GIS is recognized as an effective method for the selection of managed aquifer recharge sites.

- by m.salem Hossaini and +1
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- Hydrogeology, Managed Aquifer Recharge, Afganistan

The paper presents tools for the spatial characterization of aquifer recharge and discharge on multiple scales to support management instruments for water and environmental policies. This method consists of the following five procedures: rapid assessment of aquifer recharge on a local scale; spatio-temporal characterization of land occupation dynamics in areas of high recharge potential; mapping of aquifer recharge potential; mapping of the contributions of the specific flows of the flow components (quick, base and interflow); and spatial modeling of the effects of environmental attributes on the flow components. This method was applied to the watershed of the Paracatu River, a tributary of the São Francisco River, in Brazil. The results were interpreted across various scales and provide important information for the sustainable use of water resources in terms of land use and occupation.

- by Vitor Vasconcelos
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- Environmental Science, Hydrogeology, Spatial Analysis, Water resources

In many regions around the globe, including India, degradation in the quality of groundwater is of great concern. The objective of this investigation is to determine the effect of recharge from a check dam on quality of groundwater in a region of Krishnagiri District of Tamil Nadu State, India. For this study, water samples from 15 wells were periodically obtained and analysed for major ions and fluoride concentrations. The amount of major ions present in groundwater was compared with the drinking water guideline values of the Bureau of Indian Standards. With respect to the sodium and fluoride concentrations, 38% of groundwater samples collected was not suitable for direct use as drinking water. Suitability of water for agricultural use was determined considering the electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage, permeability index, Wilcox and United States Salinity Laboratory diagrams. The influence of freshwater recharge from the dam is evident as the groundwater in wells nearer to the check dam was suitable for both irrigation and domestic purposes. However, the groundwater away from the dam had a high ionic composition. This study demonstrated that in other fluoride-affected areas, the concentration can be reduced by dilution with the construction of check dams as a measure of managed aquifer recharge.

- by Elango L
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- Managed Aquifer Recharge

Nowadays, climate changes and increased water demand for human and agricultural purposes pose important questions for the groundwater management of alluvial aquifers facing the northern Italian Apennines. The large groundwater withdrawals, coupled with an overall worsening of the water quality, requires a detailed knowledge of the recharge mechanisms of these aquifers that can be useful for further adaptation measures. Concerning the recharge area of the alluvial aquifers (i.e., apices made up of gravelly materials), the present study investigates a dataset made up of 282 water samples for which stable isotopes oxygen-18 (18O) and deuterium (2H) are available. The latter involves precipitations (three rain gauges), surface water (five rivers) and groundwater (twenty wells) from five selected alluvial fans. The study confirms that the different isotopic signatures characterizing rain and river water from this area can be exploited for preliminary characterization of their significanc...

- by Andrea Dadomo
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- Hydrogeology, Water, Hydrology, Stable Isotopes
- by Thomas Missimer
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- Environmental Science, Hydrogeology, Irrigation, MARINE POLLUTION

- by federico cervi
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- Hydrogeology, Water, Hydrology, Stable Isotopes

H2O2 residuals from advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) may have critical impacts on the microbial ecology and performance of subsequent biological treatment processes, but little is known. The objective of this study was to evaluate how H2O2 residuals influence sand systems with an emphasis on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal, microbial activity change and bacterial community evolution. The results from laboratory batch studies showed that 0.25 mg/L H2O2 lowered DOC removal by 10% while higher H2O2 concentrations at 3 and 5 mg/L promoted DOC removal by 8% and 28%. A H2O2 dosage of 0.25 mg/L did not impact microbial activity (as measured by ATP) while high H2O2 dosages, 1, 3 and 5 mg/L, resulted in reduced microbial activity of 23%, 37% and 37% respectively. Therefore, DOC removal was promoted by the increase of H2O2 dosage while microbial activity was reduced. The pyrosequencing results illustrated that bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria. The presence of H2O2 showed clear influence on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities, which became more diverse under 0.25 mg/L H2O2 but conversely less diverse when the dosage increased to 5 mg/L H2O2. Anaerobic
bacteria were found to be most sensitive to H2O2 as their growth in batch reactors was limited by both 0.25 and 5 mg/L H2O2 (17-88% reduction). In conclusion, special attention should be given to effects of
AOPs residuals on microbial ecology before introducing AOPs as a pre-treatment to biological (sand)processes. Additionally, the guideline on the maximum allowable H2O2 concentration should be properly
evaluated.

- by Jan Peter Hoek and +1
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- Advanced Oxidation Processes, Drinking Water, Managed Aquifer Recharge, Hydrogen Peroxide

Nowadays, climate changes and increased water demand for human and agricultural purposes pose important questions for the groundwater management of alluvial aquifers facing the northern Italian Apennines. The large groundwater withdrawals, coupled with an overall worsening of the water quality, requires a detailed knowledge of the recharge mechanisms of these aquifers that can be useful for further adaptation measures. Concerning the recharge area of the alluvial aquifers (i.e., apices made up of gravelly materials), the present study investigates a dataset made up of 282 water samples for which stable isotopes oxygen-18 (18 O) and deuterium (2 H) are available. The latter involves precipitations (three rain gauges), surface water (five rivers) and groundwater (twenty wells) from five selected alluvial fans. The study confirms that the different isotopic signatures characterizing rain and river water from this area can be exploited for preliminary characterization of their significa...

- by Giovanni Martinelli
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- Hydrogeology, Water, Hydrology, Stable Isotopes

Resumo En este trabajo se presentan los trabajos de caracterización y elaboración de modelos conceptuales y numéricos en relación a la construcción de las futuras balsas de recarga del acuífero del Llobregat (Barcelona, España). El... more

- by Jorge Molinero
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- Hydrogeology, Managed Aquifer Recharge, Aguas Subterráneas

The removal of bromate (BrO 3 À) as a by-product of ozonation in subsequent managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems, specifically in anoxic nitrate (NO 3 À)-reducing zones, has so far gained little attention. In this study, batch reactors and columns were used to explore the influence of NO 3 À and increased assimilable organic carbon (AOC) due to ozonation pre-treatment on BrO 3 À removal in MAR systems. 8 m column experiments were carried out for 10 months to investigate BrO 3 À behavior in anoxic NO 3 À-reducing zones of MAR systems. Anoxic batch experiments showed that an increase of AOC promoted microbial activity and corresponding BrO 3 À removal. A drastic increase of BrO 3 À biodegradation was observed in the sudden absence of NO 3 À in both batch reactors and columns, indicating that BrO 3 À and NO 3 À competed for biodegradation by denitrifying bacteria and NO 3 À was preferred as an electron acceptor under the simultaneous presence of NO 3 À and BrO 3 À. However, within 75 days' absence of NO 3 À in the anoxic column, BrO 3 À removal gradually decreased, indicating that the presence of NO 3 À is a precondition for denitrifying bacteria to reduce BrO 3 À in NO 3 À-reducing anoxic zones. In the 8 m anoxic column setup (retention time 6 days), the BrO 3 À removal achieved levels as low as 1.3 mg/L, starting at 60 mg/L (98% removal). Taken together, BrO 3 À removal is likely to occur in vicinity of NO 3 À-reducing anoxic zones, so MAR systems following ozonation are potentially effective to remove BrO 3 À .

- by Jan Peter Hoek
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- Denitrification, Drinking Water, Managed Aquifer Recharge, Bromate
- by Prasun Gangopadhyay
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- Environmental Science, Climate Change, Groundwater, Case Studies

Groundwater management of alluvial aquifers facing the northern Italian Apennines is an important issue that is becoming more complicated due to ongoing climate changes and increased water demands. The large groundwater withdrawals, coupled with an overall worsening of the water quality, require detailed knowledge of the recharge mechanisms of these aquifers that can be useful for further adaptation measures. We have focused our attention on a selected alluvial fan in which 49 slug injections of hyperconcentrated solutions of NaCl allowed river discharges to be estimated in seven different hydraulic sections. Consequently, losses from the streambed were assessed for the six river reaches along with the corresponding uncertainties in the estimates. The study confirms the suitability of such tests for identifying sectors in which streambed losses are promoted and for quantifying the total recharge conveyed to underlying aquifers. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the total st...

- by federico cervi
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- Environmental Science, Hydrogeology, Hydrology, Groundwater

RUVIVAL Publication Series is part of the open source learning project RUVIVAL. All topics of RUVIVAL Volume 1 are related on several levels and are part of restoration engineering. Each contribution in this publication is connected to further interactive multimedia material, which can be reached under www.ruvival.de. The literature review papers are a collaboration of Master students, PhD students and researchers at the Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection (AWW) at Hamburg University of Technology. This volume consists of 3 literature review papers. The first reviews agroforestry, the practice of including trees or other woody perennial plants into agricultural systems, including crop and livestock production. It explains the challenges and benefits of this practice and provides an example of its implementation within the Slope Farming Project in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. The second paper introduces the concept of living terraces, which constitute a combination of er...

- by birhanu kassaye
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- Geography, Catchment Management, Agroforestry, Rainwater Harvesting
- by Hamadi Kallali
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- Environmental Engineering, Algorithms, Groundwater, Waste Management
- by Enric Queralt
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- Hydrogeology, Managed Aquifer Recharge, Aguas Subterráneas

- by Giovanni Martinelli
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- Hydrogeology, Water, Hydrology, Stable Isotopes

Chile has made significant progress in developing risk-based guidelines for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) using natural waters to support agriculture. This study summarises the current MAR projects in Chile, progress achieved to date and points to some of the challenges and opportunities for MAR implementation in the future. MAR makes common sense, supported by a sound scientific and technical base for risk-based guidelines. However, despite these guidelines for agriculture, there is a need to fully develop the potential of MAR nationally through
education and the implementation of well documented demonstration MAR projects which needs innovative policy drivers and institutional arrangements

The removal of bromate (BrO 3 −) as a byproduct of ozonation in subsequent managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems has so far gained little attention. This preliminary study with anoxic batch experiments was executed to explore the feasibility of chemical BrO 3 − reduction in Fe-reducing zones of MAR systems and to estimate potential inhibition by NO 3 −. Results show that the reaction rate was affected by initial Fe 2+ /BrO 3 − ratios and by pH. The pH dropped significantly due to the hydrolysis of Fe 3+ to hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) flocs. These HFO flocs were found to adsorb Fe 2+ , especially at high Fe 2+ /BrO 3 − ratios, whereas at low Fe 2+ /BrO 3 − ratios, the mass sum loss of BrO 3 − and Br − indicated intermediate species formation. Under MAR conditions with relatively low BrO 3 − and Fe 2+ concentrations, BrO 3 − can be reduced by naturally occurring Fe 2+ , as the extensive retention time in MAR systems will compensate for the slow reaction kinetics of low BrO 3 − and Fe 2+ concentrations. Under specific flow conditions, Fe 2+ and NO 3 − may co-occur during MAR, but NO 3 − hardly competes with BrO 3 − , since Fe 2+ prefers BrO 3 − over NO 3 −. However, it was found that when NO 3 − concentration exceeds BrO 3 − concentration by multiple orders of magnitude, NO 3 − may slightly inhibit BrO 3 − reduction by Fe 2+ .

- by Jan Peter Hoek
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- Advanced Oxidation Processes, Drinking Water, Managed Aquifer Recharge, Bromate
- by Mitsuo Yoshida
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- Environmental Engineering, Algorithms, Groundwater, Waste Management

This a proposal of a methodology for the characterization of hydrogeochemistry signature of water paths in recharge zones of interfluves between neighbouring watersheds. The method is based on the systematic sampling and chemical analysis of ground water and also sources of water. Paracatu, São Marcos, São Bartolomeu and Alto Paranaíba watersheds were chemically investigated.

- by Vitor Vasconcelos
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- Hydrogeochemistry, Managed Aquifer Recharge, Northwestern MG, Goiás State
- by Jan Peter Hoek
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- Environmental Science, Water, Advanced Oxidation Processes, Groundwater
- by Vinaytosh Mishra
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- Environmental Science, Floods, Managed Aquifer Recharge

Nowadays, climate changes and increased water demand for human and agricultural purposes pose important questions for the groundwater management of alluvial aquifers facing the northern Italian Apennines. The large groundwater withdrawals, coupled with an overall worsening of the water quality, requires a detailed knowledge of the recharge mechanisms of these aquifers that can be useful for further adaptation measures. Concerning the recharge area of the alluvial aquifers (i.e., apices made up of gravelly materials), the present study investigates a dataset made up of 282 water samples for which stable isotopes oxygen-18 (18 O) and deuterium (2 H) are available. The latter involves precipitations (three rain gauges), surface water (five rivers) and groundwater (twenty wells) from five selected alluvial fans. The study confirms that the different isotopic signatures characterizing rain and river water from this area can be exploited for preliminary characterization of their significance on groundwater recharge. These results lay the foundations for the further use of a suite of environmental tracers (in which a primary role is that of water stable isotopes) at the event-scale (i.e., that of rainfall and/or flood) for eventually estimating the effective quota of recharge linked to precipitation and surface water.

- by federico cervi
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- Hydrogeology, Hydrology, Stable Isotopes, Stable Isotope Geochemistry
- by Mastrocicco M.
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- Managed Aquifer Recharge