Marketing channel Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, Volume 44 Issue 3 (June 2025)

Background: Dairy farming is a cornerstone of the rural economy in India. Maharashtra, particularly its drought-prone districts, is critical in this sector. Despite challenges posed by erratic monsoons and limited irrigation, dairy farming remains a viable strategy for economic stability in these regions. The aim of this study was to examine the financial aspects of dairy enterprises, focusing on socioeconomic characteristics, economic viability and constraints faced by farmers. Methods: The study employed a multistage stratified random sampling method. Key analytical tools included average and percentage calculations, BEP analysis and a Cobb-Douglas production function. Additionally, Garrett's ranking technique was used to ascertain constraints in dairy farming, while the MOTAD model assessed profitability and risk. Result: The findings reveal that crossbred cow milk production is more lucrative than buffalo milk production, despite its higher average total expenditure per lactation. Break-even analysis confirmed profitability for both types of milk producers. Key determinants of milk production, such as green fodder, concentrate and labour, suggest areas for efficiency enhancements. Farmer-identified constraints include high feed costs, insufficient veterinary services and water scarcity. Utilizing the MOTAD model, the study recommends integrating dairy farming with crop cultivation to maximize returns, mitigate risks and enhance overall farm resilience in challenging environmental conditions.

2025, Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

In the tropics, okra is an important vegetable crop and its production is a viable livelihood activity; however, several factors affect its marketing and margins derivable thereof. Therefore, this study analyzed the determinants of market margins among okra traders in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Primary data collected via multistage sampling were analyzed using descriptive statistics, market performance and regression analysis. The results revealed that the estimated market margin and market efficiency index were ₦1900/bag (100kg) and 0.35, respectively. Channel 4 (27%) had the highest percentage of commodity sales volume. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was 0.826; hence, 83% variation in the market margin was accounted for by variables in the regression model. Moreover, coefficients of the variables including age (0.873), education (0.696), market experience (0.571), cost price (–0.598), quantity sold (0.576), marketing cost (–0.72) and income level (0.98) were signi...

2025, International Journal of Fruit Science

This research analyzes incentives for new tangerine farmers by different intermediaries in Tuban, Indonesia. Direct interviews and a survey were conducted in 2014 and 2015 with new farmers, Bakul (small local collectors), wholesalers, tangerine middlemen, and the government office. New tangerine farmers in Tuban use three alternative logistic routes: the Bakul and/or wholesalers, the tangerine Tebasan system, and the tangerine Ijon system. This study found that new farmers obtain over twice the margins when they sell tangerines to the Bakul and/or wholesalers compared with farmers who use the tangerine Tebasan system and the tangerine Ijon system. However, some new farmers prefer to use the tangerine Tebasan system or the tangerine Ijon system to obtain immediate cash before harvest terms, to avoid harvesting failure, and to enjoy leisure in summer, although these tangerine farmers gain relatively small margins compared to those who sell tangerines to Bakul and/or wholesalers.

2025, Muhanurukundo

This study addressed the effect of mushroom farming in improving household's livelihoods in Rwanda. The specific objectives were to identify the types of mushrooms grown by farmers in Rulindo District, to assess the level of household's livelihoods before and after growing mushrooms in Rulindo District, to investigate the major factors affecting the practice, productivity and profitability of mushroom production, and to assess the main challenges faced by edible mushroom producers in Rulindo District. Descriptive and correlational research designs were used. Questionnaire and documentation techniques were used in data collection and SPSS and Microsoft excel were used in data analyzing. The findings clarified that 81% of respondents grow oyster mushrooms in Rulindo District, the results clarified that the majority used the health insurance for which the number of households using it increased from 59.7% (37) before mushroom cultivation to 95.2% (59) after benefiting from mushroom cultivation, the results showed that the majority 93.5% produces on average up to 6kg and they produce on average up to 60kg per one production period, this production sold to the private business market on an average of 1,500 rwf per one kg. The results also showed that lack of experience, lack of access for trainings, high price of raw materials and lack of skilled personnel were major challenges that mushroom farmers faced during the beginning and operational stages for mushroom business farming in Rulindo District. The results allowed the study to conclude that mushroom farming has a huge contribution in improving household's livelihoods in Rulindo District.

2025, Muhanurukundo Bernard

Abstract
This study addressed the effect of mushroom farming in improving household’s livelihoods in Rwanda. The specific objectives were to identify the types of mushrooms grown by farmers in Rulindo District, to assess the level of household’s livelihoods before and after growing mushrooms in Rulindo District, to investigate the major factors affecting the practice, productivity and profitability of mushroom production, and to assess the main challenges faced by edible mushroom producers in Rulindo District. Descriptive and correlational research designs were used. Questionnaire and documentation techniques were used in data collection and SPSS and Microsoft excel were used in data analyzing. The findings clarified that 81% of respondents grow oyster mushrooms in Rulindo District, the results clarified that the majority used the health insurance for which the number of households using it increased from 59.7% (37) before mushroom cultivation to 95.2% (59) after benefiting from mushroom cultivation, the results showed that the majority 93.5% produces on average up to 6kg and they produce on average up to 60kg per one production period, this production sold to the private business market on an average of 1,500 rwf per one kg. The results also showed that lack of experience, lack of access for trainings, high price of raw materials and lack of skilled personnel were major challenges that mushroom farmers faced during the beginning and operational stages for mushroom business farming in Rulindo District. The results allowed the study to conclude that mushroom farming has a huge contribution in improving household’s livelihoods in Rulindo District.
Keywords
Mushrooms Farming, Households, Livelihoods and Rwanda

2025

The owner of a firearm is a natural or legal person who has been issued an appropriate document on firearms, which means that firearms and ammunition must be handled with special care, and this primarily refers to safekeeping and proper and professional use. Firearms and ammunition must be stored so that they are not accessible to persons who are not authorized to possess them (especially children), locked and separated in a metal cabinet, safe or similar storage.

2025, The Agriculturists

A study was conducted during 2011 to estimate profit, benefit cost ratio (BCR) and household income of mushroom production and also to explore the problems of producing mushroom and its marketing channels in Bangladesh. Thirty samples were randomly selected and information on mushroom production was collected using comprehensive questionnaire from Savar Upazila in Dhaka district. Mushroom was found to be a profitable agricultural enterprise (22,888 taka per farm). The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 1.55. The average family household income was about Tk. 43,731. Usually, three intermediaries (mushroom office, wholesalers and retailers) are involved in the marketing channels of mushroom. The marketing margin of mushroom for farm-gate to wholesalers and wholesalers to retailers were taka 50 and 70 per kg, respectively. It was revealed that rich and middle income group people were the main mushroom customers. Even though mushroom is a profitable enterprise, the producers faced numerous pr...

2025, AGRINESIA: Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis

This research aims to 1) analyze cost structure and business suitability of cayenne pepper farming bisiness in Sub-district of Pulubala, District of Gorontalo. 2) know both internal and external factor that influence development of cayenne pepper farming business in Sub-district of Pulubala, District of Gorontalo. 3) make development strategy of cayenne pepper farming business in Sub-district of Pulubala, District of Gorontalo. The research is conducted from September to October 2017 in Sub-district of Pulubala, District of Gorontalo. This research uses survey method. Research data are analyzed by using analysis of cost structure and income, analysis of suitability and analysis of SWOT. Research findings are 1) production cost of cayenne pepper farming business in Sub-district of Pulubala, District of Gorontalo comprises fixed cost for IDR 462.811/ farmer/ harvest and variable cost is IDR 1.830.200/ farmer/ harvest with total cost of IDR 2.293.010/ farmer/ harvest. Meanwhile, their revenue is IDR 7.257.143/ farmer/ harvest with net income for IDR 4.964.133/ farmer/ harvest. Value of R/C ratio of cayenne pepper farming business in Sub-district of Pulubala, District of Gorontalo is 3,16 > 1. This means that the farming business makes profit and proper to be continued. 2) factors that influence development of cayenne pepper farming business comprise internal factor of strength namely experience and ability of farmer, factor of weakness namely limited capital and harvest failure, while the external factors comprise factor of opportunity namely program of government and saprodi (production fasility) institution and factor of threat namely indefinite climate and pest as well as disease. 3) Strategy of cayenne pepper farming business in Sub-district of Pulubala, District of Gorontalo is in quadrant I which supports aggressive strategy where this condition describes excellent situation as presence of knowledge strength and ability of farmers to be able to use opportunity through support of government and SAPRODI institution.

2025, Journal of Sustainable Agriculture

This article is not subject to US copyright law. Mention of trade names is given to provide specific information and does not constitute recommendation or endorsement by the USDA-ARS.

2025

Rural livelihood augmentation has long been a crucial challenge for the effectiveness of Vietnamese government policies in agricultural sector. Despite the amazing fact that farmers’ participation in the dairy value chain has promised the better outcome, there are still millions of rural farmer households struggling against the inefficient production and marketing, and decline with hope of improving their main source of income. Plus the extreme price volatility and the market power of downstream actors, rural dairy farmers with small-scale production have verged to the edge of selling up the whole supply chain. This paper attempted to analyze the production and marketing constraints faced by the local dairy farmers in the milk value chain of Northern mountainous Sonla provinces of Vietnam. The Pearson’s chi-square test was employed to assess the statistical significance of farmer’s responses across the study sites. The results of the study revealed farmers produce and different mark...

2025

We are delighted to introduce this report of the first phase of N2Africa. Over the past four and a half years N2Africa has worked in eleven countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Looking back it has been an extremely rewarding and enriching experience. None of what N2Africa has achieved in terms of learning, impacts and outcomes would have been possible without the enthusiasm and active partnership of the farmers and a myriad of other farmer organizations, the local and international NGOs, national and international research and extension, universities and private partners -the list could be much longer. We thank all of our partners and recognize their key contributions. In addition to the authors of this report, some individuals played key roles. First of all we thank Prem Warrior of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation whose vision and commitment was instrumental in the initial conceptualization of N2Africa and moving from proposal to funding and implementation. As Prem moved on to other responsibilities we were grateful to Charlene McKoin and Vipula Shukla who took over the reins and helped enormously with developing the new focus for a second phase of the project. Kenton Dashiell and later Jeroen Huising, with some interim support from Alastair Simmons, coordinated the project from Nairobi across many countries which was essential to the success of the project. We thank the N2Africa Steering Committee for all their inputs: Anne Mbaabu, Alliance of Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) who gave us great input on linking to markets and value chains, Ramadjita Tabo, Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) who helped to keep national partnerships in the limelight and on agronomy, Mariangela Hungria of EMBRAPA, Brazil and John Howieson of the Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Australia for their passion and enthusiasm for rhizobiology, Louise Sterling, independent consultant for her insights and guidance on seed systems and on monitoring and evaluation, Nteranya Sanginga and later Deborah Bossio on behalf of TSBF, CIAT and Pamela Bramel and later Nteranya Sanginga for IITA. Although Nteranya Sanginga's roles changed from co-writing the proposal to being Director General of IITA, he remained one of N2Africa's most strident advocates. John Lynam conducted an external review of N2Africa for the foundation and provided much wise counsel. In each of the countries, N2Africa had a large team of field liaison officers, administrative and finance officers, PhD and MSc students who contributed enormously. More behind the scenes, the complex issues of financial reporting were supported by Lenie Kooijman, Kayode Awobajo, Hilde Koper, Beatrice Nyaboke and Wanjiku Kiragu. Lorraine Odhiambo provided administrative support in Nairobi and Charlotte Schilt in Wageningen. Marcel Lubbers supported our data management systems and the N2Africa website. Many thanks to Charlotte for her excellent publication skills demonstrated in the Podcasters and the many reports. In highlighting specific people we run the risk of missing others who have contributed and we apologise if that is the case. Although this report is more than 100 pages it cannot cover everything and there are many other documents listed at the back that provide further information. We hope you will find the report of interest and welcome any feedback you may have.

2025, Journal of entomology and zoology studies

The study was conducted on 80 farmers and 150 cows at surrounding villages of Nadia district, West Bengal to investigate the level of management practices adopted by the farmers for maintaining their cattle as well as to detect the incidence of sub clinical mastitis on the basis of their adopted management practices. Survey on the basis of questionnaire was done with the farmers. Simultaneously milk samples from the animal were taken to detect the incidence of sub clinical mastitis. Farmers as well as cows were divided into three groups on the basis of their management practices as, Group I, Group II and Group III which includes poor, fair and good management practices respectively. Each group comprises 50 animals. Comparisons were made between the groups and it was found that farmers adopted about 10% poor (group I), 45% fair (group II), whereas 25 % good (group III) management practices. Further, when milk sample was tested to detect the incidence of sub clinical mastitis, it was found that in Group I, all 50 cows (100%), Group II, 46 (92%) out of 50 cows and Group III, 1 (2%) out of 50 cows (might be due to individual immunity level or differences in adaptability to local climate) were observed positive for sub clinical mastitis. Hence, the result revealed that the incidence of sub clinical mastitis was higher in the poor and fair than good management practices, which signifies that exploration of knowledge to the farmers about good management practices for maintaining their cattle is still needed. Thus, dissemination of knowledge based on the study will help in the production of high quality, good, clean and safe milk, which will provide a major financial support to the farmers.

2025

Our research investigates the effect of buyer-supplier relationship governance mechanisms on performance outcomes. We propose trust, commitment, and communication as the key determinants of buyer-supplier performance outcomes. With use of regression, moderation, and mediation analyses we empirically test the hypothesized relationships using a sample of 95 Dutch firms from the maintenance service industry. The results provide strong support for effects of trust, commitment, and communication on quality improvement and customer satisfaction. Additionally, we examine inner-effects between the predictors and effects of different contract types. Our final implication is that trust and commitment mediate the effect of communication on performance outcomes.

2025, AQUASAINS

Based on data from the Department of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Malang Regency, Sumbermanjing sub-district is the largest capture fishery producing sub-district in Malang Regency. The purpose of this study is to find out how efficient the marketing channels are at TPI Sendangbiru. This research was conducted descriptively using a survey method in the field. Data collection was obtained through sampling (primary data) and statistical data collection owned by TPI Sendangbiru. There are 5 marketing channel patterns in TPI Sendangbiru. Each type of fish has a different marketing flow. The value of marketing efficiency for each type of fish in each marketing channel has various values. The efficiency value in marketing tuna and albakor has the same marketing channel and value, namely 2%, for marlin fish 3%. The baby tuna fish have 5 marketing channel patterns of 4%, 5%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. On tuna, lemuru, and kite also have 5 patterns of marketing channels. The value of marketing ef...

2025, Revista De Gestao Financas E Contabilidade

The focus of this research is to identify, through case study, as the process of market analysis as a tool of choice of marketing channel, can be a strategic instrument also suitable for success in the professional development of third sector institutions, particularly those aimed at the education sector, specially treated here. Thus, from a thorough market research in four cities where it operates the Sagrado: Rede de Educação, listing the topics Marketing, Sustainability and Market Analysis techniques, and concluding with the Weighted Score method of visualization as a facilitator of decision foresees that its findings can assist in planning the organization not only presented, finding solutions aimed at overcoming the obstacles and difficulties, but it is an impulse to reveal all of which are similar to the pointed. It starts with the fact that among the main obstacles to the development of these institutions are: the load history in relation to pure philanthropy, management by intuition, the lack of technical and administrative workload carried by the officers focused more on activities purposes, the day-to-day business. These, among other factors, eventually causing a high rate of attrition among these organizations.

2025, Forum Agribisnis

Chrysanthemum is one of the main commodities in Cianjur Regency with 52% of the total chrysanthemum production in West Java Province. This study aims to analyze the determinants that influence the choice of marketing channels for chrysanthemum farmers in Cianjur Regency. Farmers have two choices of marketing channels to distribute their chrysanthemum cut flowers to final consumers, namely through collectors and also through wholesalers in Rawabelong Market. The most efficient marketing channel is channel 2, where farmers sell to wholesalers in the swamp belong before finally selling to the final consumers. The channel most chosen by farmers is channel 1, in which farmers sell their chrysanthemum cut flowers to the collectors and then from the collectors they sell them to wholesalers in Rawabelong Market, before being received by the final consumers. Respondents in this study were chrysanthemum cut flower farmers in two central districts, namely Cugenang District and Sukaresmi Dist...

2025, Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia

Robusta coffee is a leading commodity in West Lampung Regency. The existence of a gap in coffee prices at the producer and consumer level by 49,04 percent is suspected that a large number of marketing institutions are involved, resulting in high marketing costs. This has led to allegations of unequal pay among marketing institutions. It has an impact on the level of coffee marketing efficiency in the Sekincau District. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the Robusta coffee marketing system that is formed, based on the institutions involved, and analyze the Robusta coffee marketing efficiency in Sekincau District. Research data was obtained from observations, interviews using questionnaires, and supporting data from relevant agencies. The results showed that four marketing channels carried out each marketing function. Based on quantitative calculations, channel I is the most efficient channel with a margin of Rp 5.669 per kg and a farmer’s share of 76,77 percent. Efforts to overco...

2025, Jurnal pengelolaan sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan

2025, American Journal of Economics and Business Innovation

The National Rice Development Strategy in (Kenya vision 2030) aims to improve food security, rural employment, and income for smallholder farmers in the Mwea irrigation scheme (MIS) through planned and intentional efforts. A study was conducted to identify major influences in choosing market avenues among rice farmers. The study used a sample size of 384 small-scale rice farmers to analyze the different rice marketing channels used in MIS, and to understand the factors that influence farmers’ choices of marketing channels. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the marketing channels, multinomial logit model was used to evaluate channel choices. The marketing channels were Channel 1: Farmer-Consumer (0.3%); Channel 2: Farmer-Brokers-Millers-Consumer (51.1%); Channel 3: Farmer-Brokers-Millers- Retailer-Consumer (42.3%); Channel 4: Farmer- Millers-Retailer-Consumer (62.72%) and Channel 5: Farmer- Millers...

2025

This paper uses data from a survey of one hundred and eighty four dairy households in two divisional administrative zones in the Kenya highlands to empirically analyze the factors that influence the choice of a milk marketing channel. Multinomial logit econometric estimation results show that distance to milk collection centre, education level, membership of the household head to farmers' group/organization, the number of cows ownedn by the household, and the coefficiency of variation in prices significantly influenced the choice of a marketing channel. Private channel players are yet to focus on tapping the production potential of farmers with small herd sizes and encouraging group formation to exploit the social capital. The study demonstrates the need for the private sector to enhance milk collection at the unexplored areas to exploit the milk supply potentials. The implications for policy are provide.

2025, European Journal of Business and Management

In Nakuru County of Kenya, the urban population serves as a market for milk produced both within the outskirts and neighbouring counties. Increase in human population has led to high demand for milk and milk products, a phenomenon that has created opportunities for dairy value chain actors. Using a random sample of 200 farmers, this study investigated factors influencing urban dairy farmers’ choice milk marketing channels in Nakuru County. Data analysis using multinomial logit regression revealed that age, education, dairying experience, household size and frequency of milk purchases had significant influences on the type of channel chosen by the actors. To increase milk market participation and milk marketed volume, efforts should be made to strengthen the capacity of existing small and medium-scale farmers who showed a potential to enlarge their herds. It is also imperative for government and other development agencies to engage dairy value chain actors to minimize on their transa...

2025, Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains

Harga beras di pasaran di pengaruhi oleh peran lembaga pemasaran. Dalam hal ini proses pemasaran beras akan mengalami proses panjang dan akan mengalami perubahan harga dari tingkat produsen hingga konsumen akhir sehingga terjadi kesenjangan harga beras antara produsen dan konsumen. Hal ini menjadikan aspek pemasaran beras sebagai kegiatan yang penting dalam penentuan pendapatan petani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mengetahui saluran pemasaran, margin, dan efisiensi pemasaran. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah petani padi sawah sebanyak 762, Penentuan sampel meggunakan metode slovin, sehingga responden yang terpilih sebanyak 42 petani. dalam Penentuan responden pedagang dilakukan dengan cara penjajakan (tracing sampling), Sampel responden pedagang sebanyak 10 orang yaitu 6 penggiling, 2 pengumpul besar, dan 2 pedagang pengecer. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, analisis margin pemasaran, dan analisis efisiensi pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat 5 pola saluran pemasaran beras di Desa Debowae yaitu: petani-penggilingkonsumen, petani-penggiling-pengecer-konsumen, petani-penggilingpengumpul besar-konsumen, petani-penggiling-pengumpul besar-pengecerkonsumen, serta petani-pengumpul besar-pengecer-konsumen. Total margin pemasaran tertinggi terdapat pada saluran pemasaran II yaitu sebesar Rp.2.000/kg sedangkan total margin yang paling rendah berada pada saluran pemasaran I yaitu sebesar Rp.467/kg. Kesimpulannya saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien adalah saluran I dengan nilai efisiensi terkecil yaitu 3,35 persen.

2025, Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains

The price of rice in the market is influenced by the role of marketing agencies. In this case, the rice marketing process will undergo a long process and will experience price changes from the producer level to the final consumer, resulting in a rice price gap between producers and consumers. This makes the rice marketing aspect an important activity in determining farmers' income. The purpose of this study is to determine marketing channels, margins, and marketing efficiency. The population in this study were 762 lowland rice farmers. Determination of the sample using the slovin method, so that the selected respondents were 42 farmers. The determination of the merchant respondents was carried out by tracing (tracing sampling). The sample of the respondents was 10 traders, namely 6 grinders, 2 large collectors, and 2 retailers. The analytical tools used are descriptive analysis, marketing margin analysis, and marketing efficiency analysis. The results showed that there were 5 pa...

2025, International Journal of Business and Management Review

Despite general security concerns, particularly security issues prevalent in the Nigerian hotel industry, guests have to contend with the room rate or price of staying in hotels considering the spiraling inflation in the country. Nevertheless, it is not empirically established if price and security influence leisure guests' choice of hotels in Nigeria. To achieve these objectives and establish a framework of leisure guests' choice of hotels, this study used multiple regression analysis to test the formulated hypotheses with the aid of SPSS Version 20.0 software at 5% level of significance. Findings from a convenience sample of 246 respondents who lodge in hotels in Awka metropolis, Anambra State, Nigeria show that the two factors investigated namely price and security influence leisure guests' choice of hotels. More importantly, security has more influence than price. To sum up, the study concludes that the basis of hotel accommodation is security and affordability. Therefore, the study recommends that hotel owners and managers should definitely be security-conscious in the management of their hotels and always strive to give consumers more for less.

2025, Agriculture

Marketing strategies play a significant role in determining farm income. Although direct marketing has been proposed as an innovative way to improve producers' economic welfare, little is known about producers' adoption of direct marketing among aquaculture farms. This study examines the adoption of wholesaler markets, individual wholesalers or shippers, and direct marketing among aquaculture farms. In addition, we quantify the effects of the use of different marketing channels on fishery revenues, profits, and production inputs. A sample of 25,180 aquaculture family farms in Taiwan was drawn from the fishery census survey. After estimating the simultaneous equation system model, we find that the use of multiple marketing channels generates the highest fishery revenues, which highlights the importance of marketing channel diversity on selling fishery products. Moreover, we find a positive effect of direct marketing on fishery revenues and profits. We also find that the use of direct marketing can reduce the use of groundwater in aquaculture production. Since the decrease in groundwater use can mitigate the severity of land subsidence, this paper provides evidence that direct marketing can possibly provide a win-win strategy to improve fishery producers' revenues and environmental quality.

2025, Agriculture

Marketing strategies play a significant role in determining farm income. Although direct marketing has been proposed as an innovative way to improve producers’ economic welfare, little is known about producers’ adoption of direct marketing among aquaculture farms. This study examines the adoption of wholesaler markets, individual wholesalers or shippers, and direct marketing among aquaculture farms. In addition, we quantify the effects of the use of different marketing channels on fishery revenues, profits, and production inputs. A sample of 25,180 aquaculture family farms in Taiwan was drawn from the fishery census survey. After estimating the simultaneous equation system model, we find that the use of multiple marketing channels generates the highest fishery revenues, which highlights the importance of marketing channel diversity on selling fishery products. Moreover, we find a positive effect of direct marketing on fishery revenues and profits. We also find that the use of direct...

2025, Journal of economics and sustainable development

Selection of appropriate channel for delivering farm products is not an easy task. There are various constraints that limit households in choosing appropriate channels. In this regard, the current study was aimed at identifying factors affecting channel choice decisions of potato producers in Ethiopia. The analysis is based on primary data collected from 400 farm households selected from three randomly selected districts in eastern part of Oromiya region, Ethiopia. Multinomial logit model was employed for analyzing the data. The results indicated that farming experience, distance to the nearest market, access to market information, amount of potato sold, post-harvest value addition, and bargaining power of farmers affect channel choice decisions in one way or another. Putting in place and strengthening institutions that deliver timely and appropriate market information is among the major recommendations of this study. Keywords: Channel choice decision, Ethiopia, Market outlets, Mult...

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

In addition to the conventional auction method of cattle marketing, alternative marketing arrangements include sale by private treaty, video auction, retained ownership, and use of strategic alliances. This study examines use of alternative marketing arrangements and types of producers using each. Thirty-nine percent of producers used alternative arrangements.

2025

The explicit evaluation of the post-harvest losses at different stages of marketing and their impact on farmers' net price, marketing costs, margins and efficiency have been presented. It has been found that the existing methods tend to overstate the farmers' net price and marketing margins of intermediaries. In fact, the margin of the retailers' after taking into account the physical loss during retailing has been found to be negative (loss), which otherwise, was positive (profit) in the conventional estimation. Similarly, the producers' net share and wholesalers' margins also decrease substantially. It has been shown that marketing efficiency is inversely proportional to the marketing losses. The co-operative marketing has been found to be a more efficient system in terms of both operations and price. Marketing cost has been identified as the major constraint in the wholesale marketing channel and bringing down the costs, particularly the commission charges as ...

2025, Journal of Productivity and Development

Potato farming is one of the most lucrative enterprises in the Baglung district, primarily due to the favorable geographic and edaphic conditions. The major goal of our research was to analyze the marketing dynamics of Potatoes in the district, focusing on marketing channels, actors involved and major problems. A survey was undertaken with a representative sample size of 106 farmers using the simple random sampling technique and 14 traders (collectors, wholesalers and retailers) using the snowball sampling technique, encompassing all PMAMP potato zones. Data collection methods included Household Surveys, FGD, KII, along with various secondary sources of information and data analysis was done using SPSS and Ms. Excel. An indexing/scaling technique was utilized to rank the identified problems in marketing. Additionally, value chain mapping was employed to illustrate the actors, their functions, and enablers in the value chain activities related to potatoes and a SWOT analysis was done to find strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the potatoes at the producer's level. Three main marketing channels were identified, with the marketing margin at NRs. 12.24/kg and the producer's share at 79.6%. Farmers predominantly sold sorted and graded products, with transportation means ranging from tractors to porters. Market information primarily came from friends, with a 51.72% satisfaction level among farmers. Farmer's illiteracy and lack of awareness emerged as the most serious problem in marketing of potatoes followed by dominance of middlemen/intermediaries.

2025, Journal of Fisheries Resources Utilization Management and Technology

Pemasaran hasil perikanan harus dilakukan secara efisien agar nelayan dan konsumen tidak dirugikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sistem pemasaran, nilai marjin, fisherman's share dan efisiensi pemasaran ikan Tongkol di Kabupaten Cilacap. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Metode pengambilan daerah sampel menggunakan metode cluster sampling, sampel nelayan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dan sampel pedagang menggunakan metode sensus. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, marjin pemasaran dan efisiensi pemasaran menggunakan indikator fisherman's share. Sistem pemasaran ikan Tongkol di kabupaten Cilacap memiliki tiga pola saluran pemasaran yang melibatkan nelayan, pedagang pengumpul, pedagang besar, pedagang kecil dan pedagang pengecer. Marjin pemasaran pada saluran pemasaran 1 sebesar Rp 9.412 dengan nilai fisherman's share 59%. Pada saluran pemasaran 2 dan 3 marjin pemasaran sebesar Rp 16.361 dan nilai fisherman's share sebesar 45%. Sistem pemasaran ikan Tongkol di Kabupaten Cilacap dapat dikatakan efisien karena memiliki nilai efisiensi pemasaran < 1. Dan sistem pemasaran paling efisien adalah sistem pemasaran 1 karena memiliki nilai marjin paling rendah, yaitu Rp 9.412 dan memiliki nilai fisherman's share paling tinggi, yaitu 59%.

2025, International Journal of Research in Marketing

This meta-analysis examines the role of trust in marketing channels. First, the analysis of pairwise relationships involving trust indicates that trust, on average, exhibits a robust and strong relationship with other channel relationship constructs under a wide range of different conditions. Next, we explored systematic patterns of variation in the correlations. The results demonstrate that the use of experiments, samples drawn from multiple industries, and US data tend to produce larger effects than the use of field studies, samples drawn from a single industry, and European data respectively do. Various other methodological characteristics of studies did not have significant effects. Finally, we examined the role of trust in a nomological net, involving some of the most frequently studied antecedents and consequences of trust. We find that trust contributes to satisfaction and long-term orientation over and beyond the effects of economic outcomes of the relationship. Both trust and economic outcomes-not just one or the other-are conducive to relationship marketing success.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Depuis les années 1980, la relation de franchise a donné lieu à de nombreuses investigations dans le domaine du marketing et de la distribution. Elle fait référence à un contrat qui lie des entreprises juridiquement indépendantes, le franchiseur et les franchisés. Le franchiseur est propriétaire d'une marque et/ou d'un concept, tandis que les franchisés exploitent cette marque et/ou ce concept. Dans la littérature managériale, cette collaboration interorganisationnelle est souvent analysée sous les angles financiers et commerciaux. En revanche, l'angle logistique y est très peu abordé. Au-delà de sa fonction d'approvisionnement et de distribution, nous devons savoir si le management de la logistique offre un avantage concurrentiel vis-à-vis des concurrents, et les conditions dans lesquelles les chaînes logistiques à valeur ajoutée rendent le réseau de franchise plus attractif pour les franchisés. De nature programmatique, l'article indique la présence d'une perspective de recherche prometteuse à ce niveau et en souligne les enjeux.

2025

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Capacité de réactivité des réseaux de franchise en contexte de crise. Rapport réalisé par pour le compte de la Fédération Française de la Franchise Dominique Fernandez, Odile Chanut, François Fulconis, Gilles Paché, Carole Poirel, Carolina Serrano

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2025, Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology

Chikkaballapura district is known for flower production and it stands forth in area and production of chrysanthemum production in Karnataka (2016-17). An attempt has been made in this study to assessing major marketing channels. The study also attempts to determine the price spread in major marketing channels. The study is based on the primary and secondary data. The total sample size comprised of 60 farmers also selected 20 market intermediaries for the study. In Chikkaballapura three major marketing channels were identified namely Channel I: Producer→ Commission agent→ Wholesaler→ Retailer→ Consumer Channel II: Producer→ Pre-harvest Contractor→ Commission agent cum Wholesaler→ Retailer→ Consumer. Channel III: Producer→ Village trader→ Retailer→ Consumer. About 65.00 % of the producer used Channel-I followed by channel-II (28.33%) and remaining through channel-III (6.67%). Price spread in channel-II is high (Rs. 8,985) as compared to Channel-I (Rs. 5,922) and producers share in con...

2025

This dissertation is dedicated to my father Mr. Talib Hussain and my mother Saleem Akhtar who sacrificed their present for the future of our whole family and whose prayers have paved the way for completion of my studies. xvii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT "All Praise belongs to Allah,the lord of all the worlds the All-Merciful,the very Merciful" (al-Quran:1) First of all ,I acknowledge and appriciate my supervisor and deeply indebted to Prof. Dr Rasheed A Khan , a very committed,visionary, remarkable teacher and personality whose help and guidance and encouragement have been most valuable assest for me all aspects during the study. Secondly I acknowledge and appreciate the role of my family who remaind enduring source of care,help and affection throughout this work . Thirdly it would be unjust if I don't acknowledge the valuable time and guidance provided by Mr. Tahir Iqbal ,PhD Candidate at NUST ,Mr. Bilal PhD Candidate SZABIST , Mr. Waseem Abass Mirza, my office colleages Mr. Zaheer Abass,Mr. Adnan iftekhar (Check Ker Na) and Mr. Ishtiaq (Mashallah) who created healthy office environment and all other colleagues for their all time care,motivation and support during the course of my studies .Thank you all. Many thanks to Director General of Oil ,Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources and and Prof. Dr. Shahab Alam (DG Gas, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources) for their valuable support in terms of granting an official permission for accessing petroleum compnaies and for their guidance and generous cooperation in data collection phase .I would furher extend my thanks to all the CEO of the Petroleum companies who gave positive response in providing me the required information.

2025

pedagang roasting) , pola 2 yaitu: dari petani ke koperasi dan ke coffe shop. Fungsi-fungsi yang dilakukan masing -masing lembaga adalah petani, yaitu fungsi penjualan, pedagang pengumpul fungsi pembelian, penjualan, pengangkutan, penyimpanan, penanggungan resiko, pembiayaan dan informasi pasar. Fungsi tataniaga pada pedagang besar berupa fungsi pembelian, penjualan, pengangkutan, pengolahan, penyimpanan, penanggungan resiko, pembiayaan, dan informasi pasar. Fungsi tataniaga yang dilakukan koperasi yaitu pembelian, penjualan, pengangkutan, penyimpanan, pengolahan, standarisasi, sortasi, penanggungan resiko, dan pembiayaan. Fungsi tataniaga yang dilakukan coffe shop berupa fungsi pembelian. Dari kedua saluran tataniaga, margin tataniaga yang paling tinggi terdapat pada saluran 2 yaitu Rp.79.000/kg dibandingkan margin tataniaga pada pola saluran 1 yaitu Rp.67.000/kg. Sedangkan bagian yang diterima petani yang paling besar adalah pada saluran 2 yaitu sebesar 7,05%. Nilai efisiensi tataniaga (EP) yang paling kecil berdasarkan efisiensi biaya tataniaganya yaitu pada saluran 2 sebesar 3,01%. Maka dari hasil penelitian ini dapat diperoleh kesimpulan saluran tataniaga yang paling efisien adalah saluran 2 karna semakin kecil nilai efisiensi tataniaganya maka semakin efisien saluran tataniaganya. Dari hasil penelitian diatas diharapkan petani dapat mengoptimalkan penjualan pada saluran 2 karena keuntungan petani lebih tinggi.. Hal ini terbukti bahwa harga ditingkat petani pada saluran 2 lebih mahal dari harga ditingkat petani pada saluran 1. Kata kunci: kopi arabika, margin, tataniaga.

2025, Journal of Sociology and Development

There is a growing concern that farmers' crops are not efficiently sold due to poor market structure and/or inadequate government and cooperative associations' involvement. This study explores the nature of farmers' market channels and their influence on local food economies. The study adopted a Mixed Method Research approach which combined household level survey, meso-level market survey and structured interviews. Primary data collection used interviews with key informants, market agents, market and household surveys and focus group discussions. The sample size (277 households) was adequate for valid and reliable findings. However, to have a greater claim to generalization, further studies need to be carried out in more districts in Tanzania. Overall, the study found out that there is limited market access of information on agricultural market channels which limits farmers' productivity in the local food economy. Likewise, information sharing about agricultural market channels is limited to households since only radio and TV have to a lesser extent been available as a source of information. The findings imply that without adequate government and NGOs' involvement in empowering the farmers on agricultural market information and access to finances and credits, very little improvement will be realised in the farmers' markets structure.

2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi kakao, mengidentifikasi saluran pemasaran kakao, menganalisis margin pemasaran yang diterima lembaga pemasaran, dan menentukan besarnya bagian harga yang diterima petani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey kepada petani kakao dan pedagang besar (pengepul). Analisis produksi menggunakan fungsi Cobb-Douglas dan analisis performent digunakan untuk menganalisis struktur pemasaran perilaku, dan keragaman pasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dan berpengaruh secara nyata sebagai input adalah tenaga kerja, pupuk kandang, pupuk kimia, luas lahan, jumlah tanaman menghasilkan dan pendidikan petani. Kinerja pemasaran kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman tidak efisien, hal ini berdasarkan indikator besarnya margin pemasaran, kecilnya bagian harga yang diterima petani dan belum terintegrasinya pasar ditingkat petani dengan pasar diti...

2025

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pola distribusi pemasaran cabai, marjin pemasarandanefisiensi ekonomi pemasarancabai di Kecamatan Bansari Kabupaten Temanggung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulanJuni 2017–Juli 2017. Metode penelitiandigunakanmetode survei.Pemilihan lokasi penelitiandilakukan secara purposivesampling, artinya tempat lokasi penelitian sengaja dipilih karena termasuk dalam kecamatan dengan produksi cabai terbesar di Temanggung.Penentuan jumlah sampel petani menggunakan proposionalrandom sampling sedangkan untuk menentukan sampel lembaga pemasaran menggunakan snowball sampling.Pengumpulan data meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Responden petani berjumlah 30 petani cabai dan lembaga pemasaran sebanyak 21 orang.Analisis data mengunakan analisis deskriptif dan perhitungan ekonomi meliputi biaya pemasaran, keuntungan, marjin pemasaran dan farmer’s share. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 3 pola pemasaran yaitu: 1) Saluran PemasaranI:Petani Pedagang Pengec...

2025

This study examined the market linkages and distribution channels of cultured, captured and imported fish in Kenya. A total of 113 fish traders’ questionnaires and 10 key informant interviews were administered. Secondary data from published and unpublished records were used to complement primary data. Fish traders were literate enough to express themselves and were well equipped to assess market trends and channel. Fish trade was predominantly in the hands of women (66%). Consumers and middlemen (agents) were able to buy fish directly from producers. There was no significant association (p>0.05) between age, gender and the level of education with regards to the main business. There was correlation between gender and the main business function (χ2=3.921; df=2; p=0.141); the level of education and main business function (χ2=12.842; df=10; p=0.233) and the age distribution against the main business function (χ2=11.044; df=10; p=0.354). Recommendations include improvement of transpor...

2025, AGRISAINS: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Agribisnis

The purpose of this study was to determine the marketing channels and marketing efficiency of oyster mushrooms in Bangkat Village, Pegajahan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The research location in Bangkat Village was chosen purposively. The total population of farmers is 20 farmers. The sampling method used is using the snowball sampling method, so the samples taken in this study were 8 farmers, 2 collectors, 2 merchant traders, 2 chrispy mushroom traders and 10 consumers. The total sample in this study was 24 samples. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, interviews and field observations. Data analysis uses marketing margin analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 marketing channels for oyster mushrooms, namely the first channel selling oyster mushrooms to collectors and collectors selling back to mushroom retailers and traders selling to consumers. In the second channel, farmers sell oyster mushrooms to retailers and then traders sell them to c...

2025, Agricultural Economics Research Review

The present study was conducted in Rajpura block of Patiala district in Punjab with a sample of 50 vegetables growers. The total cost of cultivation was estimated at Rs 49563/ha for onion and Rs 34840/ha for cauliflower. The net returns were found higher for onion (Rs 74597/ha) as compared to that from cauliflower (Rs 38072/ha). Majority of these vegetables were being disposed off through commission agent/wholesaler (more than 90 per cent) followed by retailer and directly to the consumer. The efficiency of the these market channels can be enhanced through competition by organized retail chains and modernizing the vegetable market system in the state. The wholesale markets of Pune, Ludhiana and Patiala for onion and that of Shimla, Ludhiana and Patiala for cauliflower have been found integrated with price of onion and cauliflower transmitting quickly from the independent to the dependent markets. The highest elasticity of price transmission in onion has been observed between Ludhian...

2025, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

This paper discusses the importance of markets to the rural people and strategy to achieve the remunerative price of their produced in order to reduce hunger and poverty as well as promoting health and nutrition in Bihar. This paper undertakes a situational analysis of existing marketing pattern, disposal pattern as well as expenses incurred while marketing of major vegetable crops in target district of Bihar based on five year average of data collected from traders , producers and consumers for the period from 2013-2018. Trend in arrivals and prices of major vegetables in the selected markets indicated that there was an increasing trend in arrivals and prices of different vegetables over different periods which might be because of the increase in general price level and increase in population. The major focused was on development of proper enterprise based policy for enhancing the livelihood security and creation of procurement centre in each production zones that would be act as added incentives to the vegetable growers. Therefore reliance type of organized retail market at public-private mode should be initiated as alternate channel for the marketing of vegetables and Gujarat kind of marketing model should be implemented for dairy products in which value addition should be initiated by the farmers.Linking small farmers to markets would only be possible through organized mandi /proper collection centre i.e. one centre for five villages should be established to assure the supply of vegetables in Bihar.

2025, Peronema Forestry Science Journal

Rattan (Calamus sp) is a forest plant that has many benefits for forest communities and a source of foreign exchange. This study aims to known the utilization of rattan by the community, determine income from the use of rattan and non rattan and to analyzed the marketing of rattan. This research used field surveys and interview to the community. Based on research conducted known pattern rattan harvesting is done by rotation. Income from rattan smaller than non-rattan with the percentage utilization of rattan 43.8%, while non-rattan 56.20%. Marketing rattan starting from rattan farmers sell rattan to collector and collector which will sell directly to craftsmen.

2025

Analisis Efisiensi Pemasaran Karang Hias di Pulau Panggang, Kabupaten Administrasi Kepulauan Seribu Marketing is one of the main interesting problem of karang hias (artifICial coral) business in Pulau Panggang. Some of artificial coral are gathered and then sole by fishennan to the collector who come to Pulau Panggang periodically. Among of species of artificial coral marketed from Pulau Panggang were called karang hias Jamur Mangkok, karang hias Babut Hijau, karang hias Pipa Salim and karang hias Nanas Mata. There are many marketing institutional involved in artificial coral marketing from Pulau Panggang. They have a big role to deliver karang hias from fISherman to the consumer. The aims of this research are : 1) to identify the pattern of karang hias marketing channel that occurred in Pulau Panggang, 2) to analyze marketing efficiency of karang hias in Pulau Panggang: include of market structure, market behavior and marketing margin. Result of this research showed that there ...

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

In this paper the service process is considered as a sequence of events. Using theory from economics and psychology a model is formulated that explains how the utility of each event affects the overall evaluation of the service process. In this model we especially account for the peak-and-end rule and negative consumer time preference. This model is tested in the context of telephone service calls in the financial service market. Our results show that both the average utility and the positive peak of the events positively affect customer satisfaction with the service call. Surprisingly, the end of the sequence has a negative effect. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed. Business 5410-5417.5 Marketing Library of Congress Classification (LCC) HF 5415.3 Consumer research M Business Administration and Business Economics M 31 C 44 Marketing Statistical Decision Theory Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) M 39 Marketing: Other 85 A Business General 280 G 255 A Managing the marketing function Decision theory (general) European Business Schools Library Group (EBSLG) 280 N Consumer behavior Gemeenschappelijke Onderwerpsontsluiting (GOO) 85.00 Bedrijfskunde, Organisatiekunde: algemeen 85.40 85.03 Marketing Methoden en technieken, operations research Classification GOO 83.05 Economische psychologie Bedrijfskunde / Bedrijfseconomie Marketing / Besliskunde

2025, Managerial and Decision Economics

The quality of many consumer nondurable goods or services is sufficiently complex or obscure that consumers cannot completely verify the true quality in a single usage. For such ‘experience’ products or services, the accumulated consumer consumption experience of a brand is an important determinant of its sales or market share. The market share of a brand is in turn directly influenced by its own and the competitive price and advertising strategies, given the different levels of quality (among other factors). In this paper, we investigate the impact of the aggregate consumption experience on the firm's dynamic pricing and advertising strategies by developing a formal game‐theoretic model of a dynamic duopoly. The model of competition does not yield explicit closed‐form expressions for the dynamic price and advertising paths of the two firms. Hence, we simulate the equilibrium paths using a discrete‐time algorithm. Our simulation results provide interesting insights into the dyna...