Micro-Raman and FTIR spectroscopy Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Heritage Science

The Andean church of San Andrés de Pachama is located in the highland of the northernmost of Chile, near the limit with Bolivia and next to the Ruta de la Plata. This commercial route contributed in the past to the transport and commerce of various raw materials, such as silver, from the Andean mountains region to the Pacific Ocean coast and then to the European market. The walls inside the church are decorated with paintings from the end of the eighteenth century that reproduce religious motivs together with flowers, fruits, and birds. In this study, micro samples taken from one of the mural paintings have been analysed to acquire information on the artistic materials and the painting technique previous to the restoration of the paintings. Analysis by micro-Raman spectroscopy complemented with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection allowed the identification of orpiment, vermilion, indigo, smalt, antlerite, hematite, carmine lake, and wood charcoal as pigments as well as gypsum as the ground layer. Lipidic and proteinaceous materials extracted from the microsamples were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and indicated the use of a mixture of egg and siccative oil as binders and a secco painting technique involving animal glue as the plaster primer. Smalt and the prized cochineal lake are reported for the first time in an Andean colonial mural painting.

2025, The European Physical Journal Plus

Since Antiquity, glass has also been used to imitate natural gemstones, leading to the development of new recipes for producing opaque and coloured glass-gems. Ancient Roman glassmakers mastered glass production, controlling both the colour and transparency. Opacity could be obtained by specific firing technology inducing microcrystalline phase formations, whereas the colour hues were influenced by specific elements with chromophore properties during glass production, such as transition metals. Proof of this expertise is the widespread of glassmaking workshops across the Roman Empire and related findings of archaeological glass artefacts still well preserved in numerous museums. The National Archaeological Museum of Aquileia (Italy) houses a rich collection of more than 6000 gems, including 1300 glass-based 'glass-gems', and not yet fully investigated. Iconographic and glyptic studies date the glass-gems from the II century BCE to the III century CE. Archaeological information on the production period, manufacturing processes and provenance can be explored by investigating the overall composition of a glass specimen. A completely non-invasive study has been carried out on a selection of glass-gems through the combination of X-ray fluorescence imaging and particle-induced X-ray/gamma emission to disclose the elemental composition, the relative distribution and gather new hints on their connection with the appearance, colour and glassmaking technology. Micro-Raman spectroscopy has been applied on opaque glass-gems to investigate the crystalline phases acting as opacifiers. Combining different non-invasive methods enables a comprehensive identification and characterisation of such glass-gems, crossing their elemental composition in terms of crystalline and glassy phases and associated key elements.

2025, jy

This is to certify that Mr.Viratvarma-18006006, Mr..Ajay kumar-180069035, Mr. Saikiran.G-180069036 of section 1studying II/IV B.Tech in EEE has satisfactorily completed project MINI INVERTER 12V TO 220V in the semester II during the... more

2025, Applied Spectroscopy

The Raman spectru m of tyrolite, CaCu 5 (AsO 4 ) 2 (CO 3 )(OH ) 4 ´6H 2 O, from Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria, is reported. Comparison with copper hydroxy± arsenate and basic carbonates was used to achieve assignm ents of the observed bands. The AsO 4 32 group is characterized by two n 4 modes around 433 and 480 cm 2 1 plus a broad band around 840 cm 2 1 as the n 3 overlapping with the n 1 . The n 2 mode is observed as a single band around 355 cm 2 1 . The CO 3 22

2025, Applied Spectroscopy

2025

Les fibres naturelles sous leurs formes traditionnelles ou sous de nouvelles formes (fibres/films/ composites régénérés) offrent une alternative aux fibres synthétiques. La soie du Bombyx mori présente de très bonnes propriétés mécaniques moyennes, mais une très grande variabilité. Afin de mieux comprendre cette variabilité des soies de différentes sources (vers à soie ou araignées) sont analysées par plusieurs techniques (absorption Infrarouge et diffusion Raman in situ-in vivo, calorimétrie, traction uniaxiale) pour caractériser simultanément la structure et la mécanique des monofilaments, en fonction de leur âge, depuis le précurseur de fibroïne dans la glande jusqu'aux fibres chimiquement traitées (décreusage, teintures) en passant par des fibres prélevées in vivo. Cinq comportements sont identifiés et discutés en fonction des changements structuraux (transition hélices α - feuillets β), des interactions avec l'eau à la lumière de l'analyse des modes Amide I & II ain...

2025, Ceramics International

This study focuses on the effect of the field strength of two alkali modifiers (𝑁𝑎 2 𝑂/𝐿𝑖 2 𝑂) on the physical, structural, and optical properties of 40𝑃 2 𝑂 5 + 20𝑀𝑔𝑂 + (40-𝑥)𝑁𝑎 2 𝑂 + 𝑥𝐿𝑖 2 𝑂+1 mol% of 𝑇 𝑖𝑂 2 (x = 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mol%). The melt-quenched samples are analysed using various experimental techniques such as Xray diffraction, Raman, UV-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy to assess their potential for solid-state laser application. As 𝐿𝑖 2 𝑂 replaces 𝑁𝑎 2 𝑂, the density and molar volume decrease of all the glass samples. X-ray diffraction confirms the amorphous nature of the phase-separated sample. Raman spectra reveal the presence of metaphosphate (𝑃 2), pyrophosphate (𝑃 1) and orthophosphate (𝑃 0) structural units, indicating that the glass network becomes more polymerised as 𝐿𝑖 2 𝑂 is added from 10 to 40 mol% in place of 𝑁𝑎 2 𝑂. The optical band gap is in the wide band gap semiconductor range, i.e., 3.85 to 4.40 eV. The correlated colour temperature value varies from 2325 to 3813 K, which indicates a warm colour temperature. These findings also suggest that the present sample exhibits good potential to be used in electronic and optoelectronic devices.

2025, Heritage Science

2025, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy

h i g h l i g h t s Vibrational analysis of panel paintings: Seven Acts of Charity and Angelic Concert. Spectroscopic identification of ground layers and admixture of pigments. Determination of the pictorial technique. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t OM images under VIS and UV light 2PbO•SnO 2 Fe 2 O 3 Wavenumber/cm -1 Raman intensity Seven Acts of Charity, Anton Möller a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:

2025, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy under visible and ultraviolet light were applied to characterize the pigments, state of conservation, and painting techniques used in the 17th century panel painting ‘Servilius Appius’, attributed to Isaac van den Blocke. This Golden Age work of art is located at the Gdańsk History Museum.Briefly, individual layers of six samples from different parts of the aforementioned painting were analyzed. A rich palette of white, yellow, red, blue, and black pigments was identified using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Optical microscopy was also employed to observe and analyze these layers. The obtained results were compared with the art history knowledge of the painting. Consequently, these studies enabled precise characterization of the type of lead tin yellow, the admixture of pigments used in the painting layers, and the type of ground layers, as well as the determination of the pictorial technique used in the process of creating this work of art...

2025, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

In the framework of the inter‐disciplinary KongoKing project, a set of beads from archaeological excavations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was analysed by means of a minimally invasive, multi‐analytical approach based on micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The full characterization of the materials, including glassy network, opacifiers and colorizers, was achieved thanks to the combination of data from handheld X‐ray fluorescence, variable pressure scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, micro‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The obtained chemical information was used to fill the existing gap in the chemical study of beads from Western Central Africa. The cobalt‐rich blue beads were found to be of Central European origin, while the copper‐rich turquoise beads were manufactured using distinct copper sources. Cadmium yellow and cadmium red are the colourants responsible fo...

2025, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

The analytical category of motif, used by most rock art studies as a unit of observation and analysis, is commonly associated with single painting acts, assuming that each motif was made by an artist in a particular time. Notwithstanding, deeper insights on the history of production of rock art mainly describe complex processes of painting that comprised different stages of elaboration, as well as changes in the final configuration of the motif over time. This paper takes as a case study a rock art motif from the shelter of La Candelaria (northwestern Argentina), usually interpreted as a snake figure with several heads. In order to explore its history of production, we employed a multi-analytical approach combining detailed macroscopic studies with microscopic analysis of rock paintings by Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray and micro-Raman Spectroscopy. This methodology allows us to elucidate the several stages that create and transform this motif throughout its history. Although traditionally interpreted as a static figure, results obtained show solid proof that its morphology and materiality has changed over time. This discovery sheds light not only to a new and more complex understanding of the rock art from this archaeological site, but also highlights the theoretical and methodological challenge of recognizing each motif as a historical product.

2025, Chemical Industry

Russian icon painted on wooden panel analyzed in this work is interesting for art historians because there is no precise information in which workshops it was made or who the author was. Similar icons are often found in churches and monasteries in our region. In order to obtain information about materials used for creation of investigated icon two micro-analytical techniques were used: Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Obtained results confirmed presence of following materials: lead-white, vermilion, minium, ultramarine, brown and green earth pigments and silver in combination with yellow organic varnish, which served to an iconographer for gilding. Ground layer was made of calcite. Blue pigment ultramarine was probably used for blue colour as well as for obtaining particulars hues in several parts of the paint layer. This can be important information for further research concerning particular workshop in which the icon was made....

2025

Three Transylvanian fragments of some 18th century Saxon tiles obtained from excavations in the Central Railway Station Square in Sibiu (Romania) have been studied by Raman microscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDX and XRF techniques. A lead-rich aluminosilicate was found to have been used as enamel/glaze for the tile fragments. An analysis of the band components of the Raman spectra of the enamel of one fragment in the 400–1200 cm− 1 spectral region indicates that their processing temperature was in the 600–800 °C range, in good agreement with the temperature obtained from FTIR spectra of the other two tile fragments.

2025, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

In situ high‐pressure Raman spectra were collected on four pyroxenes, with composition CaCoSi2O6, CaMgSi2O6, CaCoGe2O6 and CaMgGe2O6, up to P = 7.6 and 8.3 GPa for silicates and germanates, respectively. The peak wavenumbers υi increase almost linearly with pressure; the slope dυi/dP is more pronounced for the modes at higher wavenumbers, and higher in germanates than in silicates. No phase transition or change in the compressional behaviour was observed within the investigated P‐range. The strong dependence of the peak position with pressure of the high energy stretching modes is due to the high sensitivity of the vibrational frequencies probed by Raman spectroscopy to subtle changes in the tetrahedral deformation, which are overlooked by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

2025

Development of reliable and eco-friendly green methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles have many advantages in the field of nano-technology. The aim of the present work, describes a cost effective and environment safe technique for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution using the plant extract as reducing agent. The synthesized silver nanoparticles have been characterized by UV-Vis spectra, FTIR, XRD, HRSEM analysis. The absorption maxima were scanned by UV-Vis spectroscopy. From FTIR spectra, the functional group responsible for silver reduction and capping for efficient stabilization of silver nanoparticles. The SEM analysis shows the synthesized nanoparticles are rod in shape. Further these biologically synthesized nanoparticles exhibit a tremendous anti-bacterial activity. Hence, the plant based route could be considered as fast and easy bio process of nanoparticles production.

2025, Heritage Science

2025

Recent investigations within Cathole Cave have revealed several rock engravings that date from the Upper Palaeolithic including a stylised cervid, possibly a reindeer and, as yet indistinguishable engravings above and below the cervid. In advance of the erection of a protective steel grille in 2014, several archaeological trenches revealed evidence of anthropogenic and palaeozoomorphic activity which probably dates from a period when much of the northern and western parts of the British Isles was covered by ice. In November 2010, one of the authors (GHN) discovered the presence of a possible haematite (Fe203) spread that occupied a small section of the western wall of the main gallery of the cave. This spread was either the result of natural secretion from the substrate or it was applied via human agency. No other possible haematite spreads existed within this particular cave, although haematite is common throughout the limestone caves of the Gower Peninsula. In 2015 the Welsh herit...

2025, Polymers

A large number of nano-sized oxides have been studied in the literature as fillers for polymeric membranes, such as Nafion ® . Superacidic sulfated oxides have been proposed and characterized. Once incorporated into polymer matrices, their beneficial effect on peculiar membrane properties has been demonstrated. The alteration of physical-chemical properties of composite membranes has roots in the intermolecular interaction between the inorganic filler surface groups and the polymer chains. In the attempt to tackle this fundamental issue, here we discuss, by a multi-technique approach, the properties of a nanosized sulfated titania material as a candidate filler for Nafion membranes. The results of a systematic study carried out by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, Raman and infrared spectroscopies are presented and discussed to get novel insights about the structural features, molecular properties, and morphological characteristics of sulphated TiO 2 nanopowders and composite Nafion membranes containing different amount of sulfated TiO 2 nanoparticles (2%, 5%, 7% w/w).

2025, Polymers

2025

Here, we examine the efcacy of Al-doped Y-type hexaferrite-reinforced polyaniline composites as cutting-edge materials for optimizing electromagnetic shielding. “Ba2Co2Al0.3Fe11.7O22” aluminium (Al) doped Y-type hexaferrite was synthesized via a low-cost sol–gel auto-combustion route and sintered at 1000 °C. A facile chemical method was utilized to prepare conducting polyaniline (PANI). Then, three composites with various compositions were synthesized via an in situ polymerization process, which was represented as FP-1 (95% Y-ferrite + 5% PANI), FP-2 (90% Y-ferrite + 10% PANI), and FP-3(85% Y-ferrite + 15% PANI). X-ray difraction (XRD) afrmed the formation of mono-phase hexagonal structured Y-type barium hexaferrite with higher degree crystallinity, and the measured approximated crystallite size of Y-ferrite/PANI nano-
composites ranging from 53.59 to 30.62 nm. It was noted that with the inclusion of PANI, the lattice constant “c” first enhances and then diminishes, and an enhancement in the unit cell volume, porosity, dislocation density, and micro-strain. The investigation of Raman spectra afrmed the development of pure Y-ferrite and Y-ferrite/PANI nanocomposites. The pure Y-ferrite compound divulged sharp and intense peaks. However, the intensity of these vibration peaks diminished as the
PANI content increased. Morphological analysis (FESEM) of Y-type hexagonal ferrite exhibited the development of coral-like grains with hexagonal forms, suitable for microwave absorption applications. The DC electrical resistivity at ambient temperature was measured as 2.67 × 109
Ω-cm for the Y-hexaferrite, and the resistivity of Y-ferrite/PANI nanocomposites reduced as PANI content heightened owing to the higher electrical conductivity of PANI as compared to the ferrites. The dielectric features of all the as-synthesized samples obeyed the Maxwell–Wagner model. Dielectric parameters, including dielectric constant/coefcient ( 휀′ ), dielectric loss ( 휀′′ ), tangent loss (Tanδ), and AC electrical conductivity (σac), depicted a positive correlation or direct proportionality with PANI content. Y-ferrite/PANI nano-composites exhibit versatile functionalities, which are promising for applications including energy storage, electronics, magnetic sensors, data storage, and electromagnetic shielding of microwaves.

2024, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

2024, Heliyon

La Serena region is a large plateau with open landscapes bounded in the south by a mountain chain formed by the Benquerencia, Tiros and La Rinconada Sierras. There are more than 300 painted and engraved sites in the region. Cueva Grande, Cueva de En medio and Cueva Pequeña are three Schematic rock art shelters located in the municipality of Benquerencia de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain. Over their panels have been documented more than a hundred of painted schematic figures (anthropomorphic figures, eye-shape figures and symbols) (Neolithic -Copper Age). Paintings are monochromatic with red or black coloration. A total of 13 samples (10 red and 3 black samples) from different panels were collected and analyzed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was able to characterize the main mineral component, respectively hematite for the red figures and charcoal for the black paintings. ATR-FTIR was useful to possible ochre and possible organic identification. These latest results are particularly important for understanding manufacturing processes and addressing conservation problems.

2024, Applied Spectroscopy

Normal, polarized, and cross-polarized Raman spectra of a single crystal of cafarsite, Ca 8 (Ti,Fe,Mn) 6± 7 (AsO 3 ) 12 ´4H 2 O , from Binntal (Switzerland) are reported. Comparison with known m etal oxides was used to achieve assignments of the observed bands. Differences between the polarized and cross-polarized spectra helped to identify the symm etric and asymm etric m odes. The bands at 258, 319, 721, and 763 cm 2 1 are assigned to the n 4 (E), n 2 (A 1 ), n 3 (E), and n 1 arsenite modes after com parison to AsF 3 . The bands at 204, 437, and 620 cm 2 1 are assigned to the asymm etric Fe(2)± O modes, while the bands at 232, 288, 464, and 506 cm 2 1 are the symm etric ones. The two bands at 837 and 880 cm 2 1 are ascribed to the symmetric and asymm etric Fe(1)± O m odes, resp ectively. The Ti± O m odes are assigned to the bands at 204 and 648 cm 2 1 (asymmetric) and to 319, 390, and 802 cm 2 1 (symm etric). Bands at 288 and 587 cm 2 1 rep resent the symm etric and asymm etric modes, resp ectively, of the Ca± O bonds. O n the basis of the Raman spectra , no distinction can be made between the two crystallographic Ca sites. Also no differen ce can be made between the two crystallographic Mn sites in cafarsite. Mn± O bands are observed at 335, 437 (asymm etric), 464, 506, and 601 cm 2 1 (symm etric).

2024, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Les fibres naturelles sous leurs formes traditionnelles ou sous de nouvelles formes (fibres/films/ composites régénérés) offrent une alternative aux fibres synthétiques. La soie du Bombyx mori présente de très bonnes propriétés mécaniques moyennes, mais une très grande variabilité. Afin de mieux comprendre cette variabilité des soies de différentes sources (vers à soie ou araignées) sont analysées par plusieurs techniques (absorption Infrarouge et diffusion Raman in situ-in vivo, calorimétrie, traction uniaxiale) pour caractériser simultanément la structure et la mécanique des monofilaments, en fonction de leur âge, depuis le précurseur de fibroïne dans la glande jusqu'aux fibres chimiquement traitées (décreusage, teintures) en passant par des fibres prélevées in vivo. Cinq comportements sont identifiés et discutés en fonction des changements structuraux (transition hélices α -feuillets β), des interactions avec l'eau à la lumière de l'analyse des modes Amide I & II ainsi que du mode νN-H et de son décalage Raman sous contrainte ou allongement contrôlé. Le passage de la soie d'un état hydrophobe à hydrophile dans la zone filière explique l'établissement de couplages entre macromolécules de fibroïne et la formation du filament de soie.

2024, Applied Spectroscopy

A Ni-Co-As ore sample from Cobalt City, Ontario, Canada was examined with Scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. In addition to cobaltian (para)rammelsbergite with variable cobalt content, for which Cobalt City is the type locality, and erythrite one new minerals was observed for this locality. Well formed crystals of arsenolite, As 2 O 3 , were found embedded in what appears to be fibrous spherocobaltite, CoCO 3 . Additional information was obtained by Raman microscopy confirming the identification of the arsenolite. Both are considered to be secondary minerals formed by exposure to air resulting in oxidation and the formation of secondary carbonates.

2024, Applied Spectroscopy

Characterization by micro-Raman spectroscopy of polymeric materials used as nuclear track detectors reveals physico-chemical and morphological information on the material's molecular structure. In this work, the nuclear track detector poly(allyl diglycol carbonate), or Columbia Resin .39 (CR-39), was characterized according to the fluence of alpha particles produced by a 226Ra source and chemical etching time. Therefore, damage of the CR-39 chemical structure due to the alpha-particle interaction with the detector was analyzed at the molecular level. It was observed that the ionization and molecular excitation of the CR-39 after the irradiation process entail cleavage of chemical bonds and formation of latent track. In addition, after the chemical etching, there is also loss of polymer structure, leading to the decrease of the group density C-O-C (~888 cm−1), CH=CH (~960 cm−1), C-O (~1110 cm−1), C-O-C (~1240 cm−1), C-O (~1290 cm−1), C=O (~1741 cm−1), –CH2-(~2910 cm−1), and the m...

2024

Accompagnant la publication de cet inventaire, un ouvrage plus généraliste paraît aux Éditions Universitaires d'Avignon (EUA), intitulé :

2024, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

In Northwestern Patagonia, many archaeological sites can be found that testify human occupation by hunter–gatherer groups during the Holocene period. The general purpose of archaeological research in this area is to obtain information on the movements of these groups between the dry steppe and the different sectors in the forests. This paper reports on the results of the first spectroscopic analysis of samples from the archaeological excavation of two hunter–gatherer regions in Northern Patagonia (Traful Lake and Manso River areas). Thirty samples of rock art fragments, grinding tools, shell, raw pigment material, as well as painted ceramics and beads were examined with micro‐Raman spectroscopy, complemented with X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Micro‐Raman analysis revealed mostly the use of haematite (Fe2O3) as the red chromophore. The presence of associated minerals and silicates indicated that clay‐like material (ochre) was used, instead of pure haematite. Although not fully c...

2024, Chemical Industry

2024, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

Carbon‐based black pigments are a wide group of dark‐colored materials, which are classified according to the starting material used and their method of manufacture. Raman spectroscopy is an ideal technique for the characterization of carbonaceous matter: crystalline carbon materials present well‐defined peaks, which can be easily assigned; amorphous carbon materials, on the other hand, show broad bands between 1300 and 1600 cm−1. The aim of this work was the discrimination between carbon‐based pigments by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Five carbon‐based pigments provided by Zecchi (lampblack, ivory black, bistre, bitumen, and graphite), two humic‐earth materials [Van Dyck (Kremer) and Earth of Kassel (Zecchi)], and a commercial wood charcoal were studied. Raman spectra of all the samples showed the characteristic bands at approximately 1580 and 1350 cm−1; however, a clear difference in position, width, and relative intensity could be observed for most of the samples. The resulting analy...

2024, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

The structures of the sulphates and arsenates of the tsumcorites mineral group have been determined using Raman microscopy. Extensive isomorphic substitution is observed.

2024, Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry International Journal

Luisetto M, Nili B, Edbey K, Tarro G, Cabianca L and Lathyshev Oleg Yu. Raman (Rs) Spectroscopy for Biopharmaceutical Quality Control and PAT. Raw Material - Final Products: the Nanolipids Effect on Signal Intensity. Regulatory and... more

2024, Journal of Archaeological Science : Reports

This paper presents the study of ink from first millennium manuscripts discovered in the Kucha and Dunhuang regions (West China) from the "Pelliot collection" stored at the Biblioth`eque nationale de France (Paris, France). The sixteen analyzed manuscripts written in black ink were selected partly because of their diverse characteristics (script, type, etc.) and partly because of the high possibility for their accurate dating between 4 th to the 8 th century. This period is defined by an important economic growth as well as cultural and artistic activities, facilitated by the fact that Kucha and Dunhuang played a key role in the passage of the Silk Road network connecting China, India and western Central Asia. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies were first employed as they are non-destructive and non-invasive methods. They indicated that the ink present on the manuscripts was composed of soot and protein binder, however they did not provide direct insight on the precise origin of the soot (e.g pine soot or lampblack) and the protein binder used in the fabrication of inks. The analysis of the inked manuscripts by pyrolysiscomprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GCxGC-MS)for which only a small amount of sample (microgram quantities) is required-and the exploration of the obtained multivariate datasets combining Hierarchical Clustering and PCA provide invaluable information on Asian inks, their manufacture and use in different historical periods. Our research suggests that the majority of the inks were made with pine soot. Furthermore, our results reveal different chemical signatures that may be indicators of difference in the production of pine soot (use of various species of pine wood, combustion parameters, etc.). Moreover, diverse proteinaceous binders and additives, known to have been used in ancient Chinese ink manufacture to ensure ink's consistency and for their antimicrobial and aromatic properties, were identified.

2024, Journal of Molecular Structure

Retrieved Hylamere acetabular cups were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman micro-spectroscopy and compared with conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cups to evaluate their crystallinity and crystal structure. At the same time, wear debris were recovered and analyzed by Raman micro-spectroscopy. DSC results showed that Hylamere manufacturing conditions enhanced crystallinity, lamellar thickness, and lamellar thickness distribution. Also Raman coupled to partial least squares (PLS) analysis was utilized to estimate the crystallinity of the samples; the intensity of the orthorhombic Raman band at 1415 cm K1 was used to calculate the orthorhombic content. The crystallinity values obtained by DSC and Raman measurements (both PLS and orthorhombic percentages) agreed in the case of conventional cups while for Hylamere samples important discrepancies were observed. This finding suggests a partial transformation from orthorhombic into monoclinic phase and/or ill-defined orthorhombic one during the manufacturing of Hylamere. This transformation is much more evident in the debris. This is the first case of observed phase transformation in Hylamere acetabular cups after in vivo wear and in PE debris. The phase transformation could be responsible for the poor clinical performances of Hylamere acetabular cups.

2024

Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of X-ray irradiated pure and doped with four different rare earth ions (viz., Pr 3þ , Nd 3þ , Sm 3þ and Eu 3þ) Li 2 OeCdoeB 2 O 3 glasses have been studied in the temperature range 303e573 K; the pure glass has exhibited single TL peak at 466 K. When this glass is doped with different rare earth ions no additional peaks are observed but the glow peak temperature of the existing glow peak shifted gradually towards higher temperatures with gain in intensity of TL light output. The area under the glow curve is found to be maximum for Eu 3þ doped glasses. The trap depth parameters associated with the observed TL peaks have been evaluated using Chen's formulae. The possible use of these glasses in radiation dosimetry has been described. The result clearly showed that europium doped cadmium borate glass has a potential to be considered as the thermoluminescence dosimeter.

2024

Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of X-ray irradiated pure and doped with four different rare earth ions (viz., Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ and Eu 3+) lithium borate glasses mixed with the three different modifiers ZnO, CaO and CdO have been studied in 303-573 K. All the pure glasses have exhibited single thermoluminescence peak at 382, 424 and 466 K, respectively. When these glasses are doped with different rare earth ions no additional peaks are observed but the glow peak temperature of the existing glow peak shifted gradually towards higher temperatures with gain in intensity of thermoluminescence light output. The area under the glow curve is also found to be maximum for Eu 3+ doped glasses. The glasses containing CdO as modifier have exhibited the maximum thermoluminescence light output. The trap depth parameters associated with the observed thermoluminescence peaks have been evaluated using Chen's formulae. The possible use of these glasses in radiation dosimetry has been described.

2024, Journal of Archaeological Science

The analysis of residues on stone tools can yield important insights into the tool-using behaviors of Paleolithic hominins. The ambiguity of residue identifications using visible-light microscopy (VLM) has led to the development of additional techniques for their characterization. Reflectance-based Fouriertransform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) is a technique with great potential to aid in nondestructive residue identifications. Recent applications of the technique, however, have been hampered by methodological challenges, causing the infrared signals to be dominated by the stone rather than the residues. We address this problem by systematically testing the limits of FTIRM on five categories of experimental plant residues (wood bark, wood pith, grass leaves, starch, and resin). We demonstrate that it is possible to obtain FTIRM spectra of in situ plant residues wherein the effect of the stone is virtually eliminated. We also generate reflectance FTIRM spectral standards for each plant residue investigated and provide peak assignments for the major peaks in all spectra. The sensitivity of the technique means that slight differences in sample preparation can result in spectral differences as well. This means that archaeological application of the technique will require (1) careful, peak-by-peak analyses of the results, (2) extensive spectral libraries, and (3) research into the effects of decomposition.

2024

Computational synthesis has revolutionized the field of organosilane research by enabling the prediction of molecular properties and spectroscopic signatures. By leveraging quantum

2024

Volcanic particles in ash clouds can cause adverse effects on human health as well as having the potential to cause critical damage to aircraft. In order to improve understanding of the underlying causes for the damage caused by volcanic particles we examined their appearance in 3D using confocal microscopy. We present here results of 3D imaging of volcanic glass particles from two Icelandic volcanoes together with experimentally-vesiculated volcanic glass. True colour 3D images were obtained using an Olympus LEXT 3D laser scanning reflectance confocal microscope. The images show bubble structure, fracture patterns, shape morphology and characteristics of grains. Simulated fragments and bubbles compare well with real material from the Icelandic events, with similar overall bubble sizes. 3D laser confocal microscopy imaging of volcanic glass fragments helps in examining the structure of volcanic particles and hence has the potential of leading to improved understanding of their poten...

2024, Ceramics International

The composition of 64SiO 2-16Na 2 O-12CaO-2Al 2 O 3-(6-x)MgO-xLi 2 O (x = 0, 2, 4 and 6) prepared by the melt quench technique to study the effect of Li 2 O on optical and mechanical properties. The X-ray diffraction spectra confirmed the amorphous nature of all the quenched samples. The density, hardness, and elastic modulus are found to be decreased with the addition of Li 2 O modifier instead of MgO. On the other hand, the brittleness, optical band gap, and transparency of the glasses are increased due to the conversion of bridging oxygens into non-bridging oxygens. Interestingly, the asymmetric structural units of SiO 2 (3 and 1) increased instead of 2 with the replacement of MgO by Li 2 O. The highest transparency is observed with the highest content of Li 2 O (6 mol%). The transparency along with other properties are found to be either comparable or higher than the commercially available windshield glasses. Thus, these glasses can be used as windshield glass in automobiles.

2024

Je suis de ceux qui pensent que la science est d'une grande beauté. Un scientifique dans son laboratoire est non seulement un technicien : il est aussi un enfant placé devant des phénomènes naturels qui l'impressionnent comme des contes de fées. » Marie Curie Remerciement i Remerciement Je souhaite remercier les membres du jury qui ont accepté d'évaluer mon travail. Je remercie les professeurs Bernard Humbert et Nordin Felidj qui ont accepté d'être rapporteur. Je tiens aussi à remercier le professeur Philippe Savarin et les docteurs Michèle Salmain et Nadia Djaker-Oudjhara d'avoir accepté d'évaluer mon travail en tant qu'examinateur. Je remercie aussi les professeurs Hélène Pernot, directrice du LRS, et Philippe Savarin, directeur du CSPBAT, de m'avoir d'intégrer leur laboratoire. Je remercie aussi le personnel des deux laboratoires qui m'ont accueilli dans la joie et la bonne humeur. De plus je remercie les partenaires autrichiens, le professeur Wolfgang Knoll et le docteur Jakub Dostalek, qui m'ont donné l'opportunité de venir plusieurs fois dans leur laboratoire à Tulln en Autriche pour m'enseigner de nouvelles techniques dans le cadre du projet ANR. Je tiens aussi particulièrement à remercier les professeurs Souhir Boujday et Marc Lamy de la Chapelle qui ont dirigé ma thèse et leur soutien. Ils m'ont permis d'avoir la chance de mener une thèse dans des conditions que je pourrais qualifier de « privilégiées » car ils m'ont permis de participer à l'ANR et à de nombreuses conférences en Europe et au Canada durant lesquels j'ai pu présenter mes travaux. Je remercie également Alexandre Chevillot pour son aide lors des métallisations et Jeanne Solard pour son aide à la salle blanche. Je remercie Maroua Ben Haddada, Célia Arib, Hanane Moustaoui, Qi Qian Liu et tous les stagiaires pour leur bonne humeur et qui ont permis de rendre vivant mon bureau au CSPBAT. Je remercie Somia Tomane, Yacine Mazouzi, David Hu, Vincent Pellas mes compagnons de bureau pour avoir rempli le bureau de bonne humeur et pour les sorties au bar pour décompresser. Je remercie aussi Nadia Nazi, Estelle Palierse, Lise Bedoin, Lu Zhang, Alexis Loiseau pour leur présence et pour les repas partagés. Et je remercie François Payan pour ces conseils pour Word. SELEX : évolution systématique de ligands par enrichissement exponentiel (sytematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) SERS : Diffusion Raman exaltée de surface (Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy) SNOM: microscope en champ proche (Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy) SPP : polariton de plasmon de surface (Surface plasmon polariton)

2024, Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research

In this study, the spectroscopic properties of 2-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine (MTFMP) were investigated by FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1 H and 13 C NMR techniques. Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Fourier-transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectra of MTFMP was recorded in the region 3500-400cm-1 and 3500-100cm-1 , respectively. 13 C and 1 H NMR chemical shifts were calculated by using the gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The molecular structure and fundamental vibrational frequencies have been obtained from density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP and LSDA methods with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set calculations. Infrared intensities and Raman activities were calculated using DFT/ B3LYP method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of the title compound was calculated to predict the static charges in the molecule. The thermodynamic properties at different temperatures were calculated, revealing the correlations between standard heat capacities, standard entropy and standard enthalpy changes with temperatures.

2024, Heritage Science

2024, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

Radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtered silver incorporated indium oxide thin films were prepared and their structural and morphological properties were studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Raman modes corresponding to the cubic bixbyite phase of indium oxide were obtained through micro-Raman spectroscopy. AFM images exhibited dense distribution of grains. Elemental analysis using EDS spectra confirmed the presence of indium, silver and oxygen in the prepared films.