Microwave Power Transmission Research Papers (original) (raw)

2024, International journal of engineering research and technology

In this paper, we have presented the concept of cable less transmission i.e. power without the usage of any kind of the electrical conductor or wires. We present an idea discussed here, how energy can be transmitted as microwaves, so as to reduce the transmission and allocation losses, known as Microwave Power transmission (MPT). We have also cited several aspects relating to history of wireless power transmission systems along with the present day scenario of Power transmission systems and also some of the developmental changes in Wireless Power Transmission (WPT). The Basic Design and Implementation of Wireless power System has also been given. We have also presented the Merits, Demerits and the applications of WPT with monitoring IoT based.

2024, SSRN Electronic Journal

Nowadays electronic circuits are widely used which in turn increased the demand for power in future. Solar energy, which is non-renewable energy can be used. But only 1/100 th part of total solar energy is received on the earth. There are many satellites which are being used for many applications. A Satellite with a specific application for generating power from solar energy is proposed which can be used to transmit the stored energy to the earth station in the form of microwaves (RF signal). This kind of satellites are called as solar power satellites (SPS) and these are placed in LEO/MEO so that they would be able to face the sun 99% of the time. These Solar Power Satellites collect energy from the sun and convert them to DC power and stores in a battery reserve. This DC power from the battery reserve can be converted into RF energy of required frequency using a device called Magnetron and the converted power is transmitted to the earth station antenna which is coupled to an array of Rectifier circuit so that the received RF power is then converted to DC energy. The motive behind the Solar power satellites is environmental pollution due to carbon dioxide emissions from thermal power plants and global warming.

2023, Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering

The paper discusses the design of aperture-coupled microstrip patch antennas for dual linear polarisation with special emphasis on achieving a wide bandwidth and a high polar- isation isolation. The coupling behaviour of crossed slot and offset slot designs is discussed and compared to each other. Several design examples for aperture-coupled antenna ele- ments illustrate how the polarisation isolation decreases as the bandwidth of the antenna elements is increasing. A design example for an 8xl element subarray for a frequency in X- band (9.6 G Hz) shows a standing wave ratio of VSWR< 1..5 and a polarisation isolation of better than 2.5 dB within a bandwidth of 470 MHz.

2023, 2004 RF and Microwave Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX924)

This paper focuses on the design of a rectangular microstrip antenna which can operate at three frequencies over the L and S-band region. The chosen frequencies are the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite frequencies in the L-band and 2.45 GHz of the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system. The main objective of this work is to experimentally verify the mathematically modelled multilayer rectangular patch antenna having three equal-size radiating elements, each operates at a different frequency within the specified bands. The feed line is located at the non-radiating edge. The MalhCAD software has been used for computing and correlating the relevant design formulations. A simple expression consisting of two variable parameters, the relative permittivity and its thickness, have been successfully developed. The three layers of the antenna have identical radiating sizes of 48 mm by 37 mm. The measured antenna exhibit well-matched frequency of operations that correspond to the simulated antennas and theory.

2023, Jurnal Teknologi Maklumat

Abstract-An experimental investigation of a rectangular microstrip patch structure having an inset or recessed feed at its non-radiating edge is presented. The basic structure operates at 1.6 GHz, when fed with a coaxial line or... more

2023, IEICE Transactions on Electronics

Recently, "Both-Side Retrodirective System" was proposed, as a beam convergence technique, for microwave high power transmission. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the both-side retrodirective system by experiment, the authors propose a 2-dimensional measurement equipment. Propagation in the parallel plate waveguide was analogized based on freespace propagation, and the theory and characteristics were clarified by simulation. The electric field distribution in the waveguide was measured by electric probe with the proposed equipment. Two types of measurement equipment were developed. One is a 4-element experiment system, which is a small-scale device for principle verification. The other is a 16-element measurement equipment, which is intended to evaluate beam convergence of a both-side retrodirective system in the next step. The measured results were compared with simulation results. As a result, it was confirmed that the beam formed in the waveguide was successfully measured. Thus, the effectiveness of 2-dimensional measurement equipment for evaluation of beam convergence was shown.

2023

This is a proposal for solar power generation in which the solar power is converted into microwaves through satellites called Solar Power Satellites (SPS) and it is received using a special type of antennae called rectenna, mounted on earth surface. The concept of free space power propagation is not a new concept and it is the topic of discussion for nearly four decades. In this paper we explain the same for the generation and reception of electrical power using the rectennas. Rectennas are special type of antennae that could convert the incoming microwave radiation into electricity and this electricity can be sent to grids for storage and future usage. The paper first discusses about the history of free space power transmission and gives a brief introduction to the rectenna concept. The important component of the rectenna, the schottky barrier diode is explained. Then the functional model for the Solar Power Satellite is explained. The importance of the solar energy is explained bo...

2023, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

A novel transparent UWB antenna for photovoltaic solar-panel integration and RF energy harvesting is proposed in this paper. Since the approval by the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) in 2002, much research has been undertaken on ultrawide band (UWB) technology especially for wireless communications. However, in the last decade, UWB has also been proposed as a power harvester. In this paper, a transparent cone top tapered slot antenna covering the frequency range from 2.2 GHz to 12.1 GHz is designed and fabricated to provide UWB communications whilst integrated onto to solar panels as well as harvest electromagnetic waves from free space and convert them into electrical energy. The antenna when sandwiched between an a-Si solar panel and glass is able to demonstrate a quasi Omnidirectional pattern that is characteristic of a UWB. The antenna when connected to a 2.55-GHz rectifier is able to produce 18 mV DC in free space and 4.4 mV DC on glass for an input power of 10 dBm at a distance of 5 cm. Although the antenna presented in this paper is a UWB antenna, only an operating range of 2.49 to 2.58 GHz for power scavenging is possible due to the limitation of the narrowband rectifier used for the study.

2023, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters

Design and characterization of a W-band rectenna, consisting of a 2 × 2 patch sub-array integrated with matching elements and rectifying circuitry is presented. The key element of the rectenna is a Mott diode that has permitted considerable improvement of RF-to-DC conversion efficiency in comparison with commercially available GaAs mm-wave diodes. The experimental setup was equipped by two focusing lenses, allowing a concentration of RF power within the beam spot of a 1 cm diameter at a distance of 1 m. The tuneable W-band source delivering 0.4 W RF CW power was employed to perform large-signal experiments and to measure load characteristics of the rectenna. The measured RF-to-DC conversion efficiency with the single Mott diode is approximately 17%, which is approximately 5 times higher than the commercial counterpart (Microsemi).

2023, 2015 17th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)

This paper presents the research conducted and the progress achieved in the design and implementation of the low cost Energy Harvesting System for low power remote RF Sensor applications. In this implementation, conventional battery is replaced with a super-capacitor which is charged by DC voltage harvested out of RF EM waves. The Friis equation was used to evaluate free space losses in RF Energy at each stage of the system. The amount of time for the charging of the 3F/2.7V super-cap in the best case scenario was 3.5 hours.

2023, 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI)

Intra-body electromagnetic propagation through dispersive tissue and studies of wireless power transmission have tended to focus on MHz frequencies due to relatively lower tissue absorption loss in this frequency range. Other studies have focused on the 2.4GHz frequency. The Medical Implant Communication Service, a standard specified by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, allows bi-directional radio communication between implantable devices using 401 and 406 MHz. Recent studies, however, have shown that frequencies in the low GHz range can be used for both bi-directional communication and wireless power transfer with the lowest absorption loss. This paper presents a preliminary study towards the development of an implantable module at 1.86 GHz. A Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) has been considered as the modules' antenna and in order to increase the inherently narrow bandwidth, a ground slot is used. The module demonstrates omni-directional radiation pattern, it is well matched at 1.86 GHz and it has I.S dBi gain. The module's antenna can be easily inkjet-printed on conformal materials such as paper and bio compatible LCP. I.

2023, Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science

A complete system of wireless power transfer using a circularly polarized retrodirective array is presented. A dual frequency, active retrodirective array is proposed for a transmitter system. The antenna array uses circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna subarrays with sequential rotation and surface wave suppression. The designed antenna element eliminates undesired coupling between array elements due to surface waves present in conventional microstrip antenna arrays in order to improve array performance. A sequential rotation technique was implemented to improve impedance matching and circular polarization bandwidths. The proposed retrodirective array was designed to operate at about 2.4 GHz for the interrogating signal and about 5.8 GHz for the retransmitted signal. The beam scanning inherent in retrodirective arrays ensures a uniform power level available to the receiving devices, regardless of their location within the angular sector over which retrodirectivity is achiev...

2023, International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering

This article performs an analysis of current limitations regarding the extraction of parallel behavioral models to reproduce the power amplifier (PA) nonlinear behavior and its dynamics. To overcome these limitations, a general preprocessing block that clearly improves the identification capabilities shown by classical parallel structures is proposed. It follows the principle of separating both static and dynamic nonlinear behavior of the PA to obtain a better identification performance. A comparison with common parallel configurations using linear estimation is performed, to highlight the benefits of using the preprocessing structure. Furthermore, a new nonlinear parallel structure using sub-band filtering techniques is also proposed. For the models extraction and comparison, four types of noise-free simulated data presenting different levels of nonlinearities and memory, as well as a measured signal obtained from a laboratory amplifier have been considered. V

2023

Deploying rectennas in space requires adapting existing designs developed for terrestrial applications to the space environment. One of the major issues in doing so is to understand the thermal performance of existing designs in the space environment. Toward that end, a 3D rectenna thermal model has been developed, which involves analyzing shorted rectenna elements and finite size rectenna element arrays. A shorted rectenna element is a single element whose ends are connected together by a material of negligible thermal resistance. A shorted element is a good approximation to a central element of a large array. This model has been applied to Brown's 2.45 GHz rectenna design. Results indicate that Brown's rectenna requires redesign or some means of enhancing the heat dissipation in order for the diode temperature to be maintained below 200°C above an output power density of 620 W/m 2. The model developed in this paper is very general and can be used for the analysis and design of any type of rectenna design of any frequency.

2023, IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments

2023, Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics

The wireless power transmission (WPT) technology is an extension of wireless communication. The physics of WPT and wireless communication are related, but WPT is distinct from wireless transmission for transferring information (such as radio and mobile phones etc.), where the percentage of the power that is received is only important if it becomes too low to successfully recover the signal. With WPT, the efficiency is a more critical parameter and this creates important differences in these technologies. This paper presents the wireless power transmission (WPT), from past work to most recent accomplishments including recent developments, potential approaches and factors responsible for designing most critical rectifying diodes operating at terahertz/petahertz frequencies.

2023, 2013 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Antennas Propagation

This paper presents an efficiency increase method using the cascade connected rectifier network for low power operation in X-band. The presented cascade rectifier network is better for the large number of rectifier array, especially low power applications and has a simpler network than series connection network while producing a higher voltage than parallel connection network. The result shows 12% and 38% more power gained compared to series and parallel connection at 0 dBm and-3 dBm of input power respectively. Simulation conducted using Avago Technology HSMS-8101 schottky barrier diode and Taconic TLC-30-0200 substrate.

2023, Progress In Electromagnetics Research

A new design for a compact and wideband circularly-polarized rectenna with high efficiency operating at X-band is proposed. A dual-slot coupled antenna excited by an H-shaped slot fed by a T-shaped microstrip is designed to yield wideband performance as a receiving array antenna. Rectifying circuit models for harmonic suppression circuit, impedance matching, DC-pass circuit, and DC return circuit at the input and output of the diode are built up and optimized to transfer the maximum power from the antenna to the load using an ADS circuit simulator. An RF-DC conversion efficiency of 71.9% is measured on the conditions of 300 Ω load, and 50.1 mW RF input power at 9.5 GHz operating frequency. For the proposed wideband rectenna, the efficiency of more than 50% is measured over a 1 GHz frequency bandwidth. The measured gain, axial ratio, and return loss of the circularly polarized antenna with a 4-element array are 11.2 dBi, 1.1 dB, and −16.4 dB, respectively. The reflection coefficient of the array antenna is measured at less than −10 dB over a wide frequency range of about 2 GHz. Using this antenna as transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) radiators, the free-space power transfer capability of the rectenna is tested in free space to turn on an LED at 25 cm distance.

2022, Chemical Engineering Research and Design

In this study, waste palm shell was used to produce activated carbon (AC) using microwave radiation and zinc chloride as a chemical agent. The operating parameters of the preparation process were optimised by a combination of response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The influence of the four major parameters, namely, microwave power, activation time, chemical impregnation ratio and particle size, on methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity and AC yield were investigated. Based on the analysis of variance, microwave power and microwave radiation time were identified as the most influential factors for AC yield and MB adsorption capacity, respectively. The optimum preparation conditions are a microwave power of 1200 W, an activation time of 15 min, a ZnCl 2 impregnation ratio of 1.65 (g Zn/g precursor) and a particle size of 2 mm. The prepared AC under the optimised condition had a BET surface area (S BET) of 1253.5 m 2 /g with a total pore volume (V tot) of 0.83 cm 3 /g, which 56% of it was contributed to the micropore volume (V mic).

2022, International Journal of Technical Research & Science

The futuristic advances in power transmission through microwaves. Sun is a limitless source of energy. A space power satellite (sps) orbiting round the earth traps solar energy & generates electric power using photovoltaic cells of sizable area. Sps transmits the generated power via a microwave beam to the receiving rectenna site on earth. A rectenna (rectifying antenna) comprises of a mesh of dipoles & diodes for absorbing microwave energy from a transmitter & converts it into electric power. We are aware of the fact that light is an electromagnetic wave. Light rays never diffuse in space & if by any means these rays can be transmitted from space to earth then it will be a perfect solution for our desired need of 24 hrs power supplies. The approaches for establishing human race in space can come true only if the basic requirement of human beings is satisfied i.e. 24HRS power, which can be efficiently served by rectenna. A wireless power transmission using microwave is a system which contains satellite based solar power system (SPS). The use of solar cells in space achieves 24 hour sunlight & are unaffected by atmosphere & clouds. My concept is a comprehensive study of various components of satellite based SPS & projects this technology as a bulk source of power generation in future.

2022, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2005.

This paper presents the design, implementation and characterization of a rectenna array for wireless powering of sensor electronics for airframe fatigue detection. The rectenna aperture is powered 5 minutes at a time during inspection with a requirement of ±15V at 100mW. The maximum incident RF power is 10mW/cm 2. A single rectenna element at this incident power density has an output power of 5 mW and an estimated efficiency of 50%. Each of the 25 antenna elements has an integrated rectifier, the outputs of which are combined in series to achieve the total required voltage and power at an estimated efficiency of 40%.

2022, 30th European Microwave Conference, 2000

This paper presents a new approach to efficient rectenna arrays for arbitrarily polarized incident waves with broad spectral content. The approach is validated experimentally on a dense grid array that rectifies two orthogonal linear polarizations, and on a self-similar spiral array with alternating right-hand and left-hand circular polarizations. The two arrays operate from 4.5 to 8 GHz and 8.5 to 15 GHz and have maximum open circuit voltages of 3.5 and 4.0 V,respectively. Their efficiencies increase above 35 % and 45 % ,respectively, for higher incident powers.

2022

WPT could take up the traditional way of charging since the major drawback with current distribution system are related with numerous non-avoidable transmission loses. Also, loses are proportional to power supply. In WPT system, no physical conductor is required. Moreover, the major advantages of WPT include cordless power solution, expandable power range, mobility and many more. WPT is used to transfer high power while near field (NFC) communication is used high date rate with low power.

2022, International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

In the last few years, several antenna designs of rectenna that meet various objectives have been proposed for use in RF energy harvesting. Among various antennas, microstrip patch antennas are widely used because of their low profile, light weight, and planar structure. Conventional patch antennas are rectangular or circular in shape, but variations in their basic design are made for different purposes. This paper begins with an explanation and discussion of different designs, put forward with an aim of miniaturization, harmonic rejection, and reconfigurability. Finally, microstrip patch structured rectennas are evaluated and compared with an emphasis on the various methods adopted to obtain a compact rectenna, harmonic rejection functionality, and frequency and polarization selectivity.

2022, Electronics

This work presents digital retrodirective method to do microwave power transfer (MPT) for solar power satellite (SPS). Due to space environment, there is concern of antenna deformation, which will affect beam forming. Size of SPS is large and synchronization among antenna modules is difficult. Flexibility regarding frequency selection for MPT is also a requirement for SPS. Digital Retrodirective method determines phase of pilot signal and power signal is transmitted with conjugate phase. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) circuit is used for digital retrodirective method. Experiment is performed without antenna deformation and with antenna deformation cases. Digital retrodirective method performs beam forming without synchronization among antenna modules and corrects effect of antenna deformation successfully. Flexibility for frequency selection is also achieved by the DSP circuit. The presented results confirm that digital retrodirective method is a good candidate for power transfer f...

2022, 2006 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference

A new kind of information carrying technology is proposed on the platform of a circularly-polarized Van Atta retrodirective array. Similar to the phase conjugated array but with lower design complexity, the proposed array exhibits retrodirectivity and can transmit information from the base station to the interrogator. In this paper, a dual-circularlypolarized antenna array that can isolate the incoming and outgoing signals is designed for both receiving and transmitting purposes. The radar-cross-section (RCS) patterns confirm the retrodirective ability with a wide scanning range of over 120°. Low-noise FET amplifiers with low power consumption and noise figure are employed to increase the link gain. Without the need of an LO, the proposed array can modulate a digital source such that signal at the output of the amplifier carry information.

2022, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2005.

2022, The 40th European Microwave Conference

In this contribution, the role of artificial resonant structures in increasing the transmission through sub-wavelength apertures is discussed. Those devices are capable to enhance the aperture equivalent electric and magnetic dipole moments and, consequently, the overall power transmission. The design details are given and the enhancement performances are then illustrated through the use of full-wave simulations. Such structures may find applications in different fields, such as high-resolution spatial filters, ultra-diffractive imaging systems, etc

2022, 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI)

2022, Proceedings. Student Conference on Research and Development, 2003. SCORED 2003.

Bluetooth wireless technology provides shortrange wireless voice and data communication in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band of radio spectrum, This paper describes several half wave printed dipole antemas with offset feed operating at. Bluetooth frequency of 2.45 GHz. Two variation of feeding techniques have been employed, namely the side feed and direct feed. Direct feed techniques were incorporated in some structures in order to reduce antennas size. A corresponding rectangular patch antenna operating at the same frequency is also designed for comparison purposes. Numerical simulations have been carried out on the designed structures using Micropatch and Sonnetlite sofhares. The antennas have been fabricated on GML laminates and tested. Measured one port results showed that all the antennas are well-matched at their corresponding frequency of operation. The co-polarisation radiation patterns exhibit broad beamwidlhs.

2022, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters

2022, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2005.

2022, Electronics

In this research work, a reconfigurable 2.45-GHz RF-DC converter realized in a 180-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is proposed to efficiently harvest electromagnetic energy. The proposed circuit is composed of a low-power path rectifier, a high-power path rectifier, and an adaptive path control (APC) circuit. The APC circuit is made-up of a comparator, two switches, and an inverter. The APC circuit senses the output voltages of the low-power path and the high-power path rectifiers and generates a control signal to automatically switch the proposed circuit between the lower-power path and the high-power path operation depending upon RF input power level. The proposed circuit obtains more than 20% measured power conversion efficiency (PCE) from −6 dBm to 11 dBm input power range with maximum efficiencies of 41% and 45% at 1 and 6 dBm input powers, respectively, for 5 kΩ load resistance. In addition, the proposed circuit shows excellent performance at 900 M...

2022, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

A physical limitation on the power transfer efficiency between two electrically small antennas in the near-field range is presented. By using a Z-parameter which describes the interaction between two antennas for TE 10 TM 10 spherical modes in connection with antenna parameters, the maximum power transfer efficiency and the optimum load impedance are shown as functions of the distance between two antennas, the radiation efficiency and the input impedance of the isolated antenna. The theory is verified by a simulation with a small helical antenna, which generates TE 10 and TM 10 modes, simultaneously.

2022, Scientific Reports

We present the idea and design of a dual polarized metasurface for electromagnetic energy harvesting. A 4 × 4 super cell with alternating vias between adjacent cells was designed to allow for capturing the energy from various incident angles at an operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. The collected energy is then channeled to a feeding network that collects the AC power and feeds it to a rectification circuitry. The simulation results yielded a radiation to AC and an AC to DC conversion efficiencies of around 90% and 80%, respectively. As a proof of concept, an array consisting of 9 super cells was fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that the proposed energy harvester is capable of capturing up to 70% of the energy from a planewave having various polarizations and converting it to usable DC power.

2022, Chemical Engineering Research and Design

2022, Proceedings 60th International Astronautical Congress IAC

Concepts for solar power from space have received renewed attention over the past year. High costs for fossil fuel during most of 2007 and 2008 have contributed to increasing the interest not only in traditional renewable energy sources but also in options usually considered as rather “exotic”. Solar power from space is one of these. Given the potential size of such an endeavour, it is particularly important to demonstrate its feasibility and convince energy sector representatives and critics via concrete demonstrator projects ...

2022, 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium

The long distances Microwave (MW) Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) concepts are followed by the presentation of high Altitude Platforms (HAPS) principles. Stratospheric HAPS operation requiring up to a few hundreds kW of electrical power is limited by long sun eclipses. The realization of terrestrial MW WPT systems feeding HAPS could be useful for their long duration operation and for the preliminary tests of more complex and power demanding Solar Power Satellites (SPS) systems. Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) and biological hazards issues will be discussed for selected frequencies and compared for terrestrial, HAPS and SPS long range MW WPT systems.

2022, 2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference

Space Solar Power (SSP) is broadly defined to be the collection of solar energy in space and its wireless transmission for use on earth. It has been observed that the implementation of such a system could offer energy security, environmental, and technological advantages to those who would undertake its development. Among recent implementations commonly proposed for SSP, the Modular Symmetrical Concentrator (MSC) concept has received considerable attention. It employs an array of modules for performing conversion of concentrated sunlight into microwaves for transmission to earth. While prototypes of such modules have been designed and developed previously by several groups, none have been subjected to the challenging conditions inherent to the space environment and possible solar concentration levels in which an array of modules would be required to operate. The research described herein details our team's efforts to resolve trade studies associated with the development of a "sandwich" module and its planned implementation and testing under realistic operating conditions.

2022, NanoTech 2002 - "At the Edge of Revolution"

A large, ultra lightweight space structure, such as solar sails and Gossamer spacecrafts, requires a distributed power source to alleviate wire networks, unlike the localized on-board power infrastructures typically found in most small spacecrafts. The concept of microwave-driven multifunctional capability for membrane structures is envisioned as the best option to alleviate the complexity associated with hard-wired control circuitry and on-board power infrastructures. A recterma array based on a patch configuration for high voltage output was developed to drive membrane actuators, sensors, probes, or other devices. Networked patch recterma array receives and converts microwave power into a DC power for an array of smart actuators. To use microwave power effectively, the concept of a power allocation and distribution (PAD) circuit is adopted for networking a recterma/actuator patch array. The use of patch rectermas adds a significant amount of rigidity to membrane flexibility and they are relatively heavy. A dipole recterma array (DRA) appears to be ideal for thin-film membrane structures, since DRA is flexible and light. Preliminary design and fabrication of PAD circuitry that consists of a few nodal elements were made for laboratory testing. The networked actuators were tested to correlate the network coupling effect, power allocation and distribution, and response time.

2022

The research described in this publication was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. © 2017 California Institute of Technology. U.S. Government sponsorship acknowledged. abstract. — The Goldstone Solar System Radar (GSSR) is one of the world’s great planetary radar facilities. The heart of the GSSR is its high-power transmitter, which radiates ~450 kW from DSS-14, the Deep Space Network’s 70-m antenna at Goldstone, by combining the output from two 250-kW klystrons. Klystrons are vacuum tube electron beam devices that are the key amplifying elements of most radio frequency telecommunications and radar transmitter systems. NASA’s Science Mission Directorate sponsored the development of a new design for a 250-kW power, 50-MHz bandwidth, reliable klystron, intended to replace the aging operational devices that were developed in the mid-1990s. The design, developed in part...

2022

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 2. REPORT TYPE 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 6. AUTHOR(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)

2022, Electronics

2022, Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics

2022, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

A basic design of an aperture illnmination of antennas Used for radio wave power transmission is presented. In the power transmission using microwave such as solar power satellite, not only the transmission efficiency, but also the transmitting power capacity allowed by the necessary electromagnetic environment is a very important factor for realization. this paper the circular antenna aperture illurnination is optimized in order to give the maximum transmission efficiency with the constraint on the radiation levels at the edge of the receivng aperture and at the radiation peaks of the subsequent sidelobes. This constrained optimization problem is solved by successive use of the sequential unconstrained minimization techniques (SUMT method). The maximum transmission efficieucy and receivable average power density are obtained for varions constrained levels of the spilled radiation, and are compared with the values in the nnconstrained case.

2022, International Journal of Computer Applications

2022, 2014 21st International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is an emerging technology that will enable to drive the next generation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) without the need of using batteries. In this paper, we present RF energy harvesting circuits specifically developed for GSM bands (900/1800) and a wearable dual-band antenna suitable for possible implementation within clothes for body worn applications. Besides, we address the development and experimental characterization of three different prototypes of a five-stage Dickson voltage multiplier (with match impedance circuit) responsible for harvesting the RF energy. Different printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication techniques to produce the prototypes result in different values of conversion efficiency. Therefore, we conclude that if the PCB fabrication is achieved by means of a rigorous control in the photo-positive method and chemical bath procedure applied to the PCB it allows for attaining better values for the conversion efficiency. All three prototypes (1, 2 and 3) can power supply the IRIS sensor node for RF received powers of-4 dBm,-6 dBm and-5 dBm, and conversion efficiencies of 20, 32 and 26%, respectively.