Mid-Infrared Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The presence of lard or its derivatives in any food products is a serious religious issue among Muslim and Judaism. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the use of gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID)... more

The presence of lard or its derivatives in any food products is a serious religious issue among Muslim and Judaism. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the use of gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) coupled with chemometrics techniques such as Principle Components Analysis (PCA) and K-mean cluster analysis to differentiate lard adulteration at very low concentrations in beef and chicken fats. The measurements w ere made from the pure lard, beef tallow, pure chicken fat; and beef tallow (BT), chicken fat (CF) adulterated with different concentrations of lard (0.5%-10% in BT and CF). The data were first scaled into standardisation before PCA is performed to each of the scaled data using Unscrambler software. The Scores plots and loadings plots of each scaled data were compared and studied. The results showed that lard contains higher fatty acid (FA) of C18: 2cis and low C16:0 FA, but oppositely for beef tallow and chicken fat. The amount of C4:0, C14:0, and C18:0 FAs are approximately similar for all fats. Others FAs are small in amount and nearly similar for both. Additionally, PCA was able to significantly identify lard, beef fat, chicken fat an d the mixtures of lard and beef tallow, lard and chicken fat, even at lower concentration level (0.5 % lard-99.5% beef tallow / chicken fat (w/w). K-mean cluster only able to classify the pure lard (LD), pure chicken fat (CF) and pure bee f tallow (BT).

The 3.3 micron PAH feature is undetected for the majority of the sample (97%), with typical upper limits of 5E-16 W/m^2. Compact 11.2 micron PAH emission is seen directly towards 1 out of the 53 Spitzer Short-High spectra, for a source... more

The 3.3 micron PAH feature is undetected for the majority of the sample (97%), with typical upper limits of 5E-16 W/m^2. Compact 11.2 micron PAH emission is seen directly towards 1 out of the 53 Spitzer Short-High spectra, for a source that is borderline embedded. For all 12 sources with both VLT and Spitzer spectra, no PAH features are detected in either. In total, PAH features are detected toward at most 1 out of 63 (candidate) embedded protostars (<~ 2%), even lower than observed for class II T Tauri stars with disks (11-14%). Assuming typical class I stellar and envelope parameters, the absence of PAHs emission is most likely explained by the absence of emitting carriers through a PAH abundance at least an order of magnitude lower than in molecular clouds but similar to that found in disks. Thus, most PAHs likely enter the protoplanetary disks frozen out in icy layers on dust grains and/or in coagulated form.

The modern poultry industry is not satisfied with the traditional system of the handling and processing of eggs which is based on candling and visual inspection of the eggs. Currently, the operator of the conveyer does not have the... more

The modern poultry industry is not satisfied with the traditional system of the handling and processing of eggs which is based on candling and visual inspection of the eggs. Currently, the operator of the conveyer does not have the opportunity to inspect 120 000 eggs per hour and to estimate the freshness, weight, bacterial infection, presence of technical spoilage, eggshell

Recent advances in the development of sensors based on infrared diode and quantum cascade lasers for the detection of trace gas species is reported. Several examples of applications in environmental and industrial process monitoring as... more

Recent advances in the development of sensors based on infrared diode and quantum cascade lasers for the detection of trace gas species is reported. Several examples of applications in environmental and industrial process monitoring as well as in medical diagnostics using quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy and laser absorption spectroscopy will be described. Keywords: Trace gas detection, near infrared diode lasers, mid infrared quantum and interband cascade lasers, quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy, laser absorption spectroscopy.

NOx and HOx production in the upper atmosphere caused by geomagnetic phenomena such as EPP (Energetic particles precipitation), under the appropriate meteorological conditions may descent within the polar vortex. Such phenomenon can... more

NOx and HOx production in the upper atmosphere caused by geomagnetic phenomena such as EPP (Energetic particles precipitation), under the appropriate meteorological conditions may descent within the polar vortex. Such phenomenon can modify substantially the NOy budget of upper stratosphere and participate in catalytic processes controlling ozone of polar regions. However, the inclusion in existing stratospheric models of ionic or

In this paper, a multi-technique in-situ non-invasive approach has been followed for the study of the materials used for a painting by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, “A woman at her toilette”. The study was carried out using five portable... more

In this paper, a multi-technique in-situ non-invasive approach has been followed for the study of the materials used for a painting by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, “A woman at her toilette”. The study was carried out using five portable spectroscopic techniques, namely X-ray fluorescence, mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy in absorption and emission. The painting was selected as a case study because it was examined in advance of the current investigation using conventional micro-sampling techniques. This provided the opportunity to evaluate potential and limitations of the non-invasive approach to the complex case of the modern painting.

ABSTRACT Using an FTIR-based photo-modulated transmission spectroscopic technique a red-shift in bandgap has been observed at room temperature for an InSb1-xNx ternary alloy, relative to binary InSb, and determined to be approximately... more

ABSTRACT Using an FTIR-based photo-modulated transmission spectroscopic technique a red-shift in bandgap has been observed at room temperature for an InSb1-xNx ternary alloy, relative to binary InSb, and determined to be approximately around 16meV (10%), corresponding to an incorporated nitrogen concentration of 0.1%.

Cotton always has trash associated with its fibers, which is known to affect processing effi- ciency. Rotor spinning is more sensitive to trash levels in cotton compared with ring spinning, the other major spinning system. Trash trapped... more

Cotton always has trash associated with its fibers, which is known to affect processing effi- ciency. Rotor spinning is more sensitive to trash levels in cotton compared with ring spinning, the other major spinning system. Trash trapped in the rotor grove is typically pulverized cotton fiber and trash particles whose origins cannot be visu- ally determined (e.g. leaf, fiber, bark, seed coat, etc.). New techniques or instruments are neces- sary to reliably provide rapid, consistent, and quantitative identification of cotton trash sources. The goal of this research was to identify the ori- gins and to understand the impact of each type of pulverized substance on textile processing. Re- search has been done with infrared microscopy in order to confirm the utility of infrared mapping of cotton biological components. The mid-infrared region is between the wave numbers 4000 and 650 cm -1 and can be evaluated with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) as a qualitative and quantitative analyti...