Military culture Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Nuova Antologia Militare (NAM), Fascicolo 23, Anno VI

In 1426, a faction of the Brescian nobility planned a conspiracy that eventually resulted in the city becoming part of the regional state of Venice. Within the newly formed geopolitical organisation that followed, the Martinengo family, one of the most influential noble houses of Brescia, gained numerous opportunities to both consolidate its status as feudal lordship, and get integrated into the military apparatus of the Serenissima by taking on prominent roles. The article touches on the relationship between the Martinengo family and the Republic of Venice between 1426 and 1631 and, most importantly, it highlights how the family contributed to the Venetian military both theoretically and practically.

2025

With the 'fall' of Tripoli towards the end of August 2011, it has become increasingly apparent that the intelligence co-operation witnessed in Libya during the NATO campaign performed an increasingly important role in realizing operational and strategic 'successes'. These recent intelligence developments can be opened up for some further analysis, forming the main focus of this article. Ultimately, this article concludes that, over time and albeit while gradual, we have seen what can be regarded as 'a step forward' in co-operative intelligence activities in Libya. Although several pressing difficulties have been present, and have had various impacts at different junctures of interactivity, the 'problems' encountered have not completely overwhelmed either operationally or strategically all of the diverse participants involved in Libya.

2025, Aeon

It was once predicted that religion was destined to die out across the globe, with traditional commitments to the supernatural being inevitably replaced by a secular, scientific worldview. Recent years, however, have seen a signficant... more

2025, Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais

Correntes ideológicas e contextos de época O presente artigo analisa a evolução das relações entre os corpos militares e o poder político em Portugal, desde os tempos oitocentistas da monarquia liberal e ao longo do século xx. Em particular, são interpretados os impactos ocorridos na cultura militar com a difusão das ideologias constitucionalistas, republicanas, nacionalistas e socialistas, e as orientações normativas que guiaram as atitudes e a acção das elites militares no campo político, em face da sua experiência profissional de guerra (campanhas de ocupação africana, primeira guerra mundial e guerra colonial de 1961-74), dos comportamentos observados das classes populares mobilizadas para tais missões, em confronto com as orientações adoptadas pelos sucessivos governos e regimes políticos. Uma contextualização internacional é também efectuada, quer no que respeita às dominâncias ideológicas, quer aos quadros de interesses estratégicos estabelecidos.

2025, RCCS Annual Review

This article analyses the evolving relations between the military and political power in Portugal, from the time of the 19 th century liberal monarchy until the end of the 20 th century. In particular, it offers an interpretation of the impact of the diffusion of constitutionalist, republican, nationalist and socialist ideologies on military culture, and the norms guiding the attitudes and actions of military elites within the political arena. It takes into account their professional experience of war (the African campaigns, the First World War and the colonial war of 1961-74) and the observed behaviour of the working classes recruited for these missions, in the context of the policies adopted by successive governments and political regimes. The international context is also considered, both with regard to dominant ideologies and established strategic interests.

2025

Służba żołnierzy i funkcjonariuszy służb państwowych wykonujących zadania w warunkach ekstremalnych, tom 8, Warszawa: Departament Wychowania i Promocji Obronności MON, Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Kultury Fizycznej w Wojsku. Streszczenie: Żołnierze pełniący służbę w misjach pokojowych i wojennych spotykają się ze szczególnym ryzykiem zawodowym. Ich praca wpływa na ich funkcjonowanie małżeńskie i rodzinne. W artykule podjęto problem funkcjonowania rodzin -żon i dzieci -żołnierzy pełniących służbę poza granicami kraju. W wielu pracach żołnierz traktowany jest jak osoba wyizolowana społecznie, a zainteresowanie badaczy ogniskuje się na jego zdrowiu psychofizycznym. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury przedstawiono specyfikę stresu i kosztów emocjonalnych, zdrowotnych i społecznych ponoszone przez rodziny wojskowe w trakcie trwania operacji i po jej zakończeniu. Zaprezentowano formy pomocy psychologicznej skierowanej do rodzin.

2025, The Routledge Handbook of Soviet and Russian Military Studies

This concluding essay for the Routledge Handbook of Soviet and Russian Military Studies seeks to use much of the historical and more contemporary analysis in this handbook as context to assess whether we can reasonably write about ‘a Russian way of war’ as figuring in the ‘Special Military Operation’ in Ukraine. It identifies a number of tendencies in Russian warfighting with deep historical roots, including some relating to the adoption and use of technology. It also notes the tendency, linked with the wider cultural notion of ‘avos’’, in the way wars have been conducted by Russian forces in their early phases, where attempts to ‘rush’ objectives can be seen in the context of a desire to utilise surprise and maintain the initiative – often in the face of uncompromising orders from above. Such an approach does not, of course, always bring success, and in the face of initial failures, a period of consolidation frequently follows that sees a combination of centralisation of higher-level assets such as artillery, and a decentralisation at the tactical level in order to better exploit emerging opportunities on the ground. In tandem, these two elements are often used as part of an attritional strategy against a numerically weaker but tactically competent enemy. In recent Russian history, these elements can be seen both in the Chechen Wars and war in Ukraine – but have roots going back to the Great Patriotic War. I hope this conclusion inspires you to want to read the whole handbook! :)

Володарець-Урбанович, Я., Скиба, А. 2024. Скарби антів. В: Петраускас, О., Абашина, Н., Горбаненко, С. (ред.). Відділу археології ранніх слов’ян — 50! Факти, люди, дослідження. Київ: ІА НАН України, с. 176-185.

2025

Ярослав володАРець-УРбАНович, Андрій скибА У нікальним явищем раннього середньовіччя стала поява у слов'ян Середнього Подніпров'я та Дніпровського Лівобережжя скарбів, що отримали в літературі назву «старожитності антів». Інша назва «Мартинівські», за назвою одного із найбільших та найвідоміших, який був виявлений близько 1907 р. поблизу села Мартинівки Черкаського повіту Київської губернії (нині -Черкаський район Черкаської області). Хоча перший скарб цього кола знайдений ще в 1863 р. поблизу слободи Нижня Сироватка Сумського повіту Харківської губернії (нині -Сумський район Сумської області). Пізніше виявили ще низку комплексів. Крім скарбів, відома й велика кількість окремих знахідок. Ці прикраси характерні для частини ареалів пеньківської та колочинської культур, однак не охоплюють повністю ареал жодної з них. Сьогодні ці комплекси поділяються на дві хронологічні групи -власне Мартинівську та скарби Пастирського кола. Останні отримали свою назву від відомого Пастирського городища, де були виявлені скарби, прикраси у яких дещо відрізняються від Мартинівських, але складають пізнішу групу, безперечно пов'язану із першою. Прикраси та деталі вбрання у цих старожитностях представлені очіллями, шийними гривнями, фі-Знахідки із Мартинівського скарбу

2024

This report examines thirty years of military cooperation between Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Baltic military cooperation played a significant role in preparing the Baltic States for NATO. However, it would not have been successful without the support of many Western partners. These partners are now NATO Allies and the relationships with them have changed. This report highlights upcoming challenges and suggests a path forward for Baltic cooperation in the new and evolving security environment.
Keywords: Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, BALTBAT, BALTRON, BALTNET, BALTDEFCOL, NATO

2024, CMR in Turkey

Under the scope of the EU, militaries are distinct from civilian power, but they are indisputably subordinated to civilians, as well as completely depoliticized. Because Turkey’s CMR practices do not conform to this outlook, many believe... more

2024

in the Oxford Handbook of Ritual Language, ed. David Tavárez

2024

La hipótesis de partida de esta ponencia es que la transición militar forma parte de las transiciones sectoriales largas, como lo fueron también la transición económica (1973-1985), la sindical (1975-1988), la exterior (1975-1988), etc. 1 En este sentido, la transición militar tiene su propio tiempo: uno que se inicia en 1975, o incluso un año después, y que finaliza hacia 1989, coincidiendo en gran medida con el término de la transición exterior, que lógicamente estaban unidas por la política de seguridad. Dichos límites cronológicos coinciden casi milimétricamente con los fijados por otros dos autores: Raquel Barrios Ramos, en su obra El proceso de transición democrática de las Fuerzas Armadas españolas 1975/1989, y el mismísimo Narcís Serra, en su trabajo La transición militar que no por casualidad concluye de facto en 1989. 2 No obstante, hay expertos que siguen identificando el tiempo de la transición militar con el de la transición democrática entendida en su sentido canónico. Entre ellos cabría citar a Ángel Luis Linares Seiru-lo, en su tesis doctoral La política de seguridad en la transición española, 1976-1982, y en especial Fernando Puell de la Villa en su ensayo La transición militar. 3 No es la primera vez que el autor de estas líneas aborda este tema de una forma total o parcial. Así, entre los antecedentes de este estudio podríamos mencionar los siguientes: "La política de defensa durante la transición y consolidación democráticas (1976-1986)"; 4 "¿El fin del problema militar? Las Fuerzas Armadas y la sociedad en la España actual (1975-1996)"; 5 "'No más golpes de La transición militar durante los Gobiernos de Arias, Suárez y Calvo Sotelo (1975-1982) Los sectores militares y la conflictividad entre civiles y militares Una de las primeras preguntas que hemos de plantearnos antes de proseguir es la siguiente: ¿cuáles eran los sectores que integraban los Ejércitos durante la transición militar entendida en su sentido convencional (1975-1982)? Como veremos a continuación, esta cuestión no tiene una sola respuesta. Con arreglo a Alberto Oliart, ex ministro de Defensa durante el Gobierno de Calvo Sotelo, el general De Santiago lideraba una de las tendencias existentes en las Fuerzas Armadas posfranquistas frente a la que se alzaba el grupo encabezado por los generales Díez-Alegría y Gutiérrez Mellado. La primera era partidaria de que las Fuerzas Armadas dependieran directamente del rey, de que fueran un poder autónomo respecto al civil y de que fueran las garantes del nuevo régimen y en cierta forma las que lo determinaran. Por el contrario, la segunda tendencia defendía la profesionalización de las Fuerzas Armadas, su apartamiento total de la política y su subordinación al Gobierno legítimo del Estado. 15

2024, Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies

This article is based on a rare longitudinal interview study on the transition from military to civilian life in which participants shared their experiences over the course of ten years. The challenges of transition included disconnection from a collective life that had previously offered service members identity, community, camaraderie and purpose – experiences that can be understood as the partial loss of something profound. An abductive analysis was conducted which centred on the integrating foci
of commitment and the creation of a military identity derived from implicit religion. When viewed through this lens, the significance or strength of implicit religion and belief, in the context of military commitment, can be described as paramount and sacred – worthy of dying for. The findings offer a novel understanding of the profound experiences related to military communal life, purpose, and identity during active service (that is, the conceptualization as implicit religion) as well as the loss of these implicit religious elements during the transition out of military life, and how the participants have thought about and dealt with this loss in various ways.

2024

espanolEste articulo propone un estudio de las tradiciones en arquitectura defensiva que concurrieron en los proyectos disenados por ingenieros militares espanoles para la fortificacion de la frontera valenciana en 1648 y 1649, en el contexto de la Guerra de Cataluna (1640- 1652). Para ello es imprescindible seguir el recorrido de las adaptaciones valencianas a la revolucion militar en materia de fortificaciones a lo largo del siglo xVI y compararlas con las que trajo a Valencia en 1641 el marques de Leganes y sus ingenieros de la escuela de Milan. EnglishThis article proposes a study of the traditions in defensive architecture that concurred in the projects designed by Spanish military engineers for the fortification of the Valencian frontier in 1648 and 1649, in the context of the War of Catalonia (1640-1652). For this it is essential to follow the route of the Valencian adaptations to the military revolution in the matter of fortifications throughout the sixteenth century and com...

2024, Multinational Military Operations: Organisational & Cultural Problems and Prospects

Latest since 11th of September 2001 people all over this world have realised the extent of international military actions such as the international alliance against terror. Actually, since the end of the Cold War, the scope and scale of military deployments where forces of different nations cooperate have increased. This thesis analyses organisational and cultural matters that impact effectiveness in multinational military operations. For this purpose, the thesis elevates concepts from available literature in the subject areas of culture, of military organisation cultures, and of multinational military operations. Subsequently, insights gained from in-depth interviews with experts in the field are being
highlighted. Finally, a quantitative survey exposes cultural differences between a Dutch and a German sample of officers from the land forces. The findings of this survey support the previous results.

2024

As academics, what can we do to influence the future of humanities, education and creative industries? One way is to empower and equip our brightest students to value their own imaginative potential and take greater responsibility for their own outcomes. Demystifying the Thesis (DTT) is a strategic framework that provides research students with the knowledge and skills to take charge of their own researcher development. Students from more than a third of all Australian universities have taken part in DDT programs—and customised versions of the programs have been run for students and staff from more than thirty universities in Latin America, Oman, Indonesia, Thailand, Hong Kong, Nepal, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and East Timor. Evaluation and feedback has been overwhelmingly positive, and confirms the profound impact DTT is having on researcher development, supervisory practice and institutional capacity-building. In recognition of its contribution, in 2004 DDT was awarded the Victoria U...

2024, National culture, Organizational culture and the issue of values. "Is and Ought"

Blog by Huib Wursten and Fernando Lanzer When it comes to culture, a common distinction is made between Values and Practices. Values are typically associated with national culture, while practices are more closely linked to organizational... more

2024

This scoping review focuses on student veterans' transition and reintegration into education and presents key themes in international student veteran research. Grounded in a literature search in ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science, our scoping review includes 137 articles across research disciplines. It covers publications from the last 15 years, with a transnational focus. Analysis of these articles resulted in two key themes: (1) Transition challenges of student veterans, including differences in military and academic learning, mental health challenges in class and on campus, and social interaction with non-veteran students and faculty. (2) Support efforts for student veterans, including becoming a veteranfriendly campus, academic support, mental health support, and social support. In addition to discussing these key themes across articles, we map prevalent conceptual frameworks, and discuss commonly used definitions of student veterans, veteran demographics, as well as descriptions of military education culture and academic education culture that we found in the literature. The subsequent discussion highlights that the academic success of student veterans often focuses on metrics, which highlights the qualification function of education, while disregarding the socialisation of veterans in education and their development of relative autonomy.

2024, The Space Review

On September 22, 2024, a strange rupture in the normal activities of the International Space Station (ISS) and its constantly changing crew came to an official close with a traditional “change of command ceremony.” (Dinner 2024) The circumstances leading to this ceremony, however, were anything but traditional. The Expedition 71 crew had arrived on April 6, 2024, and Oleg Kononenko took his place as the ISS commander. Exactly two months later, on June 6, 2024, the Boeing Crew Flight Test (CFT) brought veteran astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore to the ISS for what was supposed to be an eight-day mission. When certain issues with the Starliner capsule “Calypso” became apparent, NASA, after some deliberation, decided to send the spacecraft back to Earth without its passengers. This left Williams and Wilmore as unexpected, un-planned-for crew, both part of and apart from, Expedition 71.

2024, Armed Forces & Society

We build on prior research examining military involvement and criminal involvement by investigating the importance of acquiring the more complete “respectability package” that includes marriage as well as military experience and variations among White and Black respondents. Using data from Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 5,801), analyses use logistic regression models to assess associations of military service, marriage, and race with odds of reoffending among White and Black young adults who reported offending at Wave I. Military involvement was associated with lower odds of offending for Black respondents only, while marriage was associated with decreased odds of reoffending across both groups. Among Black respondents, analyses also highlighted the importance of acquiring both components of the respectability package (military service and marriage) in the context of today’s all-volunteer force in reducing criminal in...

2024

On November 15th–17th 2017 the Norwegian Defence University College (NDUC) will host the #ISMS17 conference in Oslo on behalf of the International Society of Military Sciences (ISMS).This #ISMS17 Book of Abstracts is to serve as an introduction to all of the abstracts submitted and presented at the conference. The publication is organized according to the ISMS thematic Working Group structure which provides an overview of sub-disciplinary efforts of addressing issues of relevance within the field of Military Sciences. All abstracts contain institutional affiliation and contact information to the presenter. Therefore we believe that the #ISMS17 Book of Abstracts will be useful also as a tool for potential collaboration between the ISMS institutions with its research fellowship and among the wider ISMS community.

2024, Myth-criticism and myth-analysis of Warrior Education in literary works: from “The Iliad” to “The Bridge over the River Kwai”

Baseando-se nos aportes teóricos dos Estudos do Imaginário, da antropologia dos militares, da História da Educação Militar e da crítica literária, o livro realiza a mitocrítica da educação militar a partir dos arquétipos, mitemas e mitologemas de um conjunto de obras da literatura ocidental permeadas pela temática da guerra: Ilíada, de Homero; o poema medieval, anônimo, Guilherme Marechal, o melhor cavaleiro do mundo, escrito no século XIII; Os Lusíadas, de Luís de Camões; O Deserto dos Tártaros, de Dino Buzzati; Tempestade de aço, de Ernst Jünger; Memórias de um Sargento de Infantaria, de Siegfried Sasson; A ponte do rio Kwai, de Pierre Boulle.
Based on the theoretical contributions of Imaginary Studies, the anthropology of the military, the History of Military Education and literary criticism, the book performs the mythocriticism of military education based on archetypes, mythemes and mythologemes from a set of works of Western literature permeated by the theme of war: Iliad, by Homer; the anonymous medieval poem Guilherme Marechal, the best knight in the world, written in the 13th century; The Lusíadas, by Luís de Camões; The Desert of the Tartars, by Dino Buzzati; Steel Storm, by Ernst Jünger; Memoirs of an Infantry Sergeant, by Siegfried Sasson; The Bridge on the River Kwai, by Pierre Boulle.

2024, The Forge: Warrior Education - a study on the training model of the Brazilian Armed Forces

Baseando-se nos aportes teóricos dos Estudos do Imaginário, da antropologia dos militares, da História da Educação Militar e da crítica literária, o livro analisa o modelo de formação das Forças Armadas brasileiras. Realiza a mitanálise... more

2024, CEPS Journal

The paper presents research conducted among Croatian primary school classroom teachers and subject teachers regarding their personal and professional beliefs about diversity. The notion of diversity in the context of education was presented as individual differences between students based on race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, abilities, sexual orientation and social class. The results indicate that teachers show different levels of openness towards certain aspects of diversity in the domains of both personal and professional beliefs, but that their personal beliefs are statistically more positive than their professional beliefs. Differences in teachers' beliefs with respect to years of work experience, previous education and professional position were also examined. Statistically significant differences were established only regarding professional position and only in the segment of professional beliefs. The results indicate that there is a need for further research in this area, that is, research that primarily investigates the factors that influence teachers' professional beliefs.

2024, TOJET : The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology

This research paper’s focus is to portray and analyse different ways of how participants of the educational system in the Republic of Croatia have reacted to the pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 Pupils’ right to education, as one of their basic rights, was enabled by the Government of the Republic of Croatia’s decision to organise distance learning The part of the system which encountered most challenges during transitioning to online education was in classes first to fourth due to the pupils, because of chronological age and digital and computer literacy level, requiring parents' assistance in order to successfully accomplish educational outcomes The involvement of parents, who because of child's impossibility to independently carry out duties, have taken on a role of a substitute teacher overnight which consequentially resulted in their overload The key element in distance learning is independence of pupils which is questionable in the chosen segment of the educatio...

2024, Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social

En la década de 1970, los habitantes de las Casas de Estudiantes de Provincia participaron en distintas luchas populares, lo que generó un ambiente de confrontación con las autoridades y contra los compañeros que no se sumaron a las protestas. Así, se libró un duelo discursivo en el que gobierno y estudiantes desacreditaron sistemáticamente a la otredad. Los conceptos que aquí se proponen invitan a reflexionar sobre la autenticidad de su enemistad tanto en el discurso como en la acción, para cuestionar si, en contra de la visión romántica de los movimientos estudiantiles, ser joven y no ser revolucionario, más que "una contradicción hasta biológica", era una alternativa sociopolítica.

2024, Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

It has been more than 30 years since the first sexual assault in the US military scandal; thousands of sexual assault survivors as well as numerous legislative regulations have not been able to address effectively the situation. In 2022, the Military Justice Improvement and Increasing Prevention Act (MJIIPA) finally passed. The article addresses what changed to allow the passage of this legislation and if it will be enough to fix the problem. The research questions are: What changed during Congressional Oversight to achieve the passage of MJIIPA? Media, Public Opinion and Interest Groups (IG) have played what role to achieve the changes in Congress? By making the changes to the COC what is to be expected? Will it be enough to address the issue? This article uses the case study method. The results of this examination demonstrate that neither media, public opinion nor interest groups provided the influence expected. It was elite cues and those committed to reforming the system as a continuous process, not an ad hoc procedure that pushed forward the reforms.

2024, CASVA. CASTILLOS VALENCIANOS

Revista digital, trimestral y gratuita. Realizada por el autor con fines recopilatorios, reflexivos y divulgativos sobre el tema de las FORTIFICACIONES (oppidum ibéricos, castillos musulmanes y cristianos, baluartes artillados y trincheras de la guerra civil de 1936-39) de las provincias de Castellón, Valencia y Alicante (Comunidad Valenciana, España).

2024, International Centre for Defence and Security

For several centuries, conscription service has been intertwined with national sovereignty and statehood. The French Revolution had introduced the ‘mass army’ concept, superior to chivalry and territorial defence and
protection of sovereignty became a cross-class obligation for all citizens – not a duty for the selected few.1 Conscripted armies have long served as a ‘melting pot’ for multi-ethnic and multi-faith societies on their way towards a nation-state.

2024, MONARQUÍAS EN CONFLICTO LINAJES Y NOBLEZAS EN LA ARTICULACIÓN DE LA MONARQUÍA HISPÁNICA

This study offers an analysis of the state of the defenses in northern Valencia at the time the War of Catalonia broke out (1640). Special emphasis is placed on projects for the construction of a fortress in Traiguera and Vinaròs.

2024, Estudis. Revista de Historia Moderna

This article proposes a study of the traditions in defensive architecture that concurred in the projects designed by Spanish military engineers for the fortification of the Valencian frontier in 1648 and 1649, in the context of the War of Catalonia (1640-1652). For this it is essential to follow the route of the Valencian adaptations to the military revolution in the matter of fortifications throughout the sixteenth century and compare them with those brought to Valencia in 1641 by the Marquis of Leganes and his engineers from the school of Milan.

2024, Work (Reading, Mass.)

Military culture and workplace are areas of interest for researchers across disciplines. However, few publications on military culture exist. The purpose of this article is to introduce general concepts regarding the structure and culture of the United States Military and discuss how this creates challenges for reintegrating into the civilian world. Topics that will be covered in this article include an overview of the Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), socialization to military culture, the unique features of the military as a workplace, the cultural experiences of military personnel reintegrating back into the community, and the challenges faced by military members and their spouses. The provided information on military culture will expand military cultural competency so that civilian employers can enhance their ability to create supportive workplaces for veterans and military spouses during times of transition and reintegration. The unique charac...

2024

The United States Army War College educates and develops leaders for service at the strategic level while advancing knowledge in the global application of Landpower. The purpose of the United States Army War College is to produce graduates who are skilled critical thinkers and complex problem solvers. Concurrently, it is our duty to the U.S. Army to also act as a "think factory" for commanders and civilian leaders at the strategic level worldwide and routinely engage in discourse and debate concerning the role of ground forces in achieving national security objectives. The Strategic Studies Institute publishes national security and strategic research and analysis to influence policy debate and bridge the gap between military and academia. The Center for Strategic Leadership contributes to the education of world class senior leaders, develops expert knowledge, and provides solutions to strategic Army issues affecting the national security community. The Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute provides subject matter expertise, technical review, and writing expertise to agencies that develop stability operations concepts and doctrines. The School of Strategic Landpower develops strategic leaders by providing a strong foundation of wisdom grounded in mastery of the profession of arms, and by serving as a crucible for educating future leaders in the analysis, evaluation, and refinement of professional expertise in war, strategy, operations, national security, resource management, and responsible command. The U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center acquires, conserves, and exhibits historical materials for use to support the U.S. Army, educate an international audience, and honor Soldiers-past and present. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation.

2024

The purpose of this chapter is to focus on the military, cultural and ideological background to the emergence of Byzantine military treatises as well as to the copying, abbreviation and adaptation of ancient ones between the ninth and eleventh centuries. First I will examine military and cultural factors mainly within the Byzantine empire, and then I will focus on ideological reasons, taking into account the competing dynamics in the Abbasid caliphate and the West (i.e. the Papacy and the Carolingian and Ottonian worlds). Finally, I will explore whether these forces trigged a Byzantine response which facilitated the re-emergence of military literature in Byzantium. This attempt will hopefully provide a deeper understanding of the ‘golden age’ of military literature in Byzantium as well as raise new questions for future disciplinary and interdisciplinary inquiries.

2024, The Impact of the Secular Traditions on the Development of the Turkish Political System

We have tried to led some light on the remarkable extension of the Ottoman model, secularism in Turkey which separates religion and the state, as well as the political party (Republican regime) exercised firm control on the religious establishment and monopolizing Islamic activities and gathering its symbols within the institution of the bureaucratic state. Hence then we have discussed the Ottomans empire and how it had developed through their roots in Central Asia, the idea that the state will continue to maintain the so-called "Toro" or "Yasa", which is a set of laws placed directly by the Governor. The Sultans implementation of that principle required political power through the power of legislation. Mustafa Kamal, the founder of the independent turkey, was heavily influenced by the French Revolution and the French tradition of the religious institution (laisiti) is a specific type of active paid strongly secular state given the sweeping effect of the French Enlightenment philosophy and revolutionary ideals to the Kemalist "Turkey Fatta ", it is not surprising to note that one Turkish secularism have developed their own profiles are similar to the early stages of the French allisiti. We also gave some points of views towards the theoretical "strategic depth", which translated into a policy of zero problems, transferred from Turkey a country surrounded by enemies to the country surrounded by friends. The intermediary role highlighted the successes of Turkey. Turkey also known as soft power and its example simulations aim to resolve problems through dialogue, not force.

2024, Cavalry Warfare: From Ancient Times to Today

One of the main themes of the military history of the early modern age is the problem of continuity and discontinuity in the practice of war . However, the debates about the military function of cavalry have been more neglected, generally titling paragraphs «The Dusk of Cavalry» or similar concepts. New recent studies, particularly those highlighting global or long durée perspectives, have furnished more interesting and comprehensive visions . I share some of the main points, considering it important to focus on changes and continuity in the practice and theory of warfare, while also trying to avoid teleological and simplistic approaches that do not consider the variety of historical contexts. In this chapter, I therefore want to widen the debate by analyzing the Italian contribution to the transformations of cavalry throughout the XVI and XVII centuries. I will recur in particular to the military treatises of the time, but also to some concrete cases of events to show how the actual practice of warfare reflected (and influenced back) the theory. To do so, I’ll adopt a type of reasoning task-based, which is very useful for thoroughly understanding the variety of functions cavalry, and horses more generally, had to perform in early modern armies.

2024, 9TH CROATIAN ICARUS DAYS: „HERITAGE BEYOND BORDERS: CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES AND NEW PERSPECTIVES“

Aesthetic education, as one of the fundamental areas of education, is realized through educational activities, i.e., education in classes, extracurricular activities, and out-of-school activities. Aesthetic education in music classes in general education schools takes place in the subjects of Musical culture and Musical art, i.e., in extracurricular musical activities. One should strive to observe, experience, value, and realize the beauty of class and extracurricular music making, that is, while listening to and getting to know music of different periods, styles, types, and genres. Every child has the potential to develop the ability to experience works of art because the development of an aesthetic sense is possible only in contact with high-quality works of art. The sense of beauty and harmony, i.e., aesthetics, is something that is not innate but acquired through learning. Aesthetic education means, at the same time, teaching how to appreciate cultural heritage and actively participate in its preservation.

2024, Der Diabetologe

Wie belastend erleben Angehörige den Diabetes? Deutsche Stichprobe der internationalen DAWN2™-Studie Diabetes mellitus ist eine chronische Erkrankung, die für das gesamte Familienleben bzw. das soziale Umfeld der Betroffenen Konsequenzen hat. In der DAWN2™-Studie wurden die Einstellungen, Belastungen und Bedürfnisse sowohl der Menschen mit Diabetes (MmD) als auch ihrer Angehörigen erfasst. Damit liegen erstmals für den deutschen Sprachraum Daten zur psychosozialen Belastung von Angehörigen vor, die denen der Patienten sehr ähnlich, in einigen Bereichen sogar stärker ausgeprägt sind. In der Studie wurde auch untersucht, wie die gegenseitige Unterstützung von MmD bzw. Angehörigen beurteilt wird.

2024, Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel

Hintergrund: Angehörige von Menschen mit Diabetes (FM) sind auf vielfältige Weise mitbetroffen. In der weltweit größten Studie zu psychosozialen Belastungen im Zusammenhang mit Diabetes (DAWN2 ™ Studie, n = 15.438 aus 17 Ländern) wurden erstmals auch die Auswirkungen des Diabetes auf das familiäre Umfeld systematisch untersucht. Es werden die Daten der deut schen Stichprobe präsentiert. Methoden: An der Studie nahmen 120 FM stratifiziert nach Insulinbehandlung teil. Die FM wurden nach Belastungen im Zusammenhang mit der Diabeteserkankung ihres Angehörigen befragt und beantworteten validierte Fragebögen (PAID 5, WHO-5) zu ihrem Wohlbefinden und diabetesbezogenen Belastungen. Ergebnisse: 37 % der Angehörigen von insulinbehandelten Menschen mit Diabetes (MmD) sowie 33 % der Angehörigen von nicht-insulinbehandelten MmD fühlten sich durch den Diabetes stark belastet (PAID), vor allem bezüglich des psychischen Wohlbefindens (38 % vs. 38 %), der Freizeitaktivitäten (34 % vs. 17 %) und der finanziellen Situation (22 % vs. 23 %). Ein deutlich reduziertes Wohlbefinden (WHO-5), welches das Vorliegen einer Depression wahrscheinlich macht, fand sich bei 13 % bzw. 12% der FM. Der Anteil der FM mit reduziertem Wohlbefinden war ähnlich hoch wie bei MmD und damit signifikant höher als bei Menschen ohne Diabetes. Die Sorge vor Unterzuckerungen (65 % vs. 60 %) und Gewichtszunahme (56% vs. 58 %) stellte die größte Belastung dar. 40 % der Angehörigen insulinbehandelter MmD und 33 % der Angehörigen nichtinsulinbehandelter MmD möchten ihre Unterstützung bei der Diabetesversorgung verstärken. FM werden von MmD als die wichtigste Quelle sozialer Unterstützung bei Diabetes angesehen. Diskussion: FM sind für die soziale Unterstützung von MmD sehr wichtig. Sie sind fast in einem ähnlichen Ausmaß wie MmD durch den Diabetes belastet.

2024, Археологія і давня історія України

The paper presents the buckle of early Byzantine time from Pisky village of Lubny district, Poltava region in the Middle Sula valley. It belongs to the type D 13 according to M. Schulze-Dorrlamm. A catalogue of such buckles which includes 10 locations with 11 finds has been collected. Such items are known at the burial grounds of Eski-Kermen, Luchyste, Simeiz and Suuk-Su in Crimea. One find was discovered in the Left Bank of the Dnipro — Pisky and in the Ciscaucasia — Diurso burial ground, burial 280. One find comes from the northern part of the Balkans, the area of Shumen. Two buckles of this circle come from Asia Minor. One was discovered in Anemurium from the Cilicia region. The other, from an unknown location, is kept in the collection of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum in Mainz, Germany. Also, two finds come from North Africa, probably from Carthage.
The author divided these buckles into two series according to the shield ornamentation system. Series 1 — plate with a cross, the rays of which are composed of rounded oval petals. Series 2 — plate with a cross, the rays of which have a sub triangular extension at the ends.
Most of them are concentrated in the south of Eastern Europe (Crimea, the Left Bank of the Dnieper and Ciscaucasia), in total of six points. Also, one location is in the Balkans, two — in Asia Minor, and one more — in North Africa.
Buckles of Schulze-Dorrlamm type D 13 date back to the 7 th century, possibly to the second quarter or second half of the 7 th century for south part of Eastern Europe.
The find from Pisky was discovered in the area of the Penkivka culture. This is one of the few finds of the Byzantine circle in the Dnieper Left Bank. Such finds could have reached the Slavs in different ways but they definitely testify to contacts with the Byzantine Empire.

2024

Elihu Root, several Supreme Court justices, and a host of foreign dignitaries. As Roosevelt entered the historic parade grounds, the flag was run up to the top of the flagstaff, and members of the Fourth Battery Light Artillery fired the traditional 21-gun salute. Simultaneously, more than 1,000 troops marched onto the field and saluted the commander in chief. The New York Times reporter covering the ceremonies captured the scene with one word: "momentous." Roosevelt, known for his "progressive" and at times bellicose positions, stated that the War College should be a matter of pride for every American, as the United States was on its path to becoming a first-rate world power. "It is not open to decide whether or not we shall play [a major role in the world]," he thundered. "All we have to decide is whether we play it well or xxii Strategic Leadership: The General's Art ill." 1 It is the War College, he continued, that would carry out the reforms and training to make the Army effective, efficient, and second to none. It is the mission of the War College, but especially the Department of Command, Leadership, and Management, to help military leaders (typically lieutenant colonels and colonels) and their civilian equivalents transition from mid-level (operational) leaders and managers into the strategic realms of senior leadership. These officers are at the crossroads of their careers-a place, General George C. Marshall said in 1938, where they would "no longer rap out orders and make snap decisions, [but rather become]. .. experts in a whole new set of skills." 2 Graduates of the War College include some of the most esteemed names in 20th century military history, including

2024, Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social

Este artículo plantea que la organización militar del régimen patriótico produjo diversas reacciones locales, que oscilaban entre el desacato y la protesta armada, lo que nos hace pensar que la base política del naciente Estado peruano emanó con debilidades. A través del accionar del cacique guerrillero Ignacio Quispe Ninavilca desentrañamos diversos escenarios de conflicto, acaecidos en Huarochirí durante la guerra independentista.

2024, Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies 29(2) (December 2023)

The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) have continuously struggled to address female inclusion and concerns surrounding inappropriate behaviour, sexual violence, and discrimination within its ranks. In recent years there have been different missions directed at understanding and responding to issues of sexual misconduct and toxic work culture within the CAF. Unfortunately, these programs have not adequately captured or mitigated these issues, and the current academic literature lacks lived experiences that could inform such policies and mitigations. As a corrective, this study sought to provide an account of lived experiences of these issues. This phenomenological case study utilized snowball sampling to recruit 55 female CAF veterans for one-on-one in-depth semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis followed three research questions that surrounded: 1) Leadership, 2) Segregation and Demeaning Treatment Towards Integration, and 3) Violence and Inappropriate Behaviour. This study should be of interest to Canadian and other national forces looking to enhance their understanding of the issues faced by female veterans.

2024, Civil War Book Review

Siege warfare must necessarily produce radically different experiences for those besieging a city and those trapped within its walls. Such distinctly dissimilar impressions from the siege of Vicksburg are recorded in two small diaries contained in the LSU Libraries Special Collections. The Aaron P. Record Diary (Mss. 4869), kept by a private of the 8 th Iowa Infantry Regiment, contains accounts of the quick-moving action of the wider Vicksburg campaign in vast strides from the first steamboat landing at Duckport, a trek down the west bank of the Mississippi River to the crossing at Grand Gulf, a mad dash to Jackson, to crisscrossing the road between Jackson and Vicksburg to force their capitulations. The Lewis Guion Diary (Mss. 826) conversely records the static, confined experiences of an officer of the 26 th Louisiana Infantry Regiment inside the besieged city with its harassing incoming cannon fire, diminishing rations, and rumors that never cease in both their frequency and absurdity.

2024

The publication reflects on one of the core aspects and indicators of societal resilience and national defence – why ordinary people are or are not willing to defend their own countries. Based on a review of conceptual considerations and statistical data, an international team of scientists have explored the situation in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and its implications to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.