Multi Level Inverters Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) enhances the efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems by ensuring optimal power extraction under varying conditions. MPPT is implemented in solar charge controllers or hybrid inverters connected to PV arrays. The current-voltage (IV) curve, influenced by temperature and irradiance fluctuations, becomes more complex under partial shading, causing multiple local maxima and reducing efficiency. This study proposes an MPPT technique using the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA), a novel metaheuristic inspired by Archimedes' principle. The AOA-based MPPT integrates a DC/DC buck converter controlled by an STM32 microcontroller to address challenges in complex shading conditions. Comparative analysis demonstrates the AOA's superiority in achieving high efficiency and fast convergence. The AOA-based MPPT achieved an average efficiency of 93.17% across shading scenarios, outperforming PSO (87.04%) and non-MPPT systems (84.56%). It also exhibited faster average tracking times of 90.5 ms compared to PSO's 100.5 ms, ensuring robust and reliable performance. These results confirm the effectiveness of the AOA-based method in maximizing energy harvesting in real-world PV applications.

2025, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)

High total harmonic distortion (THD) occurs when conventional circulating current suppression and modulation strategies fail to control arm circulating current in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) controlled by a virtual synchronous generator. This paper proposed a joint circulating current suppression technique that improves the proportional resonant controller's control mode and introduces the nearest level approach modulation (NLM) strategy for arm circulating current rectification. The MATLAB/Simulink program is used to conduct the simulations. The results show that: when the grid frequency does not fluctuate, the joint suppression strategy's arm current THD is 2.79%, 0.92% lower than the quasi-proportional resonant controller's (QPRC) THD; under primary frequency modulation, the suggested strategy's THD of the a-phase current is 1.75%, 1.03% lower than the QPRC's THD. Under typical operating conditions and with primary frequency management of the grid-type MMC, the results show that the proposed combined circulating current suppression technique may successfully lower total harmonic distortion (THD), eliminate bridge arm circulating current, and improve power quality.

2025, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)

This study explores the implementation of a five-level cascaded three-phase four-wire inverter as an active power filter to mitigate harmonics in power grids. Harmonic components in the load current are transformed and filtered to create a reference current, which serves as the foundation for designing the inverter's switching pattern. The predicted current, generated through circuit modeling, is compared with the reference current using the model predictive control (MPC) method. The accuracy of this approach is evaluated using a cost function that measures the difference between the predicted and reference currents. Simulation results reveal that the application of the hybrid power filter can effectively suppress harmonics, reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) to below 5%, thereby meeting power quality standards. Furthermore, it addresses load imbalances, ensuring that the phase currents at the source remain nearly equal. Additionally, the hybrid power filter significantly decreases the neutral current, reducing it to just one-tenth of its original value. While MPC has demonstrated its effectiveness in controlling power converters and multilevel inverters, its application to active power filters remains underexplored. This study investigates the potential of a four-legged multilevel inverter with MPC to enhance power quality by reducing harmonics in three-phase fourwire systems.

2025, Exercices Corrigés de physique-chimie 1AC

Chère (s) lectrice (s).. cher (s) lecteur(s)..
Rien que le progrès…Progressez-vous donc en physique-chimie!!!...Ayez du courage
pour ça !!!…
Cette deuxième édition de votre Univers plus, encore plus raffinée que la précédente,
certes chargée de contenus informatifs et didactiques nécessaires en matière
des sciences physiques à la première année de l’enseignement secondaire collégial,
mais elle est à même de vous fournir un outil méthodologique précieux qui vous permettra
de savoir comment analyser des problèmes en physique-chimie de manière
simple mais efficace, et surtout, en se faisant, savoir s’exprimer dans une langue
française claire et correcte.
Les exercices fournis, dont les solutions détaillées et bien présentées sont fournies
à la fin de chaque chapitre, sont organisés selon un degré de difficultés progressif,
allant du simple au complexe, et du général au particulier. Ils sont, en outre, sous-titrés,
en français et en arabe, par un titre significatif que vous devez fréquenter avant
de se lancer dans votre quête de solution.
Par ailleurs, à la fin de chacune des deux parties entreprises dans ce parascolaire,
vous trouverez un certain nombre d’épreuves d’évaluation qui ne sont pas loin du
contrôle continu par le biais duquel votre professeur des sciences physiques à l’habitude
de vous évaluer. Mais vous devez être en mesure d’utiliser cet outil à bon escient
afin d’en tirer profit en consolidant vous acquis et vos savoirs et connaissances. Des
corrigés détaillés pour ces épreuves sont proposés à la fin de l’ouvrage.
Pour vous permettre d’effectuer des éventuels va-et-vient entre votre programme
de physique-chimie français et ce même programme en langue arabe, des phénomènes
de traduction vous seront inculqués à deux niveaux :
1 - Les termes scientifiques français difficiles seront rendus en arabe dans le
contexte même de l’exercice ;
2 - Au début de chaque chapitre, un résumé de l’essentiel à retenir (en français
et en arabe) vous sera élaboré.
Ajoutons que les contenus de ce parascolaire sont conformes aux orientations
pédagogiques et aux programmes et instructions officielles adoptés par le Ministère de
l’Education Nationale au Royaume du Maroc.
Etant donné que c’est justement la méthodologie qui compte, ne vous lancez jamais,
et ne vous précipitez jamais, à voir, sans faire de véritables efforts, les solutions
des exercices. Ce n’est qu’au terme d’un travail bien structuré que vous avez droit à
comparer ce produit avec la solution proposée.
Chère(s) apprentie(s).. cher(s) apprenti(s)…
Exprimer des contenus scientifiques, oralement et par écrit, en une langue claire
et correcte, c’est l’objectif que je vous conseil fermement de se fixer en permanence
et durant toute votre carrière d’apprenant, maintenant en secondaire collégial, demain
en secondaire qualifiant, après demain à l’université... et le processus d’apprentissage
n’a pas de limite.. du berceau au tombeau!!
Bon Apprentissage ..Et Bon Courage.. Bien à Vous L’auteur

2025, International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)

A grid-connected solar water pumping system (SWPS) uses solar power to pump water while simultaneously drawing power from the grid when necessary. These systems can benefit farmers in a variety of ways, including reliable power, lower electric bills, increased income, and improved economic viability. This study explores a solar photovoltaic (SPV) water pumping system designed to function with a single-phase distribution network. It utilizes an induction motor drive (IMD) and incorporates an advanced power-sharing technique for optimal performance. In addition to transferring power from SPV to IMD, a DC-DC boost converter functions as a grid interface and power factor adjustment device. Maximizing the power extracted from the SPV array is critical for optimizing its utilization. To do this, a control mechanism based on incremental conductance is implemented to track maximum power points. Simultaneously, the IMD connected to the power source inverter is regulated using a simple volt/frequency approach. The suggested system, which includes standalone, grid-interfaced, and mixed-mode situations, is developed and validated in a lab.

2025

Ravi Naragani Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, HITAM, Hyderabad, India _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: This paper deals with study of three phases Nineteen Level inverter fed induction motor drive. The nineteen levels are realized by cascading Two HBridges. The poor quality of voltage and current of a conventional inverter fed induction machine is due to the presence of harmonics and hence there is significant level of energy losses. The Multilevel inverter is used to reduce the harmonics. The inverters with a large number of steps can generate high quality voltage waveforms. The higher levels can follow a voltage reference with accuracy and with the advantage that the generated voltage can be modulated in amplitude instead of pulse-width modulation. The CHB topology consists of several Hbridges and dc sources. This topology is implemented to three-ph...

2025, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)

DPFC is proposed in the present work to improve voltage stability of fourteen bus system during line interruption. The voltage across the load decreases due to the interruption of the line. State space method is used to calculate Line currents and bus voltages. The ability of DPFC to bring voltage, real power and reactive power to normal level is presented in this paper. The simulation results for healthy system, line interrupted system without DPFC and with DPFC are presented. The results of comparative study are presented to show the improvement in power quality. The simulation studies indicate that the power flow with DPFC during line outage is almost equal to the power during healthy condition.

2025, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

The transition to green energy is a critical global effort to mitigate climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, this shift has profound implications for agriculture, an energy-intensive sector vital for feeding a growing population. Fertilizer production, a cornerstone of modern agriculture, is particularly dependent on energy resources and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. Developing eco-friendly fertilizer solutions that align with green energy transitions is essential to achieving agricultural sustainability while reducing environmental impacts. This paper explores innovative approaches to advancing green energy transitions through the development and implementation of sustainable fertilizer technologies. It examines the role of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and biogas, in powering fertilizer production and minimizing its carbon footprint. Furthermore, advancements in bio-based fertilizers, green ammonia synthesis, and nutrient recovery systems are highlighted as pivotal to reducing energy consumption and improving soil health. The analysis also emphasizes the integration of precision agriculture technologies, which optimize fertilizer application, reduce waste, and enhance crop productivity. By considering global case studies, the study identifies scalable and region-specific strategies that promote resilience in agricultural systems, particularly in climate-vulnerable and resource-deficient regions. Collaborative efforts among policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers are essential to driving innovation and ensuring the widespread adoption of these eco-friendly solutions. Ultimately, the findings illustrate how sustainable fertilizer solutions can support agricultural productivity while contributing to the broader objectives of green energy transitions and environmental sustainability.

2025, DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)

İşletmeler günümüz rekabet ortamına ayak uydurabilmek için yönetim, üretim/hizmet süreçlerinin bütününde, müşteri memnuniyetinin ön planda tutulduğu iyileştirme çalışmalarında bulunmaktadır. Türkiye'de bu çalışmaların en etkili örnekleri inşaat sektöründe gerçekleştirilmektedir. Küresel inşaat sanayinde kendini ispatlamış birçok Türk firması mevcut kaynak yönetimini iyileştirme ve kontrol altına alma çalışmaları içerisindedir. İşletmeler bünyelerinde yan sanayi gereksinimlerini karşıladıkları birimler kurmaktadırlar. Bunun yanı sıra, işletmeler için süreç iyileştirme çalışmalarında bilimsel yöntemlere dayalı değerlendirmelerin önemi artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bir şirketler topluluğunun yan sanayi ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak amacı ile kurduğu kapı doğrama fabrikasında birim kapı imalat sürecinin modellenmesi için bir yaklaşım önerilmektedir. Bu yaklaşım üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır: i) Birim kapı imalatında problem kaynağının tespit edilerek veri tabanlarının oluşturulması, ii) Oluşturulan veri tabanları için üyelik değerlerinin hesaplanması, iii) Veri tabanlarının üyelikleri ile birlikte bulanık (regresyon) fonksiyonlar kullanılarak modellenmesi. Fabrikada problem birim kapı imalatının hedeflenenden daha uzun sürmesidir. Birinci aşamada, balıkkılçığı diyagramı ile problemin etkili nedenleri belirlenmektedir. Pareto analizi ile kapı imalatında harcanan süre bakımından etkili olan ana parçalar ve alt işlemleri seçilerek veri tabanları oluşturulmaktadır. İkinci aşamada, bu veri tabanlarının yapısı kaynaklı belirsizlikler için bulanık öbekleme ile üyelik değerleri hesaplanmaktadır. Üçüncü aşamada, veri tabanları ve üyelikleri bulanık (regresyon) fonksiyonları ile modellenmektedir. Önerilen yaklaşıma göre belirlenen kapı kanadı ve kasası veri tabanlarının bulanık öbeklenme yapıları, sırasıyla, %93,0 ve %94,0 doğruluk oranları ile oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, birim kapı imalat-süreleri için belirlenen bulanık fonksiyon performans sonuçlarının (kapı kanadı için R 2 =%73,8 ve HKOK=0,455; kapı kasası için R 2 =%72,8 ve HKOK=0,553) klasik regresyondan daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür.

2025, Devoir surveillé N°2, de Physique et chimie, 2024-2025, Professeur responsable : M. Karam OUHAROU

Devoir surveillé N°2, de Physique et chimie, 2024-2025, Professeur responsable : M. Karam OUHAROU

2025, Journal of Engineering and Applied Science

The greatest advantages of wireless power transfer (WPT) are its absence of severe environmental hazards, its portability, and its independence from other factors. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles has a serious problem with the amount of misalignment it can tolerate. This study explores the usage of a novel multi-level boost power factor correction (PFC) rectifier with less switch count to improve the efficiency of power conversion of a 5-kW wireless electric vehicle (EV) charger. Especially in the context of wireless charging, which provides convenience and flexibility, there is a pressing need for efficient and dependable charging infrastructure to keep up with the rising demand for electric vehicles. In contrast to wired EV chargers, wireless chargers often have poorer power conversion efficiency because of losses in power semiconductor devices. An innovative multi-level boost PFC rectifier design is offered as a solution to this problem since it uses fewer switches while retaining high-performance levels. The suggested rectifier achieves much higher power conversion efficiency. In addition, power factor correction capabilities are improved, making it comply with global rules. Simpler, cheaper, and more dependable rectifiers improve the whole system.

2025

Asingle-phase hybrid cascaded inverter is proposed. It is based on two kinds of power devices MOSFET and IGBT. The cascaded inverter consists of three H-bridges. The DC voltage of each H-bridge meets the proportional relationship of 1:2:4 and the three modules are connected in series at the AC side. This hybrid cascaded inverter can output at most 15 voltage levels at the AC side with rather low switching frequency. Voltage gradational modulation method is adopted. The proposed topology is compared with the seven level hybrid cascaded topology using carrier cascaded PWM. And THD is found to be less in proposed topology. MATLAB/SIMULINK platform are used to simulate the circuit operation and performance.

2025

This paper deals with the problem of interfacing a wind turbine generator with an electrical three phase grid in the presence of nonlinear loads. Wind systems are generally connected to the grid through an AC/DC inverter in the generator side, followed by a DC/AC converter in the grid side. In this work, the considered DC/AC converter is based on multilevel neutral point clamped topology, and will operates simultaneously as an interfacing system and as an active power filter. The control objective is threefold: (i) transferring the extracted active power from the wind turbine generator to the power grid; (ii) cancelling harmonic currents and reactive power absorbed by the nonlinear load; (iii) balancing capacitor voltages and regulating the DC link voltage. The first and second control aims will be achieved using the backstepping design technique. The third objective dealing with the DC link voltage regulator will be achieved with a sliding mode technical design. The performances of...

2025, Energies

The design and implementation of an asynchronous coilgun's structure is relatively simple compared with other types of linear induction launchers. In order to drive rotating electrical machines, multilevel converter structures have attracted much attention in recent decades as a result of their unique advantages. A linear induction launcher has an identical theoretical background to rotating electrical machines; therefore, multilevel converter structures can be applied to them as well. The stator of a launcher can be excited by generators or capacitor groups whose voltage and frequency might be fixed or changeable by a power conditioner. The aim of this study is to design and simulate a novel power conditioner as a multilevel converter topology for the power source of an asynchronous coilgun. Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel converter topology constitutes the proposed power conditioner in which a level-shifted pulse-width modulation method is used to generate appropriate pulses for the power switches of the converter. Additionally, variable-voltage variablefrequency control is involved in the converter's modulation.

2025, Electro-robot

La loi d'Ohm décrit la relation fondamentale entre la tension U, l'intensité I, et la résistance R dans un circuit électrique. Dans cette section, nous vous proposons une liste d'exercices pour mieux comprendre cette loi fondamentale de l'électricité et de l'électronique. Les corrections détaillées de ces exercices, accompagnées de toutes les explications, sont disponibles à la fin de cette page. Exercice 1 Un circuit électrique constitué d'une source d'un générateur de tension , d'une résistance tel que: Questions: 1. Calculez la valeur du courant qui circule dans la résistance.

2025, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

Today nearly every big company operates several data centers spread across the world. Each of these data centers hosts a variety of infrastructure services like MySQL, Redis, Hive, Message Queue etc. Now for any company it's very important to write the same code for all regions for scalability and following the DRY (Don't repeat yourself) aspect of system design. But the people who are designing and writing these codes are spread across multiple regions and due to that sometimes they are not aligned on every system configs. Sometimes even within the same region software engineers are not aligned properly on these system configs as to what system configs to keep for that region. Because of that, data center system configs start differing across multiple regions. Now it is very important to make sure these configurations are the same across all regions because it can lead to major critical issues in your team. In this paper, we will first introduce what the problem is, then we will talk about existing solutions and then we will talk about proposed solutions and how it tackles all the problems listed in the introduction section.

2025, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems

Active power filters are used to reduce current harmonics and compensate for reactive power in non-linear loads. This paper compares two approaches for estimating compensated current for a shunt active filter. The synchronousreference-frame theory d-q and sliding fast Fourier-Transform algorithms are compared in this study. The comparison is based on the outcomes of simulations. For different load conditions, the results achieved by the approaches mentioned differ greatly. The sliding discrete Fourier transform SDFT approach has revealed the optimum choice. Indeed, sliding discrete Fourier transform-phase-locked-loop or SDFT-PLL is a perfect method also for synchronizing the inverter with a weak noisy grid.

2025, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems

The major issue facing the electrical grid is the excessive use of non-linear loads, which pull distorted (non-sinusoidal) current from the grid. Considering this constraint, the objective is to remove any harmonic currents from the grid. The active filtering method has been selected, particularly focusing on the use of the shunt active filter, which provides numerous benefits. Therefore, in order to achieve effective harmonic compensation, a suitable and resilient control system is necessary for the shunt active filter. The system outlined in this study comprises a photovoltaic generator connected to the distribution electrical grid via a shunt active filter in order to simultaneously ensure the injection of renewable power generated by the photovoltaic generator into the grid and the improvement of the electrical energy quality. In this study, a model predictive current is introduced for shunt active power with fuzzy logic control to optimize the tracking of the maximum power point for the photovoltaic generator. The system was studied under various conditions, and the simulation was carried out using MATLAB/Simulink on the entire system.

2025, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

A multi-level inverter (MLI) plays a vital role in recent days with an increasing trend of usage of microgrid and distributed generator. MLIs are popular in high voltage and high-power applications. MLIs operates with dominant switching frequency pulse width-modulation (PWM) techniques. These MLIs not only generate the output voltage with fewer Harmonic but also reduces the dV/dt stress on switches. The induction machine connected to these MLIs, adds greater advantages in real time applications. This paper presents a novel 13 and 21-level hybrid H-bridge inverter (HHBI) connected to induction drive by using a photovoltaic module for microgrid applications using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) through a PV array. Hybrid H-bridge inverters combine elements from different inverter topologies to optimize appearance in terms of efficiency, harmonics and system complexity. The main aim is to reduce harmonics using high level of inverter and by controlling motor characteristics. Here a novel PWM control method is used for making the exchanging sequences for the corresponding switches. From the MATLAB results presented, it can be noticed that with the proposed methodology the THD is reduced to 4.66 and number of switches to 39, which reduces the complexity of the system. It also minimized the switching losses and increases efficiency.

2025, International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)

This research paper presents an effective transformer-less seven-level inverter with an optimized proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and buckboost controller for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed model aims to achieve optimum power quality (PQ) in a hybrid power system integrating battery and PV. This is accomplished by utilizing a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC-PQ) with active and reactive power is developed, utilizing a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm named the honey badger algorithm (HBA) along with the equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA), referred to as the honey badger equilibrium optimization (HBEO) algorithm. The PID controller in the proposed model is optimized using the HBEO algorithm, resulting in a highly efficient hybrid renewable energy system. By incorporating a 7-level multilevel inverter model with minimal switch usage (only 5 switches instead of 12), the proposed model ensures minimal switching losses. The proposed model is implemented and verified through the MATLAB/Simulink platform.

2025, International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)

Multi-level inverters (MLIs) have created a new revolution in high-power and medium-voltage applications in industry and research. In recent years, cascaded multi-level inverters have gained significant interest due to their ability to generate high-quality output waveforms with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD). This paper discusses the analysis and simulation of 7-level and 9-level cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverters using mathematical models and simulation tools. The proposed research puts emphasis on evaluating the performance and control strategies of these inverters. The control strategies, including pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, are discussed in depth, with a focus on their effect on output waveform quality and reduction of THD. The simulation results are compared to showcase the advantages offered by the cascaded multi-level inverters in terms of waveform quality. The findings demonstrate the superior performance and power quality advantages offered by these multilevel inverters compared to traditional two-level inverters. Additionally, a passive LC filter is designed and implemented along with a multi-level inverter configuration that helps to keep the THD within the limits specified by IEEE standards.

2025

Using closed loop controllers, this study examines the dynamic and steady state performance of a cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI). A dual loop cascaded controller is suitable for an MLI system to address a range of issues. It consists of two loops: an inner loop and an outer loop. Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are utilised as voltage controllers in the outer loop while proportional (P) controllers are used as current controllers in the inner loop. A current controller can reduce the time needed to reach steady state, or the transient/dynamic period, whereas a voltage controller can help achieve steady state voltage, or a constant output voltage. They use the same controller for both linear and nonlinear loads. The MATLAB/SIMULINK platform is used in this study to develop the closed loop CHB-MLI model, and the controller parameters integral gain (Ki) and proportional gain (Kp) are carefully selected. By varying these two parameters in both loops, the steady state and dynamic performance of a CHB-MLI for linear load may be determined. Stable state performance under non-linear load is investigated using the same controller and controller parameter settings as for linear load.

2025, TEST Engineering & Management

In the multilevel inverters, the complexity of the system will depend on number of switches and control schemes involved during the power conversion process. This article recommends a new three phase multi-level inverter topology with a minimum number of switches for PV system applications. This topology includes three level generating blocks and traditional two level three phase inverter. In each level generating block m-number of proposed basic units are connected in series to generate required number of voltage levels. But level generator will produce only unidirectional voltage levels. Then by connecting traditional three phase inverter we obtain bidirectional voltage levels. The proposed model is best in terms of reduction in power switches and control circuits than traditional topologies published in literature. Due to a smaller number of elements, the overall size of the system is small and installation cost will be less. Additionally, a major factor 'F P ' is introduced in this paper, where the factor 'F P ' deals with the switch count required for generating the pole voltage levels. A comparison is done in between present and existing topologies based on this factor. In this script proposed topology is explained for symmetrical algorithm (SA) and asymmetrical algorithms (AA). The output performance of this topology is verified in terms of voltage THD through Matlab/ Simulink model.

2024, Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Five-level voltage source inverter (VSI) is a power inverter topology
generating a five-level output voltage waveform. This inverter topology can
reduce harmonics distortion to be lower compared to a conventional twolevel inverter. In practical, delay of gating signals is unavoidable during
switching operation of power semiconductor switches. Adding dead time in
the gating signals of VSI’s power switches is mandatory to avoid short
circuit during switching operation. However, the dead time of the inverter’s
switching signals causes low frequency harmonics and distortion of
inverter’s output waveforms. In this paper, a different multicarrier sinusoidal
pulse-width modulation (SPWM) method with harmonics suppression
capability was proposed and applied in the three-phase open-connection load
five-level inverter. The proposed modified SPWM was tested using
computer simulation of Powersim (PSIM) software. The measured output
waveforms of the five-level VSI at different power factor conditions are
presented and analyzed. The total harmonics distortion (THD) values of
inverter’s output current were suppressed using the proposed SPWM method
to be less than 1%. The test results showed that the proposed modified
SPWM method was able to reduce the distortion (THD) of alternating
current (AC) waveform, and increase the quality of the inverter’s output
power.

2024, AGBIOL

In today's conditions, interest in solar energy systems, which is a sustainable clean energy technology, is increasing due to global climate change, negative effects caused by fossil fuels and economic problems. Among the research topics related to solar energy technologies, especially the photovoltaic energy production estimation, the creation of circuit components, system efficiency and control remain up-to-date. Forecasting its generation in solar energy applications plays a large role in planning and managing future electrical power generation. These predictions are used to ensure that solar power plants operate at optimum efficiency, energy demands, and stabilize energy prices. For this reason, it is aimed to estimate the weekly electrical energy production estimates of photovoltaic (PV) panels with the Support Vector Regression (SVR) Algorithm, one of the traditional machine learning algorithms. Linear, Radial, Polynomial and Sigmoid kernel functions were used to perform the predictions. Depending on these functions, the performance metrics Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and R-Square (R²) were calculated. In this study, it was determined that the kernel function with the best performance metrics of the Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm is the radial kernel function. Therefore, it is recommended to use the SVR algorithm with the radial kernel function for electrical energy production forecasting in the weekly period.

2024

Situation dans le système automatisé L'énergie pneumatique est distribuée à l'actionneur sur ordre de l'unité de traitement. Cette énergie pneumatique est transformée en énergie mécanique afin de mouvoir les effecteurs. DISTRIBUER... more

2024, IJE TRANSACTIONS

This paper proposes a novel multilevel capacitor switched inverter with the capability of self-voltage balancing and step-up features. In order to obtain a 13-level voltage staircase on the load, thirteen IGBT switches, three capacitors, and only one DC bus as the input voltage source have been used within the suggested topology. Thanks to not using a back-end H-bridge unit in the proposed topology, the voltage stress across the switches is low, and the total standing voltage (TSV) is restricted to 35Vdc. The achieved voltage gain of the introduced inverter is equal to six which makes it suitable for low boost factor converters such as photovoltaic systems. The proposed topology is comparable with other structures with respect to such features as maximum blocking voltage (MBV), cost function (CF), and number of devices being used. The most important advantage of the proposed 13-level inverter is that the CF indicator is lower than other traditional configurations. The capacitors are inherently balanced without any extra complex circuits under the Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (MCPWM) switching technique. To evaluate the suggested topology, multiple simulations as well as experiments have been carried out using MATLAB software and Arduino Due-based ARM cortex-M3 core, respectively, under different modulation indices and resistive-inductive load conditions.

2024

Due to the gig economy, remote work flexibility, and economic pressures, moonlighting the practice of working numerous jobs at once has grown in popularity. Workplace dynamics, employee satisfaction, and organizational performance have all been profoundly impacted by this trend. The study looks at the reasons, categories, and business reactions to moonlighting, emphasizing both its advantages and disadvantages. Diverse corporate tactics are demonstrated through case studies from sectors such as the gig economy and IT. While some businesses, like Swiggy and Tech Mahindra, take flexible ways that represent the balancing act between corporate management and employee autonomy, others, like Infosys and Wipro, impose stringent antimoonlighting measures to preserve efficiency and secrecy. The phenomenon is further complicated by ethical and legal issues. Particularly in India, labour regulations and employment contracts frequently clash with workers' goals for financial advancement, posing problems with resource mismanagement, conflicts of interest, and loyalty. Effectively addressing these issues requires transparent leadership and policy. According to the study's findings, moonlighting presents firms with both a difficulty and a chance to adjust to changing workforce demands. It identifies study topics and provides useful advice for developing laws that optimize the advantages of moonlighting while reducing its hazards.

2024

This paper presents an adaptive linear neuron (Adaline) algorithm designed to extract resonance current from the supply current directly. It aims to reduce the computation burden while upholding efficacy in the extraction process. The approach involves establishing the primary power system, evaluating harmonic and resonance current impacts, formulating efficient extraction strategies based on current waveform characteristics, employing the Adaline algorithm for extraction, and constructing a single-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) to address harmonic currents and parallel resonance effects. Comparative analysis demonstrates the Adaline algorithm's precision in extracting current amplitudes pre-and post-SAPF implementation. However, observed disparities in extracted resonance current amplitude may stem from the algorithm's limitations in capturing low-amplitude signals. While a gain adjustment effectively boosts amplitude. However, it introduces considerable ripple and inconsistency, likely linked to parallel resonance effects. Notably, the SAPF exhibits simultaneous harmonic compensation and resonance damping capabilities. Results affirm the SAPF's effectiveness in reducing harmonic components across all frequencies, including resonance frequency. Furthermore, resonance damping is crucial for further improving SAPF performance and reducing resonance current. This results in significantly improved waveform quality and reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) and individual harmonic distortion (THDi) values of compensated supply current.

2024, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)

This paper aims to present and analyze the fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) control technique of the DC-DC two-level boost converter. The state-space averaged (SSA) method is used to build a small-signal converter mathematical model, which is a crucial task for the control design. A FOPID controller based on the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm and an artificial intelligence strategy based on a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) are both designed for the voltage mode control (VMC) approach and operate on the continuous conduction mode (CCM). Various step changes in the input voltage amplitude and output load are applied to analyze the performance of the proposed control techniques. In addition, detailed simulation results using the MATLAB-Simulink system are extensively discussed.

2024, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)

This paper aims to explore synthesis methods of three-phase multi- level current waveforms by utilizing a configuration of n parallel operating three-phase, three-level current-fed inverters (CFIs). It points out an issue where differences in the DC-link current between inverters cause a distorted space vector diagram and decreased switching state redundancy, this leads to generation of low frequency harmonics in the output current and increased total harmonic distortion (THD). The research suggests a method that chooses the best switching state vectors by considering their closeness to a reference current space vector. This approach aims to decrease switching losses and low-frequency harmonic content. This method improves the quality of the waveform and the efficiency of the inverter by closely matching the switching operations with the intended current path. An analytical model is created to investigate how changes in DC-link current impact inverter performance. Simulations and actual tests confirm the ef-ficacy of the proposed strategy in enhancing total harmonic distortion (THD) and waveform accuracy. The results provide valuable information on improving multilevel inverter designs to enhance power quality and operational efficiency, indicating potential areas for further research in power electronics.

2024

Multilevel inverters have more advantages in comparison with the traditional two-level inverter, which consist of better harmonic performance, lower semiconductor voltage stress, low-electromagnetic interference and lower switching losses. For highvoltage applications, the CHB topology is very suitable since this structure needs few number of power electronic components than other classic topologies. The CHB topology consists of several Hbridges and dc sources. This topology is implemented to three-phase system. In the symmetric structure, the values of the dc voltage sources are same. However, in asymmetric topology the magnitudes of the dc voltage sources are unequal. Asymmetric CHB topology generates a large number of levels for the same number of components in comparison with symmetric topology for the same number of power electronic components. For asymmetric inverters, a new structure has been recommended in, which reduces the number of switches and dc voltage sources compared...

2024, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

This study investigates air pollution in the Bonny Industrial Area of the Niger Delta, Nigeria, a region heavily impacted by oil and gas industries. It aimed to evaluate wind speed and the concentration of inorganic compounds in the area. Using advanced tools like the Davis Wireless Weather Station and GrayWolf gas sensors, the research employed stratified random sampling to gather primary data. Analysis revealed moderate wind speeds from the southwest, directing pollutants towards residential areas. Significant pollutants included sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM0.25-PM10), with SO2 concentrations reaching 126 µg/m³, far exceeding the WHO and FMEnv limits. CO levels were also alarmingly high at 746.9 µg/m³. Relative humidity was notably elevated, peaking at 91.01%. The study underscores the urgent need for firm pollution control measures and recommends the continued use of natural gas by industries to reduce CO, PM10, and SOx emissions. It also calls for advanced emission reduction technologies, stricter regulations, and continuous air quality monitoring to ensure compliance with both national and international standards, ultimately safeguarding public health and the environment.

2024, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

This study investigated air quality around the Bonny Industrial Area in Nigeria's Niger Delta, one of the nation's most industrialized regions. Using advanced tools such as the Davis Wireless Station, GrayWolf probes, and Aeroqual meters, the research measured pollutants like noxious gases (SO₂, NOx, CO), particulate matter (PM0.25 - PM10), and other atmospheric parameters. The data revealed high concentrations of harmful substances, particularly SO₂, which peaked at 126 µg/m³, far exceeding the WHO and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) limits. Similarly, CO levels reached 746.9 µg/m³, well above permissible limits. Wind patterns showed moderate speed, with south-western winds carrying pollutants towards nearby settlements. Relative humidity was also high (91.01%), surpassing the recommended levels. The study suggests continued use of natural gas to reduce pollutants and calls for stricter pollution control measures, including adopting emission reduction technologies, stricter regulations, and continuous air quality monitoring to comply with both national and international standards.

2024, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

This study investigated air quality around the Bonny Industrial Area in Nigeria's Niger Delta, one of the nation's most industrialized regions. Using advanced tools such as the Davis Wireless Station, GrayWolf probes, and Aeroqual meters, the research measured pollutants like noxious gases (SO₂, NOx, CO), particulate matter (PM0.25-PM10), and other atmospheric parameters. The data revealed high concentrations of harmful substances, particularly SO₂, which peaked at 126 µg/m³, far exceeding the WHO and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) limits. Similarly, CO levels reached 746.9 µg/m³, well above permissible limits. Wind patterns showed moderate speed, with southwestern winds carrying pollutants towards nearby settlements. Relative humidity was also high (91.01%), surpassing the recommended levels. The study suggests continued use of natural gas to reduce pollutants and calls for stricter pollution control measures, including adopting emission reduction technologies, stricter regulations, and continuous air quality monitoring to comply with both national and international standards.

2024, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

Hyper-automation extends Robotic Process Automation (RPA) by integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence to optimize complex clinical workflows. This research investigates the use of hyper-automation in surgical planning, where AI models analyze medical imaging and patient history to assist in surgical decision-making. The system enhances surgical accuracy, reduces human errors, and accelerates planning processes, ultimately improving patient outcomes. This paper comprehensively analyzes hyper-automation, its healthcare applications, and the benefits of combining RPA with advanced machine learning for surgical interventions.

2024, European Journal of Electrical Engineering

Among the renewable energy sources, solar energy has been a big part interest sources in past few years. With the development of power electronics technology, the multi-level inverters are widely used for the production of electrical energy. There are several variants of these converters, the cascaded-H bridge multi-level inverter (CHB) is more advantageous compared to the other arrangements, since each H bridge inverter has an independent DC source. In this paper, a three-phase five-level CHB inverter feeding by a PV solar-Boost converter system using a discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) presented, improved the power quality by reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) at the outputs voltage and current and also reducing inverter switching losses. The main idea of this work, is that the DPWM technique is used, studied and analyzed in detail to control the multilevel inverters topologies, and it can have many advantages to the other PWM techniques like space vector modulation (SVPWM). The simulation was performed in the MATLAB/Simulink software using an induction machine like a load and the obtained results are presented and analyzed.

2024, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)

In the scope of this work, a new structure of the nine level inverter is proposed using a reduced number of power switches. This inverter is used as a shunt active power filter to compensate harmonic currents and the reactive power. The modeling and simulation of the proposed model were carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the filtering performances were achieved despite the reduction of the switches number. It was found that the current waveform becomes purely sinusoidal with a reduction in the harmonic distortion rate (THD) to 2.68%. This implies good compensation of both harmonics and reactive power with a power factor closer to unity. Reducing the switches number allows reducing the switching losses and lowering the duration of the applied voltage supported by the semiconductors. The proposed topology also allows to get simple structure of the inverter with a reduced cost.

2024, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the application of multi-level inverters (MLIs) in renewable energy systems, focusing on their advantages in enhancing efficiency and reducing harmonic distortion. As the demand for sustainable energy sources grows, MLIs have emerged as a crucial technology for interfacing renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, with the power grid. The proposed framework explores various MLI topologies, including diode-clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge inverters, analyzing their operational principles and control strategies. Key benefits of MLIs, such as improved power quality, increased voltage levels, and reduced electromagnetic interference, are discussed. Additionally, the paper highlights the integration of advanced control techniques, such as model predictive control and fuzzy logic, to optimize performance under variable renewable energy conditions. Experimental results and simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of MLIs in achieving high efficiency and reliability in energy conversion processes. The findings underscore the potential of multi-level inverters to support the transition to a sustainable energy future, emphasizing their role in smart grid applications. This study aims to provide insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of renewable energy technology, paving the way for more efficient and reliable energy systems.

2024, TEST Engineering & Management

2024

L’institut universitaire de technologie (IUT) de douala a été créé par décret présidentiel N°008/CAB/PR du 19 janvier 1993. IUT de douala est un établissement de formation professionnelle mis sur pied par le gouvernement camerounais dans les soucis de répondre aux exigences des entreprises industrielles et tertiaires ; il a également pour vocation d’assortir le savoir académique aux techniques du milieu professionnel.

2024

This paper presents a prototype of multilevel inverter that uses a modulation optimized in harmonic content of output voltages and that integrates a CD/CD converter, which allows regulating the value RMS of the output voltage of the inverter by controlling the voltage of the DC bus. In this way a control loop is made that allows to obtain optimum power quality in compliance with the IEEE 1159 (IEEE, 1995) and IEEE 519 standards ( IEEE, 1992), avoiding phenomena such as sag, swell, Flicker, under voltage, etc. The prototype was implemented and the power quality is validated.

2024, International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research

In that paper have been studied about using chaotic sinusoidal pulse width modulation (CSPWM) to reduce Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) on vector control driver of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). KSPWM had gotten, constant switching frequency of SPWM transforms to switching frequency that changes chaoticly in specific interval with helping of chaotic maps. The simulation shows that in PMSM under vector control using CSPWM reduces acustic noise and EMI. In additon to investegate different chaotic maps effect to EMI result of three different chaotic maps have been compared. Keywords: Chaotic Swiching Frequency, Elektromagnetic interference (EMI), Acoustic Noise, PMSM, Vektor Control, Chaotic Map

2024, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences

Researchers try to improve the multilevel inverters performance or make them more economically proposing new switching algorithms or novel structures. In this paper, a new structure is proposed for symmetric cascaded multilevel inverter which has a simpler structure and uses fewer power switches compared to conventional cascaded inverter. The reduction in the number of power electronic devices will result in the reduction of the economic cost, installation area and switching losses. The proposed structure consists of a number of separate voltage sources at the input side to generate different voltage levels and an H-bridge at the output side. Switches also connect the input voltage sources to the output in a direct form or in series. Input sources can be isolated batteries or renewable energy sources such as solar cells and or fuel cells. Using fundamental switching frequency, the proposed inverter capable of generating 7 levels of voltage at the output, is simulated by use of MATLA...

2024

This paper presents research motivated by industrial demand for special traction drive topology devoted to minimization of traction transformer weight against topology with classical 50Hz traction transformer. The special traction drive topology for AC power systems consists of input high voltage trolley converter (single phase matrix converter) – middle frequency transformer – output converter -traction motor has been described. The main attention has been given to the control algorithm of the traction topology (inserting of NULL vector of matrix converter and Two-value control of secondary active rectifier).

2024

This research work is aimed at designing of high efficiency multilevel diode clamped inverter. It would cover diode clamped multilevel inverter with particular reference to the comparison of high level and low level inverter using efficient modulation method (sinusoidal pulse width modulation). The main theme of this research is to obtain a pure sinusoidal waveform of high quality having minimum harmonics that can be utilized for both industrial purposes and to sensitive domestic loads. The proposed design besides considering high quality of the output waveform of multilevel diode clamped inverter, the problems regarding multilevel inverter design has been given more consideration high voltage stresses across switching devices. The voltage stresses issues have been resolved with DC link voltage equally distributed among capacitors in multilevel inverter. Simulation results for different level inverters both low level (5, 7, 9, level) and high levels (11, 13, 15) are used as a refere...

2024

With growing demand for green energy such as solar energy, multilevel inverters are the focus of research due to their adequate cost, compactness, and high efficiency. A novel 9-level multilevel inverter (SCMLI) topology based on switched capacitor technique is presented first. The structure utilizes 2 non-isolated power sources and reduced components to realize higher number of output voltage levels. The structure has the ability to produce boosted output voltage from lower voltage input. Further, it can balance the capacitor voltages using simple switching states. In addition, the structure does not use H-bridge circuit for polarity generation which reduces total standing voltage of the structure. Phase disposition high frequency modulation strategy is used to switch the inverter. To validate this SCMLI, simulation study for 9 voltage levels has been carried out considering different kinds of load conditions. For this proposed SCMLI structure, an extended structure has been developed, which can cost effectively produce as much voltage levels as possible with least circuit complexity.

2024, Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

In this study, a 27-levelinverter with a reduced switch asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge (CHB) with fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed. With series connections, a low voltage converter, a middle level voltage converter, and a high voltage converter make up the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The configuration of the asymmetrical inverter uses trinary DCsources. To acquire switching signals for the trinary inverter-based STATCOM to compensate for real power, load voltage, reactive power, load current, and power factor under load changing conditions, FLC is constructed. With fewer switches, the suggested arrangement produces greater voltage levels. The performance of the reduced switch asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge inverter-STATCOM with FLCis simulated using the MATLAB Simulink platform under both static and dynamic load conditions. When compared to reduced switch asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge inverter-STATCOM with traditional proportional integral (PI) controller, the...