Natural Fiber Thermoplastic Composites Research Papers (original) (raw)

At present, natural fibers of renewable resources offer the potentiality to act like a reinforcing material for manufacturing of composites. This study provides the effect of fiber volume ratio on physical & mechanical properties of specimen when the fiber length is fixed and randomly oriented. For the fabrication of composite samples, the natural fiber was used as a reinforced material and adhesive material was Phenol-Formaldehyde. Fibers of hemp, coconut & jute are used in equal ratio for the research work. In this study the fiber length was fixed in all samples and the fibers were randomly orientated and the thickness of all samples was 5mm. The length of the fibers was 12mm. A total of four samples S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , and S 4 were fabricated using hand lay-up method. Fiber volume ratio is varied from 30% to 60%, such as 30% in S 1 , 40%in S 2, 50% in S 3 & 60% in S 4 sample. Physical & Mechanical Testing has been carried out as per standards on the prepared specimens. Water absorption test was carried out in two sets one for 2 hours & second for 24 hours. Result shows that fiber volume ratio of 40% in S 2 showed maximum density, water absorption test was found minimum for 2 and 24 hours test & minimum moisture. At 30% fiber ratio (S 1) the expansion in length, width, and thickness was found minimum during the dimension expansion test for 2 hour soaking. Modulus of elasticity of the composite was found maximum at 50% fiber ratio (S 3) inside composite and modulus of rupture found maximum at 60% fiber ratio (S 4). The study on the effect of fiber ratio on mechanical and physical properties has been done. I. INTRODUCTION A. History Of Composite Material Composite material was first time use in 1500 B.C. Once early Egyptians and Mesopotamian settlers want to create a powerful and durable structure they were used mixture of mud and straw. Later, in 1200 AD, the Mongols were use a mixture of wood, bone, and animal glue for making a bow. The bows make by Mongols were very powerful and extremely accurate. Mongols provide these bows to Genghis Khan Army. The area of modern composite did not start until the researcher developed the plastics. So the sources of natural resins were plants and the source of glues and binders were animals. In 1900, the research developed plastics such as polystyrene, phenolic, vinyl, and polyester. But these plastics alone could not able to provide sufficient strength and rigidity. In 1935, research came out which provide first glass fiber. The name of the researcher who does this research was Owens Corning. When fiber glass combined with plastic polymer creates a strong structure [1]. 1) WWII-Driving Early Composites: Development a large number of best headways in the composites were brooded by war. Similarly, as the Mongols built up the composite bow, World War II brought the FRP business from the research centre into genuine creation. Composite materials were need for lightweight applications in military airplane. It was found that fiber glass composites were straightforward to radio frequencies, and the material was before long adjusted for use in shielding electronic radar gear [1],[2]. 2) Modifying Composite: Before the completion of the WWII claims to fame the composites industries were going hard and fast. With lower enthusiasm for military things, the couple of composites pioneers were by and by excitedly end beavering to bring composites into various markets. Vessels were a prominent fit for composites, and the essential business boat structure was introduced in 1946. At this time Brandt Goldsworthy, routinely suggested as the "granddad of composites," developed new collecting methodology and things. He is credited with different degrees of progress including being the first to fiber glass a surfboard, which changed the game. Goldsworthy similarly made an amassing system known as Pultrusion. Today, things delivered from this methodology join ladder rails, mechanical assembly handles, pipes, jolt shafts, defensive layers, train floors, clinical devices, and anything is possible from that point. In early 2000, nanotechnology began to use for daily use products. Now the 3D manufacturing process of producing the composite material came out by this method the production of composite material is very easy [2].