OIL AND GAS ACCOUNTING Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025

Africa's energy future is being rewritten by Nigerians who are taking bold steps to fill longstanding capacity gaps across the petroleum value chain. From exploration and production (E&P) to refining, midstream infrastructure, marketing, and distribution, indigenous Nigerian companies are steadily transforming the oil and gas industry into a truly African-led enterprise. This transformation is underpinned by deliberate policy interventions, especially the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development (NOGICD) Act of 2010, and the growing technical capacity, business acumen, and financial discipline of Nigerian players.

2025

Recent Hurricane Katrina and Rita caused severe economic cessations without expectations in Louisiana State. The natural disasters temporarily produced quantity losses in oil-industry and lead to further economic losses via interindustrial relations. In a sense that oil industry plays a key role to support national economy, estimation of the economic impacts of the disasters should be based on the supplydriven input-output (IO) model. However, common limitation in IO models is over-estimate total impacts in a relatively long-term duration due to the linear characteristics of IO coefficients. Empirically, we observe consumers change their behaviors as price changes. The price change would follow price elasticity as well as quantity changes in the market. Therefore, by constructing a new supply-driven model using price elasticity of demand for oil refinery, that is, price-elastistic supply-driven model, this study will analyze the national economic impacts of disrupted oil-industry due to Hurricane Katrina and Rita. This price-elastistic supply-driven model is a temporal expansion of supply-driven IO study. This study, also, has an important implication in the aspect that it is the first empirical application of price-type supply-driven model for the U.S.

2025, Underwater Ship Surveys

Underwater ship surveys are essential for ensuring maritime safety, vessel integrity, and compliance with international regulations. This paper explores the significance of underwater inspections, particularly emphasizing high-traffic maritime regions such as the Bosphorus Strait in Istanbul. A comprehensive review of methodologies—including diver inspections, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques—is presented, highlighting recent technological advancements and their practical applications. The study evaluates current regulatory frameworks governed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), underscoring the importance of standardized protocols. Challenges related to environmental factors, technological limitations, and operational complexities are discussed. Ultimately, the paper demonstrates how modern underwater survey practices substantially contribute to enhancing vessel safety, environmental protection, and operational efficiency globally and specifically within critical waterways like Istanbul’s Bosphorus.

2025, Journal of Management Sciences Research and Contemporary Issues (JMSRCI

This study examines the effect of audit committee characteristics on earnings quality of listed cement firms in Nigeria for the period of 2013 to 2022. This study adopts ex-post-facto research design. The study population is the four cement companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group for the period of 2013-2022, these four companies form the sample size for this study. Secondary data were collected from financial statements of four listed cement companies listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group for the period of 2013 to 2022. Panel regression analysis was used to analyse the hypotheses with reference to Hausman test to determine whether to use fixed or random effect using E-view. Based on Hausman test, fixed effect regression was adopted for the study. This study found that audit committee number of meetings, audit committee independence and audit committee financial expertise have significant positive effect on discretional accruals, while audit committee size have insignificant negative effect on discretional accruals of listed cement companies in Nigeria. The study concludes that audit committee number of meetings, audit committee independence and audit committee financial expertise have significant positive effect on earnings quality of listed cement companies in Nigeria, while audit committee size has insignificant negative effect on earnings quality of listed cement companies in Nigeria. Based on the findings and conclusion, the study recommends that audit committee number of six (6) as it is stipulated by Securities and Exchange Commission should be maintained and stringently enshrined by listed cement companies in Nigeria as it is found by this study that audit committee size has not encouraged earnings management of listed cement companies in Nigeria. In addition, the number of outside independent members of the audit committee stipulate by Securities and Exchange Commission should be maintained and stringently enshrined by listed cement companies in Nigeria as it is found by this study that audit committee independence has encouraged earnings management. Again, the number of times the audit committee of listed cement companies in Nigeria meets in a year should be maintained as it has a positive influence on their discretional accruals. Lastly, audit committee members should be selected based on their knowledge of accounting and finance as it is found by this study that audit committee financial expertise has encouraged earnings management.

2025, Trinitarian International journal of arts and culture

This study examined theeffects of audit tenure and fee on audit quality of quoted food production companies in Nigeria. Ex-post facto, correlation research design and longitudinal research design was employed and Panel Least Square (PLS) technique was used in the analysis of the secondary data collected from a sample of 10 firms for a period of ten years spanning (2011-2020). The secondary sources of data were collected from annual reports of the selected food production companies. Two 2) specific objectives and two (2) hypotheses were subjected to preliminary data tests such as descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and variance inflation factor and were analyzed using panel regression analysis. The empirical analysis using a total of 100 company-year observations,shows that client importance and auditor education level exert positive and significant effects on audit quality of quoted food production companies in Nigeria which was statistically significant at 1% and 5% levels of significance respectively while another positive but non-significant effect was documented for audit fees. It was concluded that audit tenure has negative and significant effect on audit quality of quoted food production companies in Nigeria, which was statistically significant at 1% level of significant having recorded a negative coefficient value of-0.1432% and a probability-value of 0.0001.Audit fee has a positive and insignificant effect on audit quality of quoted food production companies in Nigeria. Conclusively, it is accepted that a better standard of independence of auditors improves a robust audit efficiency that results in accurate financial reporting. The following recommendations were made: long tenure of auditor should be discouraged while the maximum three years audit firm tenure policy for auditors in Nigeria should be backed up by law and strictly enforced and that Regulatory agencies in Nigeria should increase surveillance on audit practices with regards to fees charged.

2025

Resumen Se presenta la evaluación de una placa de acero cuerpo humano, la cual corresponde a una lá mina ortopédica que estuvo en funcionamiento durante doce meses. utilización fue utilizada como material de referencia. Se evaluaron las propie-dades morfológicas y electroquímicas. se realizó mediante microscopía óptica para observar el deterioro generado por la exposición al medio agresivo. El desempeño electroquímico de los aceros se evaluó mediante la técnica de espectroscopía de impedancia electro-química (EIS) y curvas de polarización anódica, los resultados de las curvas de polarización y los diagramas de Nyquist indican que la placa retirada presenta un valor de corriente y velocidad de corrosión mayor con respecto al sistema de referencia. Evaluación mecánica y electroquímica de una placa de acero 316-LVM previamente utilizada en el organismo humano 52 Introducción La utilización de biomateriales metálicos en implantes precisa de dos características im-portantes: la primera, ...

2025, Africa Accounting Journal of Cross- Country Research (AAJCCR)

Background: This study addressed the critical intersection of accounting standards and investor returns within Africa's oil and gas sector. Specifically, it investigated how diverse accounting treatments under International Financial Reporting Standards 6 (IFRS 6) for exploration and evaluation costs, including capitalization, depreciation methods, and disclosure, affect investor returns. Utilizing panel data and regression analysis, this study examined the nuanced impact of these accounting choices on key financial performance indicators, offering insights into the complex relationship between IFRS 6 implementation and investor confidence in the African context. Aim: This study examined the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards 6 (IFRS 6) exploration and evaluation accounting choices on investor returns in African firms. Methodology: This study examined the impact of IFRS 6 accounting choices on investor returns in African oil and gas firms. This study used an ex post facto design and purposive sampling; panel data from 9 listed companies was analyzed using panel regression techniques. The regression techniques investigated the relationship between IFRS 6 accounting choices (capitalization, depreciation, disclosure, and impairment) and investor return measures such as share price, Tobin's Q, return on equity, and return on sales. The sample consists of 9 oil and gas companies listed on stock exchanges within Africa, with representation from key oil-producing nations such as Nigeria, Ghana, and others. Findings: The findings revealed that IFRS 6 positively and significantly affects debt service capacity, highlighting that compliance with the standard enhances financial credibility and enables firms to meet their debt obligations more effectively, a critical factor for improving investor confidence. However, the study also identified a negative and significant relationship between IFRS 6 and profitability metrics such as return on equity (ROE) and return on sales (ROS). While the recognition of exploration and evaluation expenses enhances perceived asset values, it simultaneously reduces profitability metrics, suggesting the high upfront costs associated with these activities weigh heavily on short-term returns. Furthermore, the findings showed positive but statistically insignificant relationships between IFRS 6 and share price, dividend payout, and debt capital raised, as well as a negative but insignificant effect on equity capital raised. These results emphasize the complex interplay between IFRS 6 adoption and financial performance, indicating that while transparency improves, profitability and market outcomes do not uniformly benefit from the standard's implementation. Contributions: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the impact of IFRS 6 exploration and evaluation accounting choices on investor returns in the African context. The findings challenge some prevailing assumptions, particularly regarding the positive relationship between capitalized exploration costs and investor returns. By demonstrating the nuanced and sometimes contradictory effects of different IFRS 6 accounting choices on various financial metrics, this research provides valuable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers. Recommendations: It is recommended that African firms in the extractive sector enhance their communication strategies to effectively convey the long-term benefits of exploration activities to investors. Transparent and comprehensive disclosure of exploration and evaluation activities, aligned with IFRS 6 requirements, is crucial for building investor confidence and mitigating concerns related to declining short-term profitability. Furthermore, regulators should consider promoting best practices in IFRS 6 implementation and encourage firms to adopt robust internal controls for exploration and evaluation activities. Implications for Africa: This study has several significant implications. Theoretically, it contributes to the literature on the impact of accounting standards on investor behavior and market outcomes. By examining the specific case of IFRS 6 in the African context, the study challenges some prevailing assumptions about the relationship between accounting choices and investor returns. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of effective communication strategies for African oil and gas companies to convey the long-term value of exploration and evaluation activities to investors. These insights can inform corporate decision-making regarding exploration and evaluation strategies and accounting policies. For policymakers, the study emphasized the need for clear and consistent implementation of IFRS 6 within the African context, along with supportive regulatory frameworks to encourage best practices in financial reporting. Researchers: Further researchers should explore the impact of IFRS 6 on investor returns in other African subregions or countries, considering factors like economic development, regulatory environment, and investor sophistication. Investigating the long-term impact of IFRS 6 on investor behavior and market outcomes would also be valuable. Additionally, exploring the role of corporate governance, disclosure quality, and analyst coverage in mediating the relationship between IFRS 6 and investor returns could provide deeper insights.

2025

The research study, seek to critically examine and empirically justify the exact role and benefit, financial records keeping does to the performance of start-ups and management of micro, small and medium scale enterprises in Ghana.

2025, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues

This study investigated the nexus between environmental accounting disclosure and economic value of listed agricultural firms in Nigeria. This study employed ex-post facto research design, and data collected from the annual reports and sustainability disclosures of agricultural firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) as at December 31 st , 2023. The population comprised of 5 agricultural firms listed on the NGX and the study adopted a census sampling technique to include the entire population. The study covered a 10-year period, from 2014 to 2023, consisted of the transition of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) to the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX). Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Through the regression analysis conducted, this study found that environmental accounting disclosure had a positive and significant effect on the economic value of these firms. This suggests that environmental transparency and accountability enhance the financial performance of agricultural firms in Nigeria. This study concluded that environmental accounting disclosure is an important factor in improving the economic value of listed agricultural firms in Nigeria. It is therefore important for agricultural firms in Nigeria to enhance their environmental reporting practices to provide more comprehensive and transparent information about their environmental impact.

2025

The quest for the growth of indigenous businesses and investments in the nation's economy and necessity to maximize participation of Nigerians in oil and gas activities have prompted the "indigenization" policy which was first articulated as a legal instrument in the Nigeria's Petroleum Act of 1969. The paper considers the situation where the region that produces the bulk of national wealth and contributes so much to global oil wealth, is at the same time, the region where local dwellers ravaged in extreme poverty as reason for the government to constantly review its approach and strategy towards achieving the intention for indigenization. The paper assesses the various initiatives set forth to position Nigerians to fully access the benefits and opportunities within the nation's oil and gas industry. It observes that the NOGIC Act 2010 which gives birth to the Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB) and the consequential Community Content Guideline (CCG) constitute a paradigm shift in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The paper concludes that considering the current global economic order, the NOGIC Act provides a viable path to sustainable national economic development while the Community Content Guideline CCG is a veritable vehicle for fast tracking development in community context.

2025, Energy Economics

We analyze the impact of different state tax structures and resource ownership policies on natural and shale gas production. Using state-level, quarterly data from seven of the largest shale gas-producing states from 2007 to 2020, we find evidence that both the type of taxation method and the presence of a forced pooling law impact natural gas production. Using random effects models, we find that impact fees do not significantly affect either natural gas or shale gas production relative to severance taxes. Conversely, we find that in states with volumebased tax rates, quarterly natural gas production increases by 2.5 % relative to those states with revenue-based tax rates. We also find that the existence of a forced pooling law decreases quarterly natural gas production with an estimated decline of between 2.6 % to 3.8 % relative to states where no forced pooling law exists. These findings show that the restrictions imposed by forced pooling laws have larger impacts on production compared with different severance tax structures.

2025, The Nigerian Journal of Energy & Environmental Economics

The United Nations, in 2015 had emphasized through its Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), that adequate manufacturing output will reduce poverty, hunger and promote economic growth. However, Nigeria's manufacturing output has failed to meet this target, with evidences of hunger, poverty and poor economic growth. This study examined the impact of economic globalization and the extent to which it contributed to variance on Nigeria's manufacturing output. This study utilized manufacturing sector output and economic globalization index data from KOF globalization index. The auto regressive distributed lag was used for estimation of variables in this study. The findings of the study revealed that economic globalization index had long run relationship with manufacturing output. Economic globalization had positive and insignificant coefficient value in the short-run but turned negative and insignificant in the longrun. In addition to these results, the variance decomposition test revealed that globalization accounted for less than 20% variations in manufacturing output for the first five periods. The study concludes that economic globalization was not strong enough to drive manufacturing output in Nigeria and recommends that Nigeria should introduce import substitution strategy to enable her improve the contribution of globalization to her manufacturing output.

2025, The Impact of Virtual Simulation Training on Oil Pipeline Subsea Diving Team at Banyas Petroleum Port in the Syrian Company for Oil Transport

This research investigates the effectiveness of virtual simulation training on improving the competency and safety of subsea divers operating on oil pipelines at the Banyas Petroleum Port within the Syrian Company for Oil Transport. Facing limitations in traditional training methods due to logistical constraints and inherent risks, this study explores the potential of virtual simulation to enhance divers' skills in critical tasks, such as pipeline inspection, repair, and emergency response. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of diver performance with qualitative data gathered through interviews and observations. Hypotheses concerning improved performance, reduced error rates, and increased confidence resulting from virtual simulation training are tested using t-tests and ANOVA. The findings contribute to understanding the value of virtual simulation in enhancing subsea diving training, particularly in challenging operational environments like Banyas Petroleum Port, and offer recommendations for future implementation and development.

2025, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

The primary goal of this study aimed to study the effect of cultural dimensions on accounting practices, specifically targeting a sample of firms located in Calabar, Cross River State. The general objectives included an examination of power distance effecting accounting practices across the sampled firms located in Calabar, Cross River State; an evaluation of the effect of individualism on accounting practices across these firms; and an analysis of uncertainty avoidance effecting accounting practices across these firms. The methodological approach used by this study included the descriptive survey method. The sample targeted included the accountancy unit of Lafarge Plc located in Calabar, consisting of 34 personnel, and Niger Mills Limited located in Calabar, consisting of 33 personnel. In this context, sample selection had relied on the census method. The study had only relied on the use of primary data, collected from sampled personnel via well-designed questionnaires. Analysis of data collected had relied on Ordinary Least Squares, enabled by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 27.0). The findings established by this study indicated that power distance influences accounting practices across sampled firms located in Calabar, Cross River State; individualism also has an effect on accounting practices across these firms; while uncertainty avoidance also has an effect on accounting practices across sampled firms located in Calabar, Cross River State. In line with these findings, it had been suggested, alongside other recommendations, that there ought to be reconsidering structuring organizational hierarchies so as to address the power distance, established by this study as significantly prominent across researched firms.

2025, Ataboh, Adah Noah

he motivation for this paper stems from the crucial role that government expenditure plays in driving economic growth, especially in developing economies like Nigeria. This paper specifically investigates the long-run impact of federal government service capital expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria between 1986 and 2022. The paper examines how different components of capital expenditure—administrative services, economic services, and social and community services—affect economic growth over time. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model, the methodology facilitates the exploration of both short- and long-term relationships between the dependent and independent variables. The findings revealed that while certain components like social and community services significantly contribute to economic growth, others, such as total federal services, have a negative impact. This outcome underscores the need for a more targeted and efficient allocation of resources in capital expenditures. Based on these findings, the paper recommends that government agencies and departments enhance the efficiency of capital outlays in sectors that directly impact economic growth, such as infrastructure, while minimizing inefficiencies and focusing on productive expenditures to drive sustainable development in Nigeria.

2025, AFRICA ACCOUNTING JOURNAL OF CROSS-COUNTRY RESEARCH (AAJCCR)

The study evaluated the application of upper echelon theory on IFRS 6 disclosure practices among African exploration firms. The research examined how CEO gender, board gender, board committee gender, and top management gender correlate with the level of IFRS 6 disclosure within Africa's exploration industry. Methodology: The study used ex post facto research design. Filtered sampling was adopted in selecting the sampled firms from African upstream, downstream, mining and metals industry. Data collected from Machame Ratios for 2012-2022 were analyzed through ordinal logistic regression. Findings: The findings revealed that CEO gender has an insignificant effect on IFRS 6 disclosure practices with confidence interval of-2.0057. Board gender showed a significant negative effect on IFRS 6 disclosure with a p-value of-0.0491. In contrast, board committee gender and top management gender positively and significantly influenced IFRS 6 disclosure with p-values of 0.0073 and 0.0059 respectively. Contributions: The study contributed to the existing literature on the framework of upper echelon theory as it influenced IFRS 6 disclosure practices among Africa exploration firms. Recommendations: • It recommended the need for researchers to further explore upper echelon specific characteristics in comparison with other industries. • It recommended that training programs should be developed to enhance the IFRS 6 expertise of accountants and financial professionals in the African context. • The study recommended that policymakers and corporate governance advocates should not only focus on gender diversity but also on leadership competencies and regulatory frameworks. Implications for Africa: African firms should prioritize promoting women into key decision-making positions like board committee and top management. This can enhance transparency and compliance with IFRS 6. Firms should focus on fostering inclusive environments where diverse boards can thrive and positively influence financial reporting

2025, The Nigerian Journal of Energy and Environmental Economics

The study investigates the relationship between crude oil prices and economic growth in Nigeria to understand their impact on economic resilience and provide insights for policymakers. Using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, it analyses data from 1981 to 2022, considering both positive and negative oil price shocks and lagged effects. Additionally, it explores the effects of crude oil revenue and exchange rate fluctuations on economic growth. The findings reveal Nigeria's vulnerability to oil price fluctuations, with positive shocks temporarily boosting growth and negative shocks having adverse effects. Lagged crude oil revenue significantly influences growth, while lagged exchange rates do not. To enhance economic resilience, policymakers are advised to prioritize diversification, invest oil revenues transparently, and implement macroeconomic stability measures such as fiscal buffers. Flexible economic policies accommodating oil price shocks are crucial for adaptability. Continuous research and vigilance are emphasized for informed policymaking and sustained economic progress.

2025, Imo State University Journal of Business and Finance Vol. 14 (4). Pp (28-46)

This study examined the impacts of cost of environmental law compliance (CELC) and cost of environmental remediation and pollution control (CERPC) on financial performance of selected quoted oil and gas companies in Nigerian Stock Exchange market as a result of environmental degradation which is attributable to commercial activities undertakings by the firms that caused the climate change and environmental damages. We employed an ex-post 1 factor design in explaining the environmental accounting disclosure and financial performance measured, return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA), were employed andthe finding however shows that CELC and CERPC contradicts the priori expectation, thus, both CELC and CERPC have no statistical significant effects on financial performance, therefore, the hypotheses are of this study are accepted indicating that company's committed sizeable fund on both costs as significant fund was remitted to government for not complying with the existing environmental law and regulation. Thus, the findings suggested that;Management of oil and gas companies should formulate and implement consistent environmental friendly policies like immediate removal of pollution or contaminants from the environment, community safety and so on in other to enhance peaceful living and government should make laws that will mandate oil and gas companies in Nigeria to deploy certain percentage of their income back to the host community as a measure of compliance with environmental laws and regulations.

2025, World Journal of Advance Research and Reviews

This study evaluated the efficiency, effectiveness and ecological impacts of bio-stimulation, bio-augmentation, and electro-bio-remediation interventions in phase-1 Ogoni-land remediated areas, focusing on the rate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation, soil health, soil physicochemical and biological properties across four selected locations in Eleme, using CLOGEN, MicroSORB®, Petroleum Remediation Product® and a combination of Electro-Kinetic Action plus KEEN® and Ors-SORB plus®. Nkeleoken Alode LOT 04 with the largest total area of 0.64Ha and remediated soil volume of 46,100m3 using Electro-Kinetic Action + Ors-SORB plus® + KEEN® had initial TPH value of 2,021 mg/kg reduced to 265 mg/kg, showing significant degradation with 86.89% efficiency with 13.11% residual hydrocarbons left in the soil, while Elelenwo Manifold, Akpajo LOT 46 with moderate total area of 0.3943Ha and soil volume of 12,100m3; a smaller area compared to LOT 04 had higher efficiency in TPH degradation, highlighting the effectiveness of CLOGEN® with 99.61% degradation leaving behind 0.39% residual contamination; where initial TPH value of 6,600 mg/kg was reduced to 26 mg/kg, showing the most efficient location, cleanest site, post-remediation, and high level of restoration. Ajeokpori Well 3, Okuluebu LOT 54 with smaller area of 0.0854Ha and moderate soil volume of 8,300m3 demonstrated a localized remediation effort with a focus on smaller-scale impact, where initial 4,550 mg-TPH/kg-Soil was reduced to 1,187.87 mg-TPH/kg-Soil, indicating 73.89% efficiency of MicroSORB®, with 26.11% residual contamination left in the soil after-remediation, while New Elelenwo Manifold, Akpajo LOT 56 with a medium area of 0.4139Ha and small soil volume of 9,600m3; balancing land coverage and soil volume for remediation, had initial TPH value of 5,600 mg/kg reduced to 402.29 mg/kg, highlighting degradation efficiency of 93.06% with 6.94% residual hydrocarbons still left in the soil after-remediation, showing a strong performance of PRP® and also representing a high level of restoration. Laboratory analyses of soil microbial count in bio-remediated locations show mean values for THB and THF of 417,000±0.9578622 and 36,000±0.5244044, and HUB and HUF of 4,125±0.5452446 and 2,800±0.1290994; while macronutrients of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) showed marked improvements in remediated areas post-bio-remediation; with N values of 1.091-4.299 mg/kg and 1.278 mg/kg for control, K values between 15.423-45.789 mg/kg and 0.652 mg/kg for control, and P values of 0.321-2.321 mg/kg and 0.639 mg/kg control, with specific locations displaying nutrient levels indicative of enhanced soil fertility. Nutrient distribution variability across the sites suggests that, while some areas have shown significant soil improvement, others may require site specific targeted interventions for uniform ecological restoration.

2025, Interdisciplinary Journal of Economics and Business Law

This research investigates the changes caused by cloud computing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in the oil and gas industry at different levels of organisational structure, processes, supply chain management, and employee management processes across an entire organisation. This research improved on the use of digital transformation and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and its impact on supply chain management with a desktop study approach. This study aims to enhance how ERP integrated software package for the oil and gas industry is implemented in supply chain management operations. The study uses a qualitative approach to establish high-performance operational processes and administers questionnaires to oil and gas companies. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The researchers implemented cloud ERP after giving survey questions to managers in the supply chain of oil and gas firms and assessing their responses. The results show a positive impact that will come with cloud ERP implementation in oil and gas companies. Since the result is higher than 0.70, as evidenced by the analysis's 0.81 Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient score, the qualitative analysis' output is homogeneous. Oil and gas firms may maintain complete control over storage costs while instantly satisfying consumer demands thanks to the supply chain management system.

2025, Cartilla popular. El fracking y sus impactos. Entender la necesidad de su prohibición en Colombia y en el mundo. (2da edición)

Cartilla popular: El fracking y sus impactos ~ Entender la necesidad de su prohibición en Colombia y en el mundo Segunda edición ~ Incluye una nueva sección sobre yacimientos no convencionales de hidrocarburos. El libro explica en un... more

2025, Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management Education

This study investigates the impact of the board of directors on sustainability reporting quality (SRQ) in Nigerian publicly traded companies from 2009 to 2023. The research seeks to uncover how board characteristics such as gender diversity, independence, and size influence sustainability disclosures' quality. Employing a longitudinal research design, this study utilizes panel data collected from annual reports and sustainability disclosures of 17 firms across various industries. The data analysis uses a fixed effects regression model to account for firm-specific heterogeneity and temporal variations. Findings reveal that board gender diversity, independence, and size in sustainability-related areas significantly enhance SRQ. The originality of this research lies in its integration of agency and resource dependence theories to explain the mechanisms through which board dynamics influence SRQ. The comprehensive dataset spanning over a decade enhances the generalizability of the findings and provides nuanced insights into the contextual dependencies of these effects. This study contributes to the growing literature on corporate governance and sustainability by offering actionable recommendations for policymakers and corporate stakeholders aiming to improve SRQ through effective board compositions.

2024

2024, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

The estimation of the employment effects of offshore safety and environmental regulation is often highly speculative and based on questionable assumptions. Nevertheless, it is still highly publicized and used as a basis for policy statements in support or, or in opposition to, proposed regulations. Much more reliable estimates of such employment effects can be made, however, based on fundamental principles of microeconomic analysis. This paper demonstrates this by developing a microeconomic model explaining the effects of offshore regulations on employment, assuming the standard profit-maximization behavior of firms. The paper finds that the most relevant and reliable measures of employment effects are: reductions in employment from operations that are terminated because of the new regulation, increases in employment because of additional labor needed to meet the new requirements, and increases in employment in equipment manufacturing when the regulation calls for the expanded use of certain equipment. The costs related to these contractions or expansions of employment can often be gleaned from information in the benefit-cost analysis that was required to accompany the proposed regulation by the regulatory agency involved. For example, the daily costs of offshore rigs and the costs of equipment can be translated to increases in employment.

2024

The objective of the study is to find out the impact of audit quality on earnings management. The study used a sample of all eighteen banks quoted on the stock exchange as at December, 2010. Data was gathered for the period 2005 to 2010. The cross-sectional year by year regression analysis was performed. Audit quality is measured by using audit fees and auditor change, and abnormal loan loss provision is used to measure earnings management. Though the result was mixed, however, based on the frequency of results for the period of the study, both audit fee and auditor change were positively related to abnormal loan loss provision. This suggests that high audit fee and change in auditor tenure will aggravate earnings management. We recommend that auditor change should not be ceremonial but based on fact of inefficiency and audit fee from each auditor client should be monitored to enforce the five per cent maximum from each client as suggested by Institute of Chartered Accountants code ...

2024, Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)

Corrosion is preponderant in the petroleum environment because most known factors that can cause to extreme various types of corrosion of a wide range of materials are abundantly present in the physicochemical composition of crudes. Every crude oil has about the same kinds of constituent chemical types but in different proportions, so different types of crudes coupled with their processing, transportation and storage conditions can have different corrosivities to materials in different refineries. Kaduna refinery uses Nigerian crudes sometimes blended with foreign crudes to produce some fuels and chemical industrial raw feedstock. The refinery has however been experiencing maintenance problems over its years of existence. This paper is a report of field and literature surveys that attempted to lay bare the basis of the problems. The study found that the entire refinery structures or systems were well designed with corrosion consideration, and corrosion management and control institutionalized therein. Corrosion is managed and controlled in the refinery through many methods including corrosion monitoring and inspections, corrosion audit, and maintenances of all designed controls. The study nevertheless found that corrosion had been a serious problem in the refinery by contributing greatly to its costly maintenance needs, shutdowns and downtime, low production and profitability, and time to time non-availability of its products to the public. Shoddy and lack of proactive corrosion management and control of the refinery have been attributed to its maintenance needs at expensive costs. Possible ways of improving corrosion management and control in the refinery are suggested for enhancing its productivity, profitability and service delivery.

2024, Eyab A. Alshehab

Marine mining, essential for extracting minerals crucial for modern technologies, faces significant challenges in balancing operational efficiency with environmental stewardship. This study presents confirmatory findings from a survey conducted among experts in the marine mining industry, focusing on perceptions of technological advancements and environmental impacts. By integrating responses from over 100 professionals, we align new empirical data with existing theoretical frameworks, reinforcing and occasionally challenging current understanding. Our methodology draws on advanced statistical analyses to validate findings previously reported in the literature, such as the increased efficiency of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) in mineral extraction processes (White, 2018) and the persistent environmental concerns such as habitat destruction and chemical pollution (Green et al., 2017). Additionally, the data support the call for more robust regulatory frameworks to ensure sustainable practices, echoing Johnson & Jones’ (2005) discussion on the necessity of evolving governance in marine mining. The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing innovation in technology and regulatory practices to mitigate the adverse impacts on marine ecosystems. This study contributes to the literature by confirming existing theories with up-to-date empirical data, providing a reliable basis for future technological and regulatory developments in marine mining.

2024

The research investigated the effectiveness of motor, marine, aviation, fire insurance on manufacturing companies' sustainability in Nigeria for 7 years (2008-2019), using ready-made data (ex-post facto design) and multiple regression technique as the research design and inferential statistical analysis. Respectively. The collection of data from both the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical Bulletin and Nigeria Insurers Association reports. The research observed that insurance policies have a strongly significant and direct associative effectiveness with GDP of Nigerian manufacturing commercial enterprises. In conclusion, the sustainable performance is directly and significantly influenced by the insurance premiums in Nigerian manufacturing commercial enterprises, which reportedly advise the manufacturing companies to be prudently implementing some obligatory policies that will improve their operational and sustainable activities. Based on the outcomes, the recommendations suggest that the Nigerian quoted manufacturing commercial enterprises should prudently operate in line with both memorandum and articles of association' documents as well as regulatory' directive in such a way to leverage the internal and external guidelines.

2024

Por haberme regalado vida y salud durante todo este proceso, además de la inconmensurable energía y fe de la que dotó a mis cercanos y a mí, para no desistir ante las adversidades, a él toda la gloria. A mis padres, Miguel Antonio Martín Piñeros y Sandra Barceló Trespalacios. Por apoyarme siempre sin importar las dificultades, por enseñarme desde pequeño el valor de la perseverancia, así como la valentía que requieren los nuevos retos, y por todo su amor, que ha sido un motor para mí. A Miguelito, mi hermano. Por siempre estar ahí para mí, por todas las enseñanzas, que han sido en verdad muy valiosas, así también, todo el ánimo con el que me has equipado para cumplir este logro y otros tantos ya superados. A Karen, mi amor. Por haberme animado en esas largas noches de escritura, recordándome que después de este escalón vendrán nuevos retos maravillosos que la vida nos regalará, asimismo, por todo el amor que me ha brindado estos años y tantas alegrías. A mi compañera de tesis, Por acompañarme durante este proceso, creer fielmente en la idea y por no dejarme desistir ante las adversidades presentadas.

2024, Journal of Global Accounting

The study assessed the possibility of CEO demographics in reducing the earnings manipulation of financial reports of banks in Nigeria, which spans from 2014 to 2023. Three objectives guided the study which included investigating the effect of CEO ownerships, CEO gender diversity and CEO tenure on earnings manipulation of banks in Nigeria. Cause and effect research design was adopted and the study targeted the fourteen listed deposit money banks on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX), upon which sample size of ten banks was purposively selected. Secondary data was used in the study and was gathered from the annual reports of the selected banks and was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and panel regression analysis. The results therefore indicate that CEO ownerships and CEO gender diversity have positive and statistically significant effect on earnings manipulation of the banks at 10% and 1% levels respectively. CEO tenure on the other hand was found to have a negative and insignificant effect on the earnings manipulation of banks in Nigeria. The study recommends amongst others that investors should consider as last option for investment, those banks whose CEOs have great proportion of its shares, for there lies greater tendency that their earnings would be manipulated.

2024, International Journals of Economic and Business Management

This study examined the effect of board independence and auditor's independent on financial report with a study on selected banks in Nigeria. This study survey research designs. Primary data were collected from the staff members of the banks via a questionnaire designed in the light of the objectives of the study. The banks used for the study were made up of both old and new generation banks. Data were exposed to the scrutiny of the appropriate regulatory agencies for validity and reliability. The result showed that there is a positive relationship between board independenceand timeliness of financial report(r = 0.761).This relationship is statistically significant because the generated p-value for the result (0.000) is less than the level of significant (0.05) used for the study. The study concluded that board independence and auditor's independent had significantly influence and changes on financial report in selected banks in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that board independence and auditor's independent should be not be taken for granted at least a special focuse should be given if we must achieve a good financial report.

2024

Male Swiss albino mice weighing about 25-30g were taken and amnesia was induced by injecting Streptozotocin (STZ) on 1 and 3 days (3mg/kg) bilaterally. After 5 days of injection the animals were treated with 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg (p.o) of Asteracantha longifolia (AL) extract for 2 weeks. Various behavioural parameters like Elevated plus Maze, Passive shock avoidance, Y-Maze tests were performed. Asteracantha longifolia improved learning and memory of mice as indicated by decreased transfer latency, increased step-down latency and increase in percentage alteration. Asteracantha longifolia extract has shown decreased levels of Acetylcholine esterase enzyme. The methanolic extract of the plant possessed anti-amnesic property at a dose level.

2024, Risk Management in Audits,

The objective of this paper isto show how risk management is used in some financial institutions when an audit is intended. With the formalization of risk management from the emergence of standards in recent decades and with the emergence of internal control as a management tool, audit processes in financial institutions have developed methodologies where audit risks (inherent, detection and control) are calculated in order to increase the quality of the process by promoting recommendations based on the incidence of the risks detected This action is not characteristic in most of the different types of audits that exist. For this research, the analysis of descriptive studies based on information from government entities from different countries was used and an illuminating document of audit practices throughout the history of humanity was shown. The results reveal the need to consider the risks in cases that merit it in favor of quality in the audit.

2024, The International Journal of Business & Management

Credit Risk Management of Savings and Loans Companies in Ghana 1. Introductions According to Kliestik and Cug (2015) credit risk constitutes the loss probability that a financial institution encounters when a borrower fails to meet his contractual obligation. Largely, financial institutions are the most susceptible when it comes credit risk (Spuchľaková & Cúg, 2014) since it constitutes a significant portion of their operational losses (Klieštik & Cúg, 2015). As indicated by Bartošová (2005)credit risk does not only becomes imminent during loans approval, it equally occurs during other banking transactions such as when trading on the capital market, dealing with foreign exchanges, futures, swaps, bonds, options, stocks, etc. Clearly, this suggests that credit risk constitutes a significant portion of banking activities. Specifically, how the Ghanaian financial institutions operate make their operation more vulnerable to credit risk issues. For instance, for five consecutive years (i.e. 2012-2016) loans and advances have remained as the main source of the industry's operating assets (PwC, 2017). Moreover, most of these financial institutions rely on customers' deposits before they are able to advance credits to their customers for income. For example, recent figures by the regulator confirmed this claim as their statistics revealed that banks total deposits funded 62.5 percent of the industry's assets in December 2017 compared with 63.6 percent in December 2016 (Bank of Ghana, 2018). The consequential effect of this structural arrangement is that banks will have to pay significant amount of interest to their depositors before they acquire their savings. As rightly indicated in the recent Ghana Banking Survey report, interest expense on deposits constituted 75% of total interest expenses of the banking industry (PwC, 2017). This means that Ghanaian financial institutions may require stringent and effective credit risk management practices since they acquire most of their funds from customers' deposits and likewise rely on loans and advances as their major source of income.

2024

El gas natural es una de las fuentes de energía más limpia por tener bajas emisiones al ambiente. Dentro de las nuevas tecnologías para su extracción se encuentran los gases de baja permeabilidad o no convencionales, que se encuentran atrapados en profundidades de mil a cinco mil metros de profundidad. Este gas es denominado gas shale, gas de esquisito o de lutita. Sus ventajas radican en que es abundante, barato y más limpio al ser quemado, en comparación con el resto de los combustibles fósiles. Se considera que el aprovechamiento de este recurso apropiadamente podría cubrir las necesidades de consumo de la región e inclusive, planear las posibilidades de exportación. Los principales procesos de extracción para este tipo de gas son: fracturación hidráulica, extracción con CO2 y extracción con gel propano. El dilema que presenta esta fuente de energía es el procedimiento de extracción, habiendo mucha información con respecto a la fracturación hidráulica y sus repercusiones al ambie...

2024, CLEMENT Gyan

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of financial reporting on the investment decisions of selected small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Ga East district of Accra. The objective of this research is to assess how financial... more

2024

The objective of this dissertation is to study the incentives of firms to disclose their environmental information and examine the reliability of the information disclosed. To achieve this objective, there is a need to first understand what constitutes environmental disclosures. The first essay, a review of prior disclosure studies, provides a classification of the different types of environmental disclosures and a synopsis about the motivation to disclose each type of information, the reliability and the relevance of the information disclosed to different stakeholders. The outcome of this research shows that many types of environmental information are relevant to the financial and non-financial stakeholders; however, there are still other types of information that needs to be researched to finally achieve a comprehensive framework of environmental disclosures. The second essay examines the association between environmental disclosures and firms’ environmental performances. The stud...

2024

The study sought to empirically determine the effect of the disclosures and presentation of accounting information in line with International Financial Reporting Standards on the Nigerian economy. It investigated whether IFRS adoption suits the Nigerian economy in terms of Foreign Direct Investment, and market capitalization. In order to capture the macro-economy as a whole, control variables were introduced into the models which were inflation, corruption, human capital development and monetary policy rate. The granger causality test and multiple regression analyses were used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that IFRS adoption had a significant positive effect on FDI. Market capitalization however, was not affected by IFRS adoption. The study concludes that IFRS adoption significantly affects the Nigerian economy though this effect is dependent on other economic factors as outlined in the control variables. It is therefore recommended that a hybrid form of accounting standard (IFRSs and SASs) is adopted to fit the Nigerian environment.

2024, Social Science Research Network

2. The first "oil shock" took place in 1973 and necessitated U.S. aid to Israel during the Yom Kippur War. The second oil shock began in December of 1978 and was later fueled by the Iran Hostage Crisis in November of 1979 and the Russian invasion of Afghanistan in December of 1979. These events prompted President Carter to take a hard line with the Soviet Union: "Let our position be absolutely clear. An attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force." YERGIN, supra note 1, at 702. Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait in August of 1990 precipitated another oil shock and the Gulf War. See YERGIN, supra note 1, at 603-06, 684-702, 769-79. The September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center initiated another round of concern about the impact of oil supply issues on U.S. foreign policy. See, e.g.

2024

Abstract. ... more

Abstract. Looking at the current conditions where Indonesia's oil and gas production is declining day by day, Indonesia must become a net oil importer country to meet domestic needs. One of the investors for domestic upstream oil and gas activities is PT. XYZ. The company has conducted upstream oil and gas activities in the form of ABC-1 exploration well drilling. In the ABC-1 exploration well drilling process faces a security risk that develops into a time and cost risk. In ABC-1 exploration well data processing using CPM and PERT methods. The data that is processed are program data, realization data and ideal data. The results of this study found the ideal time to complete the project with the CPM method is 708 days while the PERT method is 698 days with a standard deviation (z) of 7.07 days so that the completion time becomes 691 days. With an ideal time to accelerate one project completion for 543 days with an additional cost of $ 52,231 and a total cost of $ 11,017,161. Fo...

2024, International Journal of Economics, Business and Social Science Research

The environment has generated a great deal of concern globally since the last two decades and consequently, environmental concerns have attracted considerable attention arising from the need to ensure environmental sustainability. The main objective of the study is a contrast analysis of the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on environmental disclosures in the oil and gas sectors of Nigeria and Ghana. The researcher adopted the ex post facto design. The study population was the listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria and Ghana. The researcher adopted the convenient sampling technique. The data required for the study was secondary data. The data were extracted from the financial statements of the selected companies through content analysis. Descriptive Statistics technique and multiple linear regression analysis were the techniques adopted for the analysis. The data analysis was enhanced using Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. A T-test was carried out to examine the difference between disclosures between the two countries of the study. The result of the analysis shows that Board Size has a significant influence on the environmental disclosure of oil and gas companies in Ghana but an insignificant influence in Nigeria. The board meeting has a significant influence on the environmental disclosure of oil and gas companies in Ghana but has a negative effect on environmental disclosure in Nigeria. Board Composition has an insignificant influence on environmental disclosures of oil and gas companies in Nigeria but in Ghana, board composition influenced environmental disclosures significantly. Audit committee size has a significant influence on the environmental disclosures of oil and gas companies in Nigeria and Ghana. However, there is a significant composite influence of corporate governance on environmental disclosures both in Nigeria and Ghana. According to the study's results, Nigerian oil firms do not significantly include environmental information in their financial reports. It can be concluded that oil and gas companies in Ghana disclose their environmental information more than their Nigerian counterpart. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made; the number of directors in the oil and gas sector in Nigeria should increase to a minimum of ten directors to allow the presence of diverse skills and experience on the board.

2024, Journal of Resources Development and Management

Ghana is the latest country in Africa to join the league of oil producing countries last year (2010) when she first pumped oil from her jubilee field. As a developing country, the oil revenue is expected to contribute to an increase in at least 23% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Attention is now on Ghana as to how the country can manage its oil resources to be able to eradicate poverty among its people i.e. sustainable economic growth and human resource development; considering the fact that oil resources in Africa have rather brought about corruption, stagnation and economic decline. The aim of this paper is to examine the Ghana Heritage Fund (GHF). Primary and secondary sources such as legal documents, publications, articles, journals, books and internet sources were used to do quantitative, qualitative, comparative and scenario analysis. The paper found out that if all the tenets of the Ghana Heritage Fund are properly implemented and astutely managed as planned, the Fund w...

2024

During the course of our investigation, we received important and helpful input from a number of individuals. They have been listed below.

2024, International Letters of Natural Sciences

Wetland pollution due to inputs from crude oil is one of the most prevalent environmental problems facing the aquatic ecosystem in the world. The present study was intended to investigate the effectiveness of combination of cow lumen and NPK fertilizer in stimulating the degradation of crude oil polluted fresh water wet land. Soil samples were collected from unpolluted plots, crude oil polluted plots and crude oil polluted plots that were treated with the remediating agents. After fifteen days and sixty days of remediation, the soil samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (E.C), phosphate, PO3-4, phosphorous, P, % organic carbon, % total nitrogen N, carbon/nitrogen ratio and total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH. The result indicates that combination of the inorganic and organic manure was more efficient in stimulating the degradation of the crude oil than the use of either the cow lumen or NPK fertilizer alone. The physiochemical properties of the soil in all the treated p...

2024, International Letters of Natural Sciences

Wetland pollution due to inputs from crude oil is one of the most prevalent environmental problems facing the aquatic ecosystem in the world. The present study was intended to investigate the effectiveness of combination of cow lumen and NPK fertilizer in stimulating the degradation of crude oil polluted fresh water wet land. Soil samples were collected from unpolluted plots, crude oil polluted plots and crude oil polluted plots that were treated with the remediating agents. After fifteen days and sixty days of remediation, the soil samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (E.C), phosphate, PO 3-4 , phosphorous, P, % organic carbon, % total nitrogen N, carbon/nitrogen ratio and total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH. The result indicates that combination of the inorganic and organic manure was more efficient in stimulating the degradation of the crude oil than the use of either the cow lumen or NPK fertilizer alone. The physiochemical properties of the soil in all the treated plots were observed to have been improved when compared with that of the untreated plots.

2023, The British Accounting Review

The accounting treatment of exploration expenditure in the extractive industry has historically been a challenging issue for regulators. This paper examines the accounting policies for, and value relevance of, the exploration assets of firms listed on the London Stock Exchange from the oil & gas and mining sectors. The policies used by oil & gas firms range from the relatively conservative Successful Efforts to the most aggressive Full Cost method, whereas mining firms employ a range of policies from the Successful Efforts to the most conservative Expense All method. The results suggest that the income statements of Main Market-listed extractive firms contain value relevant information regardless of the policy followed by the firm. There is no significant difference between the value relevance of exploration asset disclosures by Main Market-listed oil & gas firms following the Successful Efforts or Full Cost methods. For AIM-listed oil & gas companies only the Full Cost method provides value relevant information on exploration assets. In the mining sector, exploration-related asset disclosures are only value relevant for AIM-listed firms following the Expense All method. The results suggest that flexibility in accounting for exploration expenditure is necessary to facilitate the disclosure of value relevant accounting information.

2023, Proceedings of the 5th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference

The URTeC Technical Program Committee accepted this presentation on the basis of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). The contents of this paper have not been reviewed by URTeC and URTeC does not warrant the accuracy, reliability, or timeliness of any information herein. All information is the responsibility o f, and, is subject to corrections by the author(s). Any person or entity that relies on any information obtained from this paper does so at their own risk. The information herein does not necessarily reflect any position of URTeC. Any reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of URTeC is prohibited.