Oil and Gas Pipeline Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, 8th IFAC Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety of Technical Processes

The Leak Detection and Isolation (LDI) algorithm proposed by , is implemented in real-time on a plastic pipeline that transports water. In order to achieve this aim, it was necessary to improve that algorithm to tackle several phenomena found in a real application such as a non constant friction factor, variations in the Equivalent Straight Length (ESL) and influence of temperature in some parameters. First, the parameter values are adjusted in function of the temperature of water. Then, the Swamee-Jain equation is used to update the friction factor. Finally, with the obtained friction, the ESL is updated. Real-time results are presented to assess the efficiency of the improved LDI.

2025, International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews

Accurate subsea positioning is an indispensable element of offshore pipeline installation operations, particularly within deepwater environments where even minor misalignments can precipitate severe safety hazards, environmental degradation, and substantial economic liabilities. Conventional acoustic-based positioning systems, including Ultra-Short Baseline (USBL) configurations, have historically served as the workhorse for subsea positioning. However, these systems face pronounced challenges in deepwater scenarios, such as signal multipath propagation, acoustic noise interference, dynamic vessel motions, and water column stratification, which collectively compromise their positioning precision. This study proposes an advanced integration of an Inertial Navigation System (INS) with USBL technology, employing a tightly coupled Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) framework to synergistically fuse complementary sensor streams. The proposed approach is designed to mitigate drift inherent to inertial solutions while stabilizing absolute positioning fixes under challenging acoustic conditions. A comprehensive empirical field campaign conducted in a representative deepwater environment, at a nominal depth of 1500 meters, demonstrates that the integrated INS-USBL architecture reduced lateral positioning errors by approximately 38% relative to USBL alone, with improvements in vertical accuracy of 26%. These advances translate directly into significant operational and economic advantages, including the reduction of corrective relay operations and enhanced compliance with increasingly stringent subsea environmental regulatory frameworks. The results provide compelling evidence for the adoption of multi-sensor fusion techniques in offshore engineering, highlighting a promising direction for future research in the integration of Doppler Velocity Logs (DVL) and seabedreferenced aiding sensors to achieve centimeter-level positioning tolerances. The findings of this work support safer, more sustainable, and more cost-efficient subsea pipeline installations, thereby contributing to the broader objective of resilient offshore energy infrastructure.

2025

Transportation of natural gas is a very important aspect of the oil and gas industry and as such, it must be done with a much efficiency.Pipelines has been recognized as the most economic, effective and safest way of transporting natural gas. A lot of capital is needed, due to cost of pipeline, compressor stations and also in its maintenance. Therefore in order to minimizing cost, optimization of natural gas transportation processes is necessary. In this study, optimization procedure of natural gas transportation network was developed using a workable procedure adapting the Generalized Reduced Gradient algorithm. It determines the optimum economical conditions natural gas can be transported through series of pipeline and compressors station. The model developed when applied to the Excravos Lagos pipeline network showed that total cost of flowing natural gas depends on the amount of gas to be transported and also on the outlet pressure required. Results show that depending on the req...

2025, Health and safety questions and answers: a practical approach

Neoprene: resistant to mineral acids, organic acids, caustics, alcohols and petroleum solvents. o Nitrile: resistant to mineral acids, caustics and petroleum solvents. © Natural rubber: resistant to ketones, alcohols, caustics and organic acids. © Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): resistant to mineral acids, caustics, organic aids and alcohols. © Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA): resistant to chlorinated solvents, petroleum solvents and aromatics.

2025, Sri Lanka Journal of International Law

Sri Lanka Journal of International Law, Vol: 26, (2018), Published by the Faculty of Law, University of Colombo, ISSN 1391 – 5568, pp. 208-212.

2025, DergiPark (Istanbul University)

The world population is growing at an alarming rate and human needs for technology and easy lifestyles drive dependency on oil energy into excessive demand, resulting in more pipelines, pipelines that are often subjected to various form of abuse. The aim of this research is to investigate the perception of oil and gas pipeline third-party interference from government agencies, professional bodies, academia, pipeline service providers and private companies' representatives. This paper attempts to identify types of third-party interference; the severity of interference; various preventive and detection tools; and examination of how the pipeline industry manage interference. The study population consisted of members of the pipeline industry, including health and safety engineers, pipeline engineers, pipeline service providers, and pipeline project engineers. The methodology for this study was formed by qualitative data, via open-ended questionnaire. The study shows that application of proper standard and procedures; greater awareness campaign to all stakeholders; and more Research and Development are the best procedures in preventing pipeline third-party interference. In organisational procedures to preventing third-party interference during and after pipeline installation, surveillance frequency as determined from risk assessment is the most effective. The study revealed that right-of-way encroachment is the most prevalent activities organisations presently monitor to avoid third-party pipeline damage. The result of the study also showed that communications with all stakeholders is more effective in preventing intentional pipeline interference, and government's social responsibility to communities as the major factor influencing occurrence of intentional pipeline damage; and land use and human activities as the most ranked factor for consideration in mitigating intentional third-party damage. The study also outlined what governments and the industry can and should do to help better manage risk and effectively reduce the risk of pipeline third-party damage.

2025

Steel plates for penstock application require high strength and toughness with excellent weldability properties. These plates are conventionally produced through quenched and tempered route. With the advancement in the plate hot rolling technology, heavy plates can be thermo-mechanically rolled and cooled under accelerated cooling mode. High strength steel plates were developed in 40 mm thickness with strength of 600MPa and excellent charpy impact toughness at-50°C. The high strength and toughness of plate is attributed to the microstructure formed due to TMCP rolling conditions, which basically constitutes polygonal and acicular ferrite along with fi ne distribution of martensite-austenite (M-A). The response of microstructure to further tempering treatment was also correlated with considerable increment in strength without affecting the toughness. This paper describes about the alloy concept and the control of microstructure during TMCP rolling and its response to tempering treatment.

2025

In the petroleum industry, still a major problem is the deposition of paraffin wax especially during exploitation in Deepwater field. This study is aimed at characterizing crude oil sample, understanding the characteristic of paraffin wax and testing the solubility of the precipitated wax in xylene and kerosene at different blend ratios. The crude oil sample which was obtained from Eleme community in Niger Delta, Nigeria, was characterized and the cloud point and pour point were obtained as 20 o C and 12 o C respectively. Results obtained from the solubility test shows that 100% Xylene dissolves 99.4% of the precipitated wax in 150 min and 90.1 % in 90 min. While for same quantity 100% kerosene shows solubility of 35.4% in 150 min and 26.2% in 90 min which implies that xylene although expensive is a better solvent for paraffin wax cleanup when compared to kerosene. At different xylene – kerosene blend ratios, the blend of 70:30%, Xylene: Kerosene mixture also gave an excellent resul...

2025, Journal of Scientific Engineering Advances (J.of Sci Eng Advances)

The article provides information on the brief history of the petrochemical industry in Azerbaijan, including offshore oil and gas extraction. Sources of danger in the petrochemical and gas extraction industry and aspects of life safety in general are determined. The article shows that the safety of life depends more on the human factor and oil the effect of the application of new technologies in gas extraction on the environment, including the field of labor protection and technical safety, was investigated. In this article, we have tried to find out about the specific risks of oil and gas production, especially the work carried out in the sea. Also, measures to reduce specific risks that may occur during production and processing and general risk assessment have been reviewed.

2025, Adoranten

This paper examines the megalithic art found within the Middle Bronze Age Zurtaketi Kurgans of the South Caucasus. The kurgans, dating to the Trialeti culture (ca. 2000-1700 BCE), showcase a variety of engraved motifs, including geometric patterns, zoomorphic figures, and depictions of dwellings. Similar carvings found across the South Caucasus likely held symbolic or ritual significance and reflect broader megalithic tradition throughout the region. The analysis of these designs offers insights into the cultural and religious beliefs of the Trialeti communities during the Bronze Age.

2025

The article shows that due to the increasing capacities of production and large-scale oil-gas projects in the Caspian Region, the problems of ecological safety must be of top priority.

2025, unpublished

Suriname is emerging as a significant new player in the oil and gas sector following recent offshore discoveries. There is a strategic opportunity for Trinidad and Tobago to strengthen energy cooperation and deepen regional integration through the transport and processing of hydrocarbons from Suriname. This brief assesses the feasibility of constructing a direct pipeline between Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago for transporting crude oil and natural gas and presents realistic alternative transport options based on current technology, infrastructure capacity, and economic viability.

2025, Oil-Industry History (USA)

The International prizes established by Alfred Nobel are renowned worldwide and the subject of intense interest. In contrast, a prize established in Baku (Azerbaijan) to honour Alfred’s nephew, Emanuel Nobel, had been all but forgotten until schlars in Azerbaijan unearthed material about the prize. The article below has been abridged for EPM from report by author, presented at the Branobel Conference in Stockholm in September 2013. The Baku Emmanuel Nobel Prize was established in November 1904, during Emanuel’s lifetime, by the Baku Branch of the Imperial Russian Technical Society (BB IRTS).

2025

Offshore pipelines and risers constructed from carbon steel have reduced levels of performance when operating in a sour environment. Characterizing material properties i.e. fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rates, in aggressive corroding environment require experimental data. KISCC was suggested as the fracture toughness in the engineering critical assessment (ECA) to derive the acceptance criteria of the root flaw location in the inner surface of the pipeline. It was well known this methodology is over conservative. In this paper, the procedure for the Single Edge Notch Tensile (SENT) specimen fracture toughness testing of the pipeline girth weld in a sour (H2S containing) environment was proposed and the test results were discussed. Based on the fracture toughness tested in sour service environment, the ECA procedure was suggested and used successfully in practice. Because the conservatism was reduced, then less repair, faster installation and therefore less cost can be ...

2025

Pipe welding procedures I by Hoobasar Rampaul.••2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 0•8311•3141•1 1. Pipe--Weldinge. I. Title.

2025, Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering

External corrosion assessments of pipeline systems encompass two critical factors: time and space (location). Field measurement databases, laboratory testing, and theoretical prediction studies have been reported, based on continuous monitoring, survey and on-site characterization techniques, and controlled and simulated laboratory-scale environment studies. Theoretical models have identified several critical factors in assessing external corrosion for buried structures at different scales. This work presents a review of critical parameters for characterizing, modeling, and assessing the corrosion process in buried pipelines. A multiscale approach is used to integrate factors identified from field measurements, laboratory testing, and data-driven and computer-based models. Furthermore, we elucidate the importance of macro parameters and the influence of their spatial distribution on the initiation and propagation of local corrosion mechanisms with their corresponding local (micro scale) conditions. This work also reviews the critical parameters and approaches used for deterministic, semi-empirical, probabilistic, and data-driven modeling, defining the scope of global versus local factors for external corrosion at the soil/steel pipeline interface.

2025, International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research

Programmed Transmission Liquid (ATF) could be a hydraulic liquid that's fundamental for the correct functioning of vehicles prepared with programmed transmissions. As a rule, it is coloured ruddy or green to distinguish it from engine oil and other liquids within the vehicle. In acest articol am determinat patru modele reologice care descriu comportarea uleiului DXTIII obtinute prin fitare exponentiala a datelor experimentale. Uleiul a fost studiat cu rheometer MCR302.

2025

AWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and... more

2025

Petroleum and natural gas industries-Steel pipe for pipeline transportation systems Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel-Tubes en acier pour les systèmes de transport par conduites

2025, SYNTECO Inc. Whitepaper

This whitepaper examines how modularization reshapes the landscape of gas processing, compression, refining, and distributed power generation. It highlights the advantages of modular plants in reducing CAPEX, accelerating deployment, enhancing operational flexibility, and diversifying project risks. These trends are redefining investment strategies and infrastructure development across emerging and mature energy markets worldwide.

2025

This paper describes the selection of the most important technical installations already operating or planned in the Baltic Sea. It highlights maritime regulations related to these installations and describes current practices utilized for the preparation of environmental impact assessments (EIa). It assumes that there is an adequate international legal system for protection of the Baltic natural environment. however, it points out some cases when this legal system does not sufficiently work, particularly during the process of EIa preparation.

2025, ournal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

Based on the results of theoretical research, a computational scheme has been developed that allows the establishment of normative-technical documents for the organization and technological decision-making in the exploitation of main gas pipelines. The study extensively explores the dynamic behavior of processes for the supply of modern automatic devices for gas pipelines and the use of an efficient automated control system. The analytical determination of the optimal time for transition processes has been widely applied to ensure the high reliability of pipeline transportation and the most favorable operating conditions for the system. Methods for calculating complex transient processes in main gas pipelines, from non-stationary to stationary modes, have been utilized when gas ingress occurs in a non-stationary regime. A comparison of mathematical expressions for calculating transient processes in complex main gas pipelines has been conducted through theoretical sources.

2025, Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal (CEIJ)

Analytical methods presented to analyze the buried steel pipelines at strikeslip fault crossing use the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The cross-section of a buried pipe that is completely surrounded by soil cannot rotate freely and would not be remained perpendicular to the bending line after deformation. So it would be better to take into consideration a rotation between the cross-section and the bending line. The developed model improves the existing methodologies by using the Timoshenko beam theory and considering the shear deformations as a refinement to the existing methodologies. The proposed model results are compared with the results of an existing analytical model and it is found that the maximum bending and axial strains decrease with taking into consideration the shear deformations. Furthermore, it is shown that the difference between the results of models increases with an increase in the burial depth.

2025, NEW TECHNOLOGIES – FOR GREAT SPACE. XXI INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE CONFERENCE OF KHARKIV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MILITARY FORCES NAMED AFTER IVAN KOZHEDUB. Theses of the testimony. 09 – 10 April 2025. p.456

This article investigates the technical safety challenges and risk mitigation strategies essential for the secure and reliable operation of pipeline systems. Serving as critical infrastructure for the transportation of oil, gas, and other resources, pipelines are increasingly exposed to threats such as corrosion, material fatigue, seismic activity, mechanical damage, and cyber-attacks—particularly those targeting SCADA-based control systems. The paper emphasizes the need for a comprehensive
safety framework that integrates preventive maintenance, real-time monitoring, and advanced diagnostic technologies.

2025, Spektra: Jurnal Fisika Dan Aplikasinya

Research has been carried out to map and identify the potential for soil corrosion for the planning of cathodic gas pipeline protection systems. The research location is located in Cimanggis-Bitung, West Java, which is located at coordinates 6 o 19'00 "-6 o 28'00" South Latitude and 106 o 43'00 "-106 o 55'30" East Longitude. Measurement of soil resistivity using the Wenner method that refers to ASTM G37, with variations in the distance of 0,75m, 1,50m, 2,50m and 6,00m with the number of measuring points as many as 185 points. Based on the results of data processing and soil resistivity interpretation seen that there are several locations that have low to extreme corrosion levels. Therefore, for these locations, technical planning and calculation for the protection of the pipeline to be installed is necessary.

2025, Institut de Relations Internationales et Stratégiques

In the turbulent waters of the Mediterranean Sea, the partnership between Algeria and Italy has remained consistent, in spite of the adversities. Significantly reinforced after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, bilateral ties between Algiers and Rome are certainly motivated by pipeline politics, which have pushed Italian governments of different political orientation to diversify energy supplies away from Russia. On the other hand, warm ties with Rome have provided Algeria with a renewed opportunity to market its oil and gas resources to the West, reinforcing its traditional non-aligned stance in diplomacy despite the strategic partnership with Moscow. A win-win situation in an increasingly fragmented region, where growing polarisation has sidelined traditional actors such as France, due to the stiff competition with Italy in the Maghreb and the zero-sum game going on between Algeria and Morocco, particularly on the Western Sahara conflict

2025, Results in Engineering

Environmentally sustainable development needs techniques and tools to quantify and compare human activities environmental impacts for numerous products and services. However, providing products and services to society contributes to a variety of environmental consequences commonly known as environmental impacts. The environmental impact involves the consumption of resources, emissions into the environment, and other interventions like land use, ecotoxicity, etc. To develop environmentally conscious pipeline projects or infrastructure, the environmental impacts of its entire service life must be known. Besides, the life cycle assessment (LCA) is the most advanced tool for assessing the environmental impacts of the entire life of any product or service. The aim of this study is to review the environmental impact of different pipeline networks with different materials on which LCA has been performed. In order to see which phases of the life cycle of pipeline networks and which pipeline materials have higher energy consumption and have major environmental impacts. It has been noticed that the use/operational phase contributes the most to global warming potential (GWP) and has the greatest amount of energy consumption, which is concerning and cannot be overlooked. Now there is a need for some alternative approaches to pipeline networks for a sustainable future.

2025

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0401779789 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 779 Hydrological Simulation of a Pancheshwer Basin using SWAT CUP Model Harish Kumar Dwivedi, Hardeep Maurya, Keshav Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Kumar, Shakti Suryavanshi 1 Research Scholar, Department of civil engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 2 Research Scholar, Department of civil engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 4 Assistant Professor, Centre for Geospatial Technologies, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh *Corresponding Author: Harish Kumar Dwivedi

2025, THE ENERGY POLITICS OF CENTRAL ASIAN STATES: SEEKING NEW TRANSIT ROUTES FOR OIL AND GAS AFTER THE FULL-SCALE RUSSIAN MILITARY INVASION OF UKRAINE

Since Russia launched its full-scale military aggression against Ukraine on February 24, 2022, global energy politics has experienced significant shifts. Until that point, Russia played a pivotal role in supplying energy to European countries. However, the Russian aggression has prompted Western nations to seek alternative sources of oil and gas, including from Central Asia - a geographically isolated region with no direct connection to Western markets. Amid these geopolitical changes, the development of alternative routes to the West, bypassing Russian territory, has become a shared interest for both Europe and Central Asian nations. In the short term, the most viable alternative is the South Caucasus Energy Corridor, which already facilitates the transportation of Caspian resources
to Western markets via Azerbaijan and Georgia. This article explores the changes in Central Asian energy policies since 2022, the steps taken to develop alternative oil and gas transportation routes, and the challenges that exist in this regard.

2025

AC and DC Current Inference through cross country pipelines

2025

This document specifies requirements for the manufacture of two product specification levels (PSL 1 and PSL 2) of seamless and welded steel pipes

2025, Policy Paper

When addressing the issues surrounding transport corridors, it is essential to consider the nature of the globalization process. The Central Asian countries are interested in developing transport corridors. This primarily concerns the Chinese BRI, as well as INSTC. The BRI’s Northern Corridor is blocked due to Russia’s war in Ukraine and the West’s economic sanctions against Russia. As for the Southern Corridor, Iran’s role becomes more significant, as this corridor intersects with the INSTC in Iran itself, conflicting with the interests of the West in the region. As a result, the role of the Middle Corridor grows, which goes against the interests of Russia and Iran. However, they are unlikely to openly oppose China’s interests in this matter. Europe’s interest in the Central Corridor is undeniable. However, the United States seems more focused on developing the IMEC transport corridor, and has shown limited interest in Central Asia and its transport routes, a situation that calls for a significant shift in approach. Based on the need to ensure the resilience of global supply chains, the transition from an approach of “alternative” transport corridors to an approach of “complementarity” is of great importance.

2025

This paper was selected for presentation by the ADIPEC program Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the ADIPEC or its members.

2025

Commissioning activities are those undertaken after pre-commissioning to verify the functionality of equipment. Pre-commissioning encompasses of activities to ensure transition between the mechanical completion and commissioning/startup of process plants and pipelines. The contrast between pre-commissioning and commissioning is distinguished. The pre-commissioning phase includes three main types of activities a) conformity checks, b) static (or) de-energized tests and c) piping tests; whereas the commissioning phase comprise of activities such as a) dynamic verification, b) testing with substitute fluids for start-up, c) piping and vessels start up. In this paper it is explained further more on air blowing, steam blowing methods including mechanical & chemical methods and dewatering & drying of process plants and pipelines.

2025, Trinkets

The Piping Engineering Course in Mumbai meets these criteria, offering stable job prospects and competitive salaries. With industries continuously expanding and modernizing, there is a steady increase in the demand for skilled piping... more

2025

Cyclic plastic deformation behaviour of 316 L steel with an average grain size ~ 30 μm was investigated at high temperature (873 K) under completely reversed straining at ±0.5 % strain amplitude with a constant total strain rate of 3 × 10-3 S-1. Maximum true tensile stress initially increased due to cyclic hardening until 100 cycles, then stress saturation occurred and finally failed at 1250 cycles. Deformation microstructure varied significantly with imposed fatigue cycles. Occurrence of planar glide and isolated dislocation walls were observed in the initial hardening stage, while dislocation walls accompanied by connected equiaxed dislocation cells were predominant in the saturation stage. The deformation microstructure at failure stage mainly composed of elongated dislocation cells and diffusive dislocation walls. Dislocation densities estimated by X-ray diffraction were ~ 10 13 m-2 .

2025, NATO 4th Maritime Security Conference Proceedings

This working paper argues that while undersea cables are largely owned and operated by private conglomerates, the transnationality of data being transferred between various nations should be seen enough for using the 'sovereign rights' clause for their protection in the EEZ, Archipelagic waters and High Seas. It invokes the United Nations Convention for the Laws of the Seas that provides rights to the coastal states in these maritime zones. Data flowing in and out of a country needs to be seen as a sovereign property that travels through the undersea cables that would allow states to build their domestic and regional laws and mechanisms. This would also allow like-minded nations to pool their resources and form undersea cables protection task forces that can preemptively avoid an attack, espionage, and damage from state or non-state actors and also legislate against the perpetrators as a remedial measure. In case of damage to the cable, the task force can help safeguard the civilian repair ships that might have to operate in unstable or unfavourable natural or geopolitical conditions. As an additional measure, this paper also suggests that maritime law enforcement agencies of the nations and also at the transnational level must attempt to be members of the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC), a multinational organization that protects the world's submarine cables.

2025, Ertugrul Altun

The evolution of global power dynamics, driven by industrialization and resource competition, has shaped the modern world's economic and political landscape. Since the 19th century, increasing demand for raw materials has fueled... more

2025

Paraffin deposition is one of the major production related issues which incurs huge financial losses to petroleum industry worldwide. The aim of this paper is to provide in-depth knowledge of paraffin deposition issues. Paraffins are responsible for deposition in pipeline during production and transportation along with mechanism of paraffin deposition and factors affecting wax formation are also critically reviewed. Efficient and cost-effective solutions of paraffin deposition are analyzed and supported by some experimental data.

2025, Caspian - Alpine Society

The strategic importance of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TCITR) has grown in recent years, paralleling geopolitical and economic developments on both global and regional scales. Against the backdrop of global logistics markets adapting to new conditions, the development of this multifaceted transport route, which encompasses transit states in Central Eurasia such as Azerbaijan, Türkiye, Kazakhstan, and Georgia, has become a priority for many nations and multinational corporations. Following prolonged delays in traditional transport and logistics corridors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Trans-Caspian Corridor began to gain prominence in global freight transport. Its importance was further highlighted after the escalation of the Russia-Ukraine war, creating new long-term opportunities for the sustained development of this multimodal trans-regional route. Established in 2013 in Astana with the formation of the "Coordination Committee for the Development of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route" by the governments of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Kazakhstan, TCITR is often considered a rival to the Trans-Siberian railway, the main rail link between Europe and China. This logistics channel, starting at the China-Kazakhstan border, utilizes rail and maritime transport to traverse Kazakhstan, the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Türkiye, extending to Europe's eastern borders. The first intercontinental test shipments via container VUSAL GULIYEV JANUARY 2, 2025

2025

Resumo: É proposta uma sistemática para a especificação de tolerâncias dimensionais e geométricas de produção para peças plásticas de engenharia, com base na utilização de dados históricos de medição de peças similares. Os critérios para definição de peças e características similares são baseados no sistema de pontuação da DIN 16742. Aspectos metrológicos exercem papel essencial na sistemática por influenciar diretamente a confiabilidade dos dados armazenados e a atribuição de tolerâncias. Destaca-se como principal benefício da proposta, a otimização potencial das tolerâncias especificadas frente aos processos produtivos efetivamente empregados. Palavras-chave: especificação de tolerâncias; tolerâncias dimensionais e geométricas; peças plásticas de engenharia; peças similares; dados históricos de medição.

2025, Susan Neiman, Michael Wildt (Hrsg.): Historiker streiten. Gewalt und Holocaust – die Debatte

2025

This report analyzes the prospects of the Caspian Sea region — and its key
actors except for Russia and Iran — becoming an important energy hub
serving the needs of the European Union (EU). In addition to conventional
means of energy (hydrocarbons), the paper explores new types of energy
supplies that include green hydrogen, solar and wind power. It addresses
the main research goal by analyzing both the resource potential of the
region in terms of meeting the EU’s energy needs and whether the EU
should engage with the regional actors and financially commit to expensive
and rather risky projects and initiatives.
The author argues that, even though the region boasts large potential
in both conventional and non-conventional energy resources, the EU
strengthening and deepening of its integration with the Caspian Sea region,
in terms of business and trade, entails many risks, both inherent to the
region itself and emanating from other players that are, in one way or
another, involved in the region’s affairs and intend to do so.

2025, Processes

We characterize the long-term development of high-viscosity gas–liquid intermittent flows by means of a detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). To this end, the pressures measured at different locations along an ad hoc experimental flow line are compared. We then analyze the relevant time-series to determine the evolution of the various kinds of intermittent flow patterns associated with the mixtures under consideration. Although no pattern transitions are observed in the presence of high-viscosity mixtures, we show that the dynamical attributes of each kind of intermittence evolves from one point to another within the transport system. The analysis indicates that the loss of a long-range correlation between the pressure responses are due to the discharge processes.

2025, Results in Engineering

This paper introduces an online approach based on a nonlinear state observer (NSO) to calibrate the roughness of each pipe within a water distribution network (WDN) or a sector thereof. The NSO is designed to obtain the estimations of pipes' friction factors, which are then used to estimate the roughness. The core of the NSO is a dynamic WDN model formulated through a structured set of ordinary differential equations derived from fundamental physical principles and taking advantage of both graph theory and rigid water column theory. By applying a coordinate transformation, the WDN model is represented as a fully connected network of damped nonlinear oscillators, with each oscillator formulated as a Liénard system. This representation allows for estimating the friction factors for each pipe using only flow rate information. The proposed approach facilitates a continuous calibration when hydrodynamic data are readily accessible, which is a capability that empowers engineers to enhance, concurrently or proactively, the day-today operations of water distribution networks, such as control or diagnose tasks, whenever data are available. The results of numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the practical utility of the proposed method.

2025, Baltic Region

The Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project (NS 2) along the bottom of the Baltic Sea is aimed to increase gas supply from Russia to Germany and other EU countries. It serves mutual economic interests: the predicted growth in gas demand in the EU markets and the need to strengthen the energy security of the EU. The implementation of the NS 2 project is complicated by the need to allow for the EU energy legislation and by the expanding influence of geopolitical factors on EU – Russia cooperation, including those stemming from the aggressive US energy diplomacy seeking to prevent the project from being successful and thus promoting the geopolitical interests of Washington. In this work, we aim to study the economic and geopolitical stances taken by the project’s supporters and opponents and to evaluate the prospects of NS 2. To this end, we carry out a factor analysis and employ the methods of economic, statistical and geopolitical analysis.We conclude that the project is high on the agend...

2025, „Anuarul Muzeului Naţional al Marinei Române – 2022”, tom XXV, Editura Muzeului Naţional al Marinei Române, Constanţa, 2022, p. 272-284

In our study we aimed to refer to the basic documents of energy policy in the COMECON, coordinated by the Soviet authorities in the cases of states intereted by the oil supplied through „Friendship” pipeline and by the Soviet gas from the deposits discovered in the area Orenburg. The special position of the Romanian authorities towards those projects created big problems in the Romanian economy, especially in the 1980s.

2025

The implementation of new technologies for Pipeline Integrity like 3D Scanner, Conductivity EMI based Meter and Pipeline Simulator, have conducted to dramatically increase the margin of the productive process in hydrocarbon transportation systems, reducing its losses and
making timely intervention decisions. This technological implementation, developed and coworked with one of the leading Oil&Gas companies in Peru, have allowed to pipeline operator's staff begin to take over and continue this implementation towards its technological maturity, with the consolidation of
services which involve all the stakeholders of the midstream chain.