Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Oral Health and Dentistry

This review explores digital pathology, looking into how it began, how it evolved, and what the future holds for this technology. It also discusses the factors limiting digital imaging adoption and the way they can be overcome. The main traditional approach for diagnosing diseases in anatomical pathology is light microscopy. Digital imaging was introduced

2024, The Saint's International Dental Journal

Introduction: Psychosomatic factor-like depression and depressive symptoms play an important role in the causation of different forms of mucosal changes among which one of them is oral lichen planus (OLP). Oral diseases may be a direct expression of emotions or conflicts. The research aimed to provide a precise estimate by assessing anxiety, depression, and stress in OLP patients and lichenoid reaction (LR) as compared to healthy controls using a self-report scale questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This methodological cross-sectional study comprised of 150 subjects, 50 normal healthy controls (control), 50 patients with OLP, and 50 patients with LR were recruited. The outcome measures of this study were done with pretested, prestructured 21 multiple-choice questions designed to evaluate depression, stress, anxiety levels were assessed using respectively Beck Anxiety Questionnaire, Beck Depression Questionnaire, and Holmes and Rahe Stress Inventory Scales depending on how the questions were answered at the time of presentation (enrolment). Results: The mean anxiety, depression, and stress scores were significantly (P <0.001) different and higher in both OLP and LR groups as compared to the control group. However, mean anxiety, depression, and stress scores were found similar (P >0.05) between the OLP and LR groups. Conclusion: The present study's findings may help direct future management strategies for the patient with OLP and LR. It also helps to understand the patient's behavior in respect of anxiety, depression, and stress. Ministry of health and family welfare – Dental Education should enhance dentistry and give training on how to screen anxiety and depression among Oral disease patients and should develop guidelines to screen and treat depression and anxiety among such patients.

2024, Advances in Dentistry & Oral Health

Cytokines (Greek "cyto-", cell; and "-kinos", movement) are a family of signaling molecules that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and many other cellular processes. TNF-α is considered as one of the adipokines which are group of over 600 bioactive molecules produced by adipose tissue that [6,7] acts as paracrine and endocrine hormones. When adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction are established, adipokine secretion is significantly changed toward a diabetogenic, proinflammatory and atherogenic pattern. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in inflammatory reaction, alveolar bone resorption, and the loss of connective tissue attachment. It is positively correlated with Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor kappa [8-10] ligand (RANKL) expression.

2024, Folia Morphologica

Knowledge of anatomic variations concerning head and neck veins is important to surgeons performing interventions in these regions, as well as to radiologists. The retromandibular vein is used as a guide to expose the facial nerve branches inside the parotid gland, during parotid surgery and open reduction of mandibular condyle fractures. It is also used as a landmark for localisation of the nerve and compartmentalisation of parotid gland lesions preoperatively, during computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and sonography. In this paper, the anomalous retromandibular vein's course on the left side of a male cadaver is described. The vein was formed around the nerve, while the maxillary vein travelled medial to the facial nerve branches and superficial to the superficial temporal vein. Interestingly, the facial nerve temporofacial division crossed again the superficial temporal vein upwards, forming a "nerve fork". The incidence of the reported variability of the relationship between the retromandibular vein and the facial nerve are discussed with a detailed literature review. Accordingly, the typical deep position of the retromandibular vein in relation to the facial nerve is estimated to 88.17% to all sides. Furthermore, an updated classification system is proposed, including 4 types and subtypes.

2024, Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports

E xternal jugular vein is formed by the junction of the posterior division of retromandibular vein with posterior auricular vein within parotid gland. 1-3 This vein collects the greater part of the venous blood in the exterior part of the cranium and in the deep parts of the face. 1 External jugular vein arises from within the parotid gland on a level with the angle of the mandible. Then, by running down perpendicularly, it crosses the sternocleidomastoid muscle superficially in the way that it will run between the superficial and deep fascia. It ends in the subclavian vein Unusual Terminations of the External Jugular Vein and Cephalic Vein: Case Report A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T During the routine cadaver dissection we performed in the dissection laboratory of our department, it was observed that on the male adult cadaver aged 60, the different termination patterns of external jugular vein in the left neck region and cephalic vein in the upper left extremity were different. It was monitored that of external jugular vein in the left neck region of the cadaver joined with suprascapular vein from the left scapular region, that they constituted a common venous trunk and that this common venous trunk communicated with the left venous angle. Separately, cephalic vein in the upper left extremity was determined to end in of external jugular vein in the neck region, instead of axillary vein. We are of the opinion that having the knowledge of these variations that we have described about external jugular vein and cephalic vein will be of use to the surgeons, radiologists and anesthetists involved in this region. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Cadaver; veins Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Anabilim dalımız diseksiyon laboratuarında yaptığımız rutin kadavra diseksiyonu sırasında 60 yaşlarında erişkin erkek kadavranın sol boyun bölgesindeki v. jugularis externa'nın ve sol üst ekstremitesindeki v. cephalica'nın sonlanma şekillerinin farklı olduğu gözlendi. Kadavranın sol boyun bölgesindeki v. jugularis externa'nın sol skapular bölgeden gelen v. suprascapularis'le birleşerek ortak bir ven kütüğü oluşturduğu ve bu ortak ven kütüğünün angulus venosus sinister'e açıldığı izlendi. Ayrıca sol üst ekstremitedeki v. cephalica'nın v. axillaris yerine boyun bölgesinde v. jugularis externa'ya açıldığı tespit edildi. Kadavranın sağ boyun bölgesindeki v. jugularis externa'nın ve sağ üst ekstremitesindeki v. cephalica'nın seyri normal olarak tespit edildi. Daha önceki literatürleri incelediğimizde v. jugularis externa ve v. cephalica ile ilgili değişik çalışmalar tanımlanmıştır. V. jugularis externa ve v. cephalica ile ilgili tanımladığımız bu varyasyonlarının bilinmesinin bu bölge ile ilgilenen cerrahlara, radyologlara ve anestezistlere faydalı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.

2024, Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences

Aim: Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lips traces. The aim of this study is to establish the uniqueness of lip prints which aids in personal identification. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised of 200 subjects.The materials used were dark-colored lipstick, paper, cellophane tape, a brush, and a magnifying lens. Results: This study shows that lip prints are unique and permanent for each individual, and the lip prints among family members and between twins revealed different patterns on the whole with few similar grooves suggesting the existence of heredity in the lip prints. Conclusion: Our study showed that lip prints are unique to each individual and can be used for personal identification.

2024, Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences

2024, Journal of South Asian Association of Pediatric Dentistry

For 6 days, a daily dose of 40 mg of prednisolone was advised, decreased by 10 mg every 3 days. He was also advised for physiotherapy of facial muscles. Case Two This case involves a 14-year-old female who presented to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry in one of the dental colleges of Kathmandu with a chief complaint of a "twisted smile for 1 week." She also noticed difficulties in drinking water without spilling and drooling from the right corner of her mouth. She was anxious about the condition because she works as a model. Examination revealed loss of right nasolabial fold, absence of wrinkle on the right forehead while raising an eyebrow, incomplete

2024

Facial vein is the main vein of the face. Though its origin is constant, it frequently shows variations in its termination. We report a rare type of variation of facial vein. The right facial vein coursed transversely across the masseter, superficial to the parotid duct and entered into the substance of the parotid gland, at its anterior border. Deep dissection of the gland revealed the abnormal termination of facial vein into the superficial temporal vein. The transverse facial vein drained into the facial vein. The superficial temporal vein after receiving the facial vein continued as retromandibular vein. Knowledge of this anomalous course and termination of facial vein may be important for the surgeons doing parotid, maxillofacial and plastic surgeries.

2024, OA Anatomy

Conclusion Absence of EJV and the abnormal pattern of drainage of veins in the neck reported here are very rare. Awareness of these venous variations is vital for the surgeons to avoid any intraoperative trial or error during surgical... more

2023, Dentistry

the healthy periodontium. It contains different substances including: immunoglobulin, microorganisms, toxins, cells, and lysosomal enzymes and markers. GCF is regarded as a window for non-invasive analysis of periodontal [11-14] conditions, including markers of connective tissue and bone destruction. Evaluation of the molecular markers of tissue destruction in serum was sought to clarify the possible interactions between periodontitis and various systemic diseases and conditions such as gestational diabetes mellitus GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes). Serum provides information about the inflammatory stimulus and the response generated in circulation towards the periodontal [15,16]. Pathogens that colonize the sub-gingival area. The present study was conducted to evaluate the levels of TNF-α in GCF and serum in chronic periodontitis patients with or without GDM before and after phase I (non-surgical) periodontal therapy and its correlation to periodontal clinical parameters.

2023, Anatomy & Cell Biology

Veins of the head and neck exhibiting anatomical variations or malformations are clinically significant. Anatomical variation in the external jugular vein is very common. However, anatomical variation in the retromandibular vein is rare. In this paper, we report a rare case of complete absence of the retromandibular vein. In the absence of the retromandibular vein, the maxillary vein divided into anterior and posterior divisions. The posterior division joined the superficial temporal vein to form an atypical external jugular vein, and the anterior division joined the facial vein to form an anonymous vein. In clinical practice, radiologists and surgeons use the retromandibular vein as a guide to expose the branches of the facial nerve during superficial parotidectomy. Therefore, absence of the retromandibular vein is a hurdle during this procedure and may affect the venous drainage pattern from the head and neck.

2023, Dentistry Journal

It is known that cortisol level increases in stress situations. The aim of the study was to measure the levels of salivary cortisol in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and healthy controls. This was a case-control pilot study which included seven patients with reticular (non-symptomatic) OLP, eight patients with atrophic/erosive (symptomatic) OLP, and nine healthy controls. We hypothesized that patients with an atrophic/erosive type of OLP have higher levels of cortisol compared to patients with the reticular type of OLP and healthy controls. In each participant, unstimulated saliva was collected in order to determine cortisol levels by using commercially available ELISA kit. Our results have shown no differences between levels of salivary cortisol in OLP patients and healthy controls. We can conclude that further research with a larger number of OLP patients is needed to determine the correlation between OLP and stress.

2023, Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

The relationship of facial nerve (FN) and its branches with the retromandibular vein (RMV) has been described in adults, whereas there is no data in the literature regarding this relationship in fetuses. The study was conducted to evaluate the anatomic relationships of these structures on 61 hemi-faces of fetuses with a mean age of 26.5 AE 4.9 weeks with no visible facial abnormalities. The FN trunk was identified at its emergence at the stylomastoid foramen. It was traced till its ramification within the parotid gland. In 46 sides, FN trunk ramified before crossing RMV and ran lateral to it, while in 8 sides FN trunk ramified on the lateral aspect of the RMV. In 3 sides, FN trunk ramified after crossing the RMV at its medial aspect. In only 1 side, FN trunk trifurcated as superior, middle, and inferior divisions and RMV lied anterior to FN trunk, lateral to superior division, medial to middle and inferior divisions. In 2 sides, FN trunk bifurcated as superior and inferior divisions. Retromandibular vein was located anterior to FN trunk, medial to superior division, lateral to inferior division in both of them. In 1 side, RMV ran medial to almost all branches, except the cervical branch of FN. Variability in the relationship of FN and RMV in fetuses as presented in this study is thought to be crucial in surgical procedures particularly in early childhood.

2023, Journal of South Asian Association of Pediatric Dentistry

2023, The Saint's International Dental Journal

Background: In the lateral cephalogram, the sella turcica, a saddle-shaped concavity in the middle cranial fossa on the intracranial surface of the sphenoid bone, is clearly visible. Since it is utilized for forensic analysis, gender determination, and age determination, it is an excellent source of further diagnostic data regarding the estimation of the average sella turcica dimension and morphological variance in various age groups and genders. Aim: This study aims to determine the average dimension and morphological variations of the sella turcica in different age and gender groups on lateral cephalogram. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs from patients 18 years or older. Linear Measurements: The length, depth, and anteroposterior diameter of the Sella Turcica were measured using the Silverman and Kisling methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA test and unpaired sample t-test. Results: In the present study, age-wise comparison of the linear measurement of sella turcica was not statistically significant in accordance with age with parameter P ≤ 0.05. Among the linear measurement, the parameter depth and diameter had statistically significant differences using parameter P ≤ 0.05 and unpaired t-test with gender. In gender-wise comparison, females tend to have higher sella turcica measurements than males. Conclusion: There was a statistically nonsignificant relation between age, and length, depth, and A-P diameter. There were statistically significant differences between sella turcica depth and diameter with genders.

2023, The Saint's International Dental Journal

2023, Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ

Facial region is drained by the maxillary, facial and superficial temporal veins. In the present case, retromandibular venous junction divided into anterior and posterior divisions immediately after its formation and a common venous channel was formed between internal jugular and anterior jugular veins where facial, lingual and submental veins drained.

2023, Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research

Background: Oral lichen planus is a common, chronic autoimmune mucocutaneous disease which can affect oral mucosa with varying presentation from keratotic to erosive, ulcerative or bullous lesions. Factors such as stress have been mentioned as etiologic factors in lichen planus, but there is still controversy concerning the role of stress as a major etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of lichen planus. We aim to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with oral lichen planus and to estimate the level of psychological stress in patients with oral lichen planus compared to asymptomatic control group. Methods: A pilot study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College, Kottayam. All new patients with clinical diagnosis of OLP were included as cases along with age and sex matched control group.The experimental group consisted of OLP subjects (n=20) and control group consisted of apparently healthy general Out Patient Department (OPD) patients (n=20). The Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale was used to evaluate psychosocial stress. Results: The study included 20 OLP patients aged 34-76 years (mean age 56.80) with male to female ratio of 1.5: 3.5. The mean stress score among cases based on Holmes and Rahe Stress scale was found to be 182.50 (moderate risk) and controls was 118.40 (low risk). The p value was not found to be significant between cases and controls to prove association between OLP and stress based on Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale. Conclusion: The mean stress score was found to be high in the OLP group compared to control group. However based on this pilot study it cannot be concluded that OLP onset is significantly associated with stress. Hence further studies are recommended with larger population sample in order to attain definitive conclusions.

2023, The Saint's International Dental Journal

2023, Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ

2023, Journal of Gynecology and Womens Health

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal tissue that is often found in the oral cavity. 20-50% of the world's population experiences periodontitis. Pregnant women tend to experience higher alveolar bone resorption due to the changes in estrogen levels. Pregnant women with preeclampsia experience an increase in TNF-α compared to pregnant women in normal circumstances. TNF-α is a protein that can be used as a detection for tissue damage. Objective: To know the role of TNF-α of saliva as an early detection of periodontitis to prevent the severity of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Discussion: Periodontitis shows an increase in TNF-α. The higher TNF-α level is found in pregnant women than in postpartum condition. TNF-α levels can worsen the condition of pregnant women due to more inflammation and tissue damage. In preeclampsia, high TNF-α levels can also increase the severity of the condition. Conclusion: In Preeclampsia, there is an increase TNF-α levels which shows the tissue destruction. In pregnant women with periodontitis can make a worst condition to both the fetus and mother, especially in preeclampsia condition.

2023

Objective: Objective of study was to evaluate common pattern of lip prints among the MBBS 3 rd year students Study design: Observational Descriptive study Place and duration of study: The present study was conducted in the Avicenna Medical College Lahore in the department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology from February 2012 to April 2012 Materials and methods: Lip prints were collected from the subjects after obtaining their informed consent in the month of February-April 2012. A total of 100 MBBS, 3 rd year students of the Avicenna Medical College Lahore participated in the study. Lip prints were recorded on a white paper and each lip print was assigned by their serial numbers and roll no. of student. The Name and general information of the students like Age, Sex and Blood groups and Ethnicity were recorded on the Proforma. Patterns of lip prints were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. All the subjects were in the age range of 19-25 years consisting of...

2023, Academia Anatomica International

External jugular vein is the superficial vein of the neck and is prone to variations. Multiple internal jugular veins are incidental findings that present as a duplication or fenestration. We encountered a unilateral fenestrated internal jugular vein and a bilateral variation in the course of external jugular vein, during a cadaveric dissection. The external jugular vein, after its formation, crossed the sternocleidomastoid muscle and pierced the investing cervical fascia of the posterior triangle. It traversed deep to the inferior belly of omohyoid muscle to enter the subclavian triangle and terminated by draining into the subclavian vein on the left side, and at the angle between the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein on the right side. The fenestrated internal jugular vein on the left side divided into a small medial and large lateral division which reunited at the level of the tendon of omohyoid muscle and drained into the subclavian vein. Only the medial division of the internal jugular vein received tributaries in the neck. Awareness of the multiple variations of the jugular veins would be valuable during surgical approaches to the neck. Present report aims to be useful for vascular surgeons, radiologists, and intensivists as well.

2023, Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie

The study conducted on 60 human cadavers preserved in formalin, in the Anatomy Laboratory of the "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, during 2000-2006, observed the internal and external jugular veins from the point of view of their origin, course and affluents. The morphological variability of the jugular veins (external jugular that receives as affluents the facial and lingual veins and drains into the internal jugular, draining the latter's territory--3.33%; internal jugular that receives the lingual, upper thyroid and facial veins, independent--13.33%, via the linguofacial trunk--50%, and via thyrolinguofacial trunk--33.33%) made possible the correlation of these anomalies with disorders in the ontogenetic development of the veins of the neck. Knowing the variants of origin, course and drainage area of jugular veins is important not only for the anatomist but also for the surgeon operating at this level.

2023, Cureus

Background Sella turcica (ST) is a crucial structure that is morphologically situated in the median position and is wellutilised in cephalometrics. This saddle-shaped sella constitutes a significant radiographic landmark for various related analyses. Therefore, studying its varying dimensions in different populations is of utmost importance. This paper evaluates and compares the linear dimensions and morphological variations of ST in different facial skeletal classes in relation to age and gender using lateral cephalograms in the Sri Ganganagar population. Methodology The study population was selected through simple random sampling from the accessible population of the Sri Ganganagar district. A total of 180 participants of both genders were selected from patients who visited the outpatient clinic of the

2022

This is a case report of a rather rare disorder i.e. Ramsay Hunt syndrome. This is caused by Varicella zoster infections involving geniculate ganglion of facial nerve. This syndrome is manifested by the presence of blebs in the external auditory canal, ear ache, and lower motor neurone type of facial paralysis. This patient had excellent recovery following administration of oral steroids and acyclovir. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

2022, Journal of Gynecology and Womens Health

2022, Journal of Stomatology

The first quarter of the twentieth century, following the discovery of X-rays, was a promising time for radiology. It was a time of experimentation and laid the foundations for the science that brought about a radical change in healthcare. Professor Antoni Cieszyński, a Polish physician, dentist, and surgeon, who worked at the University of Lvov during this period, continues to be remembered for his contribution to dentistry as a whole and oral radiology in particular. The professor, accomplished much during a period that was ridden with strife, in a region that was prone to war, between people of different ethnic origins. Despite the odds, he went on to propose several techniques, across fields as varied as oral radiology, periodontology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery, with some of these techniques still being relevant today. As we pass through a century since the 'interbellum' , the period between the two world wars, when most of the professor's works were published, we cannot but forget his contributions to dentistry. This tribute serves as an introduction to his early life, his career achievements, and social activities-an inspiration for all of us to emulate, as the science passes through an era of three-dimensional imaging.

2022, Journal of Stomatology

2022, Journal of the Anatomical Society of India

2022, Open Forum Infectious Diseases

The purpose of this study was to describe and measure the size of sella turcica in subjects with different skeletal types. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 individuals (60 males and 60 females) with an age range of 11 to 26 years were taken and distributed according to skeletal classification: 40 class I (ANB: 20-40), 40 class II (ANB: >40), and 40 class III (ANB: <20). The sella turcica on each radiograph was analyzed and measured to determine the linear dimensions of length, depth, and diameter. Student's t-test was used to calculate differences in linear dimensions, while a one-way analysis of variance was performed to study the relationship between skeletal type and sella size. No significant differences in linear dimensions between genders could be found. When age was evaluated, significant differences were found between the older (15 years or more) and the younger (11-14 years) age groups at the 0.01 and 0.001 levels for length, depth, and diameter. Sella size of the older age group was larger than in the younger age group. When skeletal type was compared with sella size, a significant difference was found in the diameter of sella between the classes II and III subjects (p < 0.01). Larger diameter values were present in the skeletal class III subjects, while smaller diameter sizes were apparent in class II subjects (multiple comparison tests). When gender, age, and skeletal type were all compared with the size of the sella (regression analyses), age was significantly related to a change of length (p < 0.01) and diameter (p < 0.001).

2022, Journal of Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences

The pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) remains to be fully elucidated; however, certain psychoneurological factors may influence the onset and exacerbation of OLP. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the intensity of negative emotions in patients with OLP. A cross-sectional, questionnairebased study was performed. The sample consisted of 52 subjects, comprising 26 patients with OLP (OLP group) and 26 controls (CTRL group). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) was used for psychometric evaluation. The patients were also asked about their attitude toward the disease, treatment, and interference of the disease on daily life. The mean level of depression was 12.54 ± 6.6 in the OLP group and 7.69 ± 5.22 in the CTRL group (P = 0.006). The mean level of anxiety was 11.15 ± 7.95 in the OLP group and 6.62 ± 4.86 in the CTRL group (P = 0.018). The mean stress levels were 8.69 ± 7.06 and 3.85 ± 3.18 in the OLP and CTRL groups, respectively (P = 0.003). Severe and very severe scores of depression and very severe scores of anxiety and stress were present in the OLP group, whereas these emotions were normal in the majority of controls. Depression, stress, and anxiety may be involved in the pathogenesis and course of OLP.

2022, Journal of Stomatology

2022, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANATOMY RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY

ntroduction: The sella turcica is an important anatomical landmark used for the diagnosis of sellar and parasellar pathology and the evaluation of craniofacial morphology. Sella turcica varies greatly in healthy individuals and a deviation in size and shape can be an indication of the pathology of the pituitary and craniofacial abnormality. Aim: To assess the morphometry of the sella turcica among computed tomography scanned individuals in Soddo Christian Hospital, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to October 2019. The data were collected from 496 randomly selected head computed tomography scanned images of individuals who visited the hospital from September 2018 to August 2019. Sella dimension was measured using the radiant DICOM viewer. Independent samples t-test was conducted to compare means among sex and one-way ANOVA was applied to compare the means among age groups. Results: The overall ...

2022, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANATOMY RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY

2022, CODS Journal of Dentistry

A case report of recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis with special reference to the role of cytology in diagnosis

2022, Journal of Hard Tissue Biology

The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology and measure the size of the sella turcica in Iraqi population and compared with available global data. Computed Tomography (CT) images of 71 individuals (49 males and 22 females) with an age range of 33.9 years were taken. Conventional measurements included three different heights of the sella turcica (anterior, posterior, median), its length, diameter and width, measured in relation to the Frankfort reference line (FH). In addition, the area of sella turcica was calculated. Morphometric methods were used to assess shape. Multiple statistical analyses were done to calculate differences in dimensions and to establish if any relationship exists between age, sex and the morphometry of the sella turcica. No significant differences in size of the sella were found between genders. When age was evaluated, all dimensions showed positive correlation with the age. Sella size of the older age group was as a rule larger than the younger age. The study found that sella turcica presented with a three different shapes: in a U shape (50.7 %), in a J shape (32.4 %) and shallow (16.9 %). Sella shape and dimensions reported in the current study can be used for discovering pathological enlargement of the pituitary fossa and may also be helpful in providing reference data in the orthodontic diagnosis, assessment and treatment plan and assessment of racial, gender and age specific variation in the Iraqi population.

2022, World Journal of Dentistry

cortisol. So quantification of salivary cortisol could help in analyzing the activity of HPA axis and thus evaluate the role of psychological factors in the etiopathogenesis of OLP. 1,4,6,10,20 OLP is associated with significantly increased levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as the development or worsening of lesions during times of emotional stress. 2-5,10,14,19-25 However, few authors point to controversies in the relationship between OLP and psychological factors. 4,8,15,16 IntroductIon Oral lichen planus (OLP) is currently recognized as a multifactorial disease with a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors including patients' lifestyle, stress as well as anxiety. 1-5 The prevalence of OLP varies from 0.5 to 4%, seen predominantly in middle-aged and elderly women. 6-9 It is postulated to result from an abnormal T-cell mediated immune response in which auto-cytotoxic CD8 + T cells trigger apoptosis of oral epithelial cells. 7,8,,10-12 Chronic stress is associated with the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as well as with depressed immune function. 1,3,7,13,14 Various studies have shown that stress and anxiety can be considered as etiological factors in OLP, but there is still controversy concerning the exact mechanism. 3,4,8,15,16 Accumulating evidence supports clinically relevant interrelations between psychological stressors and onset and progression of chronic diseases. Furthermore, psychological stress and psychiatric illness modify the immunological respo nse. 1,15-18 Cortisol is considered as a primary end product of the HPA axis because it is widely considered as a biological regulator of adaptation and maintenance to homeostasis in response to psychological and physiological challenges. 4,8,17,19 The measurement of salivary cortisol is an indicator of free cortisol or biologically active 1,

2022, World Journal of Dentistry

2021, Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences

The biological phenomenon of systems of furrows on the red part of human lips was first noted by anthropologists. R. Fischer [2,3] was the first to describe it in 1902. As early as 1932, Edmond Locard, [4] one of France's greatest criminologists, recommended the use of lip prints for the identification of a person. Until 1950, [2,3] however, anthropology merely mentioned the existence of the furrows without suggesting a practical use for the phenomenon. The idea of using lip prints for identification was first suggested by Le Moyne Snyder. [5-8] He introduced a case in which lip prints helped the crime scientists in an unusual way.

2021, IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences

Introduction: Lateral cephalograms display numerous cranial, facial and oral anatomic structures along with sella turcica which is considered vital for many radiographic analyses. It is demarcated by dense thin white line and is used to measure the position of maxilla & mandible in relation to the cranial base and to themselves. Various studies have found an association between morphological variations of sella to malocclusion and also gender differences have been noted. This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate these morphological variations of sella turcica and its relation to type of malocclusion. A Ai im m: : To determine dimensions and morphological variations of sella turcica in different age groups & correlation between sella and type of malocclusion. M Ma at te er ri ia al ls s A An nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: 200 lateral cephalometric images of the patients more than age group of 8 years and less than 25 years were selected. The morphological variations, linear measurements of sella turcica and the skeletal type classification, based on ANB angle was determined. Length, depth, antero-posterior diameter (linear dimentions) were measured and correlated with the type of malocclusion. Results: Out of the total sample studied, it was found that, when linear measurements were assessed, there was statistically significant difference found between the length and antero-posterior diameter of sella turcica. When skeletal type malocclusion was assessed, there was no significant correlation found between sella morphology, linear dimensions and the different types of malocclusion. Conclusion: The study showed significant correlation between the length and the anteroposterior diameter with the advancing age which signifies that growth of the individual can be assessed based on the size of sella turcica at different age periods.

2021

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lip traces. The aim of this study was to establish the uniqueness of lip groove pattern, which aids in personal identification. Materials and methods: Study group comprised of 500 individuals from Mangalore comprising of 250 males and 250 females of the age group 15-60 years. Materials used were digital camera in a photoshot stabilized tripod stand and cephalostat machine to stabilize the individual. Results and discussion: The frequency of lip groove lines in upper and lower lip according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification was different among and within males and females. Hence each and every individual has a unique lip groove pattern. Conclusion: A lip groove pattern comprises of different permutations and combinations of lip groove lines in upper and lower lip in each and every individual. It was inferred that frequency of different types of lines according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification in different regions of upper and lower lip were different in each and every individual. Hence, lip groove pattern is unique for an individual and can be considered as a personal identification tool.

2021

Cheiloscopy has always been fascinating and a precious stone that is
left unturned fully till date. This article gives an overview of the
history of cheiloscopy and analyses the different classification systems
for lip groove patterns which had been followed. It also describes the
advantages, few obstacles in the progress of cheiloscopy and its
possible bright use in future dentistry and in the field of forensic
science provided it is given its due value.

2021, Advances in Dentistry & Oral Health

Background: There is little number of studies that address the interrelationship of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and periodontitis during pregnancy. Hence, this study was conducted to provide further evidence in the possible association between chronic periodontitis and GDM by evaluating the level of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) of chronic periodontitis patients with GDM after phase I periodontal therapy. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted on 40 subjects divided into 2 groups: 20 pregnant females suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus associated with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and 20 systemically free pregnant females suffering from moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. The periodontal status of the subjects was assessed at baseline before phase I periodontal therapy and 2 months after completion of the treatment: All subjects have been screened by comprehensive periodontal examination and full periodontal charts were obtained. The following clinical parameters were assessed to determine the clinical periodontal status of patients: Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL). Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and serum samples were collected from both study groups to detect TNF-α level. Regarding the assessment of TNF-α, Real-time reverse-transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT) PCR technique was used. Results: Results of the present study observed statistically significant reduction in TNF-α level after 2 months from phase I periodontal therapy. The current study showed that, there was a statistically significant positive (direct) correlation between TNF-α level, PI, GI, PPD and CAL measurement at baseline and after 2 months from phase I periodontal therapy. Conclusion: It is shown that the levels of TNF-α in GCF and serum before treatment were higher in GDM group (group 1) than in the control group. Thus, the examination of TNF-α may enhance the understanding of pathogenesis of periodontitis and GDM and its assessment in the treatment process may result in better control of the disease.