Osteoblasts Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

in life when bone catabolism supersedes anabolism, the significant loss of bone mass (osteoporosis) becomes a common medical problem ). tures (NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteopo-Shauna Heeger, George Sabatakos, Suneel Apte, rosis... more

in life when bone catabolism supersedes anabolism, the significant loss of bone mass (osteoporosis) becomes a common medical problem ). tures (NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteopo-Shauna Heeger, George Sabatakos, Suneel Apte, rosis Prevention, 2001). The worldwide annual incidence William N. Adkins, Jeremy Allgrove, of osteoporotic hip fracture exceeds 1.7 million cases Mine Arslan-Kirchner, Jennifer A. Batch, (http://www.who.int/inf-pr-1 999/en/pr99-58.html). Peter Beighton, Graeme C. M. Black, Numerous factors have been implicated in the develop-Richard G. Boles, Laurence M. Boon, ment of osteoporosis. Family and epidemiological stud-Carla Borrone, Han G. Brunner, Georges F. Carle, ies indicate that the peak bone mass attained during Bruno Dallapiccola, Anne De Paepe, Barbara Floege, growth is an important risk factor (NIH Consensus Devel-Melissa Lees Halfhide, Bryan Hall, opment Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, 2001; See-Raoul C. Hennekam, Tatsuo Hirose, Ab Jans, man et al., 1994). Harald Jü ppner, Chong Ae Kim, Kim Keppler-Noreuil, Two principal cell types are responsible for the depo-Alfried Kohlschuetter, Didier LaCombe, sition and degradation of bone matrix. The bone-forming Marie Lambert, Emmanuelle Lemyre, cells, osteoblasts, differentiate from mesenchymal stem Tom Letteboer, Leena Peltonen, cells at sites of membranous bone formation, in perios-Rajkumar S. Ramesar, Marta Romanengo, teum of endochondral bones, and in bone marrow Hannu Somer, Elisabeth Steichen-Gersdorf, stroma (Aubin, 1998). The bone-degrading cells, osteo-Beat Steinmann, Beth Sullivan, clasts, differentiate from hematopoietic mononuclear Andrea Superti-Furga, Walter Swoboda, cells present in peripheral blood and bone marrow Marie-José van den Boogaard, Wim Van Hul, (Roodman, 1996). In order for bone mass to accrue dur-Miikka Vikkula, Marcela Votruba, Bernhard Zabel, ing the growth and maturation of the skeleton, bone Teresa Garcia, Roland Baron, Bjorn R. Olsen, formation by osteoblasts must exceed bone degradaand Matthew L. Warman 1 tion by osteoclasts. The Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma Syndrome Children with the autosomal recessive disorder osteo-Collaborative Group 3 porosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) (Gong et al., 1996) have very low bone mass and are prone to developing fractures and deformation ( .