Patient Monitoring Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Variation in time between two successive heart beats occurring due to internal and external stimulation causes Heart Rate Variability (HRV). HRV is a tool for indirect investigation of both cardiac and autonomic system function in both... more

Variation in time between two successive heart beats occurring due to internal and external stimulation causes Heart Rate Variability (HRV). HRV is a tool for indirect investigation of both cardiac and autonomic system function in both healthy and diseased condition. It has been speculated that HRV analysis by nonlinear method might bring potentially useful prognosis information into light which will be helpful for assessment of cardiac condition. In this study, HRV from two types of data sets (normal sinus rhythm and sinus arrhythmia) are analyzed which are stored in MIT-BIH (Massachusetts Institute of Technology – Beth Israel hospital) database, an extended collection of recorded physiological signals. Then two nonlinear methods, approximate entropy (ApEn) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), have been applied to analyze HRV of both Arrhythmia patients and people having normal sinus rhythm. It has been clearly shown that nonlinear parameters obtained from these two methods reflect the opposite heart condition of the two types of subjects under study, healthy and diseased, by HRV measures. Thus, value of the nonlinear parameters found in this work can be used as standard when treating suspected patients for diagnosis of Arrhythmia. Also, by measuring these nonlinear parameter values, heart condition can be understood.

Rising concern over the poor level of blood-pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients has prompted searches for novel ways of managing hypertension. The objectives of this study were to develop and pilot-test a home BP... more

Rising concern over the poor level of blood-pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients has prompted searches for novel ways of managing hypertension. The objectives of this study were to develop and pilot-test a home BP tele-management system that actively engages patients in the process of care.Phase 1 involved a series of focus-group meetings with patients and primary care providers to guide the system’s development. In Phase 2, 33 diabetic patients with uncontrolled ambulatory hypertension were enrolled in a 4-month pilot study, using a before-and-after design to assess its effectiveness in lowering BP, its acceptability to users, and the reliability of home BP measurements.The system, developed using commodity hardware, comprised a Bluetooth-enabled home BP monitor, a mobile phone to receive and transmit data, a central server for data processing, a fax-back system to send physicians’ reports, and a BP alerting system. In the pilot study, 24-h ambulatory BP fell by 11/5 (±13/7 SD) mm Hg (both P < .001), and BP control improved significantly. Substantially more home readings were received by the server than expected, based on the preset monitoring schedule. Of 42 BP alerts sent to patients, almost half (n = 20) were due to low BP. Physicians received no critical BP alerts. Patients perceived the system as acceptable and effective.The encouraging results of this study provide a strong rationale for a long-term, randomized, clinical trial to determine whether this home BP tele-management system improves BP control in the community among patients with uncontrolled hypertension.

We discuss some theoretical models for vital signs monitoring by using a UWB radar. Focusing attention on the respiration and heartbeat signals, we show the impact of relevant parameters, like the sampling time interval, on the ability to... more

We discuss some theoretical models for vital signs monitoring by using a UWB radar. Focusing attention on the respiration and heartbeat signals, we show the impact of relevant parameters, like the sampling time interval, on the ability to extract the desired signal parameters from the waveforms elaborated at the receiver. The role of the UWB pulse shape is also highlighted. With reference to more refined methods based on signal correlation, we propose a variant that does not need the availability of a locally generated reference signal and achieves good resolution for the movement detection, while ensuring limited processing times.

Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) technology is often proposed as a way to tackle the increasing cost of healthcare caused by population aging. However, the sensing technology for continuous respiratory monitoring at home is lacking. Known... more

Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) technology is often proposed as a way to tackle the increasing cost of healthcare caused by population aging. However, the sensing technology for continuous respiratory monitoring at home is lacking. Known approaches of respiratory monitoring are based on measuring either respiratory effect, e.g. tracheal sound recording by a bio-acoustic sensor, or respiratory effort, e.g. abdomen movement measurement by a tri-axial accelerometer. This paper proposes a home respiration monitoring system using a tri-axial accelerometer. Three different methods to extract a single respiratory signal from the tri-axial data are proposed and analyzed. The performance of the methods is evaluated for various possible respiration conditions, defined by the sensor orientation and respiration-induced abdomen movement. The method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performs better than selecting the best axis. The analytical approach called Full Angle shows worse results...

The paper presents a new textile-based wearable system for the unobtrusive recording of cardiorespiratory and motion signals during spontaneous behavior along with the first results concerning the application of this device in daily life... more

The paper presents a new textile-based wearable system for the unobtrusive recording of cardiorespiratory and motion signals during spontaneous behavior along with the first results concerning the application of this device in daily life and in a clinical environment. The system, called MagIC (Maglietta Interattiva Computerizzata), is composed of a vest, including textile sensors for detecting ECG and respiratory activity, and a portable electronic board for motion detection, signal preprocessing and wireless data transmission to a remote monitoring station. The MagIC system has been tested in freely moving subjects at work, at home, while driving and cycling and in microgravity condition during a parabolic flight. Applicability of the system in cardiac in-patients is now under evaluation. Preliminary data derived from recordings performed on patients in bed and during physical exercise showed 1) good signal quality over most of the monitoring periods, 2) a correct identification of arrhythmic events, and 3) a correct estimation of the average beat-by-beat heart rate. These positive results supports further developments of the MagIC system, aimed at tuning this approach for a routine use in clinical practice and in daily life

This paper presents a method for breath-by-breath noninvasive estimation of respiratory resistance and elastance in mechanically ventilated patients. For passive patients, well-established approaches exist. However, when patients are... more

This paper presents a method for breath-by-breath noninvasive estimation of respiratory resistance and elastance in mechanically ventilated patients. For passive patients, well-established approaches exist. However, when patients are breathing spontaneously, taking into account the diaphragmatic effort in the estimation process is still an open challenge. Mechanical ventilators require maneuvers to obtain reliable estimates for respiratory mechanics parameters. Such maneuvers interfere with the desired ventilation pattern to be delivered to the patient. Alternatively, invasive procedures are needed. The method presented in this paper is a noninvasive way requiring only measurements of airway pressure and flow that are routinely available for ventilated patients. It is based on a first-order single-compartment model of the respiratory system, from which a cost function is constructed as the sum of squared errors between model-based airway pressure predictions and actual measurements. Physiological considerations are translated into mathematical constraints that restrict the space of feasible solutions and make the resulting optimization problem strictly convex. Existing quadratic programming techniques are used to efficiently find the minimizing solution, which yields an estimate of the respiratory system resistance and elastance. The method is illustrated via numerical examples and experimental data from animal tests. Results show that taking into account the patient effort consistently improves the estimation of respiratory mechanics. The method is suitable for real-time patient monitoring, providing clinicians with noninvasive measurements that could be used for diagnosis and therapy optimization.

Due to the continuous monitoring process of critical patients, Intensive Care Units (ICU) generate large amounts of data, which are difficult for healthcare personnel to analyze manually, especially in overloaded situations such as those... more

Due to the continuous monitoring process of critical patients, Intensive Care Units (ICU) generate large amounts of data, which are difficult for healthcare personnel to analyze manually, especially in overloaded situations such as those present during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the automatic analysis of these data has many practical applications in patient monitoring, including the optimization of alarm systems for alerting healthcare personnel. In this paper, explainable machine learning techniques are used for this purpose, with a methodology based on age-stratification, boosting classifiers, and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) proposed. The methodology is evaluated using MIMIC-III, an ICU patient research database. The results show that the proposed model can predict mortality within the ICU with AUROC values of 0.961, 0.936, 0.898, and 0.883 for age groups 18–45, 45–65, 65–85 and 85+, respectively. By using SHAP, the features with the highest impact in predicting mortality for different age groups and the threshold from which the value of a clinical feature has a negative impact on the patient’s health can be identified. This allows ICU alarms to be improved by identifying the most important variables to be sensed and the threshold values at which the health personnel must be warned.

Falls are a major cause of hospitalization and injury-related deaths among the elderly population. The detrimental effects of falls, as well as the negative impact on health services costs, have led to a great interest on fall detection... more

Falls are a major cause of hospitalization and injury-related deaths among the elderly population. The detrimental effects of falls, as well as the negative impact on health services costs, have led to a great interest on fall detection systems by the health-care industry. The most promising approaches are those based on a wearable device that monitors the movements of the patient, recognizes a fall and triggers an alarm. Unfortunately such techniques suffer from the problem of false alarms: some activities of daily living are erroneously reported as falls, thus reducing the confidence of the user. This paper presents a novel approach for improving the detection accuracy which is based on the idea of identifying specific movement patterns into the acceleration data. Using a single accelerometer, our system can recognize these patterns and use them to distinguish activities of daily living from real falls; thus the number of false alarms is reduced.

Americans are living longer, and research shows that seniors are embracing independence, and will benefit from living in the same place. These are the rationale for 'Aging in Place' and the development of Tiger Place, an... more

Americans are living longer, and research shows that seniors are embracing independence, and will benefit from living in the same place. These are the rationale for 'Aging in Place' and the development of Tiger Place, an 'Aging in Place' Environment in Columbia Missouri. Our goal is to minimize intrusion, allow the resident complete control over privacy and treatment (if any), and to provide substantive improvement in quality of life. Nevertheless there continues to be significant risks to the elderly which results in reduced functional and cognitive activity. While there has been much technology developed to ameliorate these factors, there is no comprehensive evaluation of the benefit of these devices nor a comprehensive strategy to improve the quality of life of seniors as determined by functional ability and possibly later cognitive ability. With our partners at the University of Virginia we are developing a system of sensors, to monitor the activity of senior...

Patient monitoring is essential to care in operating and emergency rooms, as well as intensive and critical care settings. Recently android has become one of the most popular technologies used in the medical sector. The aim of the paper... more

Patient monitoring is essential to care in operating and emergency rooms, as well as intensive and critical care settings. Recently android has become one of the most popular technologies used in the medical sector. The aim of the paper addresses the survey on android based patient monitoring system to provide a better health care to people in more economic and pertinent friendly manner. Doctors can continuously monitor the patient's health using the device attached to the patient and an android application. The applications in the healthcare monitoring system remotely monitor the vital signs of the patient and transmit the recorded signal to the doctor. The quality data obtained from the application helps in improving diagnostic and treatment related decision making. This paper also addresses the comparison of the state of the arts solutions available in the healthcare monitoring systems and the technologies used for generating emergency alarms.

This paper describes the realization of a wireless oxygen saturation and heart rate system for patient monitoring in a limited area. The proposed system will allow the automatic remote monitoring in hospitals, at home, at work, in real... more

This paper describes the realization of a wireless oxygen saturation and heart rate system for patient monitoring in a limited area. The proposed system will allow the automatic remote monitoring in hospitals, at home, at work, in real time, of persons with chronic illness, of elderly people, and of those having high medical risk. The system can be used for long-time continuous patient monitoring, as medical assistance of a chronic condition, as part of a diagnostic procedure, or recovery from an acute event. The blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) are continuously measured using commercially available pulse oximeters and then transferred to a central monitoring station via a wireless sensor network (WSN). The central monitoring station runs a patient monitor application that receives the SpO2 and HR from WSN, processes these values and activates the alarms when the results exceed the preset limits. A user-friendly Graphical User Interface was developed for the ...

Now-a-days, a growing number of people in a developing countries like India forces to look for new solutions for the continuous monitoring of health checkup. It has become a necessity to visit hospitals frequently for doctor's... more

Now-a-days, a growing number of people in a developing countries like India forces to look for new solutions for the continuous monitoring of health checkup. It has become a necessity to visit hospitals frequently for doctor's consultation, which has become financially related and a time consuming process. To overcome this situation, we propose a design to monitor the patient's health conditions such as heart beat, temperature, ECG and BP and send the message to guardian using GSM. In the recent development of internet of things(IoT) makes all objects interconnected and been recognized as the next technical revolution. Patient monitoring is one of the IoT application to monitor the patient health status. Internet of things makes medical equipments more efficient by allowing real time monitoring of health. Using IoT doctor can continuously monitor the patient's on his smart phone and also the patient history will be stored on the web server and doctor can access the information whenever needed from anywhere.

In the last few decades, the population of the world has been increasing exponentially. This is, in turn, increases the need for health care experts. But the ratio of the number of health care experts to the number of people needing... more

In the last few decades, the population of the world has been increasing exponentially. This is, in turn, increases the need for health care experts. But the ratio of the number of health care experts to the number of people needing expertise is unsatisfactory, especially in developing countries. For this reason, we need to use health monitoring devices. The innovative health monitoring systems are required with a less human intervention which will be available at low cost in rural as well as urban areas. This paper describes an idea to provide a cost-effective, reliable and automatic saline flow monitoring system that can be easily implemented in any hospital. The proposed system device consists of Arduino Uno, IR sensor, ESP8266, keypad, LCD. By using this device, the doctor or nurse can easily monitor the saline level, drop rate, containing the existing solution in the IV bag. The nurse automatically gets notified on their computer or mobile and also gets LED status from the device itself. Finally, the proposed device can be reused.

Smart-Textile is an upcoming and latest technology that combines research in textile materials and wireless sensor/actuator networks. This is primarily in the context of human body monitoring with statistical methods for the data analysis... more

Smart-Textile is an upcoming and latest technology that combines research in textile materials and wireless sensor/actuator networks. This is primarily in the context of human body monitoring with statistical methods for the data analysis and corresponding treatment. The scope of IoT in Healthcare has a diverse range of enhancements with Textile-based Wearable System Technology, Unobtrusive Biosensors, and a Cloud Computing Architectural Framework amongst other technologies. The advancement would propel the HealthCare Industry to unparalleled heights in terms of efficiency and Patient Comfort. This groundbreaking technology of smart textiles embedded with sensors for continuous patient monitoring will revolutionize the healthcare industry. The real-time exchange of data, seamlessly and proactively predict, diagnosis and provide remedies. The framework in the study reveals aptly the so-called Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) which opens a whole new avenue for the Patient-Healthcare provider Interface (PHI) and Wearable Health Technology (WHT).

According to the research most of life threatens caused due to cardiac arrest, or variation in heart pulse and body temperature. Hence safety of human beings has become major concern in the world. The patient deaths are caused due to... more

According to the research most of life threatens caused due to cardiac arrest, or variation in heart pulse and body temperature. Hence safety of human beings has become major concern in the world. The patient deaths are caused due to doctoror patient negligence, lack of treatment, improper monitoring of health condition etc. This problem can brought up to an end by continuous health monitoring of patient condition with help of sensors and comparing sensor values with threshold value. Then triggers the alert message to the user or doctor through Wi-Fi and Node MCU when values exceed the preset value and respective precaution will be taken by doctor to safeguard the patient lives.

IoT in healthcare is a very important technology in providing better medical facilities to the patients and facilitates the doctors as well. The proposed system here consists of various medical devices such as sensors and web based or... more

IoT in healthcare is a very important technology in providing better medical facilities to the patients and
facilitates the doctors as well. The proposed system here consists of various medical devices such as sensors and web
based or android based applications which communicate via network connected devices and helps to monitor and record
patients’ health condition and notify when health is at risk. In many organizations, companies and Government Agencies,
first aid kit is used on daily basis. First Aid system is of very basic need. Making digitized advancement in the First Aid system
using IoT based health care sensors and to verify the quantity of tools available in the First Aid box will be definitely
very useful with much less human intervention. The key objective of our system is to measure various health parameters which
include Heart Rate, Body Temperature, Blood Pressure of the patient. Also, to measure the load of medicines inside a first
aid kit, and to perform data analysis on the generated patient data for identifying his/her health condition. As First Aid
treatment need more concern due to increasing theft to human health, the many in one approach in this system will help at
extent in health care domain. The proposed system comes with multiple sensors that helps to check patient’s health from
multiple health perspectives. In recent times, scientists have brought a revolutionary change in the field of healthcare with
technology like the IoT. Therefore, it is well possible to make better first aid treatment with easy accessibility anywhere, that
too at a very low cost. So, having a system which can make this task automated and efficient is the actual purpose of this
system