Payment System Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2008, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications

Economic theory provides a unique vantage point from which to examine issues with respect to emerging technologies, where stan-11 dards and adoption, business process changes and implementation outcomes, information security, investments and business value, and 12 industry impact require care and consideration on the part of senior management strategists and financial services leaders. In this article, 13 we examine a new technology application which is coming into its own around the world, in association with the revolution in wireless 14 connectivity: mobile payments. Although there are likely to be nuances and surprises with this technology application, we caution the 15 reader to recognize that many of the same economic forces will be at work as were with other financial services and related technology 16 applications in the past. We apply a robust evaluative framework that permits identification of the relevant stakeholders and applicable 17 theory in the analysis of consumer, firm, business process, market, industrial and social issues. Our findings are intended to guide senior 18 managers in dealing with the economic aspects of mobile payments, and to help identify some important directions for the research. 19

2006, Government Information Quarterly

This paper identifies the factors that determine the publics' acceptance of e-Government services. The online tax filing and payment system (OTFPS) is a well-known e-Government service in Taiwan. Using a theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior, this study aims to (1) identify the determinants for acceptance of the OTFPS; (2) examine the causal relationships among the variables of acceptance behavior for the OTFPS; and (3) explore the relative importance of each determinant for both those who use the OTFPS and those who do not. The article reports on a survey that collected 1,099 usable responses. The results indicate that the proposed model explained up to 72 percent of the variance in behavioral intention. In addition, the important determinants of user acceptance of the OTFPS are perceived usefulness, ease of use, perceived risk, trust, compatibility, external influences, interpersonal influence, self-efficacy, and facilitating condition. Finally, the academic and practical implications of these findings are discussed. D planned behavior; Online tax filing and payment system 0740-624X/$ -see front matter D

2003, Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass

Greater competitiveness and deregulation in agribusiness and the food industry require new forms of co-ordination between farmers and their clients to increase the efficiency and profitability of the supply chain. Various co-ordination processes are used by processing firms to control the quantity and quality of their raw material. In the sugar industry, millers plan their cane supply to ensure that the mill operates at optimum capacity throughout the entire season. They may also take into account variations in cane quality within the supply area and at different times during the season to maximise sugar production. These decisions will impact on the choices growers make with regard to their harvest capacities and management and, depending on the cane payment system in place, on their incomes as well. Other stakeholders in the supply chain, such as contractors and hauliers, also directly affect its management and results. Any modification to the structure of the supply chain or the management rules should take into account stakeholder strategies and ways of operating. A modelling approach based on two complementary models has been developed to simulate on a weekly basis the planning and operation of mill supply throughout the season. The first model compares weekly and total sugar production for a season. The second model focuses on the simulation of logistic chains, and enables the impacts of technological and structural changes on daily harvest and transport capacities to be assessed. Both models can be used to support discussion and negotiation between growers and millers regarding evolutions in the supply chain management.

We are very grateful for helpful suggestions and comments from colleagues at the Bank of England, including

2007

This paper proposes a new payment system which is based on ANSI X9. and adds extra features on top of this standard. The X9.59 is an account based and consumer-oriented payment protocol. It utilizes the existing financial network and financial messages to complete the payment process. However, there are two main limitations in this standard. This paper provides the solution to solve the limitations by adding the merchant authentication feature during payment cycle and to eliminate the requirement of addenda records to be added in the existing financial messages. In addition, the paper provides other functions which are not presented in the X9.59 standard. Three simulation models have been built for the SET, X9.59 and the proposed system in order to analyze their performance and their levels of security.

2009

La France a introduit en 2005 un système de tarification à l'activité (T2A) pour financer les établissements de santé, comme une vingtaine de pays avant elle. Malgré des principes de bases communs, les systèmes de T2A varient néanmoins dans leur architecture. Afin de mieux comprendre la problématique française de la T2A, ce document de travail examine les justifications économiques d'un tel système, les dispositifs-clés dans sa mise en oeuvre et les enjeux qui en découlent.

2004, Policy Research Working Papers

Enforcement more than regulations, laws-on-the-books or voluntary codes is key to effective corporate governance, at least in transition and developing countries. Corporate governance and enforcement mechanisms are intimately linked as they affect firms' ability to commit towards their stakeholders, in particular towards external investors. We provide a framework for understanding these linkages and how they are shaped by countries' institutional contexts. When the general enforcement environment is weak and specific enforcement mechanisms function poorly, as in many developing and transition countries, few of the traditional corporate governance mechanisms are effective. The principal consequence in these countries is a large blockholder, but there are important potential costs to this mechanism. A range of private and public enforcement "tools" can help reduce these costs and reinforce other supplementary corporate governance mechanisms. The limited empirical evidence suggests that private tools are more effective than public forms of enforcement in the typical environment of most developing and transition countries. However, public enforcement is necessary regardless, and private enforcement mechanisms often require public laws to function. Furthermore, in some countries at least, bottom-up, private-led tools preceded and even shaped public laws. Political economy constraints, resulting from the intermingling of business and politics, however, often prevent improvements in the general enforcement environment, and adoption and implementation of public laws in these countries.

2003

A frustração dos objetivos antiinflacionários do Plano Collor, de março de 1990, é um tema esquecido no debate econômico brasileiro. O bloqueio da liquidez da maior parte dos haveres financeiros conseguiu derrubar a inflação elevada e em aceleração, na faixa de 70% ao mês em janeiro e fevereiro, mas no fim do ano a inflação voltara a quase 20% ao mês. Prevaleceu na época a interpretação de que o plano falhara devido à liberação descontrolada de valores retidos, provocada por pressões sobre o governo e por erros de gerenciamento do programa. Decorre daí a tese de que o bloqueio da liquidez poderia ter dado bons resultados se tivesse sido aplicado com maior rigor e coerência. Este artigo sustenta a tese oposta de que o plano falhou porque era inaplicável. Manter a retenção dos haveres financeiros naquela escala era impossível, pois implicaria a paralisação do sistema de pagamentos e uma grave crise bancária. Palavras-chave: Plano Collor; bloqueio da liquidez; reforma monetária; políticas de estabilização no Brasil Classificação JEL: E65; N16; E63; E58

2008, 2008 Second International Conference on Future Generation Communication and Networking Symposia

In this paper we have survey on biometric payment system. Biometric payment system is used for various kinds of payment system instead of the tension of cards to put with them and to memorize theirs difficult passwords and pin numbers. Biometric payment system is much safe and secure and very easy to use and even without using any password or secret codes to remember as compare with previous system like credit card payment system, wireless system and mobile system etc. Biometric payment system is reliable, economical and it has more advantages as compare with others. In daily life the usage of credit cards, check card for shopping, bus card, subway card for traveling, student card for library and department, and many kinds of cards for unlimited purposes and so on. So problem is that a person has to take many cards and has to remember their passwords or secret codes and to keep secure to take with him all time. So the biometric payment system will solve this problem. Greater adoption of biometric payment system will drive down the cost of biometric readers and thus making it more affordable to small business owners. We really need alternate payment systems. This "perpetual toll" to credit card companies has to stop.

1995

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2006

A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN-10 0 335 21365 0 (pb) 0 335 21366 9 (hb) ISBN-13 978 0 335 21365 8 (pb) 978 0 335 21366 5 (hb)

2007, Small Ruminant Research

Dairy sheep and dairy goat breeding in Europe is most common around the Mediterranean basin, particularly in France, Greece, Italy and Spain. Over recent years the tendency has been a slight reduction in the number of animals bred, while at the same time there has been a general increase in the volume of milk produced. The milk of sheep and goats is mainly reserved for cheese making and therefore a quality evaluation of the milk is of fundamental importance. If, on the one hand, the achievement of a certain level of quality is of interest for the cheese making industry, which has to deal with the ever-increasing demands of the consumer, it is also of interest to the milk producers, who can increase their earnings by pursuing high quality. The quality of the milk for cheese making depends essentially on its physical and chemical composition and on hygienic and sanitary factors (bacterial count, somatic cells count, etc.). The price of sheep and goat milk is generally higher than that of cow milk, even though in certain areas of production it is not specifically exploited, being blended with cow milk for the production of mixed cheeses. Differentiated pricing in relation to quality is becoming ever more widespread also for sheep and goat milk. This is mainly based on the construction of a grid on which various parameters are taken into consideration in order to establish bonuses and penalties, which are then applied to the base price of the milk. This paper summarises some previous works on this subject and integrates them with the new scenarios, while at the same time discussing how to improve the quality and subsequently the valorisation of these milks. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

2010

Il lavoro analizza la finanza islamica nella prospettiva di una Banca centrale e Autorità di vigilanza, con particolare riguardo al contesto europeo ed italiano.

2008, Biometrics and Security …

In daily life people use credit cards for shopping, check card, bus card, subway card for traveling, student card for library and department, and many kinds of cards for unlimited purposes and etc. So problem is that a person has to take many cards and has to remember their passwords or secret codes and to keep secure to take with him all time. In this paper biometric the fingerprints payment system is used for various kinds of payment system instead of the tension of cards to place with them and to memorize theirs difficult passwords. Biometric fingerprints payment system is much safe and secure and very easy to use and even without using any password or secret codes to remember as compare with previous system like credit card payment system, wireless system and mobile system etc. Biometric fingerprints payment system is reliable and expensive and it has more advantages as compare with others.

2009

2007

2003, The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy

1999, Policy Research Working Papers

Abstract: March 1996Sooner or later policymakers worldwide must confront the increasing institutional ownership of corporate equity. Suitable policy frameworks should be devised to encourage activism by institutional investors.... more

2000, Economic Review

The phrase multiple payment systems typically brings to mind objects such as checks, credit cards, debit cards and, more recently, smart cards. However, many countries through-out history have used more than one currency at a time. In... more

2001, SSRN Electronic Journal

This paper presents a model of a card payment system to address the pricing and rules that govern such systems. It evaluates the social optimality of privately set interchange fees and the adoption of a rule by payment systems to prevent merchants surcharging for card transactions using two extremes of merchant pricing-monopolistic pricing and perfect competition. Both types of merchant pricing constrain the ability of card schemes to use interchange fees and the no-surcharge rule in anticompetitive ways, although for quite di erent reasons. The positive role of the no-surcharge rule in preventing excessive merchant surcharging is also highlighted.

2004

This thesis was originally submitted as Alves, K, Digital distribution music services and the demise of the traditional music industry: three case studies on mp3.com, Napster and Kazaa, Bachelor of Information and Communication Technology (Honours), University of Wollongong, 2004, 171p. Digital distribution music services and the demise of the traditional music industry: three case studies on mp3.com, Napster and Kazaa

2005, Conference Series Proceedings

The purpose of the study is to investigate determinants of Internet banking adoption based on an individual's benefits and costs of adopting Internet banking. Using data from the 2001 Survey of Consumer Finances, this paper estimates an adoption model for Internet banking. Our findings show that consumers' ability, attitude and opportunity cost of time play a significant role on the decision of adopting Internet banking. Younger and well-educated consumers are more likely to adopt Internet banking. However, when individual's age associated with the level of education, the age effect varies across education groups. Among people with a low educational background, the effect of age on the probability of adopting Internet banking is hump-shaped. However, among people with a higher educational background, the probability of using Internet banking decreases with age. This study also investigates differences across households that use checks, ATM or debit card, direct payment and Internet banking as the payment methods. Our findings show that there are significant differences in terms of the demographics of these households that use different payment methods. The results of our study will help banks and financial institutions to implement successful distribution strategies and consumer educators to guide consumers on how better to use banking services.

2012, European Accounting Review

Accounting research raises the concern that firms in the health care and defense contracting industries, when facing a dual payment system with both cost-based and fixed-rate payments, have an incentive to reallocate overhead costs through increasing inputs used in cost-based operations. However, prior literature reports contradictory empirical evidence regarding such real activity manipulation. Drawing on the institutional perspective, we hypothesize that firms' market power and interorganizational dependence affect their cost management strategies and choice of overhead allocation in response to dual payment systems. Analyzing the data of California hospitals from 1980 to 1991, we find that when facing a dual payment system, dominant (strong market position) hospitals adopt a cost-revenue-enhancing strategy, increasing direct costs for cost-based services without containing costs in fixed-rate services. In contrast, nondominant hospitals choose a cost-reduction strategy and improve operation efficiency on fixed-rate services. We also find that nondominant hospitals shift more overhead costs away from fixed-rate services to cost-based services by reclassifying the allocation bases across services; combining this cost shifting with the cost-reduction strategy, nondominant hospitals demonstrate the compliance with the regulation expectation of cost containment.

2003, Journal of The European Economic Association

Many if not most markets with network externalities are two-sided. To succeed, platforms in industries such as software, portals and media, payment systems and the Internet, must "get both sides of the market on board ". Accordingly, platforms devote much attention to their business model, that is to how they court each side while making money overall. The paper builds a model of platform competition with two-sided markets. It unveils the determinants of price allocation and enduser surplus for different governance structures (profit-maximizing platforms and not-for-profit joint undertakings), and compares the outcomes with those under an integrated monopolist and a Ramsey planner. * IDEI and GREMAQ (CNRS UMR 5604), Toulouse † IDEI and GREMAQ (CNRS UMR 5604), Toulouse, CERAS (CNRS URA 2036), and MIT

2003

2000

Most electronic cash (e-cash) based payment systems that have been proposed do not possess the property of transferability. Transferability in an e-cash based system means that when a payee receives an electronic coin in a transaction he may spend it without depositing the coin first and getting a new coin issued from a bank. Usually electronic coins that are transferred in a transaction have a lifetime of the trans-action itself. In this paper, we propose a payment system where coins can be transferred over multiple hands, spread over various transactions, similar to physical cash. Detection or prevention of double spending of coins is a critical issue in online e-cash payment systems. In our system the verification is distributed across multiple entities as opposed to the case of a coin-issuing entity or a central bank alone being responsible for the verification. A resolution mechanism for handling disputes is also presented. The proposed system provides guarantees of anonymity, fairness and transferability.

2007, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

urban areas (1, 2). These schemes are used as a tool to encourage commuters to undertake their journeys in two parts: first driving a private car to a car park near transit stations and then completing the remainder of the journey by taking a transit mode. Successes of the P&R schemes operating in European and U.S. cities have shown that the P&R is a viable and promising travel demand management strategy (3, 4 ). The P&R services can complement other transport policies, including restriction of parking supplies in urban central areas, an increase of parking charges in central-area car parks, and promotion of public transport usage, cycling, and walking (5). The number of commuters taking the P&R mode to complete their peak-hour trips is dramatically increasing in congested urban areas (6).

2008, 2008 Second International Conference on Future Generation Communication and Networking Symposia

2006, Health Policy

All post-Soviet countries are trying to reform their primary health care (PHC) systems. The success to date has been uneven. We evaluated PHC reforms in Estonia, using multimethods evaluation: comprising retrospective analysis of routine health service data from Estonian Health Insurance Fund and health-related surveys; documentary analysis of policy reports, laws and regulations; key informant interviews. We analysed changes in organisational structure, regulations, financing and service provision in Estonian PHC system as well as key informant perceptions on factors influencing introduction of reforms.

2009

This study investigates and examines the intention to use an online bill payment among part time MBA students in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang. A research framework based on the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2) and Social Cognitive Theory is developed and modified in order to identify factors that would determine and influence the intention to use an online bill payment system. A survey involving a total of 120 university part time MBA students was conducted. The results reveal that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are the significant drivers of intention to use the online bill payment system. Subjective norm, image, result demonstrability and perceived ease of use were also found to be the key determinants of perceived usefulness whereas perceived risk was found to be negatively related to usefulness. This is very important as many researchers have shown that perceived usefulness is the most crucial factor in the decision to adopt and continue usi...

The authors provide a detailed study of the Swiss pension system, analyzing its strengths and weaknesses. The unfunded public pillar is highly redistributive. It has near universal coverage, a low dispersion of benefits (the maximum public pension is twice the minimum), and no ceiling on contributions. Low-income pensioners receive means-tested supplementary benefits. Payroll taxes are low, but government transfers cover 27 percent of total benefits. Total benefits amount to 9.1 percent of GDP, equivalent to 15.2 percent of covered earnings. The funded private pillar was made compulsory in a defensive move against the relentless expansion of the public pillar. The compulsory pillar stipulates minimum benefits in the form of age-related credits, a minimum interest rate on accumulated credits, and a minimum annuity conversion factor, aimed to smooth changes in interest rates over time. Low-income workers are not required to participate in the second pillar. The first and second pillar...

2010, Journal of Banking & Finance

In card payment systems, no-surcharge rules prohibit merchants from charging consumers extra for card payments. However, Dutch retailers are allowed to surcharge consumers for their debit card use. This allows an empirical analysis of the impact of surcharging on the demand for debit card services, and the effect of removing the no-surcharge rule on card acceptance by retailers and on consumer payment choice. Based on consumer and retailer survey data, our analysis shows that surcharging steers consumers away from using debit cards towards cash. Half of the observed difference in debit card payment shares across retailers can be explained by this surcharge effect. First calculations suggesr that removing the surcharge on debit card payments in the Netherlands may induce considerable social cost savings of more than EUR 100 million in the long run.

2000, Health Policy

Those designing payment systems for health care in low and middle income countries are increasingly looking to capitation payment, in order to avoid the cost inflation experienced with fee-for-service payment. However, there is virtually no documentation of the experience of introducing capitation payment, or of its effects. This paper draws on several research studies to explore responses by health care providers at both the market and facility level to the introduction of capitation payment, in the context of a new compulsory insurance scheme for workers in Thailand. The paper ends by identifying lessons for both Thailand itself and for other countries.

2010, Electronic Commerce Research

The use of e-commerce has been associated with a lot of skepticism and apprehension due to some crimes associated with e-commerce and specifically to payment systems. The secure socket layer (SSL) protocol is trusted in this regard to secure transactions for sensitive applications like e-commerce. Unfortunately, the use of SSL protocol causes slow response time on the server which is a major cause of frustration for on-line shoppers. In this paper, we propose a secured credit-debit card payment systems based on Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC). We first examined ECC algorithm over prime fields GF(p), implement our proposed method using a typical transaction involving credit/debit card numbers and compared the performance with RSA cryptosystem. Our result shows that ECC is faster in terms of response to transaction request and occupies less memory space than equivalent RSA system. Thus, these makes it more suitable public Key cryptography scheme for application in a constraint open environment like payment system where fast operations are needed.

1990, Journal of Financial Services Research

The core function of the financial system is to facilitate the allocation and deployment of economic resources, both spatially and across time, in an uncertain environment. This system includes the basic payment system through which virtually all transactions clear and the capital markets which include the money, fixed-income, equity, futures, and options markets and financial intermediaries. The capital markets are the medium that makes possible the basic cash-flow cycle of household savings flowing to capital invest ments by firms, followed by a return to households (via profits and interest payments) for consumption and recycling as new savings. Through often-elaborate financial securities and intermediaries, the capital markets provide risk-pooling and risk-sharing opportuni ties for both households and business firms. Well-developed capital markets allow for separation of the responsibility for the capital-flow requirements of investments from the risk-bearing responsibility for those investments. In both an international and domestic context, this facility permits efficient specialization in production activities, according to the principle of comparative advantage. In addition to these manifest functions, the capital market serves an important, perhaps more latent, function as a key source of information that helps coordinate decentralized decision-making in various sectors of the international economy. Interest rates and security prices are used by households or their agents in making their consumption-saving decisions and in choosing the portfolio allo cations of their wealth. These same prices provide critical signals to managers of firms in their selection of investment projects and financings.

2008, 2008 International Symposium on Biometrics and Security Technologies

2006

Objective: To evaluate how the regulatory environment and health system organisation, financing and provider payment systems influence the delivery of mental health services in the Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation. Methods: A multi-methods study was conducted including analysis of routine data and key informant interviews supplemented by analysis of published literature, legal and regulatory documents, ministerial orders and reports. Results: Mental health care services are still largely provided in hospitals, although the need for more community-based and rehabilitation services is widely recognised. Resource allocation and provider payment systems remain largely unchanged from Soviet times and favour large inpatient institutions, creating incentives for hospitals to maintain a large number of beds and staff. Community-based social services and human resources remain limited, especially in the areas of social work, housing support and vocational rehabilitation, but co-operation across sectors at local level is growing. Conclusion: In Russia, the pace of reform in the mental health system will be helped if financial resource allocation mechanisms and provider payment systems are also reformed, so that resources follow individuals regardless of where they are treated. Such major health system shifts can only be achieved through changes at the Federal level and require major political will. Additional transitional funding is also required to help develop the necessary alternative community-based services. The nature of mental health disorders mean that this is not a problem faced within the health system alone, greater attention needs to be placed also on how to maximise the cross sector benefits especially with the social protection and employment sectors.

1997

As regional trading arrangements (RTAs) have spread, enlarged and deepened over the last decade, they have posed challenges to economists on both intellectual and policy levels. On the former, do RTAs stimulate growth and investment, facilitate technology transfer, shift comparative advantage towards high value-added activities, provide credibility to reform programs, or induce political stability and cooperation? Or do they, on the other hand, divert trade in inefficient directions and undermine the multilateral trading system?

2006, Health Care Management Science

2006, Government Information Quarterly

2006, Proceedings of the 2006 …

To provide card holder authentication while they are conducting an electronic transaction using mobile devices, VISA and MasterCard independently pro-posed two electronic payment protocols: Visa 3D Secure and MasterCard Secure Code. The... more

2000, Policy Research Working Papers

Countries differ in the extent to which their financial systems are bank-based or market-based. This paper presents evidence on the impact of financial development and structure on bank performance using bank-level data for a large number of developed and developing countries. For countries that have underdeveloped financial systems, we show that a move towards a more developed financial system reduces bank profitability and margins. Controlling for both bank and market development, financial structure per se does not have an independent effect on bank performance.

2006, Health Policy

Estonia has successfully implemented and scaled-up multifaceted PHC reforms, including new organisational structures, user choice of family physicians (FPs), new payment methods, specialist training for family medicine, service contracts... more

2008, Journal of Networks

As the Internet becoming popular, many sectors such as banking and other financial institutions are adopting e-services and improving their Internet services. However, the e-service requirements are also opening up new opportunity to commit financial fraud. Internet banking fraud is one of the most serious electronic crimes (e-crimes) and mostly committed by unauthorised users. This paper presents a new dynamic key generation scheme that facilitates a fraud prevention mechanism. In the proposed scheme, a combination of a biometric feature such as a fingerprint [10] and smart card [6][11] is used to effectively confirm the users' identity and prevents illegal attempts. It also eliminates the need for storing a long-term shared key which makes the system insecure during transactions. We show that the new scheme is secure against various kinds of attacks.

2004, Eprint Arxiv Cs 0412011

PayPal is an account-based system that allows anyone with an email address to send and receive online payment s. This service is easy to use for customers. Members can instantaneously send money to anyone. Recipients are informed by email that they have received a payment. PayPal is also available to people in 38 countries. This paper starts with introduction to the company and its services. The information about the history and the current company situation are covered. Later some interesting and different technical issues are discussed. The Paper ends with analysis of the company and several future recommendations.