Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR) Research Papers (original) (raw)

— The Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system has gained widespread attention during the last decade, leading to the development of several techniques for PAPR reduction. To benefit from these techniques while overcoming their inherent shortcomings, more recent work shows the use of hybrid variants of these techniques. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the hybrid techniques adapted for PAPR reduction. We also comment on the computational complexity and practicability of these approaches. Furthermore the paper covers a variety of hybrid techniques combining simple schemes e.g. clipping, companding and more complex schemes such as partial transmit sequence.

A crest factor reduction scheme for classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed under the name of reduced subcarrier index modulation (RIM). This scheme not only focuses to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the classical OFDM and subcarrier index modulation (SIM) but also provides better spectral performance. The proposed scheme is also fed with cyclic prefix modules to reduce the effects of inter-channel interference (ISI). The detailed explanation of this scheme is illustrated in this work, together with proper observations and calculations.

- by Rohan Nandy and +1
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- Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR), PAPR Reduction in OFDM systems, Bandwidth enhancement, PAPR reduction
- by MADHUSMITA MISHRA and +1
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- Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR), LDPC codes

Let E 1, E 2, …, E N be independent and identically distributed exponential random variables, and let Y=veei=1NY = \vee _{i = 1}^NY=veei=1N and S = ∑i = 1N E i be their maximum and sum, respectively. We review distributional properties of the peak to sum and peak to average ratios, R = Y ∕ S and tildeR=Y/(S/N)\tilde{R} = Y/(S/N)tildeR=Y/(S/N) respectively, with deterministic N, and provide an extension to the case where N is itself a random variable, independent of the {E j }. Our results include explicit formulas for the relevant density and distribution functions, which apply to any distribution of N, as well as a particular example with geometrically distributed N. An example from climatology shows modeling potential of these models.

- by Hasnain Lakdawala
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- Soc, OFDM, Power Generation, Power Control
- by Bill Vassilakis
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- Power Electronics, Distortion, Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR), Linearization

In this paper, the design, implementation, and experimental results of a high-efficiency dual-band GaN-HEMT Doherty power amplifier (DPA) are presented. An extensive discussion about the design of the passive structures is presented showing different possible topologies of the dual-band DPA. One of the proposed topologies is used to design a dual-band DPA in hybrid technology for the frequency bands 1.8 and 2.4 GHz with the second efficiency peak at 6-dB output power back-off (OBO). For a continuous-wave output power of 20 W, the measured power-added efficiency (PAE) is 64% and 54% at 1.8 and 2.4 GHz, respectively. At -dB OBO, the resulting measured PAEs were 60% and 44% in the two frequency bands. Linearized concurrent modulated measurement using 10-MHz LTE signal with 7-dB peak-to-average-ratio (PAR) at 1.8 GHz and 10-MHz WiMAX signal with 8.5-dB PAR at 2.4 GHz shows an average PAE of 34%, at an adjacent channel leakage ratio of -48 dBc and -46 dBc at 1.8 and 2.4 GHz, respectively.

- by Paul Saad
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- Power Generation, Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR), Power Amplifier, High Efficiency

Recently, Home Energy Management (HEM) controllers have been widely used for residential load management in a smart grid. Generally, residential load management aims to reduce the electricity bills and also curtail the Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR). In this paper, we design a HEM controller on the basis of four heuristic algorithms: Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO), and Wind Driven Optimization (WDO). Moreover, we proposed a hybrid algorithm which is Genetic BPSO (GBPSO). All the selected algorithms are tested with the consideration of essential home appliances in Real Time Pricing (RTP) environment. Simulation results show that each algorithm in the HEM controller reduces the electricity cost and curtails the PAR. GA based HEM controller performs relatively better in term of PAR reduction; it curtails approximately 34% PAR. Similarly, BPSO based HEM controller performs relatively better in term of cost reduction, as it reduces approximately 36% cost. Moreover, GBPSO based HEM controller performs better than the other algorithms based HEM controllers in terms of both cost reduction and PAR curtailment.

- by A.H.M. Razibul Islam
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- Radio over fiber, Volterra series, Impulse response, Cost effectiveness

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered as most efficient technique for future wireless communication systems due to its higher spectral bandwidth efficiency, robustness to frequency selective fading channels, etc. However, the successful implementation of the OFDM system necessitates several difficulties. The biggest disadvantage to work with OFDM system is its high peak-to-average power ratio PAPR leadsto severe inter carrier interference, out-of-band radiation, and poor bit error rate performance due to the nonlinearity of the high power amplifier. In this paper, a novel hybrid technique is proposed to reduce PAPR further and comparison has been done with conventional techniques as well. Simulated results are presentedconfirm theoretical results.MATLAB 7.5 is used to simulate the results for system parametersconsidered. KEYWORDS Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), selected mapping (SLM), partial transmit sequences (

- by Ibrahim Al-kebsi
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- Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR), Power Amplifier

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the Strong candidate for Transmission of high data rate due to Multicarrier Modulation. One of the challenging Issue of OFDM is its high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR or PAR). This Paper discusses different PAPR Reduction techniques in
OFDM. The Classical Clipping, Selective Mapping, Tone reservation and Partial Transmit sequence Technique is used in this paper. Through the Analysis, it is shown that Clipping on 4-PAM is better thanQPSK and 4-QAM with 64 subcarriers and Classical clipping is better than other techniques using QPSKmodulation with 64 subcarriers.

Multiple inputs multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive transmission technique for high bit-rate communication systems. MIMO-OFDM has become a promising candidate for high performance 4G broadband wireless communications. One main disadvantage of OFDM is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitter's output signal. Selected-Mapping (SLM) scheme which does not require the transmission of side information and can reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in turbo coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed. Simulation results show that the system can achieve significant reduction in PAPR and satisfactory bit error rate performance over AWGN channels. KEYWORDS Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR), Selective Mapping (SLM), Complementary Cummulative Distribution Function (CCDF), Bit Error Rate (BER).

- by Vallavaraj Athinarayanan
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- OFDM, Bit Error Rate, BER, Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR)

This paper is concerned with the performance improvement of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency
division multiplexing (OFDM) signal using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Note that OFDM
is one of the well adept multi-carrier multiplexing transmission scheme which has been implemented in
long term evolution (LTE) downlink. Nonetheless peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the more rattling
problem with OFDM, consequently in this paper a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using amplitude
clipping and filtering is proposed. Here we used IIR bandpass elliptic filter after amplitude clipping to
reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) is also canvased as a new
filter based clipping method. Our results show that the proposed methodology of clipping method with the
IIR elliptic band pass filter significantly reduces the PAPR value.

- by Guido Montorsi
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- Distributed Computing, Signal Processing, Nonlinear dynamics, Channel Coding
- by Fadhel Ghannouchi
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- Signal Processing, Digital Signal Processing, Optimization, Masking
- by Peter Händel
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- Telecommunications, OFDM, Distortion, Radio Frequency
- by A. Al-dweik and +1
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- Engineering, Technology, Complexity Theory, Bit Error Rate
- by Said Boussakta and +1
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- Computational Complexity, Fading Channel, Multidisciplinary, High Frequency

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an emerging research field of wireless communication. It is one of the most proficient multi-carrier transmission techniques widely used today as broadband wired & wireless applications having several attributes such as provides greater immunity to multipath fading & impulse noise, eliminating inter symbol interference (ISI), inter carrier interference (ICI) & the need for equalizers. OFDM signals have a general problem of high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. The drawback of high PAPR is that the dynamic range of the power amplifier (PA) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC). In this paper, an improved scheme of amplitude clipping & filtering method is proposed and implemented which shows the significant improvement in case of PAPR reduction while increasing slight BER compare to an existing method. Also, the comparative studies of different parameters will be covered.

This paper describes the implementation of OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) for optical wireless systems using non-coherent light. In particular, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiodes (PDs) are considered. The paper shows how classical OFDM is adapted to optical system constraints. Several key OFDM design issues are studied. In this context it is demonstrated that the impact of the cyclic prefix (CP) length on power and bandwidth efficiencies is negligible. Similarly, the effect of the Doppler frequency shift on intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) optical transmission is discussed. The challenge of a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) OFDM signal in the presence of LED nonlinear behavior is highlighted. An approach to estimate the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system and to determine the required analog-to-digital converter (ADC) resolution to achieve a target system SNR is introduced.

- by Chintha Tellambura
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- Distributed Computing, Computational Complexity, ABC, Algorithm

High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is one of the major drawbacks in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The high PAPR increases the complexity of Analogue to Digital (A/D) and Digital to Analogue (D/A) converters and... more

Several high-speed wireless systems use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) due to its advantages. 5G has adopted OFDM and is expected to be considered beyond 5G (B5G). Meanwhile, OFDM has a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem. Hybridization between two PAPR reduction techniques gains the two techniques’ advantages. Hybrid precoding-companding techniques are attractive as they require small computational complexity to achieve high PAPR reduction gain. Many precoding-companding techniques were introduced to increasing the PAPR reduction gain. However, reducing Bit Error Rate (BER) and out-of-band (OOB) radiation are more significant than increasing PAPR reduction gain. This paper proposes a new precoding-companding technique to better reduce the BER and OOB radiation than previous precoding-companding techniques. Results showed that the proposed technique outperforms all previous precoding-companding techniques in BER enhancement and OOB radiation reduction. The proposed technique reduces the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) by 15 dB compared with 10 dB for the best previous technique. Additionally, the proposed technique increases high power amplifier efficiency (HPA) by 11.4%, while the best previous technique increased HPA efficiency by 9.8%. Moreover, our proposal achieves PAPR reduction gain better than the most known powerful PAPR reduction technique with a 99% reduction in required computational complexity. View Full-Text

The performance of MIMO-OFDM network gets affected due to problems in the channel estimation which is essential for designing receivers. The issues in MIMO are due to sizable inadequate Cyclic Prefix (CP) in admired Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), a massive amount of detection error and channel estimation problem occurs due to which performance delay turn out. This paper proposes a solution, its implementation and analysis of results. The article uses the BAT and Modified Flower Pollination (MFP) algorithm for optimizing the CP length. Minimum CP length gets considered to achieve better throughput for the same MFP algorithm. This algorithm has been proposed to optimize CP length to achieve minimum error rate of bit (BER) and PAPR-Peak to average power ratio, thereby maximizing the spectrum efficiency. For comparing the efficacy of optimized CP and unoptimized CP, the paper examines the results obtained on studying the performance in the spectrum. The performance of BAT and MFP algorithm are compared with each other to determine the better optimization methodology for the problem.

- by S Nandi
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- MIMO-OFDM systems, Channel Estimation, Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR), Cyclic Prefix

A major drawback of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals is extremely high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Signals with high PAPR lead to a lowering of the energy efficiency of power amplifiers and the shortened operation time causes a serious problem in battery-powered wireless terminals. We have found the CAZAC precoding makes the PAPR of M-array quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) OFDM signals into the PAPR of M-QAM single-carrier signals. Therefore, it can dramatically improve the PAPR of OFDM signals. However, to satisfy the 3GPP-LTE specification of frequency spectrum, severe bandpass filtering of CAZAC-OFDM signal lead to unacceptable regrowth of the PAPR. The paper provides available control procedure for PAPR and spectrum managements. It is confirmed that the CAZAC-OFDM signal controlled by our procedure maintains enough low PAPR and can provide comparable spectral specifications in the downlink channel of 3GPP-LTE standard.

- by Juan Cousseau
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- Engineering, Technology, Power Electronics, Comparative Study

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is a promising candidate for 4G broadband wireless communications. However, MIMO-OFDM inherited the problem of high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) from OFDM. Many PAPR reduction techniques were developed in last two decades to reduce the PAPR of OFDM, among them Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) and Selected Mapping (SLM) show a highly successful PAPR reduction performance. In literature there are three well known approaches for extending SLM and PTS to MIMO-OFDM namely ordinary (oSLM/oPTS), simplified (sSLM/sPTS), and directed (dSLM/dPTS). Hybrid SLM-PTS techniques combine SLM and PTS in four different ways to reduce the required computational complexity lower than both SLM and PTS. Here, we will show the performance of applying ordinary and simplified approaches on the Hybrid SLM-PTS techniques in MIMO-OFDM system. Also, we will investigate the possibility of applying directed approach to Hybrid SLM-PTS techniques by means of proposed approach that combining dSLM and dPTS in one approach.

- by Mohamed Mounir and +1
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- MIMO-OFDM systems, Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR), PAPR Reduction in OFDM systems, Papr Reduction In Mimo-ofdm System
- by Juan Cousseau
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- Low Power, Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR), High Power, Power Amplifier
- by Hikmet Sari and +1
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- Wireless Network, Bit Error Rate, Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR), Block Codes
- by Jesus Oliver
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- High Frequency, Peak-to-Average power ratio (PAPR), Power Supply, Power Amplifier

The growth of wireless communication technologies has been producing the intense demand for high-speed, efficient, reliable voice & data communication. As a result, third generation partnership project (3GPP) has implemented next generation wireless communication technology long term evolution (LTE) which is designed to increase the capacity and speed of existing mobile telephone & data networks. LTE has adopted a multicarrier transmission technique known as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers. One major generic problem of OFDM technique is high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. A trade-off is necessary for reducing PAPR with increasing bit error rate (BER), computational complexity or data rate loss etc. In this paper, two clipping based filtering methods have been implemented & also analyzed their modulation effects on reducing PAPR.