Philip II of Macedonia Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025

The first recorded collaborative effort between the Macedonian and Cypriot kingdoms was during Alexander's naval battle against the Persians, where Cypriot kings provided aid in the prolonged siege of Tyre in 332 BC (Arr. Anab. 2, 20-22; Plut. Alexandros 24, 2). This military and naval conflict escalated into a battle to invent new weapons and methods of destroying them, and skilled artisans in siege warfare were recruited from both Phoenicia and Cyprus (Arr. Anab. 2, 23). Macedonians led the siege, while Cypriots provided aid and support. The Greek Koine language, which prevailed during the Hellenistic Period, proved to be the most significant advantage of the Cypriots over other allies of Alexander, allowing them to exchange experiences easily and directly in various fields beyond martial arts. Despite Demetrius' victory over Ptolemy at Salamis in 306 BC, he could not hold Cyprus, which eventually came under the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt in 294 BC. Salamis, the most significant Cypriot city, immediately became the seat of the Ptolemaic Governor. However, in the 2 nd century BC, the administrative centre of the Ptolemies was transferred to Paphos, which was located closer to Alexandria and had a better port than Salamis-Arsinoe. The port of Salamis had likely fallen into disrepair due to silting. The political and economic control of Cyprus by a dominant power brought peace and,

2025, Journal of Archaeological Science

The Great Tumulus of Vergina (Aegae) is considered to be the royal burial complex of the Macedonian kings. Beneath it four tombs were discovered, labeled Tomb I, II, III and IV. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the identities of the occupants of the "royal tombs", but without scientific backing. We present new data from Tomb I ("The Tomb of Persephone"), which contained inhumed (unburnt), in situ and commingled adult skeletal remains, as well as commingled nonadult and animal bones. We applied a range of scientific techniques, including radiocarbon dating, ancient DNA (aDNA), strontium and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis, supported by osteological and odontological observations on the adult and nonadult bones found in Tomb I to provide concrete evidence for the date of burials, sex, age at death and origin of the individuals interred in this tomb. Our results show that, with the exception of four bones that were identified as female, all the adult bones are male according to the aDNA and osteological results, and they belonged to a man aged 25-35 years with a stature of approximately 167 cm. Radiocarbon dating places this burial in the first half of the 4th century calBC, specifically between 400 and 367 calBC, and by applying a potential collagen offset correction this is slightly shifted to 388-356 calBC at the latest. The female bones date to the same period. However, all the nonadults and animal bones, date to the Roman period from 150 calBC, the earliest to 130 calAD the latest. Therefore, these are not related to the primary adult burials. The male occupant was most likely an important Macedonian royal of the Argead/Temenid house who died in the period 388-356 calBC and was probably honored or worshipped in the shrine above and entombed likely together with a female. Previous suggestions that the skeletal remains belong to Philip II, his wife Cleopatra and newborn child are not scientifically sustainable.

2025, Εισήγηση στο Συνέδριο "Διευρυμένη Σκηνογραφία, Περφόρμανς και Δημόσιος Χώρος"

Εισήγηση στο Συνέδριο "Διευρυμένη Σκηνογραφία, Περφόρμανς και Δημόσιος Χώρος" 17- 20/4/ 2024 ΕΚΠΑ Αθήνα παρουσιάζει μια βιωματική εξερεύνηση του χώρου και την πρακτική συμμετοχικού σχεδιασμού performance στο Α’ Νεκροταφείο Πάτρας. Το... more

2025

Tradução da biografia do poeta e filósofo cético Tímon de Fliunte, escrita por Diógenes Laércio, biógrafo e doxógrafo grego.

2025

A historical discussion of the recently published article titled:
NEW SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR THE HISTORY AND OCCUPANTS OF TOMB I (“TOMB OF PERSEPHONE”) IN THE GREAT TUMULUS AT VERGINA,Yannis Maniatis, Konstantina Drosou, Miren Iraeta Orbegozo, Dorothea Mylopotamitaki,Terence A. Brown, Keri Brown, Robert Frei, Sahra Talamo, Hannes Schroeder, Theodore G. Antikas, Laura Wynn-Antikas. Journal of Archaeological Science 179C (2025) 106234

2025

Macedonia was an ancient Greek kingdom which was founded around the 8th century B.C. in the northern part of the Greek world by the Argead dynasty, members of which, were Philip II and Alexander III known as Alexander the Great. While... more

2025

2025, Asiática: Miscelánea de orientes

Asiática: Miscelánea de orientes, vol. 1, n° 1 (primer semestre, 2024), págs. 8-27. Traducción al castellano del artículo "Greek Hoplites in an Ancient Chinese Siege", publicado originalmente en Journal of Asian History, vol. 45, n° 1/2... more

2025, Archaeology

A stretch of Italian farmland concealed one of the small cities that powered the empire

2025, C. Wolff, ed., Le métier de soldat dans le monde romain (Lyon: Presse de l’Université de Lyon) 417-49

Prof. Jay Luvaas (1927-2009), military historian and inspiration Nearly a half century ago, Jay Luvaas, a noted historian of both American and Early Modern European military history (later professor at the U.S. Army War College, 1982-95), published a brief hilarious satire comparing generals of the American Civil War (1861-65). He posited rival baseball teams of Union and Confederate generals (managed by Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee respectively) and assigned players to playing positions based on historians' characterizations of their military leadership and effectiveness. 1 In the spirit of Lucian's Dialogues of the Dead and Julian's Caesares, Luvaas satirized a staple of the so-called « old military history », comparisons of generals, as if athletes playing the same game on similar fields under an identical set of rules. Military history and fantasy baseball are not quite the same thing, although comparison of generals has -as I shall demonstrate -been part of military history from the beginning. Such comparisons, representative of "counterfactual history" and certainly fantasies in themselves (if viewed seriously), may reflect in some cases war-gaming rather than legitimate historical inquiry. 2 Comparisons can illustrate, however, the métier of generalship and, particularly for Antiquity, reveal a set of categories, only partially manifest in surviving texts of ancient military theory, which underlie rankings and evaluations. From another perspective, examination of the historical practice of comparing generals concerns the lists of the so-called "Great Captains." [[418]] Composition of such lists began in the Renaissance, but reflected a mythical military "hall of fame" derived from Antiquity. Comparisons of generals in (e.g.) Nepos, Livy, Plutarch, Lucian, and Julian offered precedents. Alexander the Great and especially Julius Caesar garnered the most attention. Three periods of comparing generals can be discerned for purposes of this discussion: first, Antiquity from Archilochus to Julian's Caesares; second, creation of the modern practice from the fifteenth to the early nineteenth century (roughly Petrarch to Napoleon I); and the current phenomenon from 1

2025, LA LEGIÓN MANIPULAR ROMANA Y LA FALANGE MACEDÓNICA: UN BREVE ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO

This paper is framed within the debate on how decisive the tactical characteristics of the Roman legions were in defeating the Greek phalanxes. The Romans developed a new way of waging war, motivated by the particular characteristics of their enemies on Italian soil (Gauls and Samnites). Faced with the need to fight in rough terrain and against formations with great maneuverability, such as those of the Gauls, they abandoned the static phalanx formation and developed a combat formation and tactics with greater flexibility and maneuverability. This flexible formation allowed them to defeat the battle formation par excellence in the Mediterranean: the phalanx. This type of formation proved to be cumbersome against a much more flexible and adaptive enemy, capable of fighting in almost any type of terrain and against any type of enemy. Although, kings like Pyrrhus of Epirus posed a serious threat to the city of Latium, the Romans were able to overcome him, as well as the Macedonian phalanxes they would face in the mid-2nd century BC. Macedonian defeats, such as that at Pydna (168 BC), clearly demonstrated that the decline of the phalanx had arrived, while the Roman military machine had no rival to stop it. This paper will offer a comparative analysis between the Roman legion and the Macedonian phalanx, breaking down the characteristics of each and emphasizing their respective strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, it will refer to the most representative battles between Romans and Greeks, identifying the key factors that led to Rome’s victory. To carry out this analysis, primary sources such as Polybius or Titus Livius and specialized bibliographic sources will be used, as well as explanatory images.

2025

International Hellenic University
School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Economics
Ma in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History of Macedonia
Spring semester coursework 2024

2025

The ancient theater in Macedonia is an important and integral part of the Macedonian city with numerous social, political, religious, cultural and educational applications. It is included as a basic public building in the initial planning... more

2025, Religião, conectividades e conflitos no Mediterrâneo antigo

Este capítulo explora a produção de imagens de caça ao leão de Alexandre Magno, tendo como personagens principais dois de seus sucessores: Crátero e Lisímaco. Argumenta-se que as imagens cinegéticas do conquistador tinham grande importância como ferramenta de legitimação de poder no cenário de múltiplos conflitos que se instalou após sua morte.

2025, Religião, conectividades e contatos no Mediterrâneo antigo

2025

Έχοντας υπόψη το ιστορικό και πολιτισμικό συγκείμενο της ανάπτυξης του ηθο¬γραφικού διηγήματος, στη μελέτη μας επικεντρωνόμαστε στην ανάλυση της μυθοπλαστικής σχέσης χριστιανών και μουσουλμάνων στην πολυπολιτισμική Θράκη του ύστερου 19ου και των αρχών του 20ου αιώνα. Επιχειρούμε μία δι¬επιστημονική προσέγγιση, όπου διασταυρώνονται οι αρχές της λογοτεχνικής εικονολογίας με τη λαογραφική έρευνα. Εστιάζουμε σε διηγήματα των Γ. Μ. Βιζυηνού, Αρ. Π. Κουρτίδη και Πολύδωρου Παπαχριστοδούλου, όπου οι μυθοπλαστικοί ήρωες δρουν στον χώρο της Ανατολικής Θράκης και βιώνουν άμεσα την αλληλεπίδραση χριστιανικών και μουσουλμανικών λατρευτικών εθί¬μων και τελετουργιών. Συνδυάζουμε την εικονολογική μελέτη της θρησκευτικής συμπεριφοράς των δρώντων προσώπων και τον σχολιασμό των πρακτικών της λαϊκής θρησκευτικότητας με βάση λαογραφικό υλικό από την Ανατολική Θράκη στο πλαίσιο της διερεύνησης της κατασκευής τοπικών ταυτοτήτων στα τέλη του 19ου και στις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα.

2025, Balkan Parallels. Proceedings of the international conference dedicated to the 30th anniversary of Balkan Studies at the University of Sofia Saint Kliment Ohridski

Thanasis V. Kougoulos – Emmanouil G. Varvounis, “The coexistence of Christians and Muslims in 19th century Thrace according to the Greek ethographic short story”, στο Русана Бейлери – Екатерина Търпоманова / Russana Beyleri – Ekaterina... more

2025, in M. Salvadori, M. Baggio, L. Zamparo (a cura di), Forma e Immagine Vasi, cultura e società tra Grecia e Magna Grecia , Padova 2024, pp. 143-157

ARTIFICIA 1 FORME, IMMAGINI E CONTESTI ARTIFICIA Forme, immagini e contesti collana diretta da Monica Salvadori e Monica Baggio 1 ARTIFICIA Forme, immagini e contesti collana diretta da Monica Salvadori e Monica Baggio Questa collana si propone come un luogo dove dibattere temi legati all'arte classica, i cui studi, sempre vivi ed attuali, negli ultimi anni hanno visto una profonda trasformazione negli approcci. La comprensione del fenomeno artistico nelle società antiche richiede, infatti, un articolato processo di interpretazione, condotto secondo un metodo interdisciplinare, volto a coniugare le pratiche artigianali con le esigenze della società. Iconografia e iconologia, tecniche artistiche, organizzazione delle botteghe, circolazione dei modelli costituiranno i principali filoni di ricerca attraverso i quali ricomporre i lacerti di un quadro straordinariamente complesso, per comprendere il quale giocano un ruolo fondamentale anche le fonti letterarie. La riflessione sui metodi di selezione e interpretazione del linguaggio figurativo, tra età classica ed ellenistica, mondo greco e mondo romano, sarà aperta anche alle elaborazioni del Medioevo, del Rinascimento ed oltre, nell'ottica della tradizione, ricezione e interpretazione dei modelli antichi. This Editorial Series aims to become a place to debate topics relating to Classical Art, the approaches to which have witnessed a profound transformation in recent years. Indeed, understanding the artistic phenomenon in ancient societies requires an articulate process to be pursued through an interdisciplinary method meant to wed artisanal practices and the needs of society. The main research lines will consist of iconography and iconology, artistic techniques, workshop organization, and the circulation of models. Thereby, an extraordinarily complex context could be recomposed from its fragments. Literary sources will also play a pivotal role in reconstructing such a context. The study of the methods of selection and interpretation of figurative languages between the Classical and Hellenistic ages and the Greek and Roman worlds will encompass further developments over the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and beyond from the perspective of tradition, reception, and interpretation of ancient models.

2025, Collegium Beatus Rheanus n°26

Two major buildings at Delphi are identified as Macedonian offerings; the first (formerly the second temple of Athena) is the synedrion, the building where the amphictiony meets, and the second (improperly called "tholos") is a Heroon for... more

2025

Durante milenios el magnicidio de Filipo de Macedonia ha suscitado todo tipo de acusaciones, teorías e hipótesis. Obviamente, buena parte de tales elaboraciones dirige miradas acusadoras a Alejandro Magno, por el evidente hecho de ser el gran beneficiado con tal crimen. Semejante realidad, exige un análisis basado tanto en el método histórico como jurídico y forense, de tal manera que permita desmontar mitos y señalamientos precipitados para finalmente arrojar luces sobre los determinadores o autores intelectuales de este regicidio. En efecto, el asesinato del padre y primer maestro de Alejandro Magno sigue despertando el interés no sólo entre los amantes de la Historia, sino así mismo el gran público. De esta manera, puede resolverse un interrogante tan apasionante como ilustrativo: ¿Alejandro Magno es culpable de la muerte de su padre Filipo? A continuación se presentan los resultados de una investigación basada en la Ciencia Histórica, la Historiología o la Historiografía, así como la teoría jurídica de las pruebas judiciales, o la investigación forense entre otras disciplinas empleadas.

2025

Pour les notables, le don au corps civique, quel qu'il soit, se dessine comme une occasion particulièrement favorable de se distinguer par des largesses et des prodigalités. En ce point, l'évergétisme est une caractéristique des sociétés gréco-romaines qui se présente sous diverses formes et revêt le visage d'évergètes bien différents. C'est donc à travers l'étude d'une inscription latine découverte en Afrique romaine, que nous nous intéressons au cas singulier d'un évergète : le premier flamine munéraire de Théveste. Ce notable ne manque pas de manifester sa singularité non seulement par l'évergésie qu'il prodigue à sa communauté, mais aussi par l'affirmation de sa position sociale en exaltant le statut et les dignités de ses ascendants.

2025, In: F. Colivicchi, & M. McCallum (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of the Archaeology of Urbanism in Italy in the Age of Roman Expansion (pp. 428-453)

Over the last few decades, important progress has been made in the study of the impact of the Roman con‐ quest on southern Italic societies. Archaeological research has fueled the debate by providing vital new information on the urban and rural settlement changes that occurred in the fourth to the first centuries BCE. As a result, the main developments that occurred at the time that the region was increasingly incorporated into the expanding Roman empire are well understood. Nevertheless, some essential questions remain to be answered, especially those regarding the causal relationship between these developments and Roman colonial agency. The problem has also been highlighted in Roman archaeology more generally, and a series of recent studies have sought to disentangle various societal trends from Roman intervention, notably in the areas of culture and socioeconomy. Such studies argue for more complex, dynamic understandings that take local, regional, and wider processes into account, and consider multiple actors. Key scholars in this area are the late Douwe Yntema and Enzo Lippolis. Both have been invaluable teachers and colleagues to us, and in this chapter, we will pay homage to these great individuals. The aim is to contribute to their important studies, and to the academic the debate in general, by analyzing the development of three settlement sites in the Melfese area of present‐day Basilicata between the fourth and first centuries BCE.

2025, S. Caneva – A. Coppola (a cura di), Fisicità e voce, gesto e ornamento nella comunicazione politica greca fra VI e IV sec. a.C., Coop. Libraria Editrice Università di Padova, Padova

Diodorus, one of our main sources on Philip of Macedon, does not report
the content of the king’s speeches, limiting himself to presenting a summary
of them. Nevertheless, especially for some episodes, he highlights the
king’s ability to combine promises and deeds. Thus, Philip followed up the
incitement to valour in battle with personal examples of military bravery,
and the promise of benefits with the distribution of gifts. This was a skilful
strategy which, relying on the close link between logos and praxis, aimed at
gaining and/or strengthening the consent of soldiers and allies in complex
or extremely dangerous situations.

2025, Тульский научный вестник. Серия История. Языкознание. Вып. 3 (19). 2024. – Тула: ТГПУ им. Л.Н. Толстого, 2024. – С. 8 – 23.

The article examines the actions of the Macedonian king Philip II’s army and the anti-Macedonian coalition troops of the in Central Greece during the time immediately preceding the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC. The author states that military activity began in the autumn of 339 BC, when, as part of the Expansion of Macedonia, Philip invaded the region and unexpectedly captured the city of Elatea, which was of great strategic importance. The result was the rapid advance of the Athenian army into Boeotia and the formation of the Athenian-Theban coalition, which some other policies joined a little later. The Greek forces took up two defensive positions separated by Mount Parnassus. The first was at the Amphissa in the Gravia Pass. The first was located at Amphissa in the Gravian Mountain Pass, where 10,000 mercenaries led by Hares and Proxenus were stationed. The civilian militia of the Greek polis occupied an area convenient for defence on the banks of the river Kefissus near Parapotamia. It was a defensive strategy that corresponded to the attitudes of the Greek military of the 4th century BC and took into account the earlier experience of opposing Philip. In the winter of 339 – 338 BC, there were presumably no large-scale military operations. As part of the spring-summer campaign, Philip managed, thanks to disinformation, to carry out a surprise attack and clear Gravia Pass, defeating a tenthousandth corps of Greek mercenaries. The author indicates that this forced the civil militia of the anti-Macedonian union to leave their positions at the Parapotamii, and Philip had the opportunity to meet with the already somewhat weakened Greek forces in more favorable conditions at Chaeronea.

2025

International Hellenic University
School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Economics
Ma in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History of Macedonia
Spring semester coursework 2024

2025

The archaeological data found in northern Greece, combined with corresponding findings from Thessaly and the testimonies from Attica, the Peloponnese and Crete, strengthen the view of the identification of the religion of the ancient... more

2025, A negociação do passado macedônico na polêmica de Políbio contra Teopompo

Tanto na Antiguidade como hoje, memória e historiografia são formas indissociáveis da relação humana com o passado. Políbio (c. 200 – c. 117 A.E.C.), enquanto membro da elite da Confederação Aqueia, precisava avaliar as formas de dependência em um contexto de transição do império macedônico para o romano. Partindo da análise da polêmica em que Políbio aproxima Tucídides e Teopompo (Histórias, VIII, 11, 3), trabalhamos a hipótese de que o seu objetivo com a distinção entre uma “história dos gregos” e uma “história de Filipe II” era o de negociar o passado macedônico. Para tanto, compreendemos que o autor deveria lidar tanto com os constrangimentos da memória como com os das historiografias helenísticas.

2025, Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World – Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Cologne/Bonn 2018, Vol. 56).

In the present study, chemical analyses were performed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) to investigate the presence and nature of the contents in some pots from children’s... more

2025, REA

Cet article propose un réexamen de l’inscription CIL II 1174, qui décrit la donation alimentaire d’une femme de l’ordre sénatorial. L’interprétation, proposée très rapide par Mommsen et publiée par Hübner a unanimement été acceptée par la communauté scientifique. Le critère d’autorité doit être corrigé à la lumière de textes de érudits espagnols qui ont transmis l’inscription mais aussi grâce à l’étude du support et des données historiques. Abstract This paper presents a new analysis of an inscription (CIL II, 1174) that describes an alimentary foundation established by a woman of senatorial status. The interpretation of this inscription advanced by Mommsen and published by Hübner has been unanimously accepted by modern scholarship. This argument of authority, however, must be questioned both in the light of the texts by Spanish erudites who studied the inscription and on the grounds of the analysis of historical data and the material support.

2025, От Залмоксис до Кетцалкоатл. Изследвания в чест на 65-годишнината на доц. д-р Стефан Йорданов

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the fate of the Odrysian dynasty and the characteristics of Macedonian rule over Southeastern Thrace.

2025, La ricezione dell’ultimo Alessandro. Mirabilia e violenza al di qua e al di là dell’Indo, eds. F. Piccioni, E. Poddighe, T. Pontillo, Beiträge zur Altertumskunde, De Gruyter, Berlin, Boston

What really ties Alexander the Great to people throughout the ages is the dream, the ambition to go beyond the extreme limit. In the combination of the historical figure and the legendary character, which makes up the peculiar physiognomy of the hero whose fame still survives today, real and legendary traits are blurred in the nuances of the contour lines, which determine the boundary between reality and fiction. For this very reason, pages and pages of literature have woven plots to follow up his mortal life, making him the protagonist of a thousand and even more imagined adventures to tell us of that desire to go further and further: where no one had ever gone before, over and beyond, towards the eastern point. Alexander is the hero, the Homo Mirabilis capable of living in the burning flame beyond his mortal existence thanks to his timé. Since the late Hellenistic era, the continuous process of rewriting Alexander's Romance has been perpetuated. Its translations have spread his deeds and fame in numerous different geographical contexts, to the point of taking on peculiar aspects of framework and narrative typification increasingly linked to the indigenous cultural landscape in which they were transmitted. This tale is a kind of sublimation of his actual military expedition, which drives him through the unknown from the West to the East, 'orienting' himself under the firmament of the stars and triggering events of a prodigious order. The Eastern sources about Alexander the Great constitute a counterpart to the Greco-Roman ones and show how his historical figure also exerted an influence in territories not directly affected by his military conquest, such as the caravan routes of the Silk Road. The narratives of Alexander's literary character were thus absorbed into the legendary episodes of indigenous heroic figures, as, for instance, happened in the case of the tradition of the Alexander Romance in Mongolia and China. An example of this is the reception of the episode of the 'Land where the Sun rises' - also reported in the Historia Mongalorum compiled by Giovanni di Pian del Carpine - in connection with the figure of Genghis Khan- who, like Alexander, was the founder of a universal empire that would extend from East to West - or in the episode of the 'Gog and Magog' peoples, mentioned in the Bible, the Koran and the Arabic tradition, which were incorporated into the Mongolian folk tradition. The journey to Mongolia of these legendary themes converged in the ancient and fragmentary manuscript 'TID 155', found during a German archaeological survey at the beginning of the 20th century together with other documents in Turfan, Xinjiang. The image of Alexander can also be glimpsed within Chinese sources. Starting from the Southern Song era (1127-1279), in geographical sources such as Zhao Rugua's Zhufan Zhi and in the coeval Shilin Guangji, compiled by Chen Yuanjing, the ruler is briefly described in a mythical light, with an aura that conveys a faint idea of the splendour - at times even mystical - of his divinised memory. The spread of Alexander the Great's fortune in China can be seen as a legacy that the Arab world donated to the Far East. In Chinese travel literature, news of the unknown and fantastic worlds of the distant West were noted, where the memories and deeds of the conquering hero, wise ruler and builder of unprecedented monumental works persisted.

2025, Roman Times

Bull-griffin protomes were not common on Greek or Macedonian funerary urns of the 4th century BCE. This decorative motif is more closely associated with Eastern traditions, particularly Achaemenid Persian art, where griffins and composite... more

2025, Živa Antika / Antiquité Vivante

The philosopher Plato claims that the Macedonian king Archelaus was the illegitimate son of Perdiccas II and a slave, and that he allegedly killed all the legitimate heirs to the throne and seized royal power in Macedonia by force. Although this story was well known in ancient times, modern scholars question it, either in whole or in part; nevertheless, all attempts to prove that it is unfounded are based on assumptions and inferences from circumstantial arguments. The reassessment of our sources, as well as a comparison with appropriate examples concerning the succession of royal power in Macedon, shows that even if the details of Polus’ speech are extremely doubtful, its essence – the killing of Alcetas, Alexander and little Aero-pus – may be accepted as a historical fact. At the same time, the context of the killings is probably not an invention of Plato, but comes from the propaganda mythoi that were a feature of the dynastic struggles between the Argeadae. What remains unclear is whether this propaganda dates from the time when Archelaus was still fighting for the throne, or whether it emerged later, in the troubled decade after his death and the murder of his son, which ended his lineage.

2025, Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры №4 (86) / Гл. ред М.Г. Абрамзон. – Москва – Магнитогорск – Новосибирск: Издательство Магнитогорского государственного технического университета им. Г.И. Носова, 2024. – С. 76 – 88.

The article analyzes the causes, course and consequences of the military clash between the army of Philip II and the Triballi in 339 BC. It is determined that the prerequisite for the conflict was the Triballi’s claims to part of the spoils captured by Philip after the defeat of the Scythian king Ateas. Having a relatively small army, moreover, burdened with trophy cattle and prisoners, the Macedonian king fell into an ambush prepared by the Thracians. After the Triballi’s demand to cede them part of the spoils was rejected, the extended column of the Macedonian army was suddenly attacked. The Macedonians did not have the opportunity to resort to their usual tactics. In the chaotic battle that unfolded, Philip received a serious wound, repeatedly mentioned in the ancient written tradition, and the Triballi were able to appropriate the Scythian spoils. What happened was possible due to the Thracians’ good command of the “small war” techniques and the miscalculations of the Macedonian command, which did not take into account the vulnerability of its forces and neglected intelligence, which was especially necessary in those conditions. As a result, the authority of the Argead monarchy was undermined, and the Triballi temporarily strengthened their positions in the region.

2024, Περί Διαμετρημάτων και Φυσιγγίων

Σε συζητήσεις, δημόσιες ή ιδιωτικές, σχετικές με τα πυρομαχικά, παρατηρείται μεγάλη ασάφεια και ανακρίβεια. Την κατάσταση επιδεινώνει η ελλειπέστατη ενημέρωση της Ελληνικής Τηλεόρασης. Το παρόν κείμενο αποτελεί μια σύντομη εισαγωγή στην... more

2024, Жива антика / Živa antika (Antiquité vivante) 74, 2024, 147-161

The paper provides some arguments in favour of the opinion that the information, preserved only by Plutarch (Alex. 10.1–4), about an attempt to conclude a military and dynastic alliance between the Carian dynast and satrap Pixodarus and the Macedonian king Philip II at the end of the reign of the latter (the so-called Pixodarus Affair) is at least partially unreliable, especially concerning the role of Arrhidaeus, Alexander’s half-brother. It is very doubtful that Alexander and his mother Olympias feared that after the alleged marriage of Arrhidaeus and Pixodarus’ daughter he would be declared the heir of Philip. It is obvious that after the accession of Alexander in 336, he and Olympias did not perceive Arrhidaeus as a rival and enemy and did not eliminate him unlike a number of the people whom they did consider as a threat or took revenge on them. Arrhidaeus, who became a king after the death of Alexander the Great, was killed on the order of Olympias only in 317, as a rival of her grandson Alexander IV.

2024

In antiquity, the Thessalians and the Macedonians, neighbors on the periphery of the Greek world, were perceived as primitive uncultured boors, whose political instability and proclivity to luxury left them open to collaboration with the Persians, the archetypal foreign enemy of the Greeks. As time went on, these stereotypes gradually shaded into hostile caricatures bearing little relation to reality, a process that heated up after Philip II of Macedon began to replace the Persians as a direct threat to the continued autonomy of the Greek poleis. In this contribution, I reexamine the role that the traditional Argead alliance with the Aleuads of Thessaly played in Philip's ultimate conquest of Greece, thereby contributing to the development of the unflattering stereotypes that they both shared. The close connection between Philip and the Aleuads is also responsible for the retrojection to his Argead predecessor, Archelaos, of an intervention in Thessaly actually waged by Philip's brother, Alexander II.

2024, Семёновские чтения: труды ХIII Всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием памяти профессора В. Ф. Семёнова, г. Москва, 25 марта 2023 г. / под ред. Т. Н. Лощиловой, Е. С. Носовой. – М.: МПГУ, 2024. – С. 39 – 52.

The question of occurrence Macedonian army assembly and the role of this political institution in the Argead kingdom are under consideration in this article. The relevance of the research is due to the accumulation of a large amount of theoretical and analytical material on this issue in the world science of antiquity in the absence of special works in Russian historiography. It is based on the study of the data of the ancient written tradition and the critical analysis of previously put forward concepts, it is stated that the perception is the most justifi ed Macedonian army assembly as a concrete historical phenomenon, which was appeared in the Philip II reign as the result of case creation heavy infantry.

2024, L'infamie: histoires et métamorphoses, dir. Basile Ader, Claude Gauvard, Denis Salas, La Documentation Française

"Peintures infamantes et mort programmée: Erasme pendu en effigie (1506-1524)"
La révolution numérique a profondément ancré le partage des images dans un nouvel espace distributif, qui a parfois conduit à l'inverse de l'idéal à quoi on s'était attendu. La calomnie devenue virale, les pratiques du "shame and blame" sur les réseaux sociaux et les modalités de ces flétrissures numériques invitent à s'interroger sur le destin de l'image dans son articulation à l'infamie, et ce à partir d'une généalogie visuelle et non pas à partir des textes et des gloses. Cet article vise à revenir aux antécédents anciens de l'image infamante, pour en élucider les mécanismes et la grammaire spécifique, à partir du cas d'Erasme.

2024, Brill's Companion to the Campaigns of Philip II and Alexander the Great

This chapter is the Introduction to the new volume focused on the military activity of Philip II and Alexander the Great.

2024, Brill's Companion to the Campaigns of Philip II and Alexander the Great

The men who fought for Philip II and Alexander III of Macedon were not automatons. They were soldiers who experienced a variety of service conditions in the military. Some conditions were terms of enlistment/recruitment and provided by the Macedonian king included, pay, discipline, rewards, length of service, leave, and discharge/retirement. Other conditions were a result of service in the field, including camaraderie, community, wounds, stress, trauma, exhaustion, and plunder. This chapter discusses these aspects of military service experienced by the soldiers serving with Philip and Alexander between 359 and 323. The chapter will also address how service conditions contributed to outbreaks of indiscipline in Philip’s and Alexander’s armies. Such military unrest is a predictable potential problem in armies dependent on discipline for success, such as the Macedonian phalanx. In addition to examining different kinds of indiscipline and its causes the author will address the resolution of such incidents. Due to our sources the chapter will necessarily lean more heavily on Alexander’s reign than Philip’s.

2024, blog alfabetatfe

A continuación, presentamos un breve comentario sobre la serie de televisión alemana ZDF, de 2014, sobre el rey macedonio titulada Alejandro Magno. Se trata de una serie con asesores especialistas que acompañan la proyección de la biografía. Nos vamos a centrar solo n la visión que se da en ella de la batalla de Gaugamela, puesta en relación con otras versiones fílmicas, de series televisivas o las novelas históricas que tratan de lo mismo. Tendremos en cuenta las fuentes antiguas, las escasas, que relatan la batalla. En resumen, se puede decir que la versión que ofrece esta miniserie está abreviada, relata solo lo principal, el movimiento hacia la derecha de Alejandro y su caballería al comienzo de la batalla, y luego, el giro repentino y el ataque directo contra el lugar que ocupa Darío. No pone en escena el ataque de los carros, e incluye también el supuesto lanzamiento de la jabalina de Alejandro contra el rey persa. Así mismo, achaca a Parmenión la culpa de no capturar a Darío tras su fuga en la batalla. Es, por lo tanto, una versión tradicional y con los lugares comunes ya aceptados por las versiones tradicionales. Es claro que hay que agradecer el que se haya puesto el empeño en recrear, ya llevamos más de dos milenios, la figura extraordinaria del rey macedonio, que sigue siendo más o menos popular a estas alturas de la historia.

2024, Revista Arqueologia Pública

O esforço humano para iluminar seus espaços de convivência gerou uma série de artefatos relacionados à iluminação que não tem sido muito explorada pela arqueologia. Este ensaio propõe uma abordagem arqueológica da luz como representando não apenas um recurso natural, mas também um elemento carregado de miticidade que pode ter sido usado em cerimônias religiosas desde o paleolítico. A principal intenção deste ensaio é explorar as possibilidades teóricas de uma "arqueologia da luz", enfocando seus aspectos míticoideológicos.

2024, Классическая и византийская традиция. 2024: сборник материалов XVII международной научной конференции

The article is devoted to the political component of the Odrysian king Sitalka's campaign to Macedonia and Chalkidika in 429 BC. The true reasons for this large-scale military campaign are examined. Written sources allow us to assert that... more

2024, Karanos

The aim of this study is to examine the expansion of the Argead kingdom of Macedon over the region of Pieria, and the role played by the sacred city of Dion in this process. Despite northern Pieria belonging to the core of the Macedonian realm, southern Pieria did not fall under Macedonian sway until the end of the Archaic Age. By using evidence from both literature and archaeology, this paper attempts to reconstruct the assimilation of southern Pieria into the Macedonian kingdom and the way that influenced the development of Dion.

2024, Ktèma, 49, 2024, p. 313-336.

Le pomerium de la ville de Rome Une frontière pour les auspices Résumé-. Considéré généralement comme la frontière « sacrée » qui délimitait l'espace « urbain » de la Ville, le pomerium reste l'une des dernières énigmes de la Rome antique. Cette étude tente de comprendre la nature exacte et la réalité matérielle du pomerium de Rome. Elle s'interroge sur la dimension religieuse de cette « frontière » ainsi que sur son rôle dans l'interruption des auspices, avec ses diverses conséquences institutionnelles. Mais de la fin de la République au début du Principat, les transformations du pouvoir politique et de ses institutions ont entraîné une évolution de ses fonctions et de ses représentations.
Mots-clés : pomerium, urbs, ager, auspices, imperium
Abstract : The pomerium, generally regarded as the « sacred » boundary demarcating the « urban » space of the City, remains one of the last enigmas of ancient Rome. This study attempts to understand the exact nature and the material reality of Rome's pomerium. It discusses the religious dimension of this « boundary » and its role in defining the limit for taking the auspices, with the various institutional consequences this entailed. But from the end of the Republic to the beginning of the Principate, the profound changes in political power and in the attendant institutions caused the functions and representations of the pomerium to evolve.

2024, blog alfabetatfe

La miniserie de Netflix Alejandro. La creación de un dios, recién estrenada este año 2024, recupera para el público televisivo y de las redes una nueva versión cinematográfica de la figura del gran conquistador. La serie ofrece una versión en general muy aceptable y lograda, al desarrollar una historia de emoción y dramatismo atractiva para el gran público, aunque, por otra parte, haya recibido críticas lógicas y bastante serias de historiadores y especialistas. La principal es la de presentar la historia como el enfrentamiento entre dos personalidades, el propio Alejandro y el Gran Rey persa Darío. De esta forma simplifica la gran figura del rey macedonio en tanto que constructor de un nuevo imperio intercultural, y la reduce a un enfrentamiento bélico y personal con su antagonista persa. De hecho, la serie acaba con la muerte de Darío, y deja sin contar la expedición hasta la India y el funesto regreso de la expedición macedonia.
En este breve comentario, nos centraremos en la versión que ofrece el docudrama sobre la batalla de Gaugamela, para poder compararla con otras recreaciones literarias y artísticas.