Photovoltaic Cells Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The present work represents an overview for organic materials and their nano-structuration using carbon nano-tubes. Particular attention is allowed to the polyaniline polymer and single walled carbon nanotubes which are the subject of our theoretical and experimental investigation after their functionalization. In the other hand, we give a detailed report concerning the previously used synthesis methods, incorporating polymers and carbon nanotubes. In fact, the functionalization process needs some technical treatments including purification, nanotubes dispersion and alignment on the organic matrix. Therefore, we give a detailed description of physical and chemical methods used to achieve the functionalization process. Moreover, the aptitude of organic nano-composites for the use as active layers in electronic devices, especially in electroluminescence and photovoltaic conversion is also discussed and evaluated by comparison to those of inorganic conventional semiconductors. The second section of this present work represents a correlation of experimental and theoretical results obtained in our laboratory on the Polyaniline/ single walled carbon nanotube as a prototype of organic nano-composite. The study is focused on the evaluation of the properties of the charge transfer between both components. In this context, Polyanilineemeraldine base (PANIEB) is doped with sulfonic acid in Dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent and mechanically functionalized with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A systematic vibrational and optical study is achieved as a function of SWCNTs weight concentration. Also, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and optical absorption (OA) measurements were achieved. Our aim is to evaluate the functionnalization process between both components and to elucidate the corresponding changes on the optical properties. In this context and to support the charge transfer from doped polyaniline to carbon nanotubes, analogous theoretical study based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) is carried out. This study is based on the optical and vibrational

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- Carbon Nanotubes, Density-functional theory, Photovoltaic Solar Cells, Photovoltaic Cells

Solar energy is one of the most abundant sources of renewable energy for the future. This solar energy can be extracted by PV system. Many methods for PV installation are carried out, such as roof top PV system, dam top PV system; floating PV, canal top PV system etc. In canal top system, PV panels are placed above the water canal which saves installation area and reduces evaporation loss. The performance of any PV system depends mainly on the light intensity, so by a concentrating PV system power output can be increased. The usage of concentrated PV system can bring down the investment cost per kWh. In this paper canal top PV system with reflectors in the inter array spacing are studied. The expected advantage of such a system is that the evaporation loss can be further reduced and additional cooling system may not be required. To get uniform availability of light and to avoid shading on the panels, tilt angle of the panel, inter array spacing and orientation of the reflectors are calculated optimally.

- by GRD JOURNALS and +1
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- Photovoltaics, Hydraulics, Photovoltaic Cells, Cooling of Solar Panels

The harvesting of ambient energy to power small electronic components has received tremendous attention over the last decade. The research goal in this field is to enable self-powered electronic components for use particularly in wireless sensing and measurement. Thermal energy due to temperature gradients, solar energy and ambient vibrations constitute some of the major sources of energy that can be harvested. The process of extracting energy from the surrounding environment is termed as energy harvesting. There are various forms of energy that can be scavenged, like

- by Janaína Almada
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- Renewable Energy, Fuel Cells, Batteries, Microgrid

Due to the increasing penetration of distributed generation, storage, electric vehicles and new ICT technologies, distribution networks are evolving towards the Smart Grid paradigm. For this reason, new control strategies, algorithms and technologies need to be tested and validated before their actual field implementation. In this paper we present a novel modular distributed infrastructure, based on real-time simulation, for multipurpose Smart Grid studies. The different components of the infrastructure are described and the system is applied to a case study based on a real urban district located in northern Italy. The presented infrastructure is shown to be flexible and useful for different and multidisciplinary Smart Grid studies.

- by Edoardo Patti
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- Photovoltaics, 3D GIS, Renewable Energy, Renewable Energy Policies
- by Sambandam Anandan
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- Biotechnology, Photovoltaic Cells, Resistance, Current measurement
- by Andres Horna
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- Photovoltaic Cells, Electric Vehicle
- by Amartya Ghosh and +1
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- Electrical Engineering, Renewable Energy, Solar Energy, Photovoltaic Cells

This paper deals with mathematical modeling and simulation of a photo voltaic cell under normal (without partial shading) and partially shaded conditions to analyze its electrical characteristics. The maximum power that could be generated by a PV System depends on temperature and irradiance variations. The maximum power increases as the irradiance increases and vice versa. While, maximum power decreases as the temperature increases. In order to obtain full utilization from the PV array, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of PV System. The simulation has been performed through Matlab/Simulink environment. This paper also discusses boost converter design, its simulation and output characteristics.

- by IAEME Publication
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- Photovoltaic Cells, Dc-Dc Converters, Cobble Choppers, Inverters

Harnessing the sun as an energy source is of great inter- est in this age of energy crises, and holds our imagination because of its quiet, seemingly magical properties. Photo- voltaic technologies have grown quickly over the past 20 years, and more and more applications of solar power are finding use today. In the arts, solar power is often used as energy sources for public artworks, as a practical matter. These systems typically work in conjunction with batter- ies or other sources of energy in order to ensure a constant voltage and power level. However, an alternate approach is to design the work to use the sun’s energy directly, and exclusively, with the sunlight itself as a functional param- eter of the material. In this paper, we examine the use of photovoltaics in the direct production of sound as a func- tion of its existence. These solarsonic works are designed to use the sun in the same way that wind-based artworks use the wind: they are activated directly, and are totally dependent on the light available in the moment. We sur- vey solarsonic works by several artists, and discuss a se- ries of works by the author, and conclude with a look at what the future may bring.

- by Jared Bielby
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- Photovoltaics, Sonic Art, Sound and Music Computing, Sound studies

Abstract. Over the last three decades, progress in the organic photovoltaic field has resulted in some device features which make organic cells applicable in electricity generation configura-tions where the standard silicon-based technology is not suitable, for instance, when a semi-transparent photovoltaic panel is needed. When the thin film solar cell performance is evaluated in terms of the device’s visible transparency and power conversion efficiency, organic solar cells offer the most promising solution. During the last three years, research in the field has consoli-dated several approaches for the fabrication of high performance semi-transparent organic solar cells. We have grouped these approaches under three categories: devices where the absorber layer includes near-infrared absorption polymers, devices incorporating one-dimensional pho-tonic crystals, and devices with a metal cavity light trapping configuration. We herein review these approaches. © The Authors. Published by...

Removing the heat under the solar cells is important to reduce the thermal noise introduced by the solar. Today, there are many cooler designs. Each design has its own advantages and disadvantages in term of removing the heat under the solar cells. There are several methods currently available to reduce the heat, such as by using heat sink, a tunnel to direct the heat flows, a fan to blow the heat out and so on. As the heat is removed under the solar cells, the temperature of the solar cells drops accordingly. Hence, this cause the solar cells operate in stable mode and less noise is introduced in the DC output. In this research, a new approach to study the heat removal is proposed. The proposed idea is using fins with copper pipes run across the fins. This copper pipe carries water in and out to absorb the heat from the fins. The fins are used to conduct the heat and direct the heat to the copper pipe. It is believed that this method can reduce 85% of heat under the solar cells and it has a great advantage of not introducing the noisy sound when operate in a long time. In order to understand this design and operation, a simulation is carried out using SolidWork to show the thermal flows and how much the temperature can be reduced. SolidWork is chosen because this software has a thermal analysis. SolidWork allows the designer design a 3D object and run the simulation to study the effects. At the end of the research, a temperature reduction with and without using this proposed method will be shown and discussed. The difficulties of the design and detail of the heat flows under this propose method will be discussed and illustrated using appropriate mathematical tools.

- by Muhannad Al-Waily
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- Renewable Energy, Photovoltaic Cells, Heating and cooling systems, Obstacles

In this paper, we are studying about solar air heater. The solar air heater are consisting the several component such as flat glass, collector, D.C. fan, photovoltaic cells and electrical storage system. In this study we are achieving the various type of outlet temperature with the help of D.C. fan and various Mass air flow rate using of simple absorber trays forced convection.

Efficient organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) often contain highly reactive low-work-function calcium electron-collecting electrodes. In this work, efficient OPV are demonstrated in which calcium electrodes were avoided by depositing a thin layer of the amine-containing nonconjugated polymer, polyethylenimine (PEIE), between the photoactive organic semiconductor layer and stable metal electrodes such as aluminum, silver, or gold. Devices with structure ITO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C60-bis-adduct (P3HT:ICBA)/PEIE/Al demonstrated overall photovoltaic device performance comparable to devices containing calcium electron-collecting electrodes, ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:ICBA/Ca/Al, with open-circuit voltage of 775±6 mV, short-circuit current density of 9.1±0.5 mA cm(-2), fill factor of 0.65±0.01, and power conversion efficiency of 4.6±0.3%, averaged over 5 devices at 1 sun.

- by talha khan
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- Chemical Engineering, Microbiology, Biophysics, Materials Science
- by Cihan H Dagli
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- Computer Science, Embedded Systems, Forecasting, Neural Networks

A new utility-connected photovoltaic inverter is presented in this paper. Simulation and implementation of the new solar energy conversion scheme has been demonstrated The solar energy conversion unit consists of an array of solar panels,... more

- by Maliki Omar
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- Photovoltaics, Solar Energy, Computer Simulation, Power Generation

Despite significant growth in photovoltaics (PV) over the last few years, only approximately 1.07 billion kWhr of electricity is estimated to have been generated from PV in the US during 2008, or 0.27% of total electrical generation. PV market penetration is set for a paradigm shift, as fluctuating hydrocarbon prices and an acknowledgement of the environmental impacts associated with their use, combined with breakthrough new PV technologies, such as thin-film and BIPV, are driving the cost of energy generated with PV to parity or cost advantage versus more traditional forms of energy generation. In addition to reaching cost parity with grid supplied power, a key to the long-term success of PV as a viable energy alternative is the reliability of systems in the field. New technologies may or may not have the same failure modes as previous technologies. Reliability testing and product lifetime issues continue to be one of the key bottlenecks in the rapid commercialization of PV technologies today. In this paper, we highlight the critical need for moving away from relying on traditional qualification and safety tests as a measure of reliability and focus instead on designing for reliability and its integration into the product development process. A drive towards quantitative predictive accelerated testing is emphasized and an industrial collaboration model addressing reliability challenges is proposed.

- by LANGLOIS JENNIFER
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- New Technology, Photovoltaic Cells, Thin Film, Paradigm Shift
- by Graham Stevens
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- Finance, Economics, Renewable Energy, Manufacturing

- by talha khan
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- Chemical Engineering, Microbiology, Biophysics, Materials Science

This paper discuss on Scientometric analysis of solar cells research performance during from 2009 to 2018, totally 46676 records were retrieved and downloaded during the study period. solar cells research publications shows an increasing trend, 55925 authors were contributed in this research during the study period, amongst Kim J H has first position 505 contributions, remaining 55924 authors were contributed below 500 contributions. Institutions wise contributed "Chinese Acad Sci" has first position with 3153 contributions, "Univ Chinese Acad Sci" has second place with 730 contributions, and so on. This study found that, single author contributions are less compare with multi authored papers in this research. The Peoples R China has first place with 14356 contributions, USA has second place with 7002 contributions, South Korea has contributed third place with 5761 contributions, Japan has fourth place with 3518 contributions, moreover India has seventh place with 2704 contributions.

- by IAEME Publication
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- Renewable Energy, Sustainable Energy, Solar Cells, Solar Power