Phytoconstituents of Natural Products Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025

Root extracts of Pavonia odorata has to investigate the bioactive compounds using GC-MS analysis. It revealed the existence of 9 compounds. The present investigation was undertaken by comparative study of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity between chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extract has excellent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (24 ± 0.69 & 22 ± 1.38 mm) and Candida albicans (19 ± 0.24 & 16 ± 1.02 mm). The anti-inflammatory activity of root extracts, Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema has frequently used to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of natural products. Chloroform extract has higher activity than ethyl acetate extract. It may be due to the presence of bioactive components.

2025

This study aimed at the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from herbal drugs hawked in Onitsha Anambra State. The microbiological purity and antibacterial characteristics of six Nigerian herbal remedies with the stated efficiency of healing all manners of microbial infections were evaluated. The herbal remedies were discovered to be contaminated with Original Research Article the following microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus sp, Salmonella spp and E. coli. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the herbal remedies revealed the presence of saponin, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinone and cardiac glycosides which suggest possible antimicrobial effect. The maximum activity of the herbal remedies in the test isolates was observed on Staphylococcus aureus, which showed clear zones of inhibition with diameters ranging from 7.00 to 13mm for the six herbal drugs respectively while it had low activity on E coli, with clear zones of inhibition of 6.00mm, to 14.00mm. The herbal extracts have shown appreciable antimicrobial activities comparable to the currently prescribed modern drugs tested. As a result, additional investigations on clinical efficacy trials, safety, toxicity, and affordability analyses must be initiated as soon as possible in order to proceed to the final step of synthesizing precursor molecules for novel effective antimicrobials.

2025, International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics

Objective: Disruptions in the wound healing process occur because of two main factors in diabetes: high blood sugar levels and chronic inflammation. This study evaluated the effectiveness of hydrogel patches containing neem leaf extract in the healing of diabetic wounds. Methods: The experimental method used a post-test control group design that included extract preparation, phytochemical screening, hydrogel patch preparation, stability testing, and testing of hyperglycemic rats by observing wound size, histopathology, and TNF-α and TGF-β cytokine levels on days 7, 14, and 21. Results: The neem leaf extract contains secondary metabolites that support anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities. Stability tests showed that the hydrogel patch met the standards for organoleptic properties, weight uniformity, and moisture absorption. The group given NLEHP (Neem Leaf Extract Hydrogel Patch) showed a decrease in wound area (0.5±0.1 cm 2) not significantly different from the non-diabetic group with a reduction (0.5±0.1 cm 2) (p>0.05) and significantly different from the negative group with a decrease (1.1±0 cm 2) (p<0.05). Histopathological analysis of skin thickness of the NLEHP group (19.2±1.6 μm) was not significantly different from the non-diabetic group (18.2±0.8 μm) (p>0.05) and significantly higher than the negative control group (10.7±2.4 μm) (p<0.05). The TNF-α levels showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the negative control group, whereas the non-diabetic and NLEHP groups showed a non-significant decrease (p>0.05). The levels of TGF-β progressively increased in the non-diabetic and NLEHP groups, unlike the decline observed in the negative control. Conclusion: These results indicate that the neem leaf extract hydrogel patch is an effective alternative for diabetic wound healing therapy.

2025

In the present study of phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of seed extract of Carica papaya. N-hexane extract of Carica papaya seed samples was obtained using maceration. The extraction was carried out by soaking the sample in N-Hexane and kept for 48 hours with shaking at regular intervals. The anti-microbial activity of Carica papaya was studied using the wet diffusion method. The activity was tested against different concentrations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. The phytochemical screening was done using the standard method. The screening showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, and tannins among others. This research indicates that the Carica papaya seed is rich in medicinal constituents.

2024, Texila International Journal of Public Health

This review aims to explore the potential of Chebulagic acid, a hydrolysable tannin derived from Terminalia chebula, in the treatment of cancer. Chebulagic acid boasts a myriad of medicinal and pharmacological benefits, including but not limited to antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antifungal, antiulcer, anticancer, antimutagenic, and wound healing properties. The objective of this review is to compile existing scientific literature on the anticancer attributes of Chebulagic acid. Numerous studies have elucidated its ability to regulate apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in various cancer cell lines and pathways. Nonetheless, further in vivo investigations are imperative to thoroughly dissect the mechanism-based pharmacological profile of Chebulagic acid. Such studies will furnish robust scientific evidence elucidating its anticancer efficacy across different cancer types and appraise its suitability for clinical trials.

2024, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been circulating in the
local and global population. Among the SARS-CoV-2 variants, the Omicron strain tends to be detected in the recent genomic surveillance studies. Despite being a manageable disease, recovered patients may experience post-COVID-19 conditions such as cough (50.6%), fatigue (45.8%), and memory loss (37.4%). While developing an updated vaccine for COVID-19 is time-consuming, the in-silico discovery of phytoconstituents that bind to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), may provide insights on the potential of edible plants as complementary treatments. This study aimed to investigate and compare the ligand-protein interactions of phytoconstituents and COVID-19 treatment drug, remdesivir, to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The molecular docking results indicated that kaempferol and luteolin could potentially mitigate COVID-19, as they exhibited higher RBD-binding affinities than remdesivir.

2024, International Journal of Current Science Research and Review

This study comprehensively investigated the antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) bark and leaf extract against two common bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The objective was to assess the potential therapeutic applications of breadfruit extract in combating bacterial infections caused by these organisms. The researchers employed an experimental research design, utilizing controlled experiments to evaluate the effects of breadfruit extract on the target bacteria. Both the bark and leaf parts of the breadfruit plant were examined in the study. The extracts were subjected to analysis to identify and quantify the presence of beneficial compounds. The analysis revealed the presence of various compounds, including but not limited to Phenolic Acid and Flavonoids, which are known for their potential health benefits and antioxidant properties. These compounds were found to be present in relatively high concentrations, suggesting the potential of breadfruit extract as a source of natural antioxidants. In terms of antibacterial activity, the breadfruit leaf extract exhibited promising results by demonstrating significant inhibitory effects against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In contrast, the bark extract showed limited effectiveness against Escherichia coli but displayed some inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings suggest that breadfruit extract may have potential as a natural antimicrobial agent, particularly in combating Staphylococcus aureus infections.

2024, NTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Plants are considered as one of the main sources of biologically active materials. The medicinal property of a plant depends upon the physiologically
active biochemical compounds called secondary metabolites. Curcuma amada
is one of the important species of Curcuma family having medicinal and biological properties. The aim of the present paper assesses the phytochemicals, volatile compounds, antimicrobial and other biological activities, along
with recent trends in research of C. amada. Volatile oils extracted from rhizomes of C. amada are rich in phytoconstituents. The major constituents
found in its rhizomes are curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin), penolic compounds (caffeic acid, gentisic acid, ferulic
acid, gallic acid cinnamic acid), terpinoids (difurocumenol, amadannulen,
amadaldehyde) and essential oil (β-myrcene and α-asarone). The curcuminoids present in C. amada is responsible for its therapeutic activities. It is
traditionally used totreat various diseaseswhich includes anti-inϑlammatory,
anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-tubercular, anti -allergy, anthelmintic and antipyretic activities. It also possesses healing of various skin diseases

2024, Molecules

Arbutin, a hydroquinone glucoside, has been detected in ca. 50 plant families, especially in the plants of the Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Proteaceae and Rosaceae families. It is one of the most widely used natural skin-whitening agents. In addition to its skin whitening property, arbutin possesses other therapeutically relevant biological properties, e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, as well as anticancer potential. This review presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the distribution of arbutin in the plant kingdom and critically appraises its therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent based on the literature published until the end of August 2022, accessed via several databases, e.g., Web of Science, Science Direct, Dictionary of Natural Products, PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the search were arbutin, cancer, anticancer, distribution and hydroquinone. Published outputs suggest that arbutin has potential anticancer properties a...

2024, Global Scientific Journal (GSJ). ISSN 2320-9186

Plants have been known to be used in the treatment and management of diseases, and this is due to the presence of phytochemicals. Thus, the screening of plants qualitatively, has got the interest of researchers. Moringa Oleifera is a fast growing deciduous tree with its different plant parts commonly used in herbal medicine, also with good socioeconomic and industrial values. In this study qualitative photochemical screening was carried on Moringa oleifera leaves extract to test for alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The results show the presence of all the tested compounds in the crude extract and the aqueous methanol fraction with the exception of tannins which was absent. In chloroform fraction, alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins and saponins were all present while flavonoids were found to be absent. Polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were found to be present in the Ethylacetate fraction with exception of alkaloids and saponins which showed negative test. Finally from the result, only polyphenols showed negative test against the n-hexane fraction but all others were found to be present.

2024, Frontiers in Pharmacology

2024, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science

The advent of science to the search for antibiotics principally depends on medicinal plants as raw materials. This present study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of Carica papaya leaf extracts against bacterial and fungal agents that causes diarrhoea. Fresh tender roots and leaves of this plant was collected, air-dried, powdered and percolated in n-hexane, methanol and aqueous solvents. The antimicrobial activities of the extract against test organisms were tested by using agar well diffusion assay and the MIC, MBC and MFC values were determined by agar dilution assay. The results revealed that the crude methanol and aqueous extracts of Carica papaya had no anti-fungal activity, but have antibacterial activity. N.hexane extract of C. papaya had most activity than other solvents with MIC ranged from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml and MBC ranged from 50 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml.These results suggest that paw paw leaf extract is recommended as a diarrhoea disease remedy.

2024, International journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: In this study methanol extract of leaves of canthium coromandelicum (Family: Rubiaceae) was screened for the presence of phytochemical components by GC-MS analysis. In addition total phenolics and flavanoids were also estimated. Methods: GC-MS analysis of plant extract was performed using a Perkin-Elmer GC Clarus 500 system and Interpretation on mass spectrum GC-MS was conducted using the database of National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST). Result: 20 chemical compounds are identified from the plant extract. Squalene (C30H50 Conclusion: The presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the use of canthium coromandelicum for various ailments by traditional practitioners.) is the major component available at RT 23.10 and 15.02% peak area. Other most prevailing phytocomponds are Phytol, 25-desacetoxy-Cucurbitacin b, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Sitosterol etc., Canthium coromandelicum contained the total phenolic of 25.49±0.09 mg/g and the total flavonoids of 12.37±0.15mg/g which are equivalent to gallic acid and quercetin, respectively.

2024, Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research

Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated candida species from the oral cavity. The overgrowth of C. albicans can cause opportunistic infections in the oral cavity, called oral candidiasis. On the other hand, papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) have benefits and are efficacious as antifungal drugs. The results of various studies reveal that papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) contain various active compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, which can inhibit the growth of C. albicans fungus. This literature review, therefore, aims to ascertain the activity of active compounds in papaya leaves in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans in the oral cavity

2024, International journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: The present investigation has been focused on the detection of antibacterial activity of methanolic extract by disc diffusion method and the quantitative estimation of phyto constituents from Terminalia chebula, (King of Medicine) by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method. Methods: An in vitro study on the efficacy of methanol extract of T.chebula was carried out. For this analysis, Tannic acid (TA), Gallic acid (GA), Ellagic acid (EA) were as used as standard markers by using toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (4.3:4.3:1:1.2:0.3, V/V/V/V) was used as a mobile phase. Detection and quantification were performed densitometrically at Lambda 254 nm. Results: The methanol extract has shown best activity against test strains. The Rf values of standards were 0.78 for TA, 0.74 for GA and 0.63 for EA. The total peak areas of the standards and the corresponding peak areas of extracts were composed and the statistical analysis was carried out. Conclusions: Based on the present findings, there is a wide opportunity for the development of new drug formulations for the effective treatment against multiple drug resistant micro organisms with no side effects with lesser costs.

2024

Background and objective: This study investigated the nutritional and phytochemical composition, antioxidant characteristics of Adansonia. digitata (baobab) leaves as well as fractionation of its ethanolic extract using column chromatography. Materials and methods: Baobab leaves were collected from wukari, dried under shade and analyzed for proximate, minerals and phytochemical compositions. Results: Using the column chromatographic fractionation, the following ranges were observed: Total antioxidant capacity (355.56-2900mg/ml), Total phenolic content (2.92365.42mg/ml), Total flavonoid content (0.41-30.05mg/ml), Metal chelating activity (361.54-5476.92mg/ml) and Beta carotene content (2.89-217.39mg/ml). Proximate composition of baobab leaves revealed the following levels: protein (19.84±0.022%), fat (3.72±0.014%), fibre (4.16±0.014%), ash (8.66±0.014%), Moisture (9.86±0.00%), and Carbohydrate (53.78±0.05%). The result of the Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of the followin...

2024, Frontiers in Pharmacology

2024

The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day to day practice. Flacourtia sepiaria (Flacourtiaceae) is the most useful traditional medicinal plant in India. Although there is no such Phytopharmacological activities has been carried out but, still it is considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines and targeting against various diseases. Each part of its allied species i.e., (leaves, bark, stem, fruits, root and even whole plant) of the Flacourtia indica has demonstrated several pharmacological activities including Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antimalarial, Anti-Diabetic, Anti asthmatic and Antibacterial Activity. The present review highlights a literature on botanical and pharmacological discussion of Flacourtia sepiaria.

2024, International journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Herbal drugs represent a major allocation of all the recognized systems of health in the world. Also, the medicinal plants have been regarded as valuable and cheap sources of various phytoconstituents which are used extensively in the development of drugs against various diseases. Terminalia chebula, commonly called as black myrobalan, ink tree, or chebulic myrobalan, is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Combretaceae, has been regarded as one of the most important medicinal plants used in medicines of ayurveda, siddha, unani and homeopathy. Numbers of phytochemical constituents have been found to be associated with the drug such as tannins, chebulinic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, punicalagin and flavonoids. Moreover, Terminalia chebula has been well reported to possess antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancerous, antiulcer, antimutagenic and wound healing activities. In addition, Terminalia chebula has been used extensively in the preparation of many Ayurvedic formulations for infectious diseases like chronic ulcer, leucorrhoea, pyorrhoea and fungal infections of the skin. The present review article has been designed to elucidate data on phytochemistry, pharmacognostic characters and pharmacological activities associated with Terminalia

2024, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science

2023, Archives of current research international

Aims: Boscia agustifolia and Gardenia erubescens are two medicinal plants widely used in the Mouhoun region. The strong use of these two plants in traditional medicine would be linked to their therapeutic virtues. Study Design: The purpose of this work was to carry out a preliminary biological study on two plants widely used by the population of the Mouhoun region (Burkina Faso) against certain diseases.

2023, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

Aspergillus flavus has been associated with fungi attacks on stored maize seeds. Erythrophleum suaveolens had been reported to have antifungal properties which could protect some crops against fungi attack. This study aimed at evaluating the antifungal protection potency of both water extract of E. suaveolens leaves and stem bark on maize seeds varieties from A. flavus attack post six months of its application. Water extract of E. suaveolens leaves and stem barks (1, 10 and 100% concentration) were independently applied on four different varieties of maize seeds (OBA 98, OBA Super 6, SAMAZ 52 and SAMAZ 47) and stored alongside maize seeds without the extract application for 6 months. The fungal growth determination was carried out on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media plates by placing maize seeds from both the group to which the extract was applied and those without the extract and incubating at 28 °C for 48 hours. The results indicated that all the maize seeds that the E. suaveolens...

2023, Trade Science

In the present study Herbal drug Terminalia chebula Retz. Commonly
known as Myrobalan cultivated throughout India mainly for its multipur- pose use, was selected for review. Terminalia chebula is used commonly
as a constituent of Triphala churna ñ an herbal formulation. The plant is
traditionally used for treatment of chronic ulcers, wound, as a gargle in
stomatitis & as laxative. It also has antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic antiviral
and antibacterial activity. In this review we have explored the phyto- phar- macological properties of T. Chebula and compiled its vast pharmacologi- cal applications to comprehend and synthesize the subject of its potential
image of multipurpose medicinal agent.

2023, International journal of pharmaceutical and bio-medical science

Increase the chances of completing a clinical course the trial that culminated in the approval of a new drug, the choice of suitable preclinical models is identifying a healthy, powerful one, Efficient and effective drugs require thorough use of Preclinical research, which assesses aspects of ABSTRACT ARTICLE DETAILS Terminalia chebula is an ancient medicinal herb. it is also known as Haritaki, Yellow myrobalan, Chebulic myrobalan, Yellow myrobalan, and Terminalia chebulabe longs to Combretaceae family is a major Ayurvedic medicine that is native to South Asia, predominantly from India. Apart from Ayurveda, it is commonly used in Unani and Homeopathic medicine systems. Because of the broad variety of pharmacological activities connected with the biologically active constitutents found throughout this herb, it is included in conventional medicine. The fruit contains main pharmacological activities such as Hepatoprotective activity, Cytoprotective activity Cardioprotective activity, Antidiabetic and renoprotective activity, Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity, Antiviral activity, Antiprotozoal activity, Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, Anticarcinogenic activity, Antimutagenic, radioprotective and Chemopreventive activity, Hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic activity, Adaptogenic and anti anaphylactic activities, Gastrointestinal motility improving and antiulcerogenic activity, Antispasmodic activity, Wound healing activity, Anticaries activity, Immunomodulatory activity any many are reported with scientific evidence. All these ancient applications of Terminalia chebula as home remedies have been confirmed in preclinical trials. The current evidence on the effect of Terminalia chebula intake or consumption on gastrointestinal disorders and diseases is scientifically based on preclinical and clinical trials. All these ancient applications of Terminalia chebula as home remedies have been confirmed in preclinical trials. The current evidence on the effect of Terminalia chebula intake or consumption on gastrointestinal disorders and diseases is scientifically based on preclinical and clinical trials. Study indicates different dosage of Terminalia chebula is effective to get relief from gastrointestinal troubles. Due to less number of gastrointestinal studies, there is no scientific report to consume a specific amount of dose. To prove that Terminalia chebula and its standard extracts are effective as a gastroprotective agent, more comprehensive preclinical and clinical trials are required. To reliably evaluate the appropriate dosages for specific disorders and preparation of extract of Terminalia chebula fruit in prospective human trials procedures, dose-finding preclinical studies should be conducted. There is an evident need for more patient and physician education concerning specific therapies, legislation to regulate the quality of pharmaceutical preparations, and, in particular, more clinical and pre-clinical trials to determine the value and safety of such medicaments in digestive and other disorders.

2023, Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research

In the present study, the Carica Papaya Seeds (CPS) were extracted by using 95% ethanol with Soxhlet extraction method. After the plant extract was subjected for the sterility test and results showed no growth of bacteria, the plant extract was examined for the phytochemical screening. The antibacterial test was carried out with agar well diffusion via examination of nutrient and tryptic soy agar. MIC test is used to determine whether the bacteria can be inhibited by plant extract concentrations that are achievable and safe in the blood stream, it was conducted by culturing microorganism in liquid media. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were carried out to identify the IC50 value and the total amount of phenolic content of CPS. For the phytochemical screening test, the results showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinone, flavonoids, and carbohydrate. The DPPH radical scavenging assay and total phenolic test were shown positive for the antioxidant activity of the CPS. As a basis, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used to measure the phenolic content of different concentrations of plant extract. In this test, the Gallic acid was used as a standard and the total phenolic content was calculated by using the formula C = (A/B) x dilution factor. In the present study, the total phenolic content found was 6.420 mg GAE/g and 6.097 mg GAE/g for the concentrations of 50 and 200µg/ml respectively. According to the results obtained, the IC50 was calculated for the BHT as well as CPS extract, the value was 84.04 µg/ml and 182.82 µg/ml, respectively. Besides that, the percentage scavenging value obtained for the ethanolic C. papaya seed was inconsistent and not precise, therefore the results cannot be considered or equivalent to the antioxidant activity exerted by the CPS as the results are not reliable. However, it can be concluded that the CPS are exhibiting antioxidant effect as it shows positive results for the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) as well as DPPH scavenging method.

2023, Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research

Infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus are a health problem in Indonesia. Antibiotics can be used as the treatment, but currently Staphylococcus aureus is resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative medicine. One of the plants that has characteristics to be used as herbal medicine is Breadfruit leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of concentration on breadfruit leaf juice which can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This type of research is experimental. The study population was pure Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on NAS (Nutrient Agar Slant) media. The sample in this study was pure Staphylococcus aureus transferred from pure culture media (NAS), while the number of repetitions of the sample was 5 times the treatment, in this study were P1 (100%), P2 (75%), P3 (50%), P4 (25%), P5(0%). Data on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was obtained by indirect observation, namely through laborator...

2023, Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology

This study assessed the antibacterial properties of sawdust and stem bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens extracts on selected wood bacteria. Erythrophleum suaveolens samples were collected, dried and macerated by dissolving 1 Kg and 0.60 Kg of stem bark and sawdust respectively into 1 L of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Sporfloxacin ciprofloxacin and cefuroxine antibiotics were used as control. The mixture was left for 24 hours then filtered and the filtrates evaporated to dryness. Qualitative phytochemical screening, zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations (MIC/MBC) were determined according to standard methods. Tannins, steroids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates anthraquinones and alkaloids phytochemicals were present in E. suaveolens extracts. Zone of inhibition (32 – 37 mm) of antibiotics on test bacteria compared favourably with 17 – 24 mm of E. suaveolens extracts. Erythrophleum suaveolens ethyl acetate and methanol E. suaveole...

2023, Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences

Euphorbia milii Des Moul is a deciduous bush indigenous to Madagascar. The present study aims to investigate the presence of the phytochemical, in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potency, and in-silico computational analysis of ethanolic and aqueous preparations of E. milii leaves and flowers. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were tested for in-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH, H2O2, TAC, and FRAP assay. In addition, antimicrobial potentials were assayed by agar well diffusion technique against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans for various clinical isolates. The qualitative phytochemical analysis results confirmed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. The quantitative analysis elicits the availability of a magnificent number of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, flavonols, and tannins. Among all the extracts, aqueous extracts of leaves exhibited potent antioxidant activity in ...

2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

2023, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research

Objective: The objective of the study was to quantify the quercetin and chlorogenic contained in the ethanolic extract of papaya seed. Methods: Papaya seeds were extracted using the maceration method; then, the qualitative phytochemical analysis was obtained from standard phytochemical screening; furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) examination was used to determine the number of its bioactive compounds. Results: The quantitative examination using LC-MS showed that the content of chlorogenic acid was greater than the quercetin level. Further studies have to be carried out regarding the papaya seed ethanolic extract in vitro inhibition compare to the antibacterial potential of the commercial antibiotics on the tested bacteria species. Conclusion: Our results suggest that papaya seed ethanolic extract quantitatively contains chlorogenic acid greater than quercetin.

2023, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the pet ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol leaf extracts of Canthium dicoccum and Amischophacelus axillaris for anthelmintic activity and antihypertensive activity. Methods: The antihypertensive activity was carried out by employing a colorimetric assay based on the hydrolysis of Histidyl-Hippuryl-Leucine and anthelmintic activity carried out against Indian earthworm Pheritimaposthuma. Results: The pet ether leaf extract both the plants exhibited the maximum antihypertensive activity with a percent inhibition of 64.82 for C. dicoccum (Gaertn.) and 84.12 for A. axillaris (L.) as compared with Captopril showing percent inhibition 85.37 and for anthelmintic activity, it is found that ethanol extract of C. dicoccum and ethyl acetate extract of A. axillaris exhibited significant activity against the standard drug albendazole. Conclusion: This study investigated the potential of C. dicoccum and A. axillaris as a new source against the antihypertensive activity. The outcome of anthelmintic activity revealed that the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts exhibited a considerable amount of anthelmintic activity, which is mainly due to the active phytoconstituents present in the extracts.

2023, Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Purpose: A comparative in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the potential larvicidal effect of aqueous and methanol/methylene chloride extracts of Schumanniophyton magnificum, Pseudospondias microcarpa,and Rauvolfia vomitoria stem barks on different life-cycle stages of Heligmosomoides bakeri. Methods: The organic extracts were diluted in 2.5% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and aqueous extracts in distilled water to obtain stock solutions. Serial dilutions were made to obtain four increasing concentrations of 1250, 2500, 5000 and 10000 µg/ml for incubation in Petri dishes with L1, L2 and L3 larvae of the parasite. Exposure times were 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours for L1 and L2 larvae and 24 and 48 h for the infective L3 larvae. Albendazole was used as the positive control, while 2.5% DMSO and distilled water were used as negative controls for organic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Results: The organic extract of stem bark of R. vomitoria showed significant (p<0.05) mortality on L1 l...

2023, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: This research aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity and determine the chemical composition of the aqueous extract of the bark of Lannea barteri Engl. (DA) used in the traditional treatment of urinary tract infections in the Ivory Coast. Methods: The material is composed of DA, the bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, isolated from the urine of patients from different hospitals and subsequently stored. The qualitative analysis was performed using color-based detection tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC) reactions and the quantification of total phenols, flavonoids, flavone aglycones and anthocyanins using the method of Folin Ciocalteu. The method of diffusion on Mueller Hinton (MH) agar medium has been used for sensitivity tests. Results: The phytochemical screening of DA has revealed the presence of polyphenols, terpenes, and derivatives, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Furthermore, the quantification of some polyphenols such as flavonoids, flavone aglycones, and anthocyanins was determined. The total polyphenols found was 0.757±0.003 mg/g MS representing respectively; 0.230±0.01 for flavonoids; 0.028±0.02 for flavone aglycones and 0.016±0.02 mg/g MS for anthocyanins. DA is bactericidal against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, which are mainly responsible for urinary tract infections. Conclusion: The bark of Lannea barteri Engl. (DA) is rich in flavonoids, flavone aglycones, and anthocyanins which are probably responsible for its antibacterial properties on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. This research thereby supports the use of this plant in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

2023, Scientific Research and Essays

2023, Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria

This paper investigates the potential uses of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) leaves and stem by examining their phytochemical components. The fresh Noni leaves and stems were processed using oven heat and air-drying methods, powdered, and stored to maintain sample integrity. The sample was then extracted with Acetone and tested for various compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, tannins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac, and glycosides. The results showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, tannin, carbohydrates, terpenoids, glycosides, and flavonoids in both the leaves and stem bark. Additionally, various secondary metabolites were detected in different organic solvents, indicating that M. citrifolia contains bioactive compounds with potential medicinal applications. These findings are contributing to the growing global interest in Noni and suggest that it could be a valuable natural resource for treating various diseases.

2023

The primary breakthroughs of this research are to concentrate on common families of medicinal plants found in temperate climates around the world. Medicinal plants are thought to be rich sources of chemicals that can be employed in the development of pharmaceutical, non-pharmacopoeial, or synthetic medications. The plant chemicals are classified as primary or secondary metabolites. The use of herbal medicine has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Chemotaxonomy has grown in popularity due to advances in analytical tools for chemical analysis that can detect even small amounts of chemical substances. The purpose of learning about the families is to recognize the categories of each and every plant in that family, to recognize the existence of specialized phytochemical constituents, and to study the specific pharmacological activities commonly exhibited by the plants in the respective family. The study focused on the common 50 families of medicinal plants, and a review of their common phytoconstituents and pharmacological effects has been undertaken using numerous reputable studies as references. This assessment leads to the conclusion that research activities will be carried out under what class of herbals, which section of the study will be enhanced, the selection of phytoconstituents for herbal medication development, and the trade of a specific group of herbals. The results of chemotaxonomic investigations can aid taxonomists, phytochemists, and pharmacologists answer specific taxonomic difficulties.

2023

2023, Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences

2023, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

2023, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research

Trust on traditional medicines in the treatment of ailment is at a halt and a lot of population, especially rural population, still believes on herbs due to their easy accessibility and cost effectiveness. Due to greater attentiveness concerning significance of conventional medicine in health care, research on medicinal plants would be valuable. The plants of genus Terminalia, comprising of 250 species, are widely distributed in tropical areas of the world. Fruits of Terminalia chebula (Family: Combretaceae) commonly known as black Myroblans in English and Harad in Hindi, are widely grown in Pakistan and India among many Asian and African countries and is a popular folk medicine. T. chebula has been studied for its homeostatic, antitussive, laxative, diuretic and cardiotonic activities. This article gives a vivid account of T. chebula as a natural product and aims to (i) to refresh the importance of T. chebula to the medicinal plant researchers and (ii) to presents new information such of T. chebula.

2023, Front. Pharmacol.,

Advances in biomedical research have demonstrated that inflammation and its related diseases are the greatest threat to public health. Inflammatory action is the pathological response of the body towards the external stimuli such as infections, environmental factors, and autoimmune conditions to reduce tissue damage and improve patient comfort. However, when detrimental signal-transduction pathways are activated and inflammatory mediators are released over an
extended period of time, the inflammatory process continues and a mild but persistent pro-inflammatory state may develop. Numerous degenerative disorders and chronic health issues including arthritis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, among others, are associated with the emergence of a low-grade inflammatory state. Though, anti-inflammatory steroidal, as well as non-steroidal drugs, are extensively used against different inflammatory conditions, they show undesirable side effects upon long-term exposure, at times, leading to life-threatening consequences. Thus, drugs targeting chronic inflammation need to be developed to achieve better therapeutic management
without or with a fewer side effects. Plants have been well known for their
medicinal use for thousands of years due to their pharmacologically active phytochemicals belonging to diverse chemical classes with a number of these demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory activity. Some typical examples include colchicine (alkaloid), escin (triterpenoid saponin), capsaicin (methoxy phenol), bicyclol (lignan), borneol (monoterpene), and quercetin (flavonoid). These phytochemicals often act via regulating molecular mechanisms that synergize the anti-inflammatory pathways such as increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines or interfere with the inflammatory pathways such as to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other modulators to improve the underlying pathological condition. This review describes the anti-inflammatory properties of a number of biologically active compounds derived from medicinal plants, and their mechanisms of pharmacological intervention to alleviate inflammation-associated diseases. The emphasis is given to information on anti-inflammatory phytochemicals that have been evaluated at the preclinical and clinical levels. Recent trends and gaps in the development of phytochemical based anti-inflammatory drugs have also been included.

2023, HORIZON PUBLISHER INDIA [HPI]

Euphorbia milii Des Moul is a deciduous bush indigenous to Madagascar. The present study aims to investigate the presence of the phytochemical, in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potency, and insilico computational analysis of ethanolic and aqueous preparations of E. milii leaves and flowers. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were tested for in-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH, H2O2, TAC, and FRAP assay. In addition, antimicrobial potentials were assayed by agar well diffusion technique against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans for various clinical isolates. The qualitative phytochemical analysis results confirmed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. The quantitative analysis elicits the availability of a magnificent number of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, flavonols, and tannins. Among all the extracts, aqueous extracts of leaves exhibited potent antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 assay with the IC50 value of 30.70, 60.05, and 82.92µg/mL, respectively. In agar well diffusion assay, all extracts displayed zone of inhibition varies from 2-24mm at different concentrations ranging from 10-320 mg/mL, whereas no activity was observed against Candida albicans. Furthermore, docking-based computational analysis has revealed that beta-sitosterol and taraxerol are the plant's active

2023

Nowadays it is a wide spread belief on the part of the general public that natural substances are inherently superior to synthetic substances and have played a mainstream role in the health care system for the prevention of diseases. A study of ancient ayurvedic literature has claimed that Asparagus racemosus have numerous medicinal and therapeutic properties like phytoestrogenic, antidepressant, antidiarrhoeal, anticancer etc. A. racemosus has been specially recommended in case of threatended abortion, galactogogue as well as restorative action as it is beneficial in women's complaints. It is used in almost 67 ayurvedic preparations and commonly mentioned as 'Rasayana' in Ayurveda due to its medicinal uses. This review summarizes the pharmacological, pharmacognostic and phytochemical aspects of A. racemosus.

2023, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

2023, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Journal

Psidium guajava is an important food crop and medicinal plant available in tropical and subtropical countries. P. guajava (Guava), belonging to the family of Myrtaceae. P. guajava Linn. (Guava) is used not only as food but also as folk medicine in subtropical areas around the world because of its pharmacologic activities. It contains important phytoconstituents such as tannins, triterpenes, flavonoid, quercetin, pentacyclic triterpenoid, guajanoic acid, saponins, carotenoids, lectins, leucocyanidin, ellagic acid, amritoside, beta-sitosterol, uvaol, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid. Conventionally, guava is used for the treatment of various ailments such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, cardioactive, anti-cough, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities, supporting its traditional uses.

2023, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

2023

The present study was carried out to evaluate the p hytochemical and antibacterial activity of methanol , ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of Syzygium laetum bark. Antib acterial activity was analysed by agar well diffusi on method against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. T he phytochemical analysis carried out revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavanoids, phenols, saponins , terpenoids, tannins and steroids in various solve nt xtracts. Methanolic extract of S. laetum showed good antibac erial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomo nas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniaee. Acetone extr act evealed similar zone of inhibition activity ag ainst Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stre ptococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacil lus subtilis where as ethyl acetate extract showed leas t zone of inhibition against tested all pathogens c ompared with other solvent extracts. From our results showed the presence of crucial phytoconstitients a...

2023, Frontiers in Pharmacology

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffm. (Euphorbiaceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant grown in tropical Africa. The stem, leaves, and root have been widely used in the folk medicine systems in Nigeria, Cameroon, South Africa, and Ghana to treat various ailments, including inflammatory, infectious, and central nervous system disorders, such as anxiety and epilepsy. Material and methods: The scientific name of the plant was validated using the "The Plant List," "Kew Royal Botanic Gardens," and Tropicos Nomenclatural databases. The literature search on A. laxiflora was performed using electronic search engines and databases such as Google scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, AJOL, Scopus, and Mendeley. Results: To the best of our knowledge, no specific and detailed review has been reported on A. laxiflora. Consequently, this review provides an up-to-date systematic presentation on ethnobotany, phytoconstituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicity profiles of A. laxiflora. Phytochemical investigations disclosed the presence of important compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and fatty acids. Furthermore, various pharmacological activities and traditional uses reported for this botanical drug were discussed comprehensively. Conclusion: This systemic review presents the current status and perspectives of A. laxiflora as a potential therapeutic modality that would assist future

2023

Breadfruit is one of the traditional crops and widely used by people to treat various diseases especially it can reduce hypercholesterolemia. Biosynthesis process can cause discoloration of the breadfruit leaves from Green Leaves (GL), Yellow Leaves (YL), Fallen Yellow (FY), Fallen Dry (FD) as well as the fermentation process of fresh green produces Fermented Green (FG). This study aims was to know the effect of variations infusion of the leaves of breadfruit to decreased levels of cholesterol using high fat diet foods and to determine the content of compounds contained in steeping tea leaves of breadfruit. This study used 30 male wistar rats divided into positive control group (simvastatin), the negative control group (Na-CMC 0.5%) and control group test (the variation breadfruit leaf infusion dose of 15g/kg). On the seventh day, all groups were induced by high-cholesterol foods and PTU. Measurement of cholesterol levels using a tool easy touch was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The...