Plant Cell Culture Research Papers (original) (raw)

Various techniques are used to adjust the flavors of foods and beverages to new market demands. Although synthetic flavoring chemicals are still widely used, flavors produced by biological methods (bioflavors) are now more and more... more

Various techniques are used to adjust the flavors of foods and beverages to new market demands. Although synthetic flavoring chemicals are still widely used, flavors produced by biological methods (bioflavors) are now more and more requested by consumers, increasingly concerned with health and environmental problems caused by synthetic chemicals. Bioflavors can be extracted from plants or produced with plant cell cultures, microorganisms or isolated enzymes. This Mini-Review paper gives an overview of different systems for the microbial production of natural flavors, either de novo, or starting with selected flavor precursor molecules. Emphasis is put on the bioflavoring of beer and the possibilities offered by beer refermentation processes. The use of flavor precursors in combination with non-conventional or genetically modified yeasts for the production of new products is discussed.

Plant cell culture systems represent a potential renewable source of valuable medici- nal compounds, flavors, fragrances, and colorants, which cannot be produced by microbial cells or chemical synthesis. Biotechnological applications of... more

Plant cell culture systems represent a potential renewable source of valuable medici- nal compounds, flavors, fragrances, and colorants, which cannot be produced by microbial cells or chemical synthesis. Biotechnological applications of plant cell cultures presents the most up- dated reviews on current techniques in plant culture in the field. The evolving commercial im- portance of the secondary metabolites has in recent years resulted in a great interest, in secon- dary metabolism, and particularly in the possibility to alter the production of bioactive plant me- tabolites by means of cell culture technology. The principle advantage of this technology is that it may provide continuous, reliable source of plant pharmaceuticals and could be used for the large-scale culture of plant cells from which these metabolites can be extracted. In addition to its importance in the discovery of new medicines, plant cell culture technology plays an even more significant role in solving world hun...

Plant cell culture provides a viable alternative over whole plant cultivation for the production of secondary metabolites. In order to successfully cultivate the plant cells at large scale, several engineering parameters such as, cell... more

Plant cell culture provides a viable alternative over whole plant cultivation for the production of secondary metabolites. In order to successfully cultivate the plant cells at large scale, several engineering parameters such as, cell aggregation, mixing, aeration, and shear sensitivity are taken into account for selection of a suitable bioreactor. The media ingredients, their concentrations and the environmental factors are optimized for maximal synthesis of a desired metabolite. Increased productivity in a bioreactor can be achieved by selection of a proper cultivation strategy (batch, fed-batch, two-stageetc.), feeding of metabolic precursors and extraction of intracellular metabolites. Proper understanding and rigorous analysis of these parameters would pave the way towards the successful commercialization of plant cell bioprocesses.

The special characteristics of plant cell cultures make it difficult to use conventional analytical techniques for on-line biomass monitoring. Meanwhile, promising results have been obtained using mathematical models and recursive... more

The special characteristics of plant cell cultures make it difficult to use conventional analytical techniques for on-line biomass monitoring. Meanwhile, promising results have been obtained using mathematical models and recursive estimation algorithms. However, in this case, additional experimental effort is necessary to obtain a reasonable description of the process. Recently, techniques using more empirical approaches have been proposed to describe complex processes, minimizing the experimental work needed for their application. In this paper, we report on the use of artificial neural networks to monitor biomass evolution in plant cell cultures. The results obtained with a three-layered network are presented. Method requirements and capabilities are compared with the method based on the extended Kalman filter used in previous work.

Various techniques are used to adjust the flavors of foods and beverages to new market demands. Although synthetic flavoring chemicals are still widely used, flavors produced by biological methods (bioflavors) are now more and more... more

Various techniques are used to adjust the flavors of foods and beverages to new market demands. Although synthetic flavoring chemicals are still widely used, flavors produced by biological methods (bioflavors) are now more and more requested by consumers, increasingly concerned with health and environmental problems caused by synthetic chemicals. Bioflavors can be extracted from plants or produced with plant cell

Los efectos de variaciones en la velocidad de agitación (120, 180 y 240 rpm) y aireación (0.1 y 0.3 vvm) sobre la producción de biomasa y la producción de azadiractina en un biorreactor de tanque agitado a 27°C, 0.89 atm y luz permanente... more

Los efectos de variaciones en la velocidad de agitación (120, 180 y 240 rpm) y aireación (0.1 y 0.3 vvm) sobre la producción de biomasa y la producción de azadiractina en un biorreactor de tanque agitado a 27°C, 0.89 atm y luz permanente fueron estudiados. Se evaluó el efecto del oxígeno disuelto en el medio sobre el crecimiento y la producción de azadiractina mediante la estimación de kLa, VCO, QO2 y VTO. El crecimiento celular, al igual que la producción de azadiractina mostró estar fuertemente influenciado por las condiciones de mezclado. Al incrementar la velocidad de agitación y aireación disminuyó considerablemente la acumulación de biomasa (hasta un 59.22%) y la síntesis de azadiractina (hasta un 87.63%). Los valores de kLa y VTO aumentaron con incrementos en la velocidad de agitación y aireación (hasta un 240% y 377% respectivamente), los cuales favorecieron el proceso de transferencia de masa, mientras que ocurrió lo contrario con los valores de la VCO y QO2.

Six identical bioreactors were constructed and built at the Agricultural University of Norway to provide optimal conditions for plant cell regeneration from cells into somatic embryos (“clonal or somatic seeds”). This was made possible... more

Six identical bioreactors were constructed and built at the Agricultural University of Norway to provide optimal conditions for plant cell regeneration from cells into somatic embryos (“clonal or somatic seeds”). This was made possible through cooperation in COST87 by a European network in a working group on regeneration from plant cell cultures. The bioreactor design provides gentle stirring through a slow-speed stirrer that regularly changes direction of rotation to prevent “quiet” zones in the suspension in which cells can ssettle and grow. In addition, the oxygen is provided, bubble-free, through thin silicone tubing loops that are hanging loose, moving with the liquid to prevent cell growth on these tubes. We used off-the-shelf components whenever possible, to reduce the costs to a minimum, which was another aim of the construction. The result was a suite of relatively inexpensive computer-controlled bioreactors that could control temperature, oxygen, pH, stirrer speed and stirrer direction. In addition, we have provided different light spectral qualities by simple means of filtering the light. Using the present software, the parameters can be set up to alter every hour during the 24 h day/night cycle. All our cultures have improved growth in the bioreactors compared to identical cultures in Erlenmeyer flasks. The cultures used are: embryogenic cultures of carrot (Daucus carota), Norway spruce (Picea abies), birch (Betula pendula), cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) and shoot cultures of Christmas begonia (Begonia x cheimantha). The paper also discusses recommendations for improvements of the current system for future revisions.

The production of isoquinoline alkaloids related to the crassifoline metabolism by plants of the genera Ceratocapnos, Sarcocapnos, Fumaria, Platycapnos and Rupicapnos was investigated. Callus and cell suspensions of Ceratocapnos... more

The production of isoquinoline alkaloids related to the crassifoline metabolism by plants of the genera Ceratocapnos, Sarcocapnos, Fumaria, Platycapnos and Rupicapnos was investigated. Callus and cell suspensions of Ceratocapnos heterocarpa were initiated and their alkaloid composition compared with that of the plant. In the absence of organogenesis, only reticuline related alkaloids (protopine, ribasine and dihydrosanguinarine) were produced. However, organogenic calli

Plant cell culture systems represent a potential renewable source of valuable medici- nal compounds, flavors, fragrances, and colorants, which cannot be produced by microbial cells or chemical synthesis. Biotechnological applications of... more

Plant cell culture systems represent a potential renewable source of valuable medici- nal compounds, flavors, fragrances, and colorants, which cannot be produced by microbial cells or chemical synthesis. Biotechnological applications of plant cell cultures presents the most up- dated reviews on current techniques in plant culture in the field. The evolving commercial im- portance of the secondary metabolites has in

Phoma tracheiphila is the causative agent of the disease mal secco. Citrus cultivars differ substantially in respect to their sensitivity to the pathogenP. tracheiphila and its toxin. Some cultivars (e.g., ‘Femminello’ lemon) are... more

Phoma tracheiphila is the causative agent of the disease mal secco. Citrus cultivars differ substantially in respect to their sensitivity to the pathogenP. tracheiphila and its toxin. Some cultivars (e.g., ‘Femminello’ lemon) are inherently sensitive while others (e.g., ‘Tarocco’ orange) are tolerant. Cell lines derived from nucellar tissue of ‘Femminello’, ‘Tarocco’ and a cell line selected for tolerance to the

Seeds of Azadirachta indica are an important source for production of bioinsecticides, being Azadirachtin (Aza) the main compound. However, agricultural and climate adversity limit the seed production, thereby plant cell culture in vitro... more

Seeds of Azadirachta indica are an important source for production of bioinsecticides, being Azadirachtin (Aza) the main compound. However, agricultural and climate adversity limit the seed production, thereby plant cell culture in vitro is an alternative technology for Aza ...

Despite significant efforts over nearly 30 years, only a few products produced by in vitro plant cultures have been commercialized. Some new advances in culture methods and metabolic biochemistry have improved the useful potential of... more

Despite significant efforts over nearly 30 years, only a few products produced by in vitro plant cultures have been commercialized. Some new advances in culture methods and metabolic biochemistry have improved the useful potential of plant cell cultures. This review will provide references to recent relevant reviews along with a critical analysis of the latest improvements in plant cell culture, co-cultures, and disposable reactors for production of small secondary product molecules, transgenic proteins, and other products. Some case studies for specific products or production systems are used to illustrate principles.

ABSTRACT The effect of culture filtrate (conditioned medium, CM) containing cell exudates obtained from green alga, Scenedesmus subspicatus, on cell suspension of dicotyledonous plant Silene vulgaris was examined. The addition of diluted... more

ABSTRACT The effect of culture filtrate (conditioned medium, CM) containing cell exudates obtained from green alga, Scenedesmus subspicatus, on cell suspension of dicotyledonous plant Silene vulgaris was examined. The addition of diluted CM to the modified MS medium, supplemented with dicamba and BAP, stimulates cell biomass production. The biomass was composed of association of single non-dividing cells, cells during mitosis stage and cellular aggregates. Silene cells began mitotic divisions earlier in the presence of CM in medium when compared to control treatments. Results of performed bioassay showed that some factor or factors released by green alga to the culture medium could be responsible for sustained proliferation of phylogenetically distant species cells. Although it is still unclear which culture constituent influenced most the mitotic response of Silene suspension, results point at versatile stimulatory character of green alga exudates in higher plant cell culture.