Power Line Communication Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025

The Six Positions of Attack and Defense Shock Device (攻守六位时震器) is a tactical framework for timed strikes across anatomical gates when doubled becomes a system of 12 points associated with the Zi Wu Liu Zhi. Executed 9/14/2025

2025

Tableau 1.1 : Symboles normalisés pour la représentation des appareils de connexion….….3 Tableau 1.2 : Contrôle des composants ou des fonctions d'un disjoncteur………………..…19 Tableau 2.1 : Courants de court-circuit selon CEI 60909 …………………………………....27 Tableau 3.1 : Comparaison entre le modèle de Mayr et le modèle de Cassie………………...43 Chapitre 03 Les modèles d'arc à boite noire Chapitre 03 Les modèles d'arc à boite noire

2025, 2012 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings

An effective design of Smart Grid (SG) must include robust combined sensing, efficient Communication and elegant control system, so a vigorous network is the core requirement of a Smart Grid keeping in view the concepts of sensor networks and electrical and topological properties of distribution system. Two-way communication is the most effective way of transceiving the data on both sides; towards Low Voltage (LV) side and towards Medium Voltage (MV) side, which is the basic property of a Smart Grid and has gained higher attraction of the utility companies. The paper enlightens the service of a SG as a communication infrastructure, linking smart meters through the Power Line Communication (PLC) network. PLC's are evolving as an appropriate medium for signal and information communication within Smart Grid application, especially for Advance Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Home Area Network (HAN). Smart Meters and PLC's increase the strength of a Smart Grid as by providing robust two-way communication. For noise reduction this paper elaborates the clipping strategy and the use of equalizer which can reduce the effect of noise and attenuation in the channel signals in PLC's. Clipping is cutting of the amplitude of the received signal up till a predefined threshold value without changing the phase in order to reduce noise effects.

2025

Power Line Communication (PLC) system offers cheaper mode of signal communication facilities. In fast Fourier transform (FFT) based multicarrier PLC system, a cyclic prefix (CP) of the same length of the channel impulse response is added to each symbol in order to transmit data. As a result, there is always an inherent wastage of bandwidth and resources. This research presents a wavelet transform based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (WTOFDM) approach that eliminates the need for these cyclic prefix and improves the efficiency of the PLC transmission. The presented PLC model is designed for faster and efficient transmission over the power line. The obtained results indicate that the proposed approach enhances the transmission throughput; provides better performance for impulsive noise, and increases the efficiency of the PLC system as a whole. In the end a performance comparison of different wavelet techniques have also been incorporated.

2025, 2017 3rd International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET)

The aim of this study is to design a Home Automation system by interfacing Power Line Communication (PLC) with GSM communication which would enable the user to control appliances by sending commands via SMS. A communication model based on Star Topology is utilized in this home automation system which can be scaled at a low cost. The communication system facilitates secured communication by using BlumGoldwasser cryptosystem. The communication system employs a master Central Control System placed at the switch board and slave receiver nodes in household appliances. This system was planned from the outset to make as simpler and cost effective as possible so that it would be affordable to more households in low income countries. The system was tested in a lab environment at a maximum distance of 20 m and the operation was verified. Subsequently, Signal levels were obtained at different distances and the maximum operating distance was calculated to be 30 m.

2025

Doctor of Philosophy: Electronic Engineering Multiscaling Analysis and Modelling of Bursty Impulsive Noise in Broadband Power Line Communication Channels by Mike Omondi Asiyo Power line communication (PLC) networks have the potential to offer broadband application services to homes and small offices cheaply since no additional wiring is required for it implementation. However, like other communication systems, it has its own challenges and the understanding of its channel characteristics is key to its optimal performance evaluation and deployment. Multipath propagation due to impedance mismatch and bursty impulsive noise are the important challenges that must be understood and their effects minimized for optimal system performance. Noise in power line communication networks is non-Gaussian and as such cannot be modelled as the convenient additive white Gaussian noise. The noise is known to be impulsive and in most cases, occurs in bursts. Therefore, it can be referred as bursty impu...

2025, Journal of green engineering

We describe a heterogeneous network composed by wireless links and a power line communication (PLC) infrastructure, using the public lighting system. The network allows to measure consumption of gas, energy, water, etc., in an urban scenario with a large number of nodes, and to remotely control the lighting system for efficient energy usage. For the specific scenario where the network topology is known a priori, we describe a tool for network planning based on the simulation of the power line channel. Moreover, to improve PLC link throughput and reliability we analyze the possiblity to use multiple conductors to enable multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques. Finally, we describe a successfully implemented testbed for the proposed network.

2025, ISPLC2010

Digital networks can be established using the same set of wires that is used to distribute the power signal through our homes, the power-line channel (PLC). This networks have no new wires. However, the PLC channel has highly varying characteristics that need to be taken into account, namely the equivalent transmission line characteristic impedance and input impedance. The impedance seen at the input of the power-line channel varies with frequency, time and from line to line. This means that for the same voltage signal the injected current will vary. The current flowing in the channel is the main source of radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI), and imposes limits on the injected signal. The amplitude of the current in the line is not equal to the input current. The current peaks in the line can be minimized by minimizing the current of the positive traveling wave and it will be shown that this can be accomplished if the transmitter is coupled through a matched resistor (to the line impedance) or adequate signal processing. The signal processing method allows to easily change the access impedance. At the output of the channel the signal to noise ratio is independent of charge resistance. A system with input impedance estimation and minimization of the positive wave amplitude was simulated. 1

2025

Communication using power line as a medium provides a convenient and inexpensive way for data transmission and control signaling in the households. In this paper we will introduce a power-line channel model as well as architecture of a spread-spectrum baseband transceiver IC for a powerline modem. The modulation and spreading scheme used in the proposed transceiver is MBOK. This transceiver runs at the carrier frequency of 256 kHz and provides 100 Kbps data rate. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in household data communication.

2025, Elektronika Ir Elektrotechnika

Narrowband power line communication has become a major focus of research with its applicability extending to residential facilities. This article examines data transmission over flexible AC power line cables stretching from the elevator control panel to the cabin. In previous studies, there has been no significant attempt to characterize the Power Line Communication (PLC) channel and noise of an elevator system. In this article, a vector network analyzer and mixed domain oscilloscope along with coupling devices are used to conduct power line channel noise and response measurements for an elevator system. The acquisition of channel transfer functions corresponding to both idle and moving states of the elevator is carried out for the 9 kHz-500 kHz frequency range. A mathematical model is provided for the average frequency response of the PLC channel. The main source of noise is the inverter that supplies power to the motor. The channel exhibits notable variations for frequencies less than 281 kHz while staying relatively consistent for the 281 kHz to 500 kHz frequency range as the elevator changes from idle to moving state. Reed Solomon and convolutional codes along with interleaving to spread erroneous bits are utilized in this work to simulate an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transceiver. By systematically selecting subcarrier frequencies that do not overlap with the harmonic noise components, simulation results have demonstrated reliable data recovery for signal-to-noise ratio greater than 4 dB.

2025, Electric Power Systems Research

A performance analysis methodology for transmission line primary protection systems is presented, based on a probabilistic approach to protection system successful operation. The protection system operation is represented by reliability graphs, and a probabilistic model of the distance protection is considered. The system successful operation is described by tie-sets, and solutions are obtained from Monte Carlo simulation. The system elements are characterized by the reliability factors: equipment failure rate and time to repair. The system performance is assessed by the availability index. The developed methodology is applied to a transmission line protection scheme with one aided communication channel. Results allow quantifying the influence of the fault location on the protection system performance. Results also show the influence of the equipment failure rate on the system performance. The developed methodology proves to be adequate to quantify the benefits of using communication channels in transmission line protection. Furthermore it is adequate to assess different protection system architectures. A comparative performance analysis, considering four different transmission line protection schemes, can be found in the Part II paper.

2025, Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal

During the last years PLC technologies have been widely developed mainly due to new modulation techniques used for wireless telecommunication systems that can also be applied to PLC systems. The current state of the art of PLC communications is presents many possibilities and opportunities for the utilities. The aim of this paper is to make a review of the existing PLC technologies as well as the analysis of an interesting range of electric applications of PLC.

2025, Wireless Personal Communications

We examine a multiple-access communication system in which multiuser detection is performed without knowledge of the number of active interferers. Using a statistical-physics approach, we compute the single-user channel capacity and... more

2025

Communication over the available power line commonly known as Power Line Communication (PLC) can be an alternate or a component of hybrid network. The reason for this is it's readily availability that can solve the last mile and last inch challenges. However, the channel is characterized by non-white noise uncommon to other channels used. In this paper, the noise in indoor power line in several sites is studied. This is modeled using suitable fits for narrowband and broadband application. The channel capacity is estimated both for Additive White Gaussian and Water Filling approach. Results show that a channel capacity of 0.089 Mbps to 1.48 Mbps can be obtain for narrowband channel with a transmit power of few watt. For broadband communication in the frequency range 1-30 MHz a channel capacity of 84 Mbps to 206 Mbps can be obtain for a transmit power as low as 1mW. This result can be used for simulation of power line channels for testing and designing systems and development of s...

2025, Radioengineering

Estimation of the characteristics of power line channel is a pre-requisite for successful implementation of any power line communication system. This paper presents a method to estimate the forward voltage gain scattering parameters (S21) of an indoor power line using only the input port reflection coefficient (S11). The measured input parameter with one/two load placed at the output suffices to estimate the S21 as far as frequency selectivity is concerned. The positions of notches can be estimated within a limit of error with positive and at times high correlation between the experimental and evaluated S21 parameters. The method is validated for a number of practical networks, and also for random channels with different types of loads and cables found in the papers. The procedure can be incorporated in estimating the channel for mitigating the related problems.

2025

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004

2025, Photonics

Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems have extensively invaded the speed of smart city evolution due to the current surge in demand for wireless communication spots that can match recent challenges due to high technical leaps in smart city evolution. As the number of users is vastly increasing throughout all networks in the form of machines, devices, and variously distinct objects, FSO is a hugely recommended robust communication system that mitigates a lot of RF disadvantages on the field with no need for licensing, fast rollout time, and low cost. This paper shows an exploit of a Low Power Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based FSO communication system designed for Line of Sight (LOS) Building to Building Communication over a distance of 12 m using a 650 nm Visible Light (VL) red laser source via On-Off Keying (OOK) and higher-level Intensity Modulation (IM)/Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) schemes. The implemented system reached a doubled data rate than OOK of 230 kbps u...

2025, Energy and Power Engineering

For decades, the power system was highly centralized. With the growing integration of distributed generations into the system, there is a necessity for bi-directional communication methods to monitor and control the remote assets. The primary objective of this paper is to develop a communication link for monitoring and controlling a grid-connected inverter in a remote location. Furthermore, the paper presents developments that have been incorporated to improve the communication link. The literature survey indicates that LoRa is superior compared to other technologies, but has some security and reliability issues. This paper also presents an encryption algorithm to improve the security of the LoRa link. Local data storage added to the system before transmitting data increases the system reliability. A display at the transmission end is added to improve the user-friendliness of the communication link. A Powerline Communication link is parallelly added to the LoRa link to improve the reliability. Finally, tests are conducted with an actual inverter and the results are presented. The tests show that the developed communication link has improved security and reliability, while its open nature makes it highly scalable and adaptable for employment in other smart grid applications.

2025

This thesis presents selection, design, development, and validation of a communica- tion method for remote control of a grid-tied inverter. There is a gap in the smart grid field for a secure and reliable communication method. To fulfill this gap three low-cost wireless such as LoRa, Radio Teletype, and UHF/ VHF based data communication technologies were tested, compared and presented in the thesis. Based on the test results, range, data transfer rate, and power consumption, LoRa based communica- tion are selected as the most suitable method to satisfy the problem. Security and reliability issues have been identified in the LoRa based communication. Therefore, an encryption algorithm is developed to improve the security of the LoRa communication and data have been logged into a local data storage to improve the reliability. To increase the reliability of the developed system further, Power Line Carrier (PLC) communication link has been combined in parallel to the LoRa communication ...

2025, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

This paper deals with the issue of measurement device placement for load flow analysis in medium-voltage (MV) distribution networks. The study is carried out using an innovative measurement algorithm for load flow analysis developed by the authors. It is based on low-voltage (LV) load power measurements applied on a backward/forward algorithm for the load flow resolution. The final aim is to identify the most suitable number and placement of the LV measurement points in order to limit the uncertainty on the power flow estimation to a target value. The proposed approach is based on the uncertainty evaluation of the estimated power flows; a sensitivity analysis is performed in order to assess the uncertainty contribution of each LV power measurement to the estimated power flow upstream of each MV feeder of the distribution network. The LV measurement device placement is presented and discussed in a real case study, i.e., the distribution network of the Ustica Island. Index Terms-Advanced metering infrastructure, load flow (LF) analysis, meter placement, power measurements, power quality analyzer (PQA), power system measurements, power system monitoring, smart grids. T HE INCREASING presence of distributed generation and energy storage systems, at both medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) levels, is leading to important changes in the distribution network structure and management [1], . The modern smart grids are characterized by bidirectional power flows and an increased number of monitoring, communication, and management systems and devices, which can guarantee many functionalities, such as voltage and frequency regulation, anti-islanding protection, fault location and isolation, service restoration, power quality monitoring, and system diagnostic [3], . In this framework, a fundamental role of the smart grid monitoring system is the load flow (LF) analysis, which evaluates a lot of network electrical data, such as node voltages Manuscript

2025, IEEE transactions on power delivery

Power line communication (PLC) technology is exploited worldwide for automatic meter reading on low-voltage networks. On the contrary, it is not used at medium voltage (MV) level, where it requires dedicated and costly PLC couplers. To face this issue, in previous works the authors investigated the possibility of reducing costs by coupling the signal by means of elements already installed in MV networks. A patented solution was based on the exploitation of capacitive dividers of voltage detective systems (VDSs) normally installed in MV switchgears of distribution network's substations. This paper investigates the use of capacitive dividers embedded in commercial separable connector of MV cables heads, instead. In comparison with VDSs, cable heads voltage dividers have different characteristics; thus an ad-hoc characterization and design of PLC coupling system is presented and discussed. Firstly, impedance measurements are performed to characterize cable heads behavior in the frequency range of interest. An equivalent circuit model is obtained and used to design an electronic interface card for signal coupling. Simulations and experimental tests are performed in FCC above CENELEC frequency band, to analyze channel frequency response and transmission performances, in terms of success rate and SNR. The results testify the proposed coupling solution feasibility.

2025, Energies

This paper proposes a new coupling solution for transmitting narrowband multicarrier power line communication (PLC) signals over medium voltage (MV) power lines. The proposed system is based on an innovative PLC coupling principle, patented by the authors, which exploits the capacitive divider embedded in voltage detecting systems (VDS) already installed inside the MV switchboard. Thus, no dedicated couplers have to be installed and no switchboard modifications or energy interruptions are needed. This allows a significant cost reduction of MV PLC implementation. A first prototype of the proposed coupling system was presented in previous papers: it had a 15 kHz bandwidth useful to couple single carrier PSK modulated PLC signals with a center frequency from 50–200 kHz. In this paper, a new prototype is developed with a larger bandwidth, up to 164 kHz, thus allowing to couple multicarrier G3-PLC signals using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation. This mo...

2025, Measurement

This paper investigates the feasibility of a smart metering architecture for modern power grids in the smart cities framework. A particular focus is made on Automatic Meter Reading, with the aim of facing some costs and safety drawbacks of current solutions (such as dependence from wireless communication providers, reliability problems in bad weather conditions, and exposition to cyber-attacks). The proposed architecture exploits power line communications (PLC) at both low and medium voltage level, thanks to new devices and an innovative medium voltage PLC coupling system. The new coupling solution and the whole smart metering architecture are experimentally verified in a wide frequency range, from CENELEC A band up to 200 kHz, by using different modulation techniques; the on-field measurement campaign has been carried out on the distribution network of Favignana Island (Mediterranean Sea). Success rate and RTT measured in real environment confirm the feasibility of the proposed solution.  A PLC-based architecture is proposed for smart metering in distribution grids  A new medium voltage PLC coupler is used, which has been patented by authors  On-field experimental tests are made in the distribution grid of Favignana Island

2025, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

The paper proposes and verifies the performance of an innovative and low cost coupling system for power line communication (PLC) on medium voltage (MV) smart grids. The coupling system makes use of the capacitive divider of the voltage detecting systems (VDS) to inject and receive the PLC signal. VDS are usually already installed in the MV switchboards of the major electrical manufacturer all over the world according to IEC 61243-5. VDS are used to detect the presence of the mains voltage to guarantee personnel safety. An interface circuit has been developed to be connected between the PLC transceiver and the VDS socket. In this way, the PLC signal can be coupled to the MV network without installing a dedicated MV coupler, thus avoiding the related costs of the coupler, the installation, and the temporary service interruption. The innovative device is able to couple digitally modulated narrowband PLC signals with modulation rate up to 19.2 kbit/s. In the paper, firstly a description of the proposed solution is reported. Secondly, its communication performance has been tested in laboratory. Finally, different tests have been carried out in two MV smart grid real installations under normal operation, i.e in the presence of the mains voltage.

2025, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Power line communication (PLC) is one of the most today used technologies for both automatic meter reading and many other smart grid applications. In this framework, a characterization of the electrical network in the PLC frequency range is needed in terms of impedance measurement and received signal level. This can allow choosing the most suitable and less noisy frequency ranges for PLC transmission. Usually, these characterization measurements are performed with dedicated instrumentation and in the absence of mains voltage. This article wants to propose an alternative solution, which allows these kinds of measurements to be performed using electronic boards currently used as on-field applications, such as smart meters. To this aim, an innovative measurement tool is proposed, which does not need a specific characterization signal to be injected because it uses the preamble of a generic PLC transmission. Moreover, the impedance calculation is performed using an FFT analysis, which does not require high computational capabilities. These features allowed the proposed tool to be implemented using a G3-PLC transceiver, embedded in many commercial smart meters, and low-cost additional hardware. This article shows how the proposed system correctly measures the PLC impedance on CENELEC A, B, and FCC frequency ranges.

2025, SPIE Proceedings

In the current national scene, many actions point at projects of digital inclusion and citizenship. In this context, providing access technologies as a requisite for the implementation of these actions is primordial. In this way, many innovative experiences have been presented in the past few years. This paper presents a study on the Powerline Communication -PLC technology; as a proposal for a feasible access network for Brazilian Amazon. First, the characteristics of the PLC technology are studied from an implanted indoor prototype at Federal University of Pará. The measures used in this prototype serve as input for a created model, from which it is intended to study the system more widely, considering factors such as: scalability, reliability and the physical characteristics.

2025, Journal of Applied Geophysics

In this paper we discuss the modeling, design and verification of large-moment transmitter (TX) loops for geophysical applications. We first develop two equivalent circuit models for TX loops. We show that the equivalent inductance can be predicted using one of two empirical formulas. The stray capacitance of the loop is then calculated using the measured self-resonant frequency and the loop inductance. We model the losses associated with both the skin effect and the dissipation factor in both of these equivalent circuits. We find that the two equivalent circuit models produce the same results provided that the dissipation factor is small. Next we compare the measured input impedances for three TX loops that were constructed with different wire configurations with the equivalent circuit model. We found excellent agreement between the measured and simulated results after adjusting the dissipation factor. Since the skin effect and dissipation factor yield good agreement with measurements, the proximity effect is negligible in the three TX loops that we tested. We found that the effects of the dissipation factor dominated those of the skin effect when the wires were relatively close together. When the wires were widely separated, then the skin effect was the dominant loss mechanism. We also found that loops with wider wire separations exhibited higher self-resonant frequencies and better highfrequency performance.

2025, Network and Communication Technologies

Performance improvement of a power line communication system is presented here considering the noise as a cyclostationary non-white Gaussian random process. Performance of a power line communication system is severely deteriorated by fading and multipath effect. The impulsive noise has been considered time variant, has short duration, random occurrence with a high power spectral density (PSD). It causes bit error in the signal. Using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique, the effect of impulsive noise and fading can be improved greatly. An analytic approach is presented to evaluate the performance of a power line communication link in the presence of the above limitations. The simulation results show that there is deterioration in system BER due to time and frequency dependence of noise and the degradation is found to be significant at higher bit rates and bandwidth. The system suffers penalty in receiver sensitivity due to non-white nature of the noise process. In this paper, an analytical approach using diversity reception is carried out to examine the performance improvement of a power line channel in fading and impulsive noise. The system bit error rate (BER) is compared numerically for both binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and OFDM system. The BER results show that there is significant improvement in OFDM. Also the performance is remarkably upgraded using diversity reception.

2025, Network and Complex Systems

Power line distribution networks are mainly used for electrical power supply. The ever-increasing demand of low cost telecommunication, broadband and access to internet services has applied a driven force leading to further research in the field of power-line communication. Different multiplexing techniques, OFDM, CDMA, MC-CDMA, has been already used with power line communication. In this paper coded IDMA is being used with power line communication also the simulation and result has been described. Keywords: CDMA.IDMA,MC-CDMA,OFDM, Power line communication.

2025, Ijca Proceedings on International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks Csi Comnet 2011

In this paper a survey of power line communications has been presented. As power line distribution networks are available in almost each building that is mainly used for the supply of electrical power, it will be very interesting if such media could be used for the transmission of data. The demand of low cost telecommunication, broadband and access to internet services is increasing day by day and applied a driven force leading to further research in the field of power line communications. A number of organizations are working on power line communications and more advanced schemes are being proposed so that a new dimension could be added to the potential application of established wire line infrastructure.

2025

The (MC-CDMA) is an advanced broadband wireless transmission technology combining (OFDM) and spread spectrum techniques. The MC-CDMA family can have several competitive properties, e.g., robustness against the frequency selective fading channel, flexibility in system design, low detection complexity, and lower peak-to-average power ratio. MCCDMA support multi-class traffic with different bit error rate .The study of BER performance ,SNR performance, Standard Deviation Of Phase Error performance , Peak Power Compression performance , Mutipath performance over different modulation techniques are obtained. The peak power compression ratio is the ratio of the peak power of the signal before clipping to the peak power of the clipped signal. In this peak power compression and standard deviation of phase error is computed. When the simulation take place the clipping signal effects the output power amplifier being over driven, therefore peak to RMS power of the signal is reduced and it allo...

2025, Proceedings. 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37252)

Space-time coding is an effective way to combat Rayleigh fading using multiple transmit antennas. By associating a spreading code with each symbol in the space-time block code, a general model for space-time block codes for both narrowband and wideband systems is obtained, where a narrowband system can be interpreted as a specific case of a wideband Direct-Sequence Code-Division Multiple Access system. For both the uplink and downlink, from the Chernoff bound of the pairwise error probability, the classical space-time coding design metrics (diversity gain and coding gain) are investigated for flat fading and multipath channels. In the uplink, the multiuser coding problem decouples to multiple single user coding problems; in the downlink, a true multiuser coding problem exists. It is found that, for wideband systems, if linearly independent spreading codes are employed at different transmit antennas, full diversity gain is easily guaranteed in contrast to narrowband systems. The exact diversity level of a system is determined. It is shown that good flat fading channel codes retain their good coding gain in a multipath environment when the channel delay spread is relatively small in comparison to the symbol interval. Some optimal minimum metric codes for quasi-static channels found via computer search are presented and their relative performances are compared. The search results show that certain optimal minimum metric codes exhibit significant gains over comparable known orthogonal codes or unitary group codes.

2025, IEEE Access

Physical layer security (PLS) has become a popular topic in the research community as a complement to traditional security schemes. Particularly, by taking advantage of the channel's symmetry, a robust ecosystem of security applications has developed in wireless communications. However, in power line communications (PLC), the general lack of channel symmetry has limited and hampered the development of physical layer techniques. In this paper, we address the cited constraint, by deriving a symmetric virtual channel impulse response (CIR) from the corresponding asymmetric PLC channel state information (CSI). In view of this, we propose a low-complexity and, to the best of our knowledge, the first CIR multilevel quantization algorithm that can be used in various PLC applications. While we contextualize our solution within the PLS domain, it has a wide applicability. Specifically, we start by analyzing the PLC channel path delays reciprocity, its relationship with topology changes, and its independence from all other power line characteristics. Then, the quality and viability of the proposed scheme are quantified, by comparing the bit mismatch rate (BMR) with its one-level quantization counterpart. The simulation results, under different topologies, confirm the performance of the proposed approach that can reduce the BMR by at least three orders of magnitude with respect to the one-level quantization, for noise levels below 90 dBuV. Finally, we conclude the paper by showing a few applications of the proposed solution and highlighting some future research directions. INDEX TERMS Channel impulse response (CIR), power line communications (PLC), quantization, reconciliation, smart grid, security.

2025, 2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications

This work aims at measuring, characterizing, and analyzing hybrid channels for mobile data communication with power line communication (PLC) technologies. These channels denote the concatenation of power line and wireless as only one channel. A measurement setup and OFDM-based technique for channel estimation were applied to carry out a measurement campaign of hybrid channels in the P LC → wireless and wireless → P LC directions. Preliminary results as well as analysis when estimates of the hybrid channels cover the frequency band between 1.7 up to 100 MHz are presented. The attained results reveals that these hybrid channels are very challenging ones. Also, they could be useful for data communication if more investigation concerning the PLC coupling device, the antenna geometry, and theoretical formulation for the signal propagation through the hybrid channel is deeply investigated.

2025, Electronics

This paper presents a performance analysis based on a practical approach of narrowband communication through power lines (Power Line Communication—PLC) to the last-mile industrial environment. A kit for developing PLC based applications, in accordance with the G3-PLC standard, was used for the analysis. Experimental tests and results are presented for different scenarios of noise to represent a last-mile industrial environment. The influence of noise insertion in the PLC channel is presented turned on and off a set of inverters and motors, in order to verify the influence of these elements on the performance of the evaluated communication. As a comparative basis, the maximum standard transmission distance of the AS-Interface industrial network standard was used. This standard is widely used in industrial environments for communication between factory floor sensors and actuators. The propose for last-mile to Industry 4.0 can be considered with the results in applications with a large...

2025

Generators are critical production assets responsible for reliable power system operation. Generator faults are very costly and may require months of repair time before a generator goes back online. Compared to the potential loss of revenue and the cost of generator component repairs, protection system costs are hardly detectable on the same scale. It is therefore no surprise that generators are protected using the absolute best technology available at any given time. This paper takes an in-depth look at the injection-based stator ground protection principle, reviews state-of-the-art techniques, and reports on a novel standalone injection-based relay capable of offering 64S 100 percent stator ground protection all of the time. The paper then presents the field experience of this 64S relay on a 50 Hz system at Generación Riojana S.A., Argentina.

2025

Based on proven and robust technology (Power Line Communication system), we have developed and tested in a real demonstrator a home automation control solution applied to smart lighting and appliances remote control. This technological solution is robust, reliable, economical and perfectly suited to developing countries. The design of power Line carrier communication system based on FSK-KQ330 module has two main advantages: a simple hardware circuit, which makes the module easy to design, manufacture, and maintain. In addition, a low cost, which makes the module affordable for a wide range of applications. The results obtained in real conditions made it possible to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of this remote control device for lighting and household appliances.

2025, Network and Complex Systems

2025

In the paper problem of electromagnetic transient processes simulation for power transmission research is considered. Mathematical model of AC power transmission block “power source-power transformer-transmission-line-power autotransformerload” is presented. The problem of mathematical modeling of electric power systems with synchronous non-salient poles generators is considered. Expediency of electric power system elements creation and their adaptation to MATLAB/Simulink environment on the basis of mathematical models and macromodels is shown.

2025, arXiv (Cornell University)

In this paper, we propose the explicit construction of a new class of lattices based on polar codes, which are provably good for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We follow the multilevel construction of Forney et al. (i.e., Construction D), where the code on each level is a capacityachieving polar code for that level. The proposed polar lattices are efficiently decodable by using multistage decoding. Performance bounds are derived to measure the gap to the generalized capacity at given error probability. A design example is presented to demonstrate the performance of polar lattices.

2025, IEEE Access

Blanking non-linearity is broadly used in impulsive noise communication environments due to its efficiency and ease of deployment to mitigate such noise. During the blanking procedure, data samples with impulsive noise are identified and clipped to zero, which removes impulsive noise from the system thereby, improving the system performance. In this regard, this paper investigates the performance of hybrid power line communication-visible light communication (PLC-VLC) systems with blanking nonlinearity. The signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio at the output of the blanking device is deduced using a closed-form analytical expression. The results show that there is good agreement between simulation results and theory if there is a sufficiently large number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sub-carriers. In addition, the study also indicates that the blanking method is more effective in curbing impulsive noise in comparison to the clipping technique. According to the threshold optimisation investigations, there exists a worst-case SINR value that minimizes the output SNR at the OFDM receiver after blanking. Furthermore, the findings also revealed that proper blanking threshold selection is essential for obtaining the best performance.

2025, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering

Power Line Communication (PLC) is a technology which transforms the power line into pathways for the conveyance of broadband data. It has the advantage for it can avoid new installation since the current installation used for electrical power can also be used for data transmission. However, this power line channel presents a harsh environment for data transmission owing to the challenges of impulsive noise, high attenuation, selective fading and etc. In this paper to provide special structure to signal in frequency domain we have applied interleaving of signal in time domain. Based on the special structure, IN support is determined by using compound signal classification (CSC) and its amplitude is estimated by Least Squares (LS) method in frequency domain, exploiting the noise information on null subcarriers in Discrete Multitone Transform (DMT) system.

2025, arXiv: Signal Processing

Smart grid is an energy infrastructure that increases energy efficiency by using communication infrastructure, smart meters, smart appliances, automated control and networking, and more. This paper focuses on the Power Line Communication (PLC) aspect and technologies used in the smart grid. There are various challenges and advancements in the smart grid; this research discusses how PLC can improve smart grid performance. In order to provide applicable results, practical PLC system parameters and other required data was obtained from Florida Power and Light (FPL). Modeling of the PLC system with different types of digital modulations was conducted using MATLAB/Simulink software and Python. The benefits and design tradeoffs of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK) are discussed. The modulation schemes are compared on the basis of their applicability to a practical PLC network by comparing the results of the simulations

2025

2025, International journal of engineering research and technology

We have designed a remote controlled fan regulator, which can be used to adjust the speed of the fan by using any kind of remote, most commonly, a TV remote. The device would allow a person to control the speed of a fan by simply pointing the remote towards a sensor and then pressing any key. Whereas there have been methods of controlling fan speed using other methods, like using the sound of clapping, our method is by far the cheapest and simplest. In the final stage, we have done the hardware implementation of the controller by fabricating a printed circuit board.

2025, Signal Processing: An International Journal ( …

One major drawback associated with an OFDM system is that the transmitter's output signal may have a high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). High levels of PAR may be a limiting factor for power line communication (PLC) where regulatory bodies have fixed the maximum amount of transmit power. To overcome this problem, many approaches have been presented in the literature. One potential solution for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in an OFDM system is to utilize a constant envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) system. This paper describes a CE-OFDM based modem for Power Line Communications (PLC) over the low voltage distribution network. The impact of the electrical appliances on the signal transmission is investigated. The good performances of the BER have been checked by the simulation platform of real PLC channel using Matlab. Finally, CE-OFDM-CPM is compared with conventional OFDM under HomePlug AV..

2025

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ DEDICAT ÓRIA À minha família e aos meus amigos. AGRADECIMENTOS À minha esposa Tereza e aos meus filhos Vinícius e Vitor pela paciência, incentivos e minhas ausências. À minha família, especialmente minha mãe, Maria Lúcia, e aos meus irmãos Cláudia, Carlos Augusto, Alexandre e Leonardo, por todo apoio, suporte, motivação e confiança depositada em mim. Ao meu orientador, Professor Moisés Vidal Ribeiro, pelos ensinamentos, incentivos e disposição durante todo o decorrer deste trabalho.

2025, Anais do XL Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações e Processamento de Sinais

This paper aims to analyze how the characteristics of passive components impact the design of power line communication (PLC) coupling circuits for broadband applications. Based on measurement results from the Impedance Analyzer E4491A, we show that plated through-hole and surface mount device components present distinct behaviors in the higher frequencies. Consequently, we point out that the implementation type of passive components is essential when the design has to result in impedance matching and flat frequency response for minimizing distortions in the coupling process in high frequencies.