Power Line Communication Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

This paper deals with the issue of measurement device placement for load flow analysis in medium-voltage (MV) distribution networks. The study is carried out using an innovative measurement algorithm for load flow analysis developed by the authors. It is based on low-voltage (LV) load power measurements applied on a backward/forward algorithm for the load flow resolution. The final aim is to identify the most suitable number and placement of the LV measurement points in order to limit the uncertainty on the power flow estimation to a target value. The proposed approach is based on the uncertainty evaluation of the estimated power flows; a sensitivity analysis is performed in order to assess the uncertainty contribution of each LV power measurement to the estimated power flow upstream of each MV feeder of the distribution network. The LV measurement device placement is presented and discussed in a real case study, i.e., the distribution network of the Ustica Island. Index Terms-Advanced metering infrastructure, load flow (LF) analysis, meter placement, power measurements, power quality analyzer (PQA), power system measurements, power system monitoring, smart grids. T HE INCREASING presence of distributed generation and energy storage systems, at both medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) levels, is leading to important changes in the distribution network structure and management [1], . The modern smart grids are characterized by bidirectional power flows and an increased number of monitoring, communication, and management systems and devices, which can guarantee many functionalities, such as voltage and frequency regulation, anti-islanding protection, fault location and isolation, service restoration, power quality monitoring, and system diagnostic [3], . In this framework, a fundamental role of the smart grid monitoring system is the load flow (LF) analysis, which evaluates a lot of network electrical data, such as node voltages Manuscript

2025, IEEE transactions on power delivery

Power line communication (PLC) technology is exploited worldwide for automatic meter reading on low-voltage networks. On the contrary, it is not used at medium voltage (MV) level, where it requires dedicated and costly PLC couplers. To face this issue, in previous works the authors investigated the possibility of reducing costs by coupling the signal by means of elements already installed in MV networks. A patented solution was based on the exploitation of capacitive dividers of voltage detective systems (VDSs) normally installed in MV switchgears of distribution network's substations. This paper investigates the use of capacitive dividers embedded in commercial separable connector of MV cables heads, instead. In comparison with VDSs, cable heads voltage dividers have different characteristics; thus an ad-hoc characterization and design of PLC coupling system is presented and discussed. Firstly, impedance measurements are performed to characterize cable heads behavior in the frequency range of interest. An equivalent circuit model is obtained and used to design an electronic interface card for signal coupling. Simulations and experimental tests are performed in FCC above CENELEC frequency band, to analyze channel frequency response and transmission performances, in terms of success rate and SNR. The results testify the proposed coupling solution feasibility.

2025, Energies

This paper proposes a new coupling solution for transmitting narrowband multicarrier power line communication (PLC) signals over medium voltage (MV) power lines. The proposed system is based on an innovative PLC coupling principle, patented by the authors, which exploits the capacitive divider embedded in voltage detecting systems (VDS) already installed inside the MV switchboard. Thus, no dedicated couplers have to be installed and no switchboard modifications or energy interruptions are needed. This allows a significant cost reduction of MV PLC implementation. A first prototype of the proposed coupling system was presented in previous papers: it had a 15 kHz bandwidth useful to couple single carrier PSK modulated PLC signals with a center frequency from 50–200 kHz. In this paper, a new prototype is developed with a larger bandwidth, up to 164 kHz, thus allowing to couple multicarrier G3-PLC signals using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation. This mo...

2025, Measurement

This paper investigates the feasibility of a smart metering architecture for modern power grids in the smart cities framework. A particular focus is made on Automatic Meter Reading, with the aim of facing some costs and safety drawbacks of current solutions (such as dependence from wireless communication providers, reliability problems in bad weather conditions, and exposition to cyber-attacks). The proposed architecture exploits power line communications (PLC) at both low and medium voltage level, thanks to new devices and an innovative medium voltage PLC coupling system. The new coupling solution and the whole smart metering architecture are experimentally verified in a wide frequency range, from CENELEC A band up to 200 kHz, by using different modulation techniques; the on-field measurement campaign has been carried out on the distribution network of Favignana Island (Mediterranean Sea). Success rate and RTT measured in real environment confirm the feasibility of the proposed solution.  A PLC-based architecture is proposed for smart metering in distribution grids  A new medium voltage PLC coupler is used, which has been patented by authors  On-field experimental tests are made in the distribution grid of Favignana Island

2025, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

The paper proposes and verifies the performance of an innovative and low cost coupling system for power line communication (PLC) on medium voltage (MV) smart grids. The coupling system makes use of the capacitive divider of the voltage detecting systems (VDS) to inject and receive the PLC signal. VDS are usually already installed in the MV switchboards of the major electrical manufacturer all over the world according to IEC 61243-5. VDS are used to detect the presence of the mains voltage to guarantee personnel safety. An interface circuit has been developed to be connected between the PLC transceiver and the VDS socket. In this way, the PLC signal can be coupled to the MV network without installing a dedicated MV coupler, thus avoiding the related costs of the coupler, the installation, and the temporary service interruption. The innovative device is able to couple digitally modulated narrowband PLC signals with modulation rate up to 19.2 kbit/s. In the paper, firstly a description of the proposed solution is reported. Secondly, its communication performance has been tested in laboratory. Finally, different tests have been carried out in two MV smart grid real installations under normal operation, i.e in the presence of the mains voltage.

2025, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Power line communication (PLC) is one of the most today used technologies for both automatic meter reading and many other smart grid applications. In this framework, a characterization of the electrical network in the PLC frequency range is needed in terms of impedance measurement and received signal level. This can allow choosing the most suitable and less noisy frequency ranges for PLC transmission. Usually, these characterization measurements are performed with dedicated instrumentation and in the absence of mains voltage. This article wants to propose an alternative solution, which allows these kinds of measurements to be performed using electronic boards currently used as on-field applications, such as smart meters. To this aim, an innovative measurement tool is proposed, which does not need a specific characterization signal to be injected because it uses the preamble of a generic PLC transmission. Moreover, the impedance calculation is performed using an FFT analysis, which does not require high computational capabilities. These features allowed the proposed tool to be implemented using a G3-PLC transceiver, embedded in many commercial smart meters, and low-cost additional hardware. This article shows how the proposed system correctly measures the PLC impedance on CENELEC A, B, and FCC frequency ranges.

2025, SPIE Proceedings

In the current national scene, many actions point at projects of digital inclusion and citizenship. In this context, providing access technologies as a requisite for the implementation of these actions is primordial. In this way, many innovative experiences have been presented in the past few years. This paper presents a study on the Powerline Communication -PLC technology; as a proposal for a feasible access network for Brazilian Amazon. First, the characteristics of the PLC technology are studied from an implanted indoor prototype at Federal University of Pará. The measures used in this prototype serve as input for a created model, from which it is intended to study the system more widely, considering factors such as: scalability, reliability and the physical characteristics.

2025, Journal of Applied Geophysics

In this paper we discuss the modeling, design and verification of large-moment transmitter (TX) loops for geophysical applications. We first develop two equivalent circuit models for TX loops. We show that the equivalent inductance can be predicted using one of two empirical formulas. The stray capacitance of the loop is then calculated using the measured self-resonant frequency and the loop inductance. We model the losses associated with both the skin effect and the dissipation factor in both of these equivalent circuits. We find that the two equivalent circuit models produce the same results provided that the dissipation factor is small. Next we compare the measured input impedances for three TX loops that were constructed with different wire configurations with the equivalent circuit model. We found excellent agreement between the measured and simulated results after adjusting the dissipation factor. Since the skin effect and dissipation factor yield good agreement with measurements, the proximity effect is negligible in the three TX loops that we tested. We found that the effects of the dissipation factor dominated those of the skin effect when the wires were relatively close together. When the wires were widely separated, then the skin effect was the dominant loss mechanism. We also found that loops with wider wire separations exhibited higher self-resonant frequencies and better highfrequency performance.

2025, Network and Communication Technologies

Performance improvement of a power line communication system is presented here considering the noise as a cyclostationary non-white Gaussian random process. Performance of a power line communication system is severely deteriorated by fading and multipath effect. The impulsive noise has been considered time variant, has short duration, random occurrence with a high power spectral density (PSD). It causes bit error in the signal. Using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique, the effect of impulsive noise and fading can be improved greatly. An analytic approach is presented to evaluate the performance of a power line communication link in the presence of the above limitations. The simulation results show that there is deterioration in system BER due to time and frequency dependence of noise and the degradation is found to be significant at higher bit rates and bandwidth. The system suffers penalty in receiver sensitivity due to non-white nature of the noise process. In this paper, an analytical approach using diversity reception is carried out to examine the performance improvement of a power line channel in fading and impulsive noise. The system bit error rate (BER) is compared numerically for both binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and OFDM system. The BER results show that there is significant improvement in OFDM. Also the performance is remarkably upgraded using diversity reception.

2025, Network and Complex Systems

Power line distribution networks are mainly used for electrical power supply. The ever-increasing demand of low cost telecommunication, broadband and access to internet services has applied a driven force leading to further research in the field of power-line communication. Different multiplexing techniques, OFDM, CDMA, MC-CDMA, has been already used with power line communication. In this paper coded IDMA is being used with power line communication also the simulation and result has been described. Keywords: CDMA.IDMA,MC-CDMA,OFDM, Power line communication.

2025, Ijca Proceedings on International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks Csi Comnet 2011

In this paper a survey of power line communications has been presented. As power line distribution networks are available in almost each building that is mainly used for the supply of electrical power, it will be very interesting if such media could be used for the transmission of data. The demand of low cost telecommunication, broadband and access to internet services is increasing day by day and applied a driven force leading to further research in the field of power line communications. A number of organizations are working on power line communications and more advanced schemes are being proposed so that a new dimension could be added to the potential application of established wire line infrastructure.

2025

The (MC-CDMA) is an advanced broadband wireless transmission technology combining (OFDM) and spread spectrum techniques. The MC-CDMA family can have several competitive properties, e.g., robustness against the frequency selective fading channel, flexibility in system design, low detection complexity, and lower peak-to-average power ratio. MCCDMA support multi-class traffic with different bit error rate .The study of BER performance ,SNR performance, Standard Deviation Of Phase Error performance , Peak Power Compression performance , Mutipath performance over different modulation techniques are obtained. The peak power compression ratio is the ratio of the peak power of the signal before clipping to the peak power of the clipped signal. In this peak power compression and standard deviation of phase error is computed. When the simulation take place the clipping signal effects the output power amplifier being over driven, therefore peak to RMS power of the signal is reduced and it allo...

2025, Proceedings. 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37252)

Space-time coding is an effective way to combat Rayleigh fading using multiple transmit antennas. By associating a spreading code with each symbol in the space-time block code, a general model for space-time block codes for both narrowband and wideband systems is obtained, where a narrowband system can be interpreted as a specific case of a wideband Direct-Sequence Code-Division Multiple Access system. For both the uplink and downlink, from the Chernoff bound of the pairwise error probability, the classical space-time coding design metrics (diversity gain and coding gain) are investigated for flat fading and multipath channels. In the uplink, the multiuser coding problem decouples to multiple single user coding problems; in the downlink, a true multiuser coding problem exists. It is found that, for wideband systems, if linearly independent spreading codes are employed at different transmit antennas, full diversity gain is easily guaranteed in contrast to narrowband systems. The exact diversity level of a system is determined. It is shown that good flat fading channel codes retain their good coding gain in a multipath environment when the channel delay spread is relatively small in comparison to the symbol interval. Some optimal minimum metric codes for quasi-static channels found via computer search are presented and their relative performances are compared. The search results show that certain optimal minimum metric codes exhibit significant gains over comparable known orthogonal codes or unitary group codes.

2025, IEEE Access

Physical layer security (PLS) has become a popular topic in the research community as a complement to traditional security schemes. Particularly, by taking advantage of the channel's symmetry, a robust ecosystem of security applications has developed in wireless communications. However, in power line communications (PLC), the general lack of channel symmetry has limited and hampered the development of physical layer techniques. In this paper, we address the cited constraint, by deriving a symmetric virtual channel impulse response (CIR) from the corresponding asymmetric PLC channel state information (CSI). In view of this, we propose a low-complexity and, to the best of our knowledge, the first CIR multilevel quantization algorithm that can be used in various PLC applications. While we contextualize our solution within the PLS domain, it has a wide applicability. Specifically, we start by analyzing the PLC channel path delays reciprocity, its relationship with topology changes, and its independence from all other power line characteristics. Then, the quality and viability of the proposed scheme are quantified, by comparing the bit mismatch rate (BMR) with its one-level quantization counterpart. The simulation results, under different topologies, confirm the performance of the proposed approach that can reduce the BMR by at least three orders of magnitude with respect to the one-level quantization, for noise levels below 90 dBuV. Finally, we conclude the paper by showing a few applications of the proposed solution and highlighting some future research directions. INDEX TERMS Channel impulse response (CIR), power line communications (PLC), quantization, reconciliation, smart grid, security.

2025, 2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications

This work aims at measuring, characterizing, and analyzing hybrid channels for mobile data communication with power line communication (PLC) technologies. These channels denote the concatenation of power line and wireless as only one channel. A measurement setup and OFDM-based technique for channel estimation were applied to carry out a measurement campaign of hybrid channels in the P LC → wireless and wireless → P LC directions. Preliminary results as well as analysis when estimates of the hybrid channels cover the frequency band between 1.7 up to 100 MHz are presented. The attained results reveals that these hybrid channels are very challenging ones. Also, they could be useful for data communication if more investigation concerning the PLC coupling device, the antenna geometry, and theoretical formulation for the signal propagation through the hybrid channel is deeply investigated.

2025, Electronics

This paper presents a performance analysis based on a practical approach of narrowband communication through power lines (Power Line Communication—PLC) to the last-mile industrial environment. A kit for developing PLC based applications, in accordance with the G3-PLC standard, was used for the analysis. Experimental tests and results are presented for different scenarios of noise to represent a last-mile industrial environment. The influence of noise insertion in the PLC channel is presented turned on and off a set of inverters and motors, in order to verify the influence of these elements on the performance of the evaluated communication. As a comparative basis, the maximum standard transmission distance of the AS-Interface industrial network standard was used. This standard is widely used in industrial environments for communication between factory floor sensors and actuators. The propose for last-mile to Industry 4.0 can be considered with the results in applications with a large...

2025

Generators are critical production assets responsible for reliable power system operation. Generator faults are very costly and may require months of repair time before a generator goes back online. Compared to the potential loss of revenue and the cost of generator component repairs, protection system costs are hardly detectable on the same scale. It is therefore no surprise that generators are protected using the absolute best technology available at any given time. This paper takes an in-depth look at the injection-based stator ground protection principle, reviews state-of-the-art techniques, and reports on a novel standalone injection-based relay capable of offering 64S 100 percent stator ground protection all of the time. The paper then presents the field experience of this 64S relay on a 50 Hz system at Generación Riojana S.A., Argentina.

2025

Based on proven and robust technology (Power Line Communication system), we have developed and tested in a real demonstrator a home automation control solution applied to smart lighting and appliances remote control. This technological solution is robust, reliable, economical and perfectly suited to developing countries. The design of power Line carrier communication system based on FSK-KQ330 module has two main advantages: a simple hardware circuit, which makes the module easy to design, manufacture, and maintain. In addition, a low cost, which makes the module affordable for a wide range of applications. The results obtained in real conditions made it possible to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of this remote control device for lighting and household appliances.

2025, Network and Complex Systems

2025

In the paper problem of electromagnetic transient processes simulation for power transmission research is considered. Mathematical model of AC power transmission block “power source-power transformer-transmission-line-power autotransformerload” is presented. The problem of mathematical modeling of electric power systems with synchronous non-salient poles generators is considered. Expediency of electric power system elements creation and their adaptation to MATLAB/Simulink environment on the basis of mathematical models and macromodels is shown.

2025, arXiv (Cornell University)

In this paper, we propose the explicit construction of a new class of lattices based on polar codes, which are provably good for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We follow the multilevel construction of Forney et al. (i.e., Construction D), where the code on each level is a capacityachieving polar code for that level. The proposed polar lattices are efficiently decodable by using multistage decoding. Performance bounds are derived to measure the gap to the generalized capacity at given error probability. A design example is presented to demonstrate the performance of polar lattices.

2025, IEEE Access

Blanking non-linearity is broadly used in impulsive noise communication environments due to its efficiency and ease of deployment to mitigate such noise. During the blanking procedure, data samples with impulsive noise are identified and clipped to zero, which removes impulsive noise from the system thereby, improving the system performance. In this regard, this paper investigates the performance of hybrid power line communication-visible light communication (PLC-VLC) systems with blanking nonlinearity. The signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio at the output of the blanking device is deduced using a closed-form analytical expression. The results show that there is good agreement between simulation results and theory if there is a sufficiently large number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sub-carriers. In addition, the study also indicates that the blanking method is more effective in curbing impulsive noise in comparison to the clipping technique. According to the threshold optimisation investigations, there exists a worst-case SINR value that minimizes the output SNR at the OFDM receiver after blanking. Furthermore, the findings also revealed that proper blanking threshold selection is essential for obtaining the best performance.

2025, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering

Power Line Communication (PLC) is a technology which transforms the power line into pathways for the conveyance of broadband data. It has the advantage for it can avoid new installation since the current installation used for electrical power can also be used for data transmission. However, this power line channel presents a harsh environment for data transmission owing to the challenges of impulsive noise, high attenuation, selective fading and etc. In this paper to provide special structure to signal in frequency domain we have applied interleaving of signal in time domain. Based on the special structure, IN support is determined by using compound signal classification (CSC) and its amplitude is estimated by Least Squares (LS) method in frequency domain, exploiting the noise information on null subcarriers in Discrete Multitone Transform (DMT) system.

2025, arXiv: Signal Processing

Smart grid is an energy infrastructure that increases energy efficiency by using communication infrastructure, smart meters, smart appliances, automated control and networking, and more. This paper focuses on the Power Line Communication (PLC) aspect and technologies used in the smart grid. There are various challenges and advancements in the smart grid; this research discusses how PLC can improve smart grid performance. In order to provide applicable results, practical PLC system parameters and other required data was obtained from Florida Power and Light (FPL). Modeling of the PLC system with different types of digital modulations was conducted using MATLAB/Simulink software and Python. The benefits and design tradeoffs of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK) are discussed. The modulation schemes are compared on the basis of their applicability to a practical PLC network by comparing the results of the simulations

2025

Power Line Communication (PLC) system offers cheaper mode of signal communication facilities. In fast Fourier transform (FFT) based multicarrier PLC system, a cyclic prefix (CP) of the same length of the channel impulse response is added to each symbol in order to transmit data. As a result, there is always an inherent wastage of bandwidth and resources. This research presents a wavelet transform based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (WTOFDM) approach that eliminates the need for these cyclic prefix and improves the efficiency of the PLC transmission. The presented PLC model is designed for faster and efficient transmission over the power line. The obtained results indicate that the proposed approach enhances the transmission throughput; provides better performance for impulsive noise, and increases the efficiency of the PLC system as a whole. In the end a performance comparison of different wavelet techniques have also been incorporated.

2025

2025, International journal of engineering research and technology

We have designed a remote controlled fan regulator, which can be used to adjust the speed of the fan by using any kind of remote, most commonly, a TV remote. The device would allow a person to control the speed of a fan by simply pointing the remote towards a sensor and then pressing any key. Whereas there have been methods of controlling fan speed using other methods, like using the sound of clapping, our method is by far the cheapest and simplest. In the final stage, we have done the hardware implementation of the controller by fabricating a printed circuit board.

2025, Signal Processing: An International Journal ( …

One major drawback associated with an OFDM system is that the transmitter's output signal may have a high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). High levels of PAR may be a limiting factor for power line communication (PLC) where regulatory bodies have fixed the maximum amount of transmit power. To overcome this problem, many approaches have been presented in the literature. One potential solution for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in an OFDM system is to utilize a constant envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) system. This paper describes a CE-OFDM based modem for Power Line Communications (PLC) over the low voltage distribution network. The impact of the electrical appliances on the signal transmission is investigated. The good performances of the BER have been checked by the simulation platform of real PLC channel using Matlab. Finally, CE-OFDM-CPM is compared with conventional OFDM under HomePlug AV..

2025

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ DEDICAT ÓRIA À minha família e aos meus amigos. AGRADECIMENTOS À minha esposa Tereza e aos meus filhos Vinícius e Vitor pela paciência, incentivos e minhas ausências. À minha família, especialmente minha mãe, Maria Lúcia, e aos meus irmãos Cláudia, Carlos Augusto, Alexandre e Leonardo, por todo apoio, suporte, motivação e confiança depositada em mim. Ao meu orientador, Professor Moisés Vidal Ribeiro, pelos ensinamentos, incentivos e disposição durante todo o decorrer deste trabalho.

2025, Anais do XL Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações e Processamento de Sinais

This paper aims to analyze how the characteristics of passive components impact the design of power line communication (PLC) coupling circuits for broadband applications. Based on measurement results from the Impedance Analyzer E4491A, we show that plated through-hole and surface mount device components present distinct behaviors in the higher frequencies. Consequently, we point out that the implementation type of passive components is essential when the design has to result in impedance matching and flat frequency response for minimizing distortions in the coupling process in high frequencies.

2025

Atualmente, ha um grande interesse no desenvolvimento de transceptores PLC (power line communication) para a transmissao banda larga e banda estreita de dados visando, sobretudo, aplicacoes smart grids e de acesso banda larga. Para o avanco da tecnologia PLC, ha grande demanda pela introducao de acopladores com caracteristicas e desempenhos que viabilizem a conexao dos tranceptores PLC `as redes de energia eletrica, com o minimo de distorcao possivel. Neste contexto, a presente contribuicao versa sobre o estudo, a investigacao, especiﬁcacao, projeto e analise de acopladores capacitados para transceptores PLC SISO (single input single output) banda larga e banda estreita. Para tanto, sao introduzidos acopladores PLC nas seguintes faixas de frequencias: de 9 kHz `a 2 MHz, de 1,7 MHz `a 100 MHz e de 1,7 MHz `a 150 MHz. As analises dos projetos e dos prototipos dos acopladores, concebidos para operar nas referidas bandas, mostram as diﬁculdades encontradas para garantir que as especiﬁca...

2025, Journal of Communication and Information Systems

The advent of power line communication (PLC) for smart grids, vehicular communications, internet of things and data network access has recently gained ample interest in industry and academia. Due to the characteristics of electric power grids and regulatory constraints, the effectiveness of coupling between the power line and PLC transceivers has become a very important issue. Coupling devices used to inject or extract data communication signals into or from power lines are very important components of a PLC system. There is, however, an obvious gap in the literature for a detailed review of existing PLC couplers. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of couplers, which are required for narrowband and broadband PLC transceivers. Prevailing issues that protract the design of couplers and consequently subtended the inventions of different types of couplers are clearly described. We also provide a useful classification of PLC couplers based on the type of physical couplings, voltage levels, frequency bandwidth, propagation modes and a number of connections. This survey will guide researchers, as well as designers alike, into a quicker resourcing when studying coupling in narrowband and broadband PLC systems.

2025

Esta tese de doutorado apresenta, inicialmente, uma revisao sobre acopladores para power line communication (PLC), utilizados para acoplar o sinal dos transceptores PLC a rede de energia eletrica. As questoes predominantes para o projeto de acopladores e, consequentemente, os diferentes tipos de acopladores sao discutidos. Uma classificacao dos acopladores PLC baseada nos tipos de acoplamentos (capacitivo, indutivo, resistivo e por antenas), niveis de tensao, largura de banda de frequencia, modos de propagacao e numeros de conexoes com a rede de energia eletrica e apresentada. Em seguida, o projeto de circuitos PLC de acoplamento capacitivo nao adaptativos, single input single output (SISO) de baixa tensao para aplicacoes banda larga e banda estreita sao discutidos. O acoplador PLC banda estreita e projetado para a banda de frequencia de 9 kHz-500 kHz, enquanto os acopladores banda larga sao projetados para a banda de frequencia de 1.7-50 MHz, 1.7-100 MHz e 1.7-500 MHz. Alem disso, ...

2025, Journal of Energy Technology and Environment

The power industry stands on the cusp of a technological revolution, driven by advancements in digitalization, renewable energy integration, and Smart grid infrastructure. One of the most significant shifts propelled by new technologies is the transition towards renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. Innovations in photovoltaic technology, wind turbine design, and energy storage solutions have made renewable energy more costeffective and scalable, challenging the dominance of traditional fossil fuels. As a result, the power industry is undergoing a profound transformation, characterized by decentralized energy generation, reduced carbon emissions, and enhanced energy security. Furthermore, the proliferation of digital technologies is revolutionizing the way power systems are monitored, controlled, and optimized. Advanced sensors, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and predictive analytics enable real-time monitoring of grid performance, facilitating proactive maintenance and fault detection. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms are utilized to forecast energy demand, optimize generation schedules, and improve energy efficiency. These digital solutions not only enhance the reliability and resilience of power infrastructure but also pave the way for the emergence of smart grids capable of integrating diverse energy resources and accommodating dynamic demand patterns

2025, PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY

In this paper, an analysis of electrical parameters of a 2036 m ESP three-phase power cable and round profile has been carried out. This analysis will provide subsidies to electrically model the channel through which the data will be transmitted from downhole to the surface. A printed circuit board was developed through the correct grouping of passive electronic components to represent the same impedance and phase behavior of the measured ESP power cable for a frequency range from 20 Hz to 200 kHz. Streszczenie. W artykule nalizowany jest system komunikacji w zanurzeniowej pompie zasilanej napieciem trójfazowy za pośrednictwem kabla. Ten sam kabel jest też wykorzystywany do przesyłania sygnałów z czujników. Model elektryczny pompy zanurzeniowej w której kabel zasilający wykorzystywany jest do komunikacji.

2025

The aim of intelligent transport system (ITS) is to enhance the urban mobility in relation to safety, usability, mobility, quality and productivity through the use of information and communication technology (ICT), and one of the main problems is to ensure that the elements of ITS such as cars, buses sensors, actuators, traffic lights, among others are exchanging data with each other, due to the size of this environment, the communication infrastructure between transport management system (TMS) and ITS elements and between ITS elements are extremely important In this context, this paper proposes the use of communication technologies considered for the smart grid, that is the Power Line Communication (PLC) system which consists of data communication through the grid which is available in large urban centers, and may even share with the existing network of smart grid. Key-Words: ITS, Smart Grid, Infrastructure, PLC, Sensors Network, Transport Management System

2025, ISPLC2010

We propose using Power Line Communication (PLC) as a second channel for data origin authentication, and we present a system architecture and protocol for doing so taking advantage of existing infrastructure for communicating over power lines. Our system connects a user's computer to a secure electric meter in his building via a secure Human Authorization Detector (HAD). The electric meter, which has a unique secret identifier and encryption key, communicates securely with the trusted Power Grid Server (PG) through PLC. Upon request from an Internet Application Server (AS), the user sends a location certificate to the AS, obtained via PLC from the PG and signed by the PG. Because PLC requires physical access to the electric meter, our system offers fine-grain location authentication. Unlike movable modems and dongles, the meter is permanently attached to the user's building. The user authorizes or denies certificate requests and deliveries by reading the HAD's display and pushing a button on the HAD, thus protecting against the possible threat of malware on the user's computer maliciously requesting or forwarding location certificates unauthorized by the user. Our system provides strong location authentication useful to many online applications, such as banking and SCADA systems. PLC offers finer-grain location authentication than do cellular telephones. Furthermore, the power grid is deployed widely and is highly reliable, even in many places where cellular telephone and GPS signals are obstructed or unavailable. We present our architecture and Power line Location Authentication Protocol (PLAP) in sufficient detail to permit further implementation and analysis.

2025, The XXI International Conference on Electromagnetic Disturbances EMD

The distribution of electric field inside of the 330 kV open-type outdoor switch-gear was investigated. Such switch-gear represent one of the main and most powerful sources of electric field within electric power systems. The method of images for analytical calculation of electric field created by wires of switch-gear was used. It was found that there are areas in the switch-gear where electric field strength exceeds the values, which was set in the European Directive 2004/40/EC as maximal allowable for the human. The strongest electric field was found to exist at the phase A and C wires. These results were confirmed by simulation using software package COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5 and through experimental measurements of the electric field strength taken at the 330 kV open-type outdoor switch-gear. Shielding represents the most practical way for reduction of the electric field strength to permissible values. For the purpose of shielding several grounded metal bars can be installed in parallel with the phase A and phase C wires above the area to be shielded. It is sufficient to have two shielding bars provided they are raised to the height of at least 2.4 m.

2025, The 6th international conference on Electrical and Control Technologies ECT

330 kV overhead power lines and open-type switch-gears represent one of the main and most powerful sources of electric field generation within electric power systems. 330 kV overhead power lines and open-type switch-gears generate intense electric fields, when they are connected into the general electric power system with industrial frequency of 50 Hz. Values of electric field magnitudes can exceed the maximum allowable values in particular areas, resulting in disturbance of electronic equipment operation and posing health hazards to people operating and carrying out maintenance thereof. Thus, the way for evaluating the generated electric field is suggested here.

2024

RESUMEN Gran parte de las Infraestructuras Avanzadas de Medición (AMI, Advanced Measurement Infrastructures), desplegadas en los sistemas de distribución de energía eléctrica para el registro de los parámetros facturables y de calidad de servicio utilizan las mismas redes de energía como medio de comunicación (PLC, Power Line Communications). Para ello, utilizan la banda de frecuencias NB-PLC (Narrowband PLC, o PLC de banda estrecha, entre 90 y 500 KHz), con esquemas de modulación tales como la Multiplexación por División de Frecuencias Ortogonales (OFDM,

2024, Proceedings of the Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference On Advance And Scientific Innovation, ICASI 2019, 18 July, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

KWh meters is a tool to measure the electric energy usage with "kilowatt hour" unit. The current KWh metersdoesn't yet have a remote monitoring feature, so the process for monitoring, reading the value of electrical energy, as well as making the termination and turning on the kWh meter is done directly to the customer's premises. Surely this will take a long time and the service becomes less satisfactory. The objective of this research is to make a model of kWh reading system (kilowatt-hours) PLN household power meter for recording of electrical energy used as well as providing information on power usage that is used in real time and accessible through communication network. kWh model reading system is designed as a tool for reading kWh postpaid electricity meter PLN households in the recording of electronic meters automatically made from a distance using the communication media. To know the incoming load through kWh Meters postpaid paired a current sensor that serves to detect electric current. Load data in the process using a microcontroller directly displayed to the LCD screen and automatically stored data into the database.

2024

The increasing complexity of automotive electronics has put considerable pressure on automotive communication networking to accommodate in-vehicle information flows. The use of power lines has been a promising alternative to in-vehicle communications because of elimination of extra data cables. In this paper, we focus on the latest HomePlug Green PHY (HPGP) which has been promoted by major automotive manufacturers for green communications with electric vehicles, and study its worst-case access delay performance in supporting delaycritical in-vehicle applications using both theoretical analysis and the simulation. Specifically, we apply Network Calculus as a deterministic modeling approach to evaluate the worst delay and further verify its performance using the OMNeT++ simulation. Evaluation results are also supplemented to compare with legacy methods and provide useful guidelines for developing HPGP based vehicular power line communication systems.

2024, Turbo Codes&Related Topics; 6th International ITG-Conference on Source and Channel Coding (TURBOCODING), 2006 4th International Symposium on

Iterative joint detection of random CDMA is considered in conjunction with error control coding, in particular using low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The spreading sequences are partitioned into sections, called "partitioned spreading (PS)", creating an artificial repetition code which interfaces the LDPC code with the multiple access channel. A suboptimal, but efficient cancelation processor is used at the multiple access processing node in the factor graph describing the overall system. This system is then analyzed using Gaussian density evolution and it is shown that partitioned spreading conditions the channels such that the efficiency of the code is increased substantially. A comparison between direct application of LDPC coding (without partition spreading) to a twostage decoding procedure and a full iterative decoding schedule of PS-CDMA reveals that gains of over 100% in spectral efficiencies can be achieved with regular LDPC codes.

2024

Iterative joint detection of random CDMA is considered in conjunction with error control coding, in particular using low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The spreading sequences are partitioned into sections, called "partitioned spreading (PS)", creating an artificial repetition code which interfaces the LDPC code with the multiple access channel. A suboptimal, but efficient cancelation processor is used at the multiple access processing node in the factor graph describing the overall system. This system is then analyzed using Gaussian density evolution and it is shown that partitioned spreading conditions the channels such that the efficiency of the code is increased substantially. A comparison between direct application of LDPC coding (without partition spreading) to a two- stage decoding procedure and a full iterative decoding schedule of PS-CDMA reveals that gains of over 100% in spectral efficiencies can be achieved with regular LDPC codes.

2024, EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing

Optimization of the power spectrum alleviates the crosstalk noise in digital subscriber lines (DSL) and thereby reduces their power consumption at present. In order to truly assess the DSL system power consumption, this article presents realistic line driver (LD) power consumption models. These are applicable to any DSL system and extend previous models by parameterizing various circuit-level non-idealities. Based on the model of a class-AB LD we analyze the multiuser power spectrum optimization problem and propose novel algorithms for its global or approximate solution. The thereby obtained simulation results support our claim that this problem can be simplified with negligible performance loss by neglecting the LD model. This motivates the usage of established spectral optimization algorithms, which are shown to significantly reduce the LD power consumption compared to static spectrum management.

2024, 2022 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility – EMC Europe

Power Line Communication (PLC) technologies utilize existing power cables for both power and data transmission which minimizes cost and complexity. However, recent studies show that alternative modulation schemes such as Random Pulse Width Modulation (RPWM), applied to power converter to minimize conducted emissions, have possible side effects on the PLC system. In this work, the effects of the switching frequency of randomly modulated power converter on the G3-PLC system is investigated. To this end, a range of switching frequencies from 10 kHz-100 kHz is applied to a randomly modulated DC-DC converter and its potential effect on the G3-PLC is studied. Experimental results confirmed that switching frequencies near the bandwidth of the G3-PLC caused significant disturbance and possible coexistence issue compared to the frequencies out of this range. Moreover, there is a tradeoff between Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) reduction and coexistence issue that is Random Frequency Modulation, which is very effective for EMI reduction, is found to be very disruptive for G3-PLC, compared to alternative random modulation techniques like Random Pulse Position Modulation.

2024

Wireless sensor networks for building automation and energy management has made great progress in recent years, but the inherent indoor radio range limitations can make communication unpredictable and system deployments difficult.... more

2024, Energies

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

2024, The International Arab Journal of Information Technology

The paper discusses the issue of creating a secure environment for information transmission in an association dependent on Noticeable Light Correspondence (VLC) innovation utilizing a Power Line Correspondence (PLC) modem. Throughout the examination, an investigation of homegrown and unfamiliar writing and patent documentation was done, which affirmed the significance of this point and the need to improve and adjust the innovation for homegrown associations, the conceivably better security of the framework from unapproved admittance to information was validated in correlation with wired and Wi-Fi organizations., which executes information transmission dependent on VLC innovation, utilizing Light-Emitting Diode (LED). Lighting sources as transmitters of the correspondence framework, with the coordination of the PLC interface. The utilization of the PLC interface makes it conceivable to improve on the establishment and execution of the VLC communicating modules since the data signal i...