Prairie Dogs Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Rangelands

Maintaining cattle and prairie dogs on rangelands is important ecologically, economically, and culturally. However, competition between these species, both actual and perceived, has led to conflict. • We explored the effects of short-term (2-year) cattle exclusion on plant communities both on and off prairie dog towns and among three common ecological sites. • Plant communities were different between on-town and off-town plots and among ecological sites but were similar between cattle-excluded and nonexcluded plots. • Plant community composition did not differ between rangeland targeted for moderate forage utilization and that in which cattle had been excluded for 2 years.

2024, Vaccine

Management of prairie dogs in the past has included poisoning, fumigants, barriers, and relocation. Because of the diverse attitudes related to prairie dog management, nonlethal methods that allow the existence of prairie dogs but help minimize damage related to population growth need to be developed. GonaCon TM is an immunocontraceptive vaccine that elicits antibodies to native GnRH; this prevents the secretion of reproductive hormones necessary for sperm and oocyte production. Prairie dogs were vaccinated with 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mL of the GonaCon TM emulsion intramuscularly in the upper thigh containing 100, 200, or 400 g GnRH conjugate, respectively. Control animals were vaccinated with 0.4 mL saline emulsion in the upper thigh. Blood samples (≤1 mL) were taken from the femoral vein once pretreatment and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 15 months post-vaccination. Age (adult or juvenile) did not affect immune response to GonaCon TM. Antibody titers were higher in the 200 and 400 L GonaCon TM groups than in the 100 L group, and there was no difference between the 200 and 400 L GonaCon TM groups. No adverse effects of GonaCon TM were noted on weight or blood chemistry parameters during the study. GonaCon TM will likely contracept prairie dogs for ≥1 year in the field using either 200 or 400 g conjugate. GonaCon TM could be incorporated into management plans to help maintain prairie dog populations while reducing habitat degradation due to overpopulation.

2024, Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing

2024, Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing

2023, Environment and Society

Flagship species, common components of conservation programs, are frequently implicated in social confl icts. Th is article examines the multiple roles of fl agships in confl icts including their part in human-wildlife confl icts and as symbols of broader sociopolitical disputes. Th e article shows that the relationship between the co-occurrence of confl ict and fl agship species, while complex, illuminates important patterns and lessons that require further attention. Th e article focuses on the most iconic fl agships globally and discusses why they are commonly shrouded in controversy in which their meaning, value, and place are contested. It argues that the process of socially constructing animals as iconic symbols oft en entangles them in confl ict, and saturates them with confl ict agency. Th e article recommends that any program that involves the deployment of fl agships should institutionalize analyses of their symbolic meaning as an essential confl ict-management approach.

2023, Insights in Veterinary Science

Background: The acaricidal action of Ozonized sunflower oil (OSO) has demonstrated in different clinical cases of different animal species, such as psoroptic rabbits and pig sarcoptic scabies and recently in demodesic goat. Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of OSO as treatment for generalized demodicosis mange in dogs. Animals: Twenty dogs of different breeds, between six months and one year of age with generalized demodicosic mange that attended to Veterinary Clinic “José Luis Callejas” Havana, Cuba, during the year 2015, were included in the study. Methods: The demodicosis diagnostic was based on its clinical history, the mite’s presence by deep scraping and clinical signs. All cases had a history of receiving before conventional treatments without solution. OSO treatment was topically applied daily, every 12 hours, after shaving all affected areas. Monitoring of clinical signs, mite counting on scaling, pruritus and capillary regrowth (7, 14, 28, 56 and 84 days) ...

2023, Journal of Parasitic Diseases

A total of six laboratory animals (four rats and two guinea pigs) from ''Laboratory Animal Unit, (Govt. Medical College) Patiala'' were presented to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital, GADVASU with the history of severe itching, alopecia, erythema, hyperkeratotic skin lesions involving face, head, ears, dorsal body and paws since last 1 month. The other animals of the unit (50 rats and 40 guinea pigs) were reported to have similar lesions. Skin scraping examination from the infested rats and guinea pigs revealed Notoedres spp. mite. The animals were treated with conjunctive drug therapy consisting of ivermectin, enrofloxacin and multivitamins. The treatment resulted in marked clinical improvement on day seven post-treatment and complete healing, with disappearance of crusts and scabs leading to normal skin, was recorded by day 25 post-treatment.

2023, Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference

The Black-footed Ferret Recovery Implementation Team Executive Committee is conducting a project to develop, and (hopefully) eventually implement, a plague vaccination program for prairie dogs. The project is a component of the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Grasslands Conservation Initiative. An effective, field-worthy vaccine against plague could be the biggest breakthrough in recovery efforts for the black-footed ferret since the 1981 rediscovery of wild ferrets near Meeteetse, Wyoming. If proven efficacious, the vaccine could help agencies and stakeholder cooperators maintain specific populations of prairie dogs at robust levels, thus enhancing range-wide conservation of those species, as well recovery of the ferret, while enabling control of other prairie dog populations to resolve site-specific agricultural and human health concerns. The results of laboratory and field-testing in the early stages of developing this vaccine are preliminary but mostly encouraging. A plan for broad-scale application is being developed for possible use when testing has been completed and (if warranted) the vaccine is registered for governmental use. An overview of all aspects of the project is discussed.

2023, PLOS ONE

The widespread encroachment of woody plants throughout the semi-arid grasslands in North America has largely resulted from overgrazing by domestic livestock, fire suppression, and loss of native large and small mammalian herbivores. Burrowing-herbivorous mammals, such as prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), help control shrub encroachment through clipping of shrubs and consumption of their seedlings, but little is known about how this important ecological role interacts with and may be influenced by co-existing large herbivores, especially domestic livestock. Here, we established a long-term manipulative experiment using a 2 × 2 factorial design to assess the independent and interactive effects of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and cattle (Bos taurus) on honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) abundance and structure. We found that, after five years, mesquite abundance was three to five times greater in plots where prairie dogs were removed compared to plots where they occurred together or alone, respectively. While both prairie dogs and cattle reduced mesquite cover, the effect of prairie dogs on reducing mesquite abundance, cover, and height was significantly greater than that by cattle. Surprisingly, cattle grazing enhanced prairie dog abundance, which, in turn, magnified the effects of prairie dogs on mesquite shrubs. Mesquite canopy cover per hectare was three to five times greater where prairie dogs and cattle were absent compared to where they occurred together or by themselves; whereas, cumulative mesquite height was two times lower on sites where prairie dog and cattle occurred together compared to where they occurred alone or where neither occurred. Data from our experimental study demonstrate that prairie dogs and moderate grazing by cattle can suppress mesquite growth, and, when their populations are properly managed, they may interact synergistically to significantly limit mesquite encroachment in desert grasslands.

2023, PLOS ONE

Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) have been eliminated from over 95% of their historic range in large part from direct eradication campaigns to reduce their purported competition with cattle for forage. Despite the longstanding importance of this issue to grassland management and conservation, the ecological interactions between cattle and prairie dogs have not been well examined. We address this issue through two complementary experiments to determine if cattle and prairie dogs form a mutualistic grazing association similar to that between prairie dogs and American bison. Our experimental results show that cattle preferentially graze along prairie dog colony edges and use their colony centers for resting, resembling the mutualistic relationship prairie dogs have with American bison. Our results also show that prairie dog colonies are not only an important component of the grassland mosaic for maintaining biodiversity, but also provide benefits to cattle, thereby challenging the longstanding view of prairie dogs as an undesirable pest species in grasslands.

2023, In vivo (Athens, Greece)

To describe our experience with lateral approach for excision of maxillary pseudo-odontomas and to illustrate surgical outcomes and postoperative complications in seven pet prairie dogs. Excision of 11 maxillary pseudo-odontomas was performed in seven prairie dogs with a lateral approach technique and clinical presentation, duration of surgery, time and type of post-surgical complications, presence or absence of symptom recurrence, time to follow-up, overall survival time and causes of death of each case were recorded. Duration of surgery, postoperative hospitalization and time to autonomous feeding were 54.8 min, 58 h and 1 day, respectively. Recurrence of respiratory symptoms was observed in four cases. Mean follow-up time was 632 days. Six out of seven cases were still alive at the end of the study. The lateral approach to excision showed good and promising results for treatment of maxillary pseudo-odontomas in prairie dogs.

2023, Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

Two adult sibling red-handed tamarins ( Saguinus midas) presented with weight loss and multifocal skin masses. A skin biopsy revealed pyogranulomatous dermatitis with intrafollicular Demodex sp. mites. Subsequent skin scrapes confirmed the presence of live mites within lesions. Initial treatment with topical and oral ivermectin was unsuccessful, and lesions continued to progress. A single dose of fluralaner (Bravecto®, Merck Animal Health, Kenilworth, New Jersey, 07033, USA; 28.125 mg po) was administered to each animal approximately 5 mo after initial presentation. Lesions resolved over the next 3 mo, and all follow-up skin scrapes were negative for both animals. No adverse effects were noted. A single oral administration of fluralaner at 30-35 mg/kg appears adequate and safe for the treatment of generalized demodicosis in red-handed tamarins.

2023, Rangeland Ecology & Management

Prairie dogs can reduce the carrying capacity on rangelands by up to 50% through direct consumption of vegetation and by clipping plants to improve predator detection. Studies have shown that forage quality and digestibility are greater on prairie dog towns than off-town, however research is lacking that quantifies rates of forage and nutrition intake by cattle grazing pastures occupied by prairie dogs. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate relationships between on-and off-town plant communities and cattle grazing locations to identify trends in livestock grazing behavior throughout the growing season, 2) evaluate diet nutrient composition and intake by cattle on plant communities on-and off-town over the grazing season, and 3) study livestock performance in response to level of prairie dog occupation within the pastures. Study Description In 2012-2016, a study was conducted in northcentral South Dakota to evaluate livestock grazing behavior, diet quality, and forage intake on three plant communities in pastures occupied by prairie dogs. Plant communities studied were grass-dominated on-town sites (PDG), forbdominated on-town sites (PDF), and grass dominated off-town sites (NPD). Three pastures with varying levels of prairie dog occupation (0%, 20%, and 40%) were studied. Pasture stocking rates were adjusted to account for the level of forage removed by prairie dogs (50% of on-town forage removed). Each pasture was grazed by a separate herd of yearling steers, a random subset of which were fitted with GPS collars equipped with motion sensors to determine graze locations. Daily time spent grazing was estimated for each plant community and averaged by month for each pasture. Forage quality and intake were estimated using ruminally-fistulated steers that were allowed to graze in 30 minute increments in temporary exclosures within each plant community and pasture for June, July, and August of each year. Rumen diet samples were weighed and analyzed for OM, CP, NDF, and ADL. Intake was calculated as the rate of OM per minute and multiplied by average monthly grazing time based on GPS collar data. Take home points Livestock grazing preference decreased linearly on grass dominant sites on-town and increased linearly for off-town sites through the growing season. CP content was significantly higher (P = 0.002) on the PDF sites versus the PDG and NPD sites, however, few other differences in forage quality were evident between spatially dominant PDG and NPD communities. OM intake rates

2022, In vivo (Athens, Greece)

2022

Although they were historically described in 1842 as an obligate parasite of the pilosebaceous glands of humans, we consider the demodex canis, d. injai, and d. cornei to be part of the normal canine skin microbiome. Mites are transferred via maternal contact very early in life to the offspring, as offspring born via cesarean and kept isolated will have no demodex mites and the mite is not considered contagious. The different canine demodex mites are closely related, with no known cross-species zoonotic risk, but are, according to newer publications, genetically different. The full phylogenetic classification continues to evolve.

2022

Bromadiolone is a second generation anticoagulant that is currently registered as a toxicant controlling commensal rodents. This laboratory study was conducted to provide us with preliminary information on the effectiveness and secondary hazards of bromadiolone as a prairie dog (Cynomys spp.) toxicant. We planned to use this information to decide on the appropriateness of pursuing field research projects using this compound. For an overview on bromadio-lone, see Poche (1986). This was the second laboratory study we conducted on alternative prairie dog toxicants. The first, on chlorophacinone, was reported earlier (Fisher and Timm 1988). Our desire was not to directly com-pare the effectiveness of bromadiolone to chlorophacinone, but to determine if we could find a safe and effective bait formula-tion that could be tested later in the field.

2022, PLOS ONE

2022, Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference

Black-tailed prairie dogs' feeding and burrowing behavior is a significant economic nuisance to agricultural producers. We tested the Rodenator™ on two portions of an isolated prairie dog town in Lewis and Clark County, Montana to determine how effective it was in reducing prairie dog numbers. Though other studies have been done using propane-oxygen devices, our study employed updated application techniques and an aggressive hole closing procedure to reduce the likelihood of false failures. In the southern area, we treated 53 burrows for 30 seconds with oxygen set at 40 psi and propane at 45 psi. In the northern area, we treated 120 burrows with an injection time of 45 seconds using the same oxygen and propane psi rates. Using the open burrow method for determining efficacy, our results were 58.7% for the southern area and 65% for the northern. Our study revealed that future studies should incorporate population surveys and appropriate control plots to determine the true efficacy of the Rodenator™, and we provide suggestions to improve overall method efficiency.

2022, Medycyna Weterynaryjna

Mites from the genus Demodex are ectoparasites of many mammals, including humans. There are over 100 Demodex species, which demonstrate strong specificity in host selection [Table 1]. The mites are common in humans. It has been estimated that up to 60% of adults may be infected, but in most cases no symptoms of the disease are present. Demodex multiplication inside sebaceous glands and hair follicles can lead to skin disease in both humans and animals. In humans, the main problem is ocular demodecosis, which can cause chronic conjunctivitis and blepharitis. In this paper, we present the biology and epidemiology of Demodex species in humans as well as in domestic and farm animals. Characteristic lesions, diagnostics and treatment of demodecosis are also described

2022, Comparative medicine

Demodex musculi, a prostigmatid mite that has been reported infrequently in laboratory mice, has been identified with increasing frequency in contemporary colonies of immunodeficient mice. Here we describe 2 episodes of D. musculi infestation with associated clinical signs in various genetically engineered mouse strains, as well as treatment strategies and an investigation into transmissibility and host susceptibility. The first case involved D. musculi associated with clinical signs and pathologic lesions in BALB/c-Tg(DO11.10)Il13(tm) mice, which have a defect in type 2 helper T cell (Th2) immunity. Subsequent investigation revealed mite transmission to both parental strains (BALB/c-Tg[DO11.10] and BALB/c-Il13(tm)), BALB/c-Il13/Il4(tm), and wild-type BALB/c. All Tg(DO11.10)Il13(tm) mice remained infested throughout the investigation, and D. musculi were recovered from all strains when they were cohoused with BALB/c-Tg(DO11.10)Il13(tm) index mice. However, only Il13(tm) and Il13/Il4...

2022, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

A two year old male Golden (Syrian) hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) was presented with a history of alopecia on the dorso-lumbosacral area and on the back, lethargy, anorexia and severe pruritus. Microscopic examination of skin scraping revealed mites identified as Demodex criceti and Demodex aurati. Initial therapy included ivermectin and H-vitamin, neverthless the present case was dead four days after admission. To the present authors' knowledge this is the first reported case describing the mix demodectic infestation by Demodex criceti and Demodex aurati, in Syrian hamster in Turkey.

2022, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

One female and two male 4-mo-old, sibling rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) presented with severe generalized dermatitis characterized by nonpruritic, nonalopecic, mildly encrusted, focally ulcerated pustular nodules. The dorsum, limbs, and dorsal cranium were most severely affected. Skin scrapings, histopathology, and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of various life stages of a novel Demodex sp. As a result of the generalized nature of infestation, treatment began with ivermectin and then changed to doramectin, at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg s.c. every 7 days. Weekly skin scrapings and intermittent blood work, including serum protein electrophoresis, were used to evaluate treatment response. Complete resolution, as determined by two consecutive negative skin scrapings, was noted in all three hyraxes within 10-14 wk.

2022, revistalatinacs.org

This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, clinical examination and therapeutic management of canine demodicosis cases presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical complex of CSKHPKV, Palampur. A total of seventy dogs (male-fifty-five and female fifteen) having dermatitis were examined and twenty-two cases (31.42%) were found positive for demodicosis. The prevalence of demodicosis was found higher in the dogs of 0-1 years of age (36.36%) than in the dogs of 1-3 years of age (31.81%). Infestation of Demodex was significantly (p<0.05) higher in male (81.82%) than female (18.18%) dogs. Grossly, alopecia, corrugation of skin, crusts and pruritus were found. Out of twentytwo, fifteen dogs were found affected with generalized demodicosis and haematological examination from these dogs revealed significant reduction in total erythrocyte count (5.04±0.11 × 10 6 /mm 3 ) and haemoglobin level (10.85±0.33g/dl). Affected dogs also showed leukocytosis (15.31±1.92 x10 3 /mm 3 ) accompanied by neutrophilia (71.80±0.54 x 10 3 /mm 3 ), eosinophilia (2.38±0.29 x 10 3 /mm 3 ) and lymphopenia (23.60±0.65 x 10 3 /mm 3 ). The dogs were treated with ivermectin, amitraz, antibiotic, benzyl peroxide shampoo, along with supportive therapy, and showed recovery after treatment. Out of twenty-two cases, fifteen cases responded, and their skin scrapings were found negative for Demodex spp. after three weeks of treatment. The results indicated that companion animals in and around the Palampur area are very much susceptible to Demodex spp. infestation.

2022, Deciding What to Save

2022, Journal of wildlife diseases

Technology and infrastructure costs can limit access to oral vaccination tools for wildlife disease control. We describe vaccine bait mass manufacturing employing off-the-shelf technologies. Our approach has helped advance scaling-up of plague vaccination campaigns, but components of this production system could be translated into other wildlife vaccination applications.

2022

Author(s): Hygnstrom, Scott E.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Ekstein, Jason D. | Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has produced nearly 600,000 ha of exceptional wildlife habitat in Nebraska. Unfortunately, several species of rodents that inhabit CRP grass fields cause damage to agricultural crops. The emergence of corn seedlings in a 4-row strip of no-till field corn, planted in a 64 ha bromegrass field in northeastern Nebraska was examined. The most common rodent species in the study area was the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), of which 18 were captured within 10 m of the planted strip during one evening (400 trap nights). Corn seedling emergence in unprotected control areas [mean = 19.2 plants/dekameter of row (dor)] appeared to be lower than in areas protected with welded wire exclosures (mean = 23.7 plants/dor). An in-furrow application of 2% zinc phosphide pellets (2.75 kg/ha) also contributed to an increase in emergence (mean = 21.9 plants/dor). Differences among ...

2022, Conservation Letters

Flagship species are frequently used by conservation practitioners to raise funds and awareness for reducing biodiversity loss. However, uncertainty remains in the academic literature about the purpose of flagship species and little research has been conducted on improving the effectiveness of these campaigns. To reduce this problem, here, we suggest a new definition that further emphasizes their marketing role and propose an interdisciplinary framework to improve flagship identification, based on methodologies from social marketing, environmental economics, and conservation biology. This framework emphasizes that conservationists should specify the purpose of a campaign before working with the potential target audience to identify the most suitable species, and should monitor the success of their campaigns and feed this back into the marketing process. We then discuss the role of return on investment analyses to determine when funds are best spent on high-profile flagships and when...

2021

Current conservation biology often appeals to abstract concepts and models in order to embrace a wide reality with practical methods. Among these tools, there are different types of "focal" (or "surrogate") species, like flagships, keystones, umbrellas or indicators, which all stand for a wider portion of biodiversity for different usages. These benchmarks are sometimes accused of being only "buzzwords" with few actual meaning or relevance, and are the subject of intense debate among conservationists. One of these terms, "charismatic species", seems less debated, while it is widely used and does not seem to bear an obvious meaning. The purpose of this article is to draw a portrait of the use of this term in the conservation literature, and to sum up the debates it provokes and the problems it poses. We highlight that even if the actual signification of this concept lacks a consensus definition, the reality it indicates does exist and may have an underrated importance in biodiversity conservation.

2021, Annals of parasitology

Demodex ratticola was recorded in the brown rat Rattus norvegicus from northern Poland. It is a skin mite specific to this host, previously recorded only in the Czech Republic. D. ratticola was found at a prevalence 65.0% and mean intensity 12.7 in skin samples taken from the regions of lips, nose and chin. Furthermore, three other species from the family of Demodecidae were recorded, including Demodex nanus found in skin samples from different parts of the body and characterised by the highest parameters of infestation (100.0%, 25.2), D. ratti (50.0%, 3.3) found in the head skin and D. norvegicus (30.0%, 3.5) found in the genital and anal regions. The identified demodectic mites did not cause any pathological symptoms in rats.

2021, Diversity

Demodecidae are the most specialized parasitic mites of mammals; they typically inhabit the skin, but they have been found in other tissues and organs. They can cause demodecosis (a disease which is hazardous and difficult to cure) in humans, domestic animals and livestock. They are parasites with high host and topical specificity. They have been found for most orders of mammals, and they are common in the populations of numerous host species. Therefore, they not only constitute an important subject of veterinary and medical study, but also comprise an excellent model for faunistic and parasitological analyses concerning different aspects of functioning and evolution of the host–parasite relationship. The current level or knowledge of demodecid mites is irregular and fragmentary, and numerous questions require elaboration and ordering, from the taxonomic diversity to geographic distribution and relations with hosts. Such data may be of use i.a. for the development of more efficient ...

2021

One of the least researched groups of parasitic arthropods in the brown rat Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) are skin mites from the family of Sarcoptidae. Specimens representing two species of sarcoptic mites were found in 30 examined rats from northern Poland: Notoedres muris Megnin, 1877 and Trixacarus diversus Sellnick, 1944. The total prevalence and mean intensity of infestation were 13.3% and 3.3, respectively. At the same time, the list of sarcoptic mites occurring in Poland was completed with a new genus and new species-T. diversus.

2021

A 4 year old Great Dane was presented to the Small Animal Clinic with a history of chronic swelling of all the paws. This animal had been treated for over 3 months but the condition was progressively worsening. Clinical examination revealed all vital parameters were within normal ranges. There was gross swelling of all the paws. the skin was erythematous, hyperpigmented and hyperkeratotic. There was also diffuse purulent discharge from parts of the paws. Skin scrapings were positive for Demodectic mange. Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus sensitive to Gentamicin and Norfloxacin were isolated from swabs taken for culture and sensitivity. This report describes the case and the management of pododermatitis due to Demodicosis complicated with bacterial infection and emphasizes on the need for definitive diagnosis of such cases before any treatment is instituted. Keywords-Pododermatitis, demodicosis , management

2021, Http Dx Doi Org 10 3398 064 072 0205

2021, Journal of Small Animal Practice

This series of three papers describes a straight forward, systematic approach to the investigation of canine pruritus. Those dermatoses which regularly present with this symptom are discussed, with emphasis being placed on clinical signs, diagnosis and differential diagnosis. This second paper details the parasitic infestations and bacterial and clinically similar conditions which may result in pruritus.

2021, Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine

Skin diseases occurring in pet rabbits and rodents are described, along with methods of diagnosis and treatment. Rabbits, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, and gerbils are discussed.

2021, Veterinary Record

Canine generalised demodicosis (CGD) is a challenging disease to treat effectively. Inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) could help to accelerate treatment with acaricidial therapy by altering the immune response. This study was designed to investigate the effects of treating CGD with amitraz plus iPPVO in terms of clinical outcomes and blood parameters. The study involved 16 dogs ranging in age from eight months to six years and weighing between 10 and 40 kg. Eight dogs were treated with amitraz and eight with amitraz plus iPPVO. Biochemical analysis of whole blood and serum, including serum C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA), was performed. Skin scrapings were conducted on days 0, 10, 40, 80 and 120 of treatment, and mite numbers were recorded. Clinical remission was determined according to mite numbers and clinical scores. The difference in mean whole remission days between the amitraz group (104.3 days) and the amitraz+iPPVO group (84.5 days) was statistically significant (P<0.05). Mean clinical scores were also significantly better in the amitraz+iPPVO (5.60) group when compared with the amitraz group (7.65). No adverse reactions were observed in either group. In view of these findings, the use of iPPVO in conjunction with amitraz can be recommended for treating CGD.

2021, Veterinary Parasitology

A novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone plus amitraz (ProMeris 1 /ProMeris Duo 1 for Dogs, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS) was evaluated for efficacy against demodectic mange mites in naturally infested dogs. Sixteen dogs were allocated to two equal groups and individually housed. Eight of the dogs were treated topically with metaflumizone plus amitraz at the proposed minimum dose rate (20 mg/kg of each of metaflumizone and amitraz, 0.133 ml/kg) on Days 0, 28, and 56. The other eight were treated with metaflumizone plus amitraz at the proposed minimum dose rate on Days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70. Mite numbers were estimated from skin scrapings taken on Days À3 to À1, 28, 56, and 84. Clinical signs of mange and the extent of demodectic lesions on each dog were evaluated when skin scrapings were conducted. Efficacy of the treatment was based on a reduction in mite numbers and an assessment of the clinical signs associated with canine demodectic mange. Treatment at monthly or two-weekly intervals for 3 months resulted in a rapid reduction in mite numbers (>94 and >99% for the monthly and two-weekly treatments, respectively) and an improvement in clinical signs. Success rates, based on zero mite counts in skin scrapings at Day 84 were 42.9 and 62.5% of dogs for the monthly and two-weekly regimens, respectively.

2021

Population growth of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomvs ludovicianus) was studied in 1985 and 1986 at 20 prairie dog towns on short-and mixed-grass rangeland in western Nebraska, to determine the efficacy of 2 years deferred (May 1-Sept. 1) grazing in reducing population growth rates following population reduction. In 1985, population growth measures on deferred sites were not significantly different from grazed sites, perhaps due to drought conditions. In 1986, natality and population growth (? increase in animals) were significantly lower on deferred sites than on sites grazed by livestock. Deferred sites studied both years showed significant reductions in 1986 active area: 4 of 5 deferred sites decreased in size; 6 of 8 grazed sites increased in size. Results of this study suggest that deferred grazing may be effective in reducing reinfestation rates of prairie dogs following control, given favorable vegetative growth conditions.

2021

2021, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

2021, Tierärztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere

2021, Oryx

Mammals are the superstars of global conservation efforts, attracting more attention from the public and conservators than any other group. Charismatic mega-vertebrates like the Panda have long been used as 'flagship species' awakening generations to conservation issues. Large conservation programmes have been built around such species, however in recent years there has been a move away from species-based conservation and an increasing emphasis on community and ecosystem conservation. Given this change in emphasis how do mammalian species-based conservation efforts fit into the modern conservation environment? Has the Panda, the archetype of species-focused conservation, really had its day or can we integrate species and ecosystem conservation efforts? This is the topic that Entwistle, Dunstone and others grapple with in the latest of the conservation biology series from Cambridge University Press. The editors' stated goal is to review how we conserve mammals so that we can ultimately decide how this discipline can be developed and strengthened. This issue is highly pertinent and should be of interest to many conservation biologists as, with 25% of mammalian species facing some risk of extinction , there is significant room for improvement in mammalian conservation efforts. The fact that many mammalian species are in such poor shape, despite mammals as a group receiving a disproportionate share of the conservation pie (discussed by Leader-Williams and Dublin), suggests that our conservation efforts have been at best misdirected or at worst ineffective and this should sound a few alarm bells for all conservationists. The main problem with previous mammalian conservation efforts is that many species-based programmes, while effective in preserving that flagship species are not affording much in the way of protection to other species or to ecosystems. Something then needs to change and there is a growing appreciation that for many species, community or ecosystem conservation programmes offer the most practical conservation solution . The question then is, how do mammals fit into a community or ecosystem conservation programme? Will all mammals be afforded protection under such a regime? Is there still a place for them as conservation icons or does this role need to change?