Protocol and etiquette Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Society of Biblical Literature Global Virtual Meeting

This paper explores a methodological framework to classify implicit references to God's sense of smell in the Hebrew Bible. While explicit texts contain the verb "to smell" ‫,)ריח(‬ implicit references are analysed using two key criteria: the presence and activity of aromatic elements (e.g., incense or burnt offerings) and evidence of divine reaction or response. Texts are categorized into a typology matrix based on these criteria, distinguishing between active, passive, or inert aromatic elements and God's reactions (e.g., pleasure or displeasure) or responses (e.g., blessing or judgment).

2025, 中山大学学报

Based on documents, unearthed image materials and bamboo slips, this paper analyzes and interprets two entries about the interactions between the subordinates and the prime minister in the prime minister's office during the Former Han Dynasty in "Han Jiu Yi" written by Wei Hong in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, revealing the specific requirements of etiquettes in the daily interactions between them in addition to "documentary administration", and points out that the superior-subordinate relationship between the prime minister and the clerks in the prime minister's office is embedded in the detailed etiquette s of body, documents and words, rather than a simple command-obedience relationship. This relationship is often regarded as a "simulated monarch-subject relationship", but in fact it has subtle and critical differences from the real monarch-subject relationship. On this basis, the widespread research approach on institutional history that focuses on "rational administration" and ignores "ritual" first appeared in the Song Dynasty and then has become more prominent during modern times due to the introduction of Western social sciences should be reflected.

2025, Journal Article

The book of Haggai is among the finest examples of prophetic litera-ture where various issues concerning nature and the environment are thoroughly addressed. Ecologically sensitive interpretations of the book of Haggai are scarce, and those few that are made empha-size two primary causes for the natural disaster of that time. On the one hand, Kessler attributes ecological crisis to socio-political and economic factors, while on the other hand, Meadowcroft and Jieun suggested a close connection between natural calamity and the state of the temple. Even though these scholars established a firm ground on which other ecological readings of Haggai should build, they have not done much on the interconnectedness between ritual activi-ties and ecological well-being, which is clearly emphasized in this book. This paper revisits the ecological crisis delineated in Haggai by focusing on the function of two rituals: the ritual of offering (Hag 2:10–14) and the ritual of laying a foundation (Hag 2:15–19). Utiliz-ing an approach based on ritual studies (Ronald L. Grimes) within the framework of an ecologically sensitive reading of Haggai (Chris-topher J.H. Wright), this paper demonstrates the crucial role that rituals play in shaping the natural world. On the one hand, infelici-tous rituals of offering lead to nature’s suffering, while on the other hand, felicitous foundation-laying rituals contribute to its flourishing. While contemporary secular ecologists emphasize the importance of caring for the environment through physical actions, an eco-theological reading of Haggai suggests taking a further step: both our deeds and moral obligations to practice life-affirming rituals directly impact the natural world.

2025, Comunicazioni Sociali

This study delves into the evolution of social norms in 20th-century Italian cinema by examining etiquette manuals and books on manners published between the second half of 1920s and 1950s. It highlights how early cinema environments were lively, requiring etiquette manuals to prescribe more restrained behaviours as films became a dominant social platform. This analysis allows us to understand how these manuals not only document society's adaptation to new forms of entertainment, but also how they actively participate in the construction of a new social and aesthetic normative. By analysing these transformations through etiquette manuals, the research highlights cinema's unique role in societal development as a place for construction and negotiation of social rules and relationships.

2025

Paul Claudel - Le point de vue de Ponce Pilate

2025, Eskiyeni

Osmanlı’nın son döneminde başlayan modernleşme anlayışı Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşu sonrasında takip edilmesi zorunlu yol olarak görülmüştür. 1923 yılında kurulan CHP, 1925-1945 arası yıllarda tek başına ülke yönetimini elinde bulunduran partidir. Bir partinin ülke yönetiminde söz sahibi olması sebebiyle mezkûr yıllar arası “Tek Parti Dönemi” olarak zikredilmektedir. 1925-1945 yılları arasında modernleşme; siyasî, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomi gibi pek çok alanın içeriğinin tamamıyla Avrupalılaşmak olarak görülmüş, bu durum tek parti döneminde neşredilen yayınlara yansımıştır. Bu modernleşme anlayışının en bariz görüldüğü yayın türlerinden biri “Âdâb-ı Muâşeret”e yönelik eserlerdir. Bu eserlere nicelik açısından bakıldığında tek parti döneminde neşredilen âdâb-ı muâşeret kitaplarının son dönem Osmanlı’ya nispeten daha fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Son dönem Osmanlı’da on sekiz eser neşredilmişken, tek partili yıllarda yirmi altı kitap yayınlanmıştır. Bu araştırma kapsamında başlığında “âdâb-ı ...

2025, BMJ Open

Introduction Living with diabetes can be burdensome and lead to serious emotional distress and impaired mental health. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can support people facing the challenges of living with diabetes. This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the internet-based and mobile-based intervention (IMI) 'ACTonDiabetes' in reducing diabetes distress against enhanced treatment as usual (TAU+) following specialised diabetes care. Methods and analysis A two-armed pragmatic randomised controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the guided IMI ACTonDiabetes against TAU+. A total of 210 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and elevated diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes ≥40) will be recruited at a specialised diabetes centre. The intervention begins 2-4 weeks after hospital discharge and takes about 7-10 weeks to complete. Assessments are performed at baseline and 5 and 10 weeks as well as 6 and 12 months after randomisation. The primary outcome is diabetes distress at a 10-week follow-up (T2). Secondary outcomes are depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8), psychological well-being (WHO-5), quality of life (Assessment of Quality of Life-8 Dimension), Diabetes-related Self-Management Questionnaire, diabetes acceptance (Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire) and negative treatment effects (Inventory for the Assessment of Negative Effects of Psychotherapy). All statistical analyses will be performed based on the intention-to-treat principle with additional per-protocol analyses. Changes in outcomes will be evaluated using the general linear model. A health-economic evaluation will be conducted from a societal perspective. Reasons for dropout will be systematically investigated. Ethics and dissemination This clinical trial has been approved by the State Medical Chamber of Baden-Württemberg (file no. B-F-2019-010). Trial results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. Trial registration number DRKS00016738.

2025, Revista de Derecho Político

En esta publicación se trata de analizar la aplicabilidad del Decreto de Precedencias de 1983 creado ex profeso para la nueva estructura constitucional, aún vigente y totalmente inadecuado con la realidad institucional y política actual, de forma que debe modificarse a base de costumbre ante la falta de intencionalidad política alguna de acometer su reforma. La justificación principal del artículo la encontramos en que la aprobación de la Constitución de 1978, en la que el Estado adoptaba la forma política de una Monarquía Parlamentaria, supone además la creación de una nueva estructura entre los poderes y las instituciones a los que es preciso dotar de visibilidad por cuanto «articulan la imagen política y administrativa de la Nación». La justificación secundaria aportada será la configuración autonómica de la organización territorial del Estado. Por último, se señala la necesidad de dar prioridad en el orden ceremonial a las autoridades elegidas y de representación, frente a las autoridades de designación directa, incluyendo en la ordenación el reconocimiento a las instituciones relacionadas con el mundo de la cultura.

2025, FACE: (New) facets of a Sociopragmatic Concept, ed. by Gudrun Held, 62-86.

This paper investigates whether amour-propre “self-love” is discursively used with the meaning of “face” in nineteenth-century French etiquette books and literary texts. Although the expressions sauver/perdre la face, “save”/“lose face” – the English folk expressions that gave rise to the scientific usage of “face” – are not present in my historical sources, the analytical concept of face, face2, may have been named by a different term as a possible first-order, emic lexeme for face or face1. However, while other historical face1 lexemes have a figurative link with face2 via the metaphorical or metonymical uses of the front part of a person’s head, my pathway is conceptual in that the sources refer to amour propre as a good reason for politeness. A self-built corpus of 23 nineteenth-century French etiquette books is subjected to a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the term amour-propre, and the quantitative analysis is repeated for a large historical corpus, Frantext (French literature of the 18th-20th century). The findings show an important link with flattery: face is, pessimisticly, seen as vain, inflamed and can be exploited with flattery.

2025, KASKAL 1 Nuova Serie

The papers in this collection were first presented at a workshop entitled Hygiene in the Ancient Near East: Power, Privilege, Inequality at the 68th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale in Leiden (July 20th, 2023). The purpose of the workshop was to present the current knowledge on hygiene and cleanliness practices in the ancient Near East, with a particular focus on re-constructing the effects that these practices had at the social level. The workshop was part of the project GALATEO - Good Attitudes for Life in Assyrian Times: Etiquette and Observance of Norms in Male and Female Groups, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement No. 101027543).

2025

El volumen analiza el papel de la cortesía y la decencia y su radical declive en los países de la civilización occidental en las últimas décadas, recogiendo teorías y análisis ya establecidos. Los análisis del volumen siguen los mismos a lo largo de la historia de las civilizaciones china, japonesa e india, así como de las civilizaciones persa y árabe, recogiendo siempre las teorías y análisis ya creados. Además de los europeos, los países de estas otras civilizaciones también examinarán si el declive del papel observado en la civilización occidental en términos de reglas de cortesía y decencia desde la década de 1960 también ha tenido lugar allí. Por último, a modo de apéndice, en la etimología del término "cortesía" en diferentes regiones civilizatorias, se examinará, a partir de las teorías ya establecidas, si obtuvo su nombre de la difusión de comportamientos sofisticados en las cortes reales fuera de Europa, o si se desarrolló de manera diferente allí.

2024

Bu makalede ses bağlamında uygarlaşma sürecinin nasıl işlediği incelenmektedir. 1930'larda Türkiye'de basılmış âdâb-ı muaşeret kitaplarında bir uygarlık göstergesi olarak görülen ses kontrolü ve disiplinine yönelik öğütler incelenecektir. Öncelikle uygarlaşmanın (doğal olandan uzaklaşma, utanç eşiğinin yükselmesi ve benzeri) hangi dönüm noktalarından geçtiği ele alınır. Makalenin ana gövdesindeyse öncelikle bu kitaplarda sesin volümünü azaltmaya yönelik öğütler incelenir. Ardından sesin disipline edilmesi ile ilgili kısımlar ele alınır ve özellikle lehçeyi terbiye etmeye yönelik uyarılar gözden geçirilir. Son olarak ses disiplini meselesinde kadınların özel bir kategori olarak görüldüğü vurgulanır. Sonuç bölümünde ise, bu âdâb-ı muaşeret kitaplarında ses denetimi, garbiyatçı bir fantezi malzemesi olarak değerlendirilir.

2024, Derecho Y Cambio Social

Transición española a la democracia y la monarquía. III. La configuración constitucional de la monarquía parlamentaria española. 1. La Jefatura del Estado. 2. Las reglas de sucesión e integración. 3. El sucesor a la Corona. IV. El engranaje constitucional de la sucesión a la Corona. 1. El acto de abdicación. Naturaleza y consecuencias. 2. Recientes y homologables precedentes de abdicación. El marco comparado. V. La Ley Orgánica de abdicación. VI. El alcance del acto parlamentario de abdicación. VI. La conveniencia de una Ley general sobre la Corona. 1. La inviolabilidad y el fuero del exmonarca. 2. Las reglas de la sucesión. 3. La posición del Jefe del Gobierno. 4. El mando supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas. Bibliografía y Webgrafía.

2024, Archimaera-11 Angemessenheit (Decorum)

In late Ottoman women's media, performing decorum represented a symbolic struggle over respectability as manifested tacitly in luxury display via goods, décor and interior configurations in private dwellings. While these distinctions provided upper-class women with a public status within their social circles, they also entailed outsourcing domestic labor and concealing the laborers' presence from the public's gaze. The status hierarchy embedded in decorum was discernible in the architectural fragments: the qualities of the ostentatious salon and dining room, which reflected the prestige of the housewife, contrasted and overshadowed the rear rooms and internal divisions reserved for the housemaids. This essay exposes intra-household tensions reflected in domestic arrangements by concentrating on etiquette manuals (Ottoman: adab literature) addressing women— in women's periodicals, home economics, and etiquette books — along with plans and photographs from the early twentieth century. Its objective is to extrapolate from this historical moment and interpret decorum as a social contract whose norms become contested and whose meaning becomes variable for actors of different classes and genders.

2024

The study of Spanish dress and fashion in the early modern period has generated exciting, innovative, and interdisciplinary scholarship in the past several years, and complements recent work devoted to historical dress, fashion, and textiles from distinct geographical locations and time periods. From scholarly articles produced by specialized journals, such as Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body and Culture, Material Culture Review, and Dress: The Journal of the Costume Society of America and the comprehensive coverage of the history of dress in anthologies, including The Fashion Reader (now in its second edition) to exhibitions on historic and contemporary clothing and design, the history of fashion has received substantial scrutiny by an increasing number of researchers. Colomer’s and Descalzo’s two-volume anthology participates in this scholarly trend that lends critical attention to the consideration of fashion, textiles, and costume.

2024

Respect local customs and traditions, especially in places of worship. Dress modestly. Cover shoulders and knees required at temples and the palace. Leave footwear outside the temples. Don't point feet towards statues and shrines. Local Food Prioritize trying regional dishes; support local eateries. Avoid food in temples. Food Hygiene Ensure food is cooked thoroughly; avoid street food if hygiene is questionable. Safety Stay aware of surroundings; keep valuables secure and avoid isolated areas. Travel at least in pairs. Stay on marked paths. Behavior Respect cultures and nature. Maintain respectful behavior in religious and cultural sites as well as in public spaces and when interacting with locals. Be quiet in temples. Respect indigenous customs. Don't disrupt wildlife. Waste Management Follow "Leave No Trace" principles; dispose of waste properly and recycle when possible. If no waste bins are available, bring back your rubbish. Clothing Wear weather-appropriate clothing; consider layers for changing conditions, especially in parks and open spaces. Shoes Use sturdy, comfortable footwear suitable for walking and wet conditions. Time Management Keep track of our "group chat" group. Plan your itinerary carefully to maximize exploration time; account for travel delays. Rain Gear Bring waterproof clothing and gear, especially during rainy seasons. Emergency Contacts Keep track of our "group chat" group. Have local emergency numbers saved; know the location of the nearest medical facilities.

2024, Revue Ingénierie Culturelle

This article presents and describes the different places and spaces in the
Songhoy Empire where the imagination of monarchical power is expressed, where it is exercised and staged. For each of them, it points out their historical evolution, their geographical location and the functions they perform in the tradition that celebrates the body of the prince and the office he occupies.

2024, Lɔŋgbowu, Revue des Lettres, Langues et Sciences de l ’Homme et de la Société

This article analyses the powers, role and responsibilities of the Wandu
in the functional organisation of the medieval songhay state. It first defines the institutional field in which this royal servant exercises his profession, and then presents the different functions he occupied in the political and administrative structure of the kingdom or empire. Finally, it sets out the conditions and skills required by songhay customary practices to be appointed to the office.

2024, Cevro, MPA Thesis, Zuzana WRANA

The thesis deals with cultural and religious rules in two selected Asian locations, namely Japan and Saudi Arabia. The main aim of the thesis is to provide an insight into the cultural and religious customs of the countries and to... more

2024, STORIA, ANTROPOLOGIA E SCIENZE DEL LINGUAGGIO / Anno XXXIX – fascicolo 1

This paper explores the evolution of the concept of the "gentleman" within
the framework of gender identity. By analyzing historical etiquette manuals, contemporary sociological studies, and perspectives from women's writings, it examines how societal expectations and performative behaviors have shaped the masculine ideal between the late 19th century and the 1970s, highlighting the influence of cultural shifts and evolving gender norms.

2024, Galatei e Buone Maniere Quaderno di studi

2024, Henoch

This paper re-constructs the ways that divine statues were worshipped in ancient Assyria, by analyzing the protocols and etiquette that were adhered to by worshippers during their encounter with the divine. Textual and archaeological evidence does not offer exhaustive descriptions in this respect, but a polyphonic reading of these sources helps the modern scholar to explore the protocols that were followed and the gestures that were performed by the suppliant. It is concluded that the essence of divine statues, as well as the emotions experienced by the suppliant, produced those worshipping acts that today we may refer to as “etiquette”.

2024, Gender R-Evolutions: immaginare l’inevitabile, sovvertire l’impossibile

I manuali di galateo, la trattatistica delle buone maniere e le rubriche di costume rappresentano ad
oggi una fonte poco indagata per l’analisi della società e della cristallizzazione normativa del suo ideale
organizzativo. In realtà questo genere, a torto ritenuto minore, offre un’importante chiave di lettura dei
cambiamenti culturali che caratterizzano la nostra storia più recente, soprattutto dal punto di vista del
genere e della relativa stereotipizzazione dei ruoli sociali.
Norme e precetti comportamentali trasmessi ai giovani attraverso i galatei, dalla fine dell’Ottocento in
avanti e in particolare nel periodo fascista, contribuiscono infatti alla polarizzazione dei ruoli di genere,
declinando l’ideale maschile e femminile per eccellenza e, contemporaneamente, tagliando fuori quel
che appare eccentrico rispetto alla normatività imposta dalla società. La dimensione educativa di
ciò che è altro dal binomio maschile-femminile, sottratta ai manuali di galateo, ricompare però in
altri contesti e in altre forme già a partire dagli anni Settanta, quando le piccole poste ospitate nelle
riviste settimanali, sotto la spinta della nuova sensibilità portata dai movimenti di liberazione sessuale,
iniziano a trattare anche temi più attuali, aprendo la strada al discorso LGBTQIA+ sui galatei. In
quegli stessi anni, nel mondo, vengono pubblicati numerosi manuali di galateo LGBTQIA+, anche in
Italia. È del 1985 il testo Bon Ton – manuale pratico di buone e gaie maniere di Max Marra illustrato
da Marco Silombra, che viene fornito in dono ai lettori della rivista Babilonia. A questo seguiranno il
“Gentilomo” di Aldo Busi, i libri di Giovanni dall’Orto. Resta, però, una netta distinzione tra galatei
LGBTQIA+ e galatei “tradizionali”.
L’intervento proposto vuole esplorare l’evoluzione della sensibilità sociale sulle tematiche LGBTQIA+
a partire dall’analisi della manualistica del galateo proponendo spunti di riflessione per nuovi scenari
di normazione sociale e relazionale, in cui i galatei, alla luce di studi sociologici, linguistici e mediali,
possano configurarsi come strumento di inclusione ed educazione all’accoglienza per superare
pregiudizi e stereotipi che ancora caratterizzano la società odierna.

2024, BMJ Open

IntroductionDifficulties in emotional regulation are key to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Recent evidence shows internet-delivered dialectic behaviour therapy (iDBT) skills training can reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity. However, further studies are needed to provide more definitive evidence regarding the efficacy of iDBT skills training in the chronic pain population.Methods and analysisA single-case experimental design (SCED) with multiple baselines will be used to examine the efficacy of a 4-week iDBT-Pain skills training intervention (iDBT-Pain intervention) to reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity in individuals with chronic pain. The iDBT-Pain intervention encompasses two components: (1) iDBT-Pain skills training sessions (iDBT-Pain sessions) and (2) the iDBT-Pain skills training web application (iDBT-Pain app). Three individuals with chronic pain will be recruited and randomly allocated to different baseline phases (5, 9 or 12 da...

2024, Majestad y espacios de poder. La representación de las élites en la Edad Moderna, ss. XVI - XVIII

La hegemonía cromática en relación con la vestimenta negra se hizo notar en los retratos de toda la familia Habsburgo, pero muy especialmente en la figura y corte de Felipe II, porque con ella proyecta una serie de acontecimientos que marcan su reinado y los sucesivos y que encontrarán en las prendas negras una fórmula de combate propagandístico idónea para sustentar los intereses de la corona. Esta utilización intencionada del color negro no sólo es reflejo de la influencia borgoñona empleada estratégicamente por la familia Habsburgo, ni se limita a hacer patentes los valores de austeridad, dignidad e integridad contrarreformistas en un momento en el que el cisma religioso hace tambalear los pilares religiosos del continente. Por emulación de la corona, el negro intenso también se constituirá como dispositivo para la estratificación social que venía ejerciéndose en los términos a través de la indumentaria desde los inicios de la Modernidad y que en este momento utilizará el coste de produción del nuevo negro como elemento de corte y separación. Esto es así porque la tintura negra, que ya era difícil de conseguir en condiciones antes del descubrimiento del palo de Campeche, se vuelve, con éste, una materia prima solo al alcance la nobleza y la burguesía más pujante. Ello explicará, a su vez, la creación de nuevos mercados y toda una geopolítica de las Américas en relación a su extracción, transporte, comercio y consumo, con no pocos conflictos.

2024, This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101027543

Meeting etiquette refers to codes of behavior and protocol rules an individual (or groups of individuals) ought to follow while attending a meeting with a peer or an authority, either human or divine. The purpose of the conference is to create a conversation about the development of the “meeting etiquette” in the Middle East. The objectives of the conference are to share examples of meeting etiquette from different regions, communities and periods; to identify elements of continuity and change, from the most remote phases until today; to begin a dialogue with new approaches from art history, archaeology, and philology.

2024, sociologia italiana

Il saggio propone un’indagine sulle regole di espressione delle emozioni come norma
sociale stabilita nei manuali di galateo e nei trattati sulle buone maniere del Novecento
italiano. La soppressione delle emozioni e della loro espressione in nome di un «contegno
» che permetta l’accettazione sociale diventa specchio di una società che vede
nell’espressione incontrollata delle emozioni un rischio di esclusione sociale. Attraverso
un approccio basato sulla sociologia storica, si esaminerà la possibilità di utilizzare i
manuali di galateo come fonte per indagare le modalità e le norme di costruzione di
«un’identità emozional

2024, REVISTA ESTUDIOS INSTITUCIONALES

2024, BMJ Open

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV), and associated factors, in reproductive-aged women attending psychiatric outpatient departments.DesignCross-sectional facility-based study.SettingOutpatient psychiatric clinics of public hospitals in Addis Ababa.ParticipantsReproductive aged women with chronic mental illness (CMI) who attended follow-up in psychiatric outpatient clinics.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe data were collected using a multi-culturally validated instrument from randomly sampled women with CMI. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with IPV.ResultFour hundred and twenty-two women who were attending the psychiatric outpatient clinics took part in the study. The majority of participants 62.0% (95% CI 56.1 to 68.8) experienced IPV at least once in their lifetime. The most common form of IPV experienced by women was emotional violence (60%; 95% CI 55.0 to 64.7). One hundred and eighty-...

2024, Antropologija

Intenzivni kulturni kontakti i pokretljivost ljudi na globalnom nivou tokom poslednjih decenija uticali su na formiranje rasprostranjenog stava da globalizacija nepovoljno i neminovno utiče na opstanak lokalnih kulturnih identiteta. Stoga se i inicijative za zaštitu nematerijalnog kulturnog nasleđa mogu posmatrati u kontekstu isticanja važnosti prepoznavanja i očuvanja različitosti u svim kulturnim sferama. Kako muzika predstavlja jedno od sredstava komunikacije i identifikacije kako pojedinaca, tako i zajednica na različitim nivoima, namera mi je da u okvirima antropološke teorije sagledam aspekte na osnovu kojih muzika može biti prepoznata kao vid nematerijalne kulturne baštine. Ključne reči: muzika, kulturni identiteti, autentičnost, kulturna komunikacija, nematerijalno kulturno nasleđe, antropologija Uvod Nematerijalno kulturno nasleđe predstavlja pojam koji sve više dobija na aktuelnosti kako u različitim naučnim disciplinama, tako i u javnom diskursu. U osnovi koncepta kulturnog nasleđa, bilo da je reč o materijalnoj ili nematerijalnoj baštini, leži pitanje odabira, prepoznavanja i reprezentacije određenih elemenata koji tvore jedinstvenu pojavu na osnovu koje zajednica uspostavlja svoj identitet, odnosno ističe svoju posebnost. Važno mesto u tom pogledu zauzima i pitanje perspektive iz koje se određeni element posmatra kao baština. Naime, predstave o tome da li bi nešto moglo biti posmatrano kao deo nematerijalnog kulturnog nasleđa ili ne zavisi od toga da li se o tome izjašnjavaju pripadnici same zajednice iz koje posmatrani element potiče, ili, pak, oni koji toj zajednici ne pripadaju, već je posmatraju "spolja". Predstave koje nastaju iz tako različitih perspektiva mogu da se preklapaju, ali i ne moraju.

2024, Willem van Oranje-lezing

Etiquette, zo wordt ons regelmatig voorgehouden, is nuttig. Kennis van de etiquette geeft een mens zelfvertrouwen, maar daarbij moeten we vooral niet denken aan strijkages en tuttige regeltjes, nee, het gaat om sociale vaardigheid, sterker nog, om normen en waarden in het intermenselijk verkeer. Deze rooskleurige opvatting is op zijn minst een verdraaiing van de werkelijkheid. Natuurlijk zijn prettige omgangsvormen goed. Dingen die daartoe bijdragen zijn vriendelijkheid, oplettendheid, tolerantie en

2024, BMJ Open

ObjectiveTo examine the moderating role of health literacy in the association between direct exposure to violence and weight status among Palestinian adolescents.DesignA household cross-sectional study conducted in 2017.SettingA Palestinian district of the West Bank.ParticipantsPalestinian adolescents aged 11–16 years.ResultsAfter excluding underweight adolescents from the 1200 who were initially recruited, the data of 1173 adolescents were analysed. A high proportion (62%) of adolescents were directly exposed to violence. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 6.5% and 17.1%, respectively. The odds of obesity and overweight were 2.8 and 1.8 times higher among adolescents who were not exposed to domestic and school violence when they had low health literacy in the communication subscale. The odds of obesity were 62% and 57% lower among adolescents with high functional health literacy when exposed to domestic and school violence and to any form of violence, respectively. Among ...

2024, IRBEJ Journal

Internet etiquette is very necessary as teachers increasingly use the internet in teaching and communicate online. Netiquette is introduced in schools so that teachers would be more ethical in utilizing and dealing with the dynamics of interactions in the digital space wisely. The purposes of this study were to know the level of teachers' understanding on netiquette in digital use and to describe factors that influence it. This study used phenomenological research method. The data were collected through observation sheets which distributed to 15 teachers from several schools on google form. The results indicated that the majority of teachers already understand that in cyberspace, humans interact and communicate with various cultural differences. Easy internet access allows everyone to connect and participate, without cultural or geographic boundaries. So, netiquette needs to be implemented by all internet users, both in the field of education and social media. Cyber-bullying is a case that needs to be recognized and anticipated as early as possible. For this reason, apart from teachers, it is also important to socialize netiquette to all students at elementary to high school levels.

2024, BMJ Open

IntroductionThe reduction of coercion in psychiatry is a high priority for both the WHO and many member countries. Open-door policy (ODP) is a service model for psychiatric ward treatment that prioritises collaborative and motivational measures to better achieve acute psychiatric safety - and treatment objectives. Keeping the ward main door open is one such measure. Evidence on the impact of ODP on coercion and violent events is mixed, and only one randomised controlled trial (RCT) has previously compared ODP to standard practice. The main objectives of the Lovisenberg Open Acute Door Study (LOADS) are to implement and evaluate a Nordic version of ODP for acute psychiatric inpatient services. The evaluation is designed as a pragmatic RCT with treatment-as-usual (TAU) control followed by a 4-year observational period.Methods and analysisIn this 12-month pragmatic randomised trial, all patients referred to acute ward care will be randomly allocated to either TAU or ODP wards. The prim...

2024, Dimitri Maillard, « La tente prétorienne et l’étiquette dans le camp romain sous la République », Cahiers « Mondes anciens », 18, https://journals.openedition.org/mondesanciens/4942

La tente prétorienne et l'étiquette dans le camp romain sous la République Cahiers « Mondes anciens », 18 | 2024

2024, Revista Estudios Institucionales

En otras partes del mundo las Visitas de Estado suelen tener una duración de tres días habitualmente, aunque como en el caso que acabamos de presentar de la visita de Bachelet a España no es obligatorio y la agenda marca las modificaciones sobre la estructura inicial. En el caso del Reino Unido, la estructura suele ser habitual también de tres días y tiene también una serie de actos como estipulados, muy marcados, con unas ciertas características particulares (Chávarri del Rivero, 2004, pág. 329). Recepción por los Príncipes de Gales Normalmente la Reina no recibe a los invitados hasta que no llegan a su residencia oficial y son los Príncipes de Gales los que reciben en primera instancia a los jefes de Estado, en

2024

Es innegable, que hoy las labores de los profesionales de protocolo de ceremonial se ven envueltos en entorno diferente al que se producía hace no muchos años que ha hecho incluso que el sentido de la profesión sería visto entredicho. La sociedad actual en la que nos desenvolvemos esta fuertemente influida por la comunicación y la imagen. Esta influencia se ha filtrado poco a poco en la forma la que las organizaciones se plantean su presencia exterior e interior. El mundo empresarial es un ejemplo claro de este cambio, las diferentes formas de trasmitir mensajes se han adaptado a estas nuevas necesidades que la sociedad esté imponiendo.

2024, Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi

2024, Ksü

Kamusal Yaşamda Protokol Kuralları, Tarihçesi ve Gerekliliği

2024, Dustin Neighbors, Ellie Woodacre & Lars Cyril Nørregard (eds) Notions of Privacy at Early Modern European Courts: Reassessing the Public-Private Divide.

At the Swedish court in the 1770s, the entrées and regulations aimed at
creating a detailed hierarchy of visible access to members of the aristocracy
were not a list of men and women particularly close to the royal family.
Instead, the entrées fulfilled several functions including imitation of
Versailles. In particular, they could boost the prestige of a number of men
and women. However, the men and women who received this status were
almost all courtiers. Increasing their prestige thus also intensified the
potential respect due to the court and, therefore, the monarch himself.
The court connections needed for an entrée emphasised how the king
was the undisputed centre of this new political system after the 1772
coup. The handing out of entrées to a few princes furthermore aimed to
augment the prestige of the court around the king.

2024, BMJ Open

IntroductionThere is growing interest in assessing the impact of health interventions, particularly when women are the focus of the intervention, on women’s empowerment. Globally, research has shown that interventions targeting nutrition, health and economic development can affect women’s empowerment. Evidence suggests that women’s empowerment is also an underlying determinant of nutrition outcomes. Depending on the focus of the intervention, different domains of women’s empowerment will be influenced, for example, an increase in nutritional knowledge, or greater control over income and access to resources.ObjectiveThis study evaluates the impact of the Shonjibon Cash and Counselling (SCC) Trial that combines nutrition counselling and an unconditional cash transfer, delivered on a mobile platform, on women’s empowerment in rural Bangladesh.Methods and analysisWe will use a mixed-methods approach, combining statistical analysis of quantitative data from 2840 women in a cluster random...

2024, Anuario De Historia De La Iglesia

2024, Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia

2024, BMJ Open

Background Domestic violence is a global issue of public health concern with detrimental effects on women's physical, mental and social well-being. There is a paucity of community-based studies assessing the knowledge and attitude of women towards domestic violence in Nigeria. Objective To assess knowledge, attitudes, prevalence and associated factors of domestic violence among women in a community in Kaduna, Nigeria. Design A descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting A selected community in Kaduna South Local Government Area in Kaduna State. Participants In total, 170 women aged 15-49 years participated in the study. Primary and secondary outcome measures The outcomes were knowledge, attitude and prevalence of domestic violence. Results The mean age of the respondents was 28.7+7.9 years. A total of 113 (66.5%) respondents had high level of knowledge about domestic violence with 114 (67.1%) having non-tolerant attitudes towards domestic violence. The lifetime prevalence and 12-month prevalence of domestic violence were 47.1% and 35.3%, respectively. The results of logistic regression identified the educational status of women as a significant predictor of knowledge of domestic violence (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.32; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.68), while marital status (aOR=0.21; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.96), occupation of women (aOR=2.49; 95% CI 1.13 to 5.49), their tolerance of wife beating (aOR=0.33; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.72) and their partners' consumption habit of alcohol/substance use (aOR=7.91; 95% CI 3.09 to 20.27) were identified as significant predictors of the women's experience of domestic violence. Conclusion Domestic violence was relatively high among women. Though a majority had high level of knowledge about domestic violence, a significant third had tolerant attitudes towards it. Appropriate health interventions need to be implemented by governmental and relevant stakeholders to target negative attitudes and address associated factors of domestic violence against women. ► This study provides context to knowledge attitude and prevalence of domestic violence among women in Kaduna State, northwestern Nigeria, using the Conflict Tactics Scale. ► The response rate was high (100%) despite the sensitive nature of the issue. ► Only women were interviewed and the potential for biased responses on their husband's/partner's behavioural characteristics cannot be discounted. ► This study was cross-sectional, so a causal relationship could not be confirmed.

2024, S.E Okoro

Communication plays a very important role in the hospitality industry. A customer not only pays for the food, room, or product, he also pays for the service. Communication is an integral part of service. A customer can be in a bad mood but a broad smile on the faces of the employees in a restaurant can change the mood of the customer and make him feel good and contended. You need to be very patient, cool and composed and need to keep yourself calm while handling difficult customers. Nwachukwu(2008) said that effective communication is a vehicle for the transmission of policies, plans, procedures, strategies and the goals to the different levels at the organization. In other words, it is the process by which ideas, feeling and images of a person or organization are made known to another. He went on to say that effective communication requires the existence of favourable climate that promotes the exchange of ideas. Moreover, effective communication promotes good employees, management relationship; improve attitude, increase job satisfaction and motivation bringing an increase in productivity. In a real sense, effective communication promotes good customer, organization relationship, improve attitudes and increase business dealings and satisfaction and in a way, ensuing high productivity especially in the hospitality industry. In this study looking at the results in the table it shows the extent strategic communication is adopted in the management of the hotel, 71% of the respondents said very high extent, 15% of the respondents said high extent, 10% of the respondents said low extent while the remaining 4% said very low extent.

2024, BMJ Open

Introduction This protocol describes a study testing the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for major depressive disorder following perinatal loss (early and late fetal death and early neonatal death). Perinatal loss is associated with elevated risk of major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Perinatal loss conveys specific treatment needs. The trial will be the first fully powered randomised trial of treatment for any psychiatric disorder following perinatal loss. Methods and analysis A sample of 274 women in Flint and Detroit areas in Michigan who experience a major depressive episode following a perinatal loss will be randomised to group IPT for perinatal loss or to group coping with depression. We anticipate that 50% of the sample will have co-occurring PTSD. Assessments occur at baseline, mid-treatment (8 weeks), post-treatment (16 weeks) and follow-up (28 weeks). Clinical outcomes include time to recovery from major depressive episode (primary), depressive symptoms, PTSD symptoms and time to recovery from PTSD. Additional outcomes include social support, social role functioning (including parental functioning for those with living children), well-being, grief (including complicated grief and fault beliefs) and fear of subsequent pregnancies. Social support and grief are hypothesised mediators of IPT effects on time to recovery from major depressive episode. Ethics and dissemination The trial was approved by Michigan State University's Biomedical Institutional Review Board. It has a data and safety monitoring board and has been submitted to the communitybased organisation partners community ethics review board. Written operating procedures outline methods for protecting confidentiality, monitoring and recording adverse events, and safeguarding participants. We will share study results with research and clinical communities, community organisations through which we recruited, and will offer results to study participants. Deidentified datasets will be available through the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive and to qualified investigators on request. Trial registration number NCT04629599.

2024, BMJ Open

2024, Convergència entre el protocol i la comunicació. Anàlisi de la presidència de la Generalitat de Catalunya (1980 - 2023)

This final year project aims to study the transversality between protocol and communication competences. Nowadays, protocol is not only a ceremonial rule but it also plays a major role in institutional communication. For this reason, the analysis of the convergence of both
disciplines is used through the mixed research methodology.
The objectives of this study focus on the analysis of the evolution between protocol and communication within the Ministry of the Presidency of the Generalitat de Catalunya from 1980 to 2023. The study includes the changes in nomenclature of the protocol and press services during this period. In addition, a detailed analysis of their organizational structures has been provided by relating, qualitatively, the transformation process of communication and the official protocol in parallel with the current evolution. Furthermore, the knowledge and perceptions of the professionals who work in the field of communication and protocol within the Institution have also been described with reference to their job functions and responsibilities.
After studying the regulations and reference sources, this project suggests proposals for improvement and triggers discussion in order to give a new vision of protocol within communication and offer a change of nomenclature that helps to redefine these new functions and responsibilities. The main answer to this research is give based on a communicative umbrella, where the press, protocol, ceremonial, and public relations become part of the global communicative strategy of the incoming governments in the Presidency of the Generalitat de Catalunya