Public Policy Analysis Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, The Lancet

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs. Methods First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score. In the first phase, from a longlist of 103 candidate indicators, 23 were prioritised as core indicators of elective surgical system preparedness by 69 clinicians (23 [33%] women; 46 [67%] men; 41 from HICs, 22 from MICs, and six from LICs) from 32 countries. The multidomain SPI included 11 indicators on facilities and consumables, two on staffing, two on prioritisation, and eight on systems. Hospitals were scored from 23 (least prepared) to 115 points (most prepared). In the second phase, surgical preparedness was measured in 1632 hospitals by 4714 clinicians from 119 countries. 745 (45•6%) of 1632 hospitals were in MICs or LICs. The mean SPI score was 84•5 (95% CI 84•1-84•9), which varied between HIC (88•5 [89•0-88•0]), MIC (81•8 [82•5-81•1]), and LIC (66•8 [64•9-68•7]) settings. In the third phase, 1217 (74•6%) hospitals did not maintain their expected SVR during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which 625 (51•4%) were from HIC, 538 (44•2%) from MIC, and 54 (4•4%) from LIC settings. In the mixed-effects model, a 10-point increase in SPI corresponded to a 3•6% (95% CI 3•0-4•1; p<0•0001) increase in SVR. This was consistent in HIC (4•8% [4•1-5•5]; p<0•0001), MIC (2•8 [2•0-3•7]; p<0•0001), and LIC (3•8 [1•3-6•7%]; p<0•0001) settings. Interpretation The SPI contains 23 indicators that are globally applicable, relevant across different system stressors, vary at a subnational level, and are collectable by front-line teams. In the case study of COVID-19, a higher SPI was associated with an increased planned surgical volume ratio independent of country income status, COVID-19 burden, and hospital type. Hospitals should perform annual self-assessment of their surgical preparedness to identify areas that can be improved, create resilience in local surgical systems, and upscale capacity to address elective surgery backlogs.

2025, KHURASAN UNIVERSITY BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JOURNAL (KU-BAJ)

This study investigates the impact of service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction in Afghanistan's telecommunications sector. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing a convenience sampling method to gather data. The objectives and hypotheses of the study were formulated and analyzed using statistical techniques. A total of 520 customers were surveyed, yielding 487 valid responses. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24.0. Initially, a reliability test of the questionnaire was conducted, and Cronbach's Alpha was found to be 0.867, indicating that all 36 items were reliable and consistent. The study employed scale analysis, correlation, and linear regression for data analysis. The findings reveal that over half of the respondents were dissatisfied with network coverage. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction. Linear regression analysis further revealed that dimensions such as reliability, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy have a positive influence on customer satisfaction, while tangibles were found to have a negative impact.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2025, The Lancet

2025

En el marco del desarrollo del sector primario en Colombia, se observa la existencia de una serie de situaciones o factores adversos que le impiden alcanzar su productividad y competitividad, entre los cuales destacan los altos costos de la materia prima e insumos utilizados en los procesos productivos de siembra y cosecha, la inexistencia de politicas publicas que garanticen un verdadero apoyo al campesinado colombiano, como los subsidios y/o estrategias de proteccion a la produccion nacional, estas ultimas, como barrera a la entrada en grandes volumenes de productos importados, resultantes de los acuerdos internacionales donde se les da mayor participacion a los productos importados, como ha sido en los ultimos anos, los provenientes de Canada y Estados Unidos, este ultimo, con la firma del TLC. Lo anterior ha coadyuvando a una reduccion en las areas de cultivo, asi como en el rendimiento por hectareas; como es el caso de la agrocadena de cereales, entre los que destaca el maiz am...

2025

The objective of the research is to examine the macroeconomic, welfare and poverty impacts of global full and partial liberalization of rice trade and agriculture trade in Pakistan. Simulations are conducted in a CGE static framework using data from 2002 social accounting matrix. The model assumes segregated labour market-agriculture and non agriculture. The paper incorporates supply and demand side factors affecting Pakistan's agriculture trade with special focus on rice trade. The results indicate that trade liberalization of rice and agriculture trade liberalization benefit to all households especially to farm households in rural area. The welfare and poverty indicators; equivalent variation and FGT indices, improve for majority of households. Pakistan as a whole is better off in each exercise as welfare improves and poverty reduces by all measures. However intensity of impact differs across five experiments. Last, long run analysis of rice trade liberalization is conducted assuming that land and capital are also mobile within agriculture and non agriculture economies, respectively. Global full liberalization of rice trade has more favorable effects in terms of welfare and poverty reduction in the long run.

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

The main objective of the working paper series of the IIMA is to help faculty members, research staff and doctoral students to speedily share their research findings with professional colleagues and test their research findings at the pre-publication stage. IIMA is committed to maintain academic freedom. The opinion(s), view(s) and conclusion(s) expressed in the working paper are those of the authors and not that of IIMA.

2025

Large, suburban employment centres are a major feature of contemporary metropolitan growth. While these employment agglomerations have attracted a great deal of attention through the ‘edge city’ phenomenon that they imply and their impacts on land values (Bingham and Kimble 1995, McMillen and McDonald 1998), rather less attention has been paid to the land consumption implications that arise from this growth. Large employment concentrations do not just engage in the primary consumption of land through absorbing large areas for industrial, commercial or service activity, but they also exert a secondary impact as the result of land absorption through the residential choice of the labour that is employed in these concentrations. Thus a link needs to be made between primary land consumption, which is grounded in place of work, and secondary land consumption that is related to place of residence. This chapter attempts to forge this link. It offers a methodology for achieving this translat...

2025

Consideration of choice-based reform in educational governance rests heavily on the assumption that markets will improve school performance. Nonetheless, little empirical research has examined how educational organizations respond to competition. This paper hypothesizes that administrators are likely to respond by adopting governance reforms--particularly decentralization and staff-empowerment measures--advocated by educational reformers. This study further suggests that they are most likely to pursue decentralization when the costs of persuasion and monitoring are low. The study uses data from Arizona to assess the effects of charter-school competition on empowerment in a sample of 87 public schools (959 teachers). Charter-school competition increased teacher empowerment in traditional schools by slight to moderate amounts from 1994-95 (before charter schooling was introduced) to 1997-98, but only in schools where teachers were already somewhat empowered prior to competition. At least in the short run, the effects of charter schooling in public-school governance depend on public-school structure and culture. (Author/DFR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.

2025, ACSS2013 Official Conference Proceedings

Topic: Politics, Public Policy and Law Psychology Nowadays, Mexico is involved in two important processes: in the economic sphere, the Mexican government is engaged in an ongoing process of integration into the international economy. On the political and social level, is building a solid democracy system. However, the two processes are complex and are often characterized by the forgetfulness of "local development". Moreover, the intensification of the basic needs of the people leads to a high level of poverty that is related to the lack of the capacity to generate jobs, marketable services and infrastructure that allow them to interact with other economic and labor sectors. A recent report of the Mexican Social Development Ministry mentioned that 54% of Mexicans live in poverty, (surviving with less than USA $ 4 a day), while 32% do so with less than 2.5 dollars, and 24% with less than $ 2 a day. Also, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the situation of poverty and its effects on local development in Mexico. The central argument or hypothesis is that, the Mexican government at all levels (federal, state and municipal), with inappropriate strategies of combating poverty, tends to get lost in the complex system of the national economy; that mitigates the efforts of combatting poverty and social exclusion. Indeed, to achieve an efficient local development, it is necessary to take in account sociocultural, economic, technological, ecological and political actors. Furthermore, it is essential to generate thoughtful changes in the behavior of all these different actors.

2025

En la presente investigación que lleva el nombre “Presupuesto por Resultados frente a la Covid -19 en el Hospital Rezola de Cañete 2020”, ha tenido como objetivo general determinar los resultados del PpR frente a la COVID-19 en el Hospital Rezola de Cañete, de enero a octubre del 2020, para lo cual se tomó como referencia los programas presupuestales de nuestra institución de salud. El tipo de investigación pertenece al diseño descriptivo, toda vez que se describirán los hallazgos obtenidos en el estudio; variedad estudio de caso, ya que esta investigación se llevó a cabo en una realidad particular en el Hospital Rezola, en una situación única e irreproducible como es la pandemia de la Covid- 19; el enfoque del estudio es tipo cualitativo. Se ha encontrado producto del análisis de los resultados encontrados, que el Presupuesto por Resultados en el Hospital Rezola se vio afectado en sus programas presupuestales, con incumplimiento de sus metas físicas, aunque con una ejecución presup...

2025

The institution of Punilla Regional Community: study and promotion of participative metodologies for the associated planning and management of development policies. [Proyecto de Investigación] El texto completo no está disponible en este... more

2025

-Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome. MTE -Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. MT -Mato Grosso. NOB/SUAS -Normas Operacionais Básica do Sistema Único da Assistência Social ONU -Organização das Nações Unidas.

2025, Gouvernement et action publique

2025, … Papers-Cahiers du …

The Laboratory of Forestry economics (LEF) was created in 2000 as a joint research unit of the French Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Environmental Engineering (ENGREF) and the National Institute of Agronomic research (INRA). The... more

2025, The Lancet

2025

Ved bruk av materiale fra denne publikasjonen skal Statistisk sentralbyra oppgis som kilde. Rapporten er ogsa tilgjengelig fra www.ssb.no

2025, Planejamento e políticas públicas

Resumo Neste trabalho são discutidos alguns conceitos básicos da análise de políticas públicas, destacam-se as contribuições das abordagens do. neoinstitucionalismo. e da. análise de estilos políticos. para o campo de investigação da ciência política. Analisando-se as implicações dessa abordagem para a realidade político-administrativa de países em desenvolvimento, particularmente do Brasil, caracterizados por democracias não consolidadas, o texto conclui que as peculiaridades socioeconômicas e as políticas das ...

2025, Revista De Estudios Regionales

En este trabajo se analizan las numerosas medidas aprobadas por las Comunidades Autónomas, para el ejercicio 2010, en el Impuesto sobre Sucesiones y Donaciones. Esta ingente normativa autonómica además de provocar desigualdad de trato fi scal plantea problemas de compatibilidad con las Libertades Comunitarias, aspectos que son analizados en este estudio.

2025

This paper presents the relations among agency (A), structure (S), institutions (I), and discourse (D) and their analytical relevance for socio-economic development. It argues that an adequate account of these relations must recognize their inherent spatio-temporality and, hence, their space-time dynamics. This is not an optional extra but a definite descriptive and explanatory requirement. Moreover, while structure is recognized as a product of pathdependent institutionalization and path-shaping (collective) agency, agency is seen in turn as discursively and materially reproduced and transformed. This approach treats structure in terms of a differential spatio-temporal configuration of constraints and opportunities, reference to which informs the empirical analysis of strategic agency within the overall agency, structure, institutions, discourse (ASID) heuristic. The paper concludes with an eightfold typology of particular combinations of ASID features to guide analyses of socio-economic development in all its (dis-) junctural complexity.

2025

La teoria de I'elecci6 col•lectiva i la intervenci6 publica Jordi Bacaria i Colom Possiblernent els que no son economistes pensen que les intervencions publiques sempre es deriven de la Teoria Economica. Nomes s'explica que s'atribueixi als economistes tanta incapacitat per resoldre cis problemes, si els que no ho son pensen que la Teoria Economica to capacitat per resoldre'ls. Alguns economistes, d'antuvi s'han esforcat en posar de relleu que no sempre hi ha Iligams entre la Teoria i la praxis de la politica economica. Clair Wilcox (1960) per exemple, mostra que la influencia real de la Teoria Economica sobre la politica publica, es mes aviat escassa. Per si no fos suficient aquesta feble influencia de la Teoria sobre la politica, algunes vegades es parteix de teories poc exactes per justificar la intervencio. La teoria del monopoli natural, que serveix de pretexte per justificar la regulacio dels serveis publics, n'es un cas. Harold Demsetz (1968), ja va advertir al respecte que, "no disposern d'una teoria que, a partir del grau de concentracio observable en un mercat especific ens permeti deduir si el preu i ]a produccio son competitius o no", tot insistint a la vegada en que la teoria economica no ofereix cap justificacio teorica per aquest tipus de regulacio. Aixi doncs, per Dernsetz, ames de les condicions necessaries, es a dir, I'existencia de concentracio, caldrien les condicions suficientd 'absencia de competencia. Amb les primeres sol no n'hi ha prou per determinar 1'existencia de monopoli natural, i en consequencia ]a prescripcio de regulacio no estaria suficientment avalada. Malgrat aixo, els interventors o reguladors, son constants en la recerca de la perfeccio, tot i que molter vegades es millor acceptar la imperfeccio com a tal. L'exemple mes clar d'aquesta vocacio intervencionista, es ]'argument dels fracassos del mercat per proposar i justificar la regulacio, com si aquesta fos automaticament millor. Pero de vegades un mercat imperfecte pot esser millor solucio que una regulacio imperfecta. Charles Wolf Jr. (1979) en una reconeguda aportacio, ens posa en sobreavis que els fracassos del mercat son una condicio necessaria pero no suficient per les intervencions en politica publica. Una seriosa advertencia que hauria d'esperonar I'analisi de les intervencions en un doble sentit, demostrar primer 1'existencia del fracas del mercat i demostrar despres que I'alternativa interventora es millor. Dit d'una altra manera, per justificar les intervencions i regulacions publiques, caldria demostrar que es satisfan tant les condicions necessaries com les suficients. No anar per aquest cami seria, com alguns estudiosos de I'eleccio

2025

Варенко В.М. Методичний аспект створення інформаційно-аналітичних документів: аналіз, технології, проблеми // Вісник книжкової палати. - 2015. - №3. - С. 46-48У статті проаналізовано технології та проблеми створення та оформлення інформаційно-аналітичних документів як важливого чинника управлінської діяльності.В статье проанализовано технологии и проблемы создания и оформления информационно-аналитических документов как важного элемента управленческой деятельности.The paper analyzes the technology of creating and formatting analytical documents as a major component of managerial activities and looks at the problems involved in the process

2025

Cet article analyse l'importance du rôle de l'agriculture dans le développement du Sénégal au cours des dernières années. Plus particulièrement, il étudie l'impact des différents programmes qui ont été mis en oeuvre pour la relance du secteur agricole. En utilisant un Model dynamique Auto régressif à retards échelonnés (ARDL), nous observons que la production agricole a un impact positif et significatif sur la croissance économique du Sénégal aussi bien à court qu'à long terme. Cependant, la performance de l'agriculture comme levier de croissance reste relativement faible. Ce résultat met en évidence la nécessité d'adapter les programmes agricoles pour le développement pour une croissance socio-économique soutenable.

2025, Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran

2025, ENHANCING ENERGY SECURITY IN AFGHANISTAN THROUGH DEREGULATION AND RENEWABLE INTEGRATION: AN OVERVIEW

This article explores Afghanistan's centralized and monopolistic energy sector, managed by Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (DABS), and highlights the urgent need for reforms to enhance energy security. With approximately 77.4% of its energy imported and high domestic generation costs, Afghanistan faces energy vulnerabilities that limit economic growth and electrification, particularly in rural areas. The article proposes deregulation and renewable energy integration to address these challenges. Deregulation could open the energy market to private-sector competition, potentially lowering costs and fostering innovation. Additionally, leveraging Afghanistan's abundant solar and wind resources could reduce import dependence and promote energy self-sufficiency. Drawing on international case studies, this study underscores how deregulation, combined with renewable energy, could drive Afghanistan toward a resilient, sustainable energy future. A comprehensive policy framework is recommended to support this transition, focusing on investment incentives, regulatory clarity, and infrastructure modernization.

2025

Agli inizi del XXI secolo e ormai ampiamente riconosciuto nell’economia aziendale il ruolo delle risorse immateriali, o intangibili, o invisibili, al tempo stesso come: • determinante essenziale della vitalita e competitivita delle imprese • fonte quindi della capacita di produrre reddito, o di generare valore, per l’impresa e per i soggetti che partecipano alla sua attivita • componente fondamentale, di conseguenza, dello stesso valore economico che l’impresa assume in un dato momento • elemento che diviene necessario considerare e analizzare in modo specifico, e non solo indirettamente, ogni volta che sorge l’esigenza di calcolare il valore economico dell’impresa stessa. Sul piano teorico e dell’elaborazione concettuale, questa consapevolezza e frutto di una significativa convergenza ravvisabile in distinti filoni di ricerca nell’ambito delle discipline economiche, aziendali e manageriali. Alcuni di questi si ricollegano a spunti e intuizioni anche molto lontani nel tempo, ma hann...

2025, Ottawa Law Review

This paper reflects on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigration detention in Canada. Drawing on research spanning 2020 to 2022, we analyze how the pandemic impacted rates of detention, conditions of detention, and other related issues. Data released by the Canada Border Services Agency shows that despite an initial decrease in absolute numbers, Canada detained people at a higher rate after the onset of the pandemic than it did prior. Canada also held people for longer periods of time and relied more heavily on jails than dedicated Immigration Holding Centres. Conditions of confinement deteriorated significantly across all detention facilities, but most acutely in jails. The abrupt shift towards conducting detention review hearings exclusively
by remote means, and initially only by telephone — without ensuring meaningful contact between detainees and their counsel — further impeded detainees’ ability to understand and participate in their own hearings. These factors, combined with increased isolation within jails and detention facilities, increased use of segregation, diminished availability of alternatives to detention, the continued detention of children and separation of families, and the persistence of structural racism and disregard for detainee mental health paint a very grim picture. This research drives us towards the conclusion that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on immigration detention in Canada. Rather than drive the immigration detention regime towards greater rates of release, as early researchers hoped, the pandemic ushered in an increased reliance on detention under worse conditions, as well as greater alienation, degradation, and dehumanization of detainees. We conclude our analysis by identifying key criteria that must be prioritized to avoid further entrenching the worst of the COVID-19 era practices and call for the gradual abolition of immigration detention in Canada.

2025

Este capítulo tem por objetivo analisar o uso da Lei de licitações brasileiras – mais especificamente a Lei no 8.666/1993 – no contexto da encomenda da câmera multiespectral regular (MUX) embarcada no satélite sino brasileiro de sensoriamento remoto, CBERS-4 (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite). O estudo relaciona o caso da empresa Opto Eletrônica (Opto) com o conceito de compras públicas para inovação (Public Procurement for Innovation – PPI), discutindo como se deu o desenvolvimento de um produto de alta intensidade tecnológica e, sobretudo, risco tecnológico a partir da utilização dessa Lei. Ademais, observou-se suas diferenças em relação aos processos licitatórios não especificamente voltados para atuar como uma demand side policy para inovação ou aos ditos processos de contratação públicos “comuns”.

2025, O Reconhecimento da Receita para Fins de Imposto sobre a Renda da Pessoa Jurídica (IRPJ)

O livro “O Reconhecimento da Receita para fins de Imposto sobre a Renda da Pessoa Jurídica (IRPJ), do Dr. Rafael Baltazar trata-se de obra essencial para opera dores do direito, advogados, profissionais da área tributária, contadores e estudantes do tema que buscam uma maior profundidade sobre o tema. Neste livro, Dr. Rafael Baltazar, advogado, contador e agora escritor, desmistifica o enredamento do reconhecimento de receitas no espectro do IRPJ, abordando-se a práxis e a teoria em uma abordagem didática. O livro perpassa pelos princípios constitucionais que regem desde o regramento da tributação até as singularidades das normas contábeis, como também jurídicas que impõem efeitos sobre o reconhecimento de receitas sobre o IRPJ. Com uma observação crítica da legislação vigente, com exemplos e análises de casos, o autor propõe aos leitores um instrumento para a compreensão e aplicação do direito tributário no cenário dinâmico das sociedades empresariais. De modo claro, objetivo e com a precisão de poucos, os assuntos abordados fazem desta obra referência imperativa para acadêmicos e profissionais do setor, como aqueles também que desejam ir a fundo sobre o tema. Faça a aquisição desta obra e perceba os meandros do reconhecimento da receita e como esta pode ser direcionada dentro da legalidade e nos relevos da própria legislação, afiançando-se uma capacidade e eficiência tributária para operadores do direito, consumidores e empresas, e no ápice da segurança jurídica.

2025, The End of Gendered Policy: A New Public Policy Framework for Alienation in Families (Parental Alienation)

The adverse effects of parental alienation on children’s welfare and their
targeted/rejected parents are well documented. Parental alienating behaviours are a form of non-gendered discursive violence enacted through manipulating power in family relationships. Yet, it is still not recognised as a public health issue. Instead, policy and law are limited by a gendered paradigm despite evidence of its non-gendered presentation. This article applies a critical and intersectional policy framework to address these abuses of power in family relationships. This new policy approach may lead to laws and policies that reduce the harm alienating power relations causes children and family members, recognising its presentation across gender lines. Intersectionality applied to parental alienation supports the interaction and interdependence of multiple disciplines in this public health issue. Public policies addressing alienation in families invite society and its members to consider the problem of alienation as a public issue with interconnecting and interacting factors.

2025, The Lancet

2025

A persistent and very high-income inequality is well known feature of the Brazilian economy. However, from 2001 to 2005 the Gini index presented an unprecedented fall of -4.6% combined with a significant poverty reduction. Former studies using partial equilibrium analysis have pointed out the importance of federal government transfer programs for this inequality reduction. The aiming of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of the two most important cash transfer programs, "Bolsa Familia" and "BPC", in achieving their purposes of alleviating poverty and reducing the inequality in Brazil's income distribution using an integrated modeling approach, CGE-MS model. The simulation results confirm the importance of these programs to reduce inequality during 2003-2005. But, the effect on poverty alleviation was not strong. Finally, the methodological approach allows the identification of some important economic facts that were not presented in previous analysi...

2025, International Journal of Microsimulation

Cash Transfer Policies, Taxation and the Fall in Inequality in Brazil -An Integrated Microsimulation-CGE Analysis previous analyses, such as the role of the tax structure that finances these policies.

2025, Journal of Indian Business Research

Purpose Livelihood interventions are recognized as instruments to deliver sustainable development by addressing multidimensional issues of poverty. Despite several interventions, success still remains trivial due to various interactive determinants. The purpose of this paper is to present the hierarchical model of determinants of rural livelihood interventions in India. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach to explore the interactive relationships among determinants. Then, by using the Matrice d’ Impacts Croises - Multipication Applique a classement (MICMAC) approach, these determinants are classified into four groups on the basis of their driving power and dependence power. Findings The research findings include identification of nine critical determinants using hybrid research process. These nine determinants are classified into four distinct levels revealing different extents of influence on livelihood outcomes. The results...

2025, Políticas Públicas: reflexões sobre o conceito jurídico

Decisões de governo e normas constitucionais têm estatuto e significado distinto. Enquanto as primeiras dizem respeito à conjuntura política, ao jogo democrático corriqueiro, as segundas são a base do próprio funcionamento da democracia,... more

2025, The Lancet

2025, Bulgarian Comparative Education Society

The paper provides a comparative analysis of establishing quality in early childhood education and care (ECEC) in the Republic of Ireland and the Republic of Serbia. The analysis is done through desk research of documents dealing with the standards of quality. The following dimensions were compared: 1) The way of preparing and adopting documents; 2) The function of standards; 3) Structure and content of the documents; 4) Evaluation of quality. The comparison of understanding and the purpose of ECEC standards in the two countries has shown the difference between the discourse of building quality and discourse of quality assurance by standardization as the external measure of quality. Whilst in Ireland, the evaluation of the quality is seen as the process of re-consideration and building quality, in Serbia, this is a one off ‘act’ of measuring and control.

2025, The Lancet

2025, Democracy education

The privatization and commercialization of public education in the United States has long been the dream of reformers seeking to turn schooling over to market forces (Chubb & Moe, 1990). The theory, as it were, is that public schools are wrought with failure, and the injection of marketplace competitors represents the only viable solution to that perceived failure (Friedman, 1955, 1997, 2002; Walberg & Bast, 2003). A commitment persists to ignore the growing body of literature that finds little reason to put stock in the failedschool and the badteacher myths (Berliner & Biddle, 1995; Berliner & Glass, 2014; Kumashiro, 2012) in favor of supporting an ideological commitment to privatization. The growing educational marketplace of charter schools, school vouchers, and privatized alternative teacher certification programs has, in fact, continued to grow and seemingly is growing for the sake of growing. Competition requires competitors, and marketplaces require marketing— this much is si...

2025, Nigerian Public Administration Review

The paper assessed development plans in Nigeria using the present vision 20:2020 to evaluate the past development plans and determine future hope for the nation's development. The paper made use of assessment methods to analyze the impacts of various national development plans starting from first national development plan to the fourth; as well as the rolling plans and other development initiatives such as vision 2010, NEEDS 1 and NEEDS 2 and vision 20:2020. The major objective of this paper was to determine how development plans have impacted on the generality of the country both in human and infrastructural development. Using Modernization Theory of Development, the paper attempted to analyze various stages of development starting from the traditional society, the pre-takeoff , the takeoff , the maturity and the high mass consumption society. From the analysis, we note that despite several development plans in the country, Nigeria is still struggling for development and it goes further to wonder the ability to realize the vision of 20:2020. However, the paper concluded that despite the low achievement that marred the nation's development plans over the years, Nigeria must continue to plan the strategies for development, hence, the challenge is not on the availability of both material and financial resources that would take Nigeria to the glory land, but the challenge has always been on how to push these resources to realize the set objectives. It therefore recommended among other things: that development plans in Nigeria should not be politicized and the need to employ all state powers and apparatuses towards every development plans and initiatives in Nigeria. The desire to realize development objectives should be paramount to the leaders and development initiators.

2025

In this paper we summarize the findings from five separate papers, with the goal of providing a more complete picture than is normally possible in a single paper, of the extent to which the variation in teacher characteristics contributes to minority achievement gaps. All five papers are based on a rich administrative data set that includes information on all students and all teachers in North Carolina. We document the extent to which students in North Carolina are segregated by race not only across schools but also across classrooms within schools; the extent to which teachers with stronger qualifications are overrepresented not only in schools serving more advantaged students, but also in the classrooms serving such students within such schools; the extent to which various teacher characteristics affect student achievement, and finally, the extent to which North Carolina's relatively sophisticated school-based accountability program has exacerbated the challenges that low-performing schools face in retaining teachers. Together our findings clearly implicate the unequal distribution of teachers, as defined by their characteristics, as one of many factors that contribute to minority achievement gaps. Of particular importance is the uneven distribution of novice teachers across schools and classrooms.

2025, مجلة المستقبل العربي

Corruption as a unit of analysis for studying Arab political systems

2025

The list of author's publications, on the basis of which the thesis has been prepared: I Toots, M.

2025

La REI en Calidad fue constituida en octubre de 2005 por el Ministerio de Administraciones Públicas de España y la Fundación CEDDET (Centro de Educación a Distancia para el Desarrollo Económico y Tecnológico) con la finalidad de “crear una comunidad permanente de profesionales del área que permitiera profundizar y dar continuidad a los contactos profesionales y personales labrados por los participantes a lo largo de los cursos online que, en materia de Calidad, ambas instituciones vienen ofreciendo a la Administración Pública Iberoamericana” (Ramiro et al., 2007, p.1). La REI se concibe como un espacio virtual que permite ofrecer herramientas de comunicación online, documentos de consulta e información de interés, para con ello “afianzar el intercambio de documentación y recursos sobre gestión de calidad entre sus miembros y contribuir al fortalecimiento institucional a través de una mejor gestión del conocimiento” (Ib.). La REI en Calidad se integra con los participantes que han co...

2025, The Lancet