Quark Matter Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

We present a model of fast hadronization of constituent quark matter in relativistic heavy ion collisions based on rate equations and capture cross sections in non-relativistic potential. We utilize a thermodynamically consistent approach with a non-ideal equation of state including correlation terms based on string phenomenology. We investigate strange and non-strange particle ratios observed in CERN SPS experiments.

2025, Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

We study the production of charm mesons and other charm baryons from quark matter at CERN SPS and RHIC energies. Using quark coalescence models as hadronization mechanism, we predict particle ratios, absolute yields and transverse... more

2025, Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

Photon-tagged correlations may be useful to determine how the dense partonic medium produced in heavy-ion collisions affects the fragmentation of highenergy quarks and gluons into a leading hadron. In these proceedings, I discuss the kinematic requirements for the hadron and the prompt photon transverse momentum cuts. A case study at LHC energy, tagging on p ⊥γ ≥ 20 GeV and p ⊥γ ≥ 50 GeV photons, is then briefly examined.

2025, Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

We use holographic techniques to study meson quasiparticles moving through a thermal plasma in N = 2 super-Yang-Mills theory, with gauge group SU (N c ) and coupled to N f flavours of fundamental matter. This holographic approach reliably describes the system at large N c , large 't Hooft coupling and N f /N c ≪ 1. The meson states are destabilized by introducing a small quark density n q . Spectral functions are used to examine the dispersion relations of these quasiparticles. In a low-momentum regime, the quasiparticles approach a limiting velocity which can be significantly less than the speed of light. In this regime, the widths of the quasiparticles also rise dramatically as their momentum approaches a critical value Õ crit . While the spectral functions do not display isolated resonances for Õ > Õ crit , the dispersion relations can be extended into this high-momentum regime by studying the dual quasinormal modes. A preliminary qualitative analysis of these modes suggests that the group velocity rises to the speed of light for Õ ≫ Õ crit .

2025, ChanXiv

This study validates the Quantum Gravity-Modulated Neutron Superfluid Reaction (QGM-NSR) mechanism through experiments and simulations, exploring its application potential. Using a high-flux neutron source (ILL HFR, 10^15 n/cm^2/s) and an advanced accelerator (SLAC LCLS-II, 10 T), we simulated gravitational fields (10^11-10^13 m/s^2). Neutron interferometry showed coherence increasing from 25.3% to 93.2%, confirming superfluid state formation. The reaction rate peaked at 1.9×10^6 events/s at 10^12 Hz, with energy density stabilized at 6.9×10^11 J/kg and byproducts below 8.8×10^-6%. Self-organized criticality (SOC) analysis revealed 1/f power spectral density, suggesting links to neutron star glitches. Simulations indicate QGM-NSR reduces Cs-137 half-life by 10-100 times and supports compact deep-space reactors (10^12 J/kg). A three-phase plan (1-10 years) will optimize parameters and advance applications in nuclear waste management and space exploration.

2025, Physical Review D

We explore the relevance of confinement in quark matter models for the possible quark core of neutron stars. For the quark phase, we adopt the equation of state (EoS) derived with the Field Correlator Method, extended to the zero temperature limit. For the hadronic phase, we use the microscopic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock many-body theory. We find that the currently adopted value of the gluon condensate G2 ≃ 0.006-0.007 GeV 4 , which gives a critical temperature Tc ≃ 170 MeV, produces maximum masses which are only marginally consistent with the observational limit, while larger masses are possible if the gluon condensate is increased.

2025

This report examines the relationship between the hadron creation energy predicted by Mo-theory, denoted E M o , and the Hagedorn temperature T H obtained from hadronic resonance data. Using the published value of T H ≈ 174 MeV derived from hadronic resonance analysis, we compare it to the Mo-theory prediction of hadron energy. The comparison provides insight into how Mo-theory aligns with conventional quantum chromodynamics (QCD) estimates of hadronic matter formation.

2025

This paper presents a novel framework for calculating hadron masses within the Information-Cognitive Compression Field (ICCF) model. The ICCF approach unifies quantum field theory, thermodynamics, and information geometry to explain particle mass generation, particularly focusing on hadrons such as protons, neutrons, and mesons. The model introduces the concept of Integrated Information Entities (IIEs) and causal interactions that determine the stability and mass of particles. We derive the ICCF hadron mass formula, which incorporates three major contributions: the bare compression energy of quarks, the energy stored in causal strings connecting quarks, and the saturation energy released when the system reaches causal stability. Through a series of approximations, we demonstrate the calculation of the proton mass, with predictions that align with experimental values. Additionally, the model allows for predictions of the mass spectrum of other hadrons, including strange hadrons, and provides insights into their decay modes, branching ratios, and resonance states, using thermodynamic principles such as entropy release and topological structure overlap. This framework offers a comprehensive, calculable model for particle mass, expanding the potential for new experimental predictions and verification.

2025, SSRN Electronic Journal

The XMM-Newton observatory shows evidence, with a 11 σ confidence level, for seasonal variation of the X-ray background in the near-Earth environment in the 2-6 keV energy range . The authors argue that the observed seasonal variation suggests a possible link with dark matter. We propose an explanation which involves the Axion Quark Nugget (AQN) dark matter model. In our proposal, AQNs can cross the Earth and emit high energy photons at their exit. We show that the emitted spectrum is consistent with [1], and that our calculation is not sensitive to the specific details of the model. Our proposal predicts a large seasonal variation, on the level of 20-25%, much larger than conventional dark matter models (1-10%). Since the AQN emission spectrum extends up to ∼100 keV, well beyond the keV sensitivity of XMM-Newton, we predict the AQN contribution to the hard X-ray and γ-ray backgrounds in the Earth's environment. The Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) instrument, aboard the FERMI telescope, is sensitive to the 8 keV-40 MeV energy band. The NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array) is a NASA space based X ray telescope which operates in the range 3 to 79 keV is also sensitive to higher energy bands. We suggest that the multi-year archival data from the GBM or NuSTAR could be used to search for a seasonal variation in the near-Earth environment up to 100 keV as a future test of the AQN framework.

2025, Physics Letters B

It has been recently argued that there is a strong component of the diffuse far-ultraviolet (FUV) background which is hard to explain by conventional physics in terms of the dust-scattered starlight. We propose that this excess in FUV radiation might be result of the dark matter annihilation events within the so-called axion quark nugget (AQN) dark matter model, which was originally invented for completely different purpose to explain the observed similarity between the dark and the visible components in the Universe, i.e. ΩDM ∼ Ω visible . We support this proposal by demonstrating that intensity and the spectral features of the AQN induced emissions are consistent with the corresponding characteristics of the observed excess of the FUV radiation.

2025, Physical Review D

We study a testable dark matter (DM) model outside of the standard WIMP paradigm in which the observed ratio Ω dark Ω visible for visible and dark matter densities finds its natural explanation as a result of their common QCD origin when both types of matter (DM and visible) are formed at the QCD phase transition and both are proportional to Λ QCD . Instead of the conventional "baryogenesis" mechanism we advocate a paradigm when the "baryogenesis" is actually a charge separation process which occur in the presence of the CP odd axion field a(x). In this scenario the global baryon number of the Universe remains zero, while the unobserved antibaryon charge is hidden in form of heavy nuggets, similar to Witten's strangelets and compromise the DM of the Universe. In the present work we study in great detail a possible formation mechanism of such macroscopically large heavy objects. We argue that the nuggets will be inevitably produced during the QCD phase transition as a result of Kibble-Zurek mechanism on formation of the topological defects during a phase transition. Relevant topological defects in our scenario are the closed bubbles made of the N DW = 1 axion domain walls. These bubbles, in general, accrete the baryon (or antibaryon) charge, which eventually result in formation of the nuggets and anti-nuggets carrying a huge baryon (antibaryon) charge. A typical size and the baryon charge of these macroscopically large objects is mainly determined by the axion mass m a . However, the main consequence of the model, Ω dark ≈ Ω visible is insensitive to the axion mass which may assume any value within the observationally allowed window 10 -6 eV m a 10 -3 eV. We also estimate the baryon to entropy ratio η ≡ n B /n γ ∼ 10 -10 within this scenario. Finally, we comment on implications of these results to the axion search experiments, including microwave cavity and the Orpheus experiments. The results of this thesis has been published on arXiv as Xunyu Liang and Ariel Zhitnitsky, arXiv:1606.00435 [hep-ph]. Section 2.4 and appendices were my work, but also being improved by Ariel Zhitnitsky, especially Appendix A, into a more logical framework. Additionally, the inclusion of the viscosity term was suggested by me. The rest of new results, chapter 2, 3, and 5, presented in this thesis was done and written by Ariel Zhitnitsky. Also, the remaining review chapters were written by Ariel Zhitnitsky.

2025, Physical Review C

We suggest a mechanism that may resolve a conflict between the precession of a neutron star and the widely accepted idea that protons in the bulk of the neutron star form a type-II superconductor. We will show that if there is a persistent, non-dissipating current running along the magnetic flux tubes the force between magnetic flux tubes may be attractive, resulting in a type-I, rather than a type-II, superconductor. If this is the case, the conflict between the observed precession and the canonical estimation of the Landau-Ginzburg parameter κ > 1/ √ 2 (which suggests type-II behaviour) will automatically be resolved. We calculate the interaction between two vortices, each carrying a current j, and demonstrate that when j > c 2qλ , where q is the charge of the Cooper pair and λ is the Meissner penetration depth, a superconductor is always type-I, even when the cannonical Landau-Ginzburg parameter κ indicates type-II behaviour. If this condition is met, the magnetic field is completely expelled from the superconducting regions of the neutron star. This leads to the formation of the intermediate state, where alternating domains of superconducting matter and normal matter coexist. We further argue that even when the induced current is small j < c 2qλ the vortex Abrikosov lattice will nevertheless be destroyed due to the helical instability studied previously in many condensed matter systems. This would also resolve the apparent contradiction with the precession of the neutron stars. We also discuss some instances where anomalous induced currents may play a crucial role, such as in neutron star kicks, pulsar glitches, the toroidal magnetic field and the magnetic helicity.

2025, Physical Review D

Dark Matter (DM) being the vital ingredient in the cosmos, still remains a mystery. Standard assumption is that the collisionless cold dark matter (CCDM) particles are represented by some weakly interacting fundamental fields which can not be associated with any standard quarks or leptons. However, recent analyses of structure on galactic and sub-galactic scales have suggested discrepancies and stimulated numerous alternative proposals including, e.g. Self-Interacting dark matter, Self-Annihilating dark matter, Decaying dark matter, to name just a few. We propose the alternative to the standard assumption about the nature of DM particles (which are typically assumed to be weakly interacting fundamental point -like particles, yet to be discovered). Our proposal is based on the idea that DM particles are strongly interacting composite macroscopically large objects which made of well known light quarks (or even antiquarks). The required weakness of the DM particle interactions is guaranteed by a small geometrical factor ǫ ∼ area volume ∼ B -1/3 ≪ 1 of the composite objects with a large baryon charge B ≫ 1, rather than by a weak coupling constant of a new field. We argue that the interaction between hadronic matter and composite dark objects does not spoil the desired properties of the latter as cold matter. We also argue that such a scenario does not contradict to the current observational data. Rather, it has natural explanations of many observed data, such as ΩDM /ΩB ∼ 1 or 511 KeV line from the bulge of our galaxy. We also suggest that composite dark matter may modify the dynamics of structure formation in the central overdense regions of galaxies. We also present a number of other cosmological/astrophysical observations which indirectly support the novel concept of DM nature.

2025, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

The effects of anomalies in high density QCD are striking. We consider a direct application of one of these effects, namely topological currents, on the physics of neutron stars. All the elements required for topological currents are present in neutron stars: degenerate matter, large magnetic fields, and parity violating processes. These conditions lead to the creation of vector currents capable of carrying momentum and inducing magnetic fields. We estimate the size of these currents for many representative states of dense matter in the neutron star and argue that they could be responsible for the large proper motion of neutron stars (kicks), the toroidal magnetic field and finite magnetic helicity needed for stability of the poloidal field, and the resolution of the conflict between type-II superconductivity and precession. Though these observational effects appear unrelated, they likely originate from the same physics-they are all P-odd phenomena that stem from a topological current generated by parity violation.

2025, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

We discuss a novel cold dark matter candidate which is formed from the ordinary quarks during the QCD phase transition when the axion domain wall undergoes an unchecked collapse due to the tension in the wall. If a large number of quarks is trapped inside the bulk of a closed axion domain wall, the collapse stops due to the internal Fermi pressure. In this case the system in the bulk, may reach the critical density when it undergoes a phase transition to a color superconducting phase with the ground state being the quark condensate, similar to the Cooper pairs in BCS theory. If this happens, the new state of matter representing the diquark condensate with a large baryon number B ∼ 10 32 becomes a stable soliton-like configuration. Consequently, it may serve as a novel cold dark matter candidate.

2025, Physical Review Letters

The NA52 experiment searches for long-lived massive strange quark matter particles, so-called strangelets, produced in Pb-Pb collisions at a beam momentum of p lab 158 A GeV͞c. Upper limits for the production of strangelets at zero degree production angle covering a mass to charge ratio up to 120 GeV͞c 2 and lifetimes t lab * 1.2 ms are given. The data presented here were taken during the 1994 lead beam running period at

2025, Astronomy and Astrophysics

The potential role of a diocotron instability in causing drifting sub-pulses in radio pulsar emission is investigated for aligned magnetic rotators. It is assumed that the out-flowing plasma above a pulsar polar cap consists of an initially axially symmetric, hollow beam of relativistic electron positron pair plasma which carries an electric charge as well as a current. The occurrence of instability depends on shear in the angular velocity distribution of the beam as a function of axial distance. Instability occurs under typical pulsar conditions at mode numbers ≤40. It destroys the symmetry of the equilibrium configuration and leads to a carousel of density columns which rotates at fixed angular pattern speed. The process is applied to two pulsars with observed carousels of drifting sub-pulses, and the diocotron instability at corresponding mode number and axial distance is used as a diagnostic for the charge and current density of the polar flow.

2025, Astronomy & Astrophysics

2025

We present a foundational, Lorentz-invariant framework based on a U(3) matrix-valued scalar field, Φ, which we identify with the Zero Point Energy (ZPE) of the vacuum. Within this theory, Standard Model fermions, gravity, quantum effects, and fundamental constants emerge from the same substrate. Fermions are modeled as solitonic excitations, with their mass hierarchy generated by the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the ZPE field into two distinct vacuum phases. The theory successfully reproduces the entire charged fermion mass spectrum and makes falsifiable predictions. Gravity is shown to emerge as a collective perturbation of the field's condensate, modeled as a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC), and the cosmological constant arises naturally from the vacuum energy. This paper seeks to establish the conceptual and mathematical groundwork for a new research program, inviting further rigorous development and experimental scrutiny.

2025

GO*™-* undir °""2i.^L AC0M4OMMOO. tool**. r paMWad form o* **• <JU ^!L ectures presented at the 10th INS-Kikuchi Spring School on Quarks and Nuclei, Shimoda, Japan, April 1987 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States flfl f"\ ^3 I ^_ |^L Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Referent* herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views DISTRIBUTION' OF 11WS U5u : J~{\z}il lh UNLIMITED and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

2025

We give a pedagogical review of Higgs boson low-energy theorems and their applications in the study of light Higgs boson interactions with mesons and baryons. In particular, it is shown how to combine the chiral Lagrangian method with the Higgs low-energy theorems to obtain predictions for the interaction of Higgs bosons and pseudoscalar mesons. Finally, we discuss the relation between the low-energy theorems and a technique which makes use of the trace of the QCD energy-momentum tensor.

2025, The European Physical Journal C

Ratios of the ψ ′ over the J/ψ production cross sections in the dilepton channel for C, Ti and W targets have been measured in 920 GeV proton-nucleus interactions with the HERA-B detector at the HERA storage ring. The ψ ′ and J/ψ states were reconstructed in both the µ + µ -and the e + e -decay modes. The measurements covered the kinematic range -0.35 ≤ xF ≤ 0.1 with transverse momentum pT ≤ 4.5 GeV/c. The ψ ′ to J/ψ production ratio is almost constant in the covered xF range and shows a slow increase with pT . The angular dependence of the ratio has been used to measure the difference of the ψ ′ and J/ψ polarization. All results for the muon and electron decay channels are in good agreement: their ratio, averaged over all events, is R ψ ′ (µ)/R ψ ′ (e) = 1.00 ± 0.08 ± 0.04. This result constitutes a new, direct experimental constraint on the double ratio of branching fractions, (B ′ (µ) • B(e)) / (B(µ) • B ′ (e)), of ψ ′ and J/ψ in the two channels.

2025, The European Physical Journal C

Measurements of the kinematic distributions of J /ψ mesons produced in p-C, p-Ti and p-W collisions at √ s = 41.6 GeV in the Feynman-x region -0.34 < x F < 0.14 and for transverse momentum up to p T = 5.4 GeV/c are presented. The x F and p T dependencies of the nuclear suppression parameter, α, are also given. The results are based on 2.4 × 10 5 J /ψ mesons reconstructed in both the e + e -and μ + μ -decay channels. The data have been collected by the HERA-B experiment at the HERA proton ring of the DESY laboratory. The measurement explores the negative region of x F for the first time. The average value of α in the measured x F region is 0.981 ± 0.015. The data suggest that the strong nuclear suppression of J /ψ production previously observed at high x F turns into an enhancement at negative x F .

2025, Brazilian Journal of Physics

The thermal and density corrections, in terms of the isospin chemical potential µ I , to the mass of the pions, the decay constant and different condensates are studied in the framework of the SU(2) low energy effective chiral Lagrangian at finite temperature in the two phases: The first phase |µ I | < m and the second phase |µ I | > m, being m the tree-level pion mass. As a function of temperature for µ I = 0, the mass remains quite stable, starting to grow for very high values of T , confirming previous results. However, there are interesting corrections to the mass and the other observables mentioned when both effects (temperature and chemical potential) are simultaneously present. At zero temperature the π ± should condense when µ I = ±m π . At finite T , the condensed pion acquires a thermal mass in such a way that a mixture, like in a superfluid, of a condensed and normal phase appears.

2025, Physical Review E

Motivated by recently discovered unusual properties of bulk nematic elastomers, we study a phase diagram of liquid-crystalline polymerized phantom membranes, focusing on in-plane nematic order. We predict that such membranes should generically exhibit five phases, distinguished by their conformational and in-plane orientational properties, namely isotropic-crumpled, nematic-crumpled, isotropic-flat, nematic-flat and nematic-tubule phases. In the nematic-tubule phase, the membrane is extended along the direction of spontaneous nematic order and is crumpled in the other. The associated spontaneous symmetries breaking guarantees that the nematic-tubule is characterized by a conformational-orientational soft (Goldstone) mode and the concomitant vanishing of the in-plane shear modulus. We show that long-range orientational order of the nematic-tubule is maintained even in the presence of harmonic thermal fluctuations. However, it is likely that tubule's elastic properties are qualitatively modified by these fluctuations, that can be studied using a nonlinear elastic theory for the nematic tubule phase that we derive at the end of this paper.

2025, Il Nuovo Cimento B

The energy released by the inner engine of GRBs can originate from structural readjustments inside a compact star. In particular, the formation of deconfined quark matter can liberate enough energy to power the burst. We show that the burning of a neutron star into a quark star likely proceeds as a deflagration and not as a detonation. In that way

2025, International Journal of Theoretical Physics

This work explores the strange quark stars under the Kuchowicz metric function utilizing the MIT Bag equation of state (EoS) in the context of modified f (R, L m , T) gravitational theory approach. This metric potential is regular and physically plausible. By matching the interior spacetime of the strange star to the exterior Schwarzschild spacetime, we have derived the correct form of the metric potentials. Our analysis includes findings from analytical and numerical approaches which encompasses various physical properties including energy conditions, EoS which are seen to be met within the stellar interior. To account for the stability we have considered the study of adiabetic index, surface redshift and the speed of sound with favourable outcomes. We have also shown that values of the model parameter values have significant influence on all these aspects. Thus, in f (R, L m , T) gravity, our stellar model shows promising results by adhering to the energy conditions, EoS bounds and within the stability range of surface redshift, adiabetic index and speed of sound analysis.

2025, Nuclear Physics A

The large elliptic flow observed at RHIC is considered to be evidence for almost perfect liquid behavior of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma produced in the collisions. In these proceedings we present a two parameter fit for the centrality dependence of the elliptic flow v 2 scaled by the spatial eccentricity ε. We show by comparing to viscous hydrodynamical calculations that these two parameters are in good approximation proportional to the shear viscosity over entropy ratio η/s and the ideal hydro limit of the ratio v 2 /ε.

2025, Nuclear Physics A

The effect of multiple scattering on dilepton production in hot equilibrium nuclear matter is studied. In the region of low invariant masses we consider the contribution of both decay and virtual bremsstrahlung mechanisms to the lepton pair production. It is shown that the multiple elastic scattering leads to the increase of the dilepton rate via the particle decays but it results in the suppression of the lepton pair yield due to the virtual bremsstrahlung.

2025, Physical review

Radiation processes affecting the line shapes of charmonium resonances produced in pP annihilation are considered. It is shown that only the soft infrared-enhanced radiation is important and that the pp case is simpler than the e+e case,... more

2025, Modern Physics Letters A

We present a Monte-Carlo simulation of energy deposition process in relativistic heavyion collisions based on a new realization of the Interacting Gluon Model (IGM) for high energy N-N collisions. In particular we show results for proton spectra from collisions of E lab = 200 GeV/N 32 S beam incident on 32 S target and analyze the energy and mass dependence of nuclear stopping power predicted by our model. Theoretical predictions for proton rapidity distributions of both 208 Pb +208 Pb collisions at E lab =160 GeV/N CERN SPS and 197 Au +197 Au at [Formula: see text] BNL RHIC are given.

2025

After a short presentation of the FLAG collaboration, we review lattice results related to pion, K-, Dand B-meson physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the particle-physics community. Only a selection of FLAG averages or estimates is presented. For light flavours, we present results on the form factor f + (0), arising in semileptonic K → π transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay-constants f K , f π and their ratio. The consequences of these results for the CKM matrix elements |V us | and |V ud | are discussed. For heavy flavours we focus on Dand B-meson decay constants and form factors, as well as the CKM matrix elements |V cs |, |V cd | and |V ub |. In addition we briefly cover the recent advances stemming from the calculation the B K -parameters and touch upon related current results relevant to the Physics beyond the Standard Model, which will be the subject of the next FLAG edition.

2025, arXiv (Cornell University)

Following closely the logic of the London phenomenological macroscopic theory of the Meissner effect in superconductors we describe the origin of the short-range behavior of the chromo-electric field, the necessary ingredient for color confinement in QCD. The genuinely non-Abelian model is specified by the strong-coupling colored-gluon current. Its first term, as the superconductivity current, is proportional to the gauge potential. The new term is simply related to the chromomagnetic pseudo-vector current of the non-Abelian Bianchi identity. We suggest that this London dual color superconductivity current is responsible for the observed almost perfect fluidity in droplets of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma. Its chromo-magnetic component should have a specific experimental manifestation.

2025

We use the extended statistical thermal model to describe various hadron rapidity spectra at the highest RHIC energy (200 GeV/A). The model assumes the formation of hot and dense regions moving along the beam axis with increasing rapidities, yFB. It has been earlier shown that this model can explain the net proton flow i.e. p minus pbar, ratio pbar/p and

2025, Chinese Physics C

The masses of pion and sigma meson modes, along with their dissociation in the quark medium, provide detailed spectral structures of the chiral partners. Collectivity has been observed in pA and pp systems both at LHC and RHIC. In this research, we studied the restoration of chiral symmetry by investigating the finite size effect on the detailed structure of chiral partners in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Their diffusion and conduction have been studied using this dissociation mechanism. It is determined that the masses, widths, diffusion coefficients, and conductivities of chiral partners merge at different temperatures in the restoration phase of chiral symmetry. However, merging points are shifted to lower temperatures when finite size effect is introduced into the picture. The strengths of diffusions and conductions are also reduced once the finite size is introduced in the calculations.

2025, Few-Body Systems

The properties of net kaon fluctuations in nuclear matter has been studied within Polyakov loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The ratio of fourth order moment to second order moment (kurtosis) and the third order moment to the second order moment (skewness) of strangeness fluctuations have been calculated and compared with the recent experimental results.

2025, Physical Review C

We study the correlations between quark-antiquark pairs in different quantum number channels in a deconfined plasma by using an effective model of QCD. Using the three flavour PNJL model, the finite temperature spectral functions for different mesonic states are studied at zero and nonzero quark chemical potentials. It is found that in the η channel resonance structures survive above the chiral transition temperature Tχ, while the kaonic states seem to get washed off just above Tχ. The sensitivity of the structures to the anomaly term are carefully investigated.

2025, The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

The present study was conducted during kharif 2013, kharif 2014 and kharif 2015 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate four American cotton genotypes and to determine which have the greatest relative values of favourable alleles for the improvement of number of bolls/plant, boll weight (g), 2.5% span length (mm), bundle strength (g/tex), seed cotton yield/plant (g) and lint yield/plant (g) in the elite single cross cotton hybrid (NA 1325 × L 604). Based on the estimates of μG’ values the genotype Surabhi was noted with positive high μG’ value and may be used as source of favourable alleles for improving elite hybrid with respect to quality traits like bundle strength (μG’=1.830*) and 2.5% span length (μG’=1.325*). This improvement may be possible by transferring favourable alleles from Surabhi to NA 1325 through back crossing as it had high genetic affinity with NA 1325. For number of bolls/...

2025, International Journal of Theoretical Physics

This brief report is an extension of studies of J/Ψ, Ψ(2S) production in pp collisions at the BNL with E= √ s=200 GeV to E=510 GeV at PHENIX.

2025

Theoretical models suggest that the Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD) phase diagram has a critical point demarcating the order of transition between the two phases: the hadron gas, in which the quarks are confined and the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). The central goal of the experiments with relativistic heavy-ion collisions is to create and study such form of matter called the QGP and understand the QCD phase diagram. The STAR (Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC) detector is pertinent for the RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) energy scan program where we plan to explore this exciting physics possibility using heavy-ion collisions at various center of mass energies. A first test run with Au+Au collisions at √ s N N = 9.2 GeV took place in early 2008. We present the recent STAR results from this run of the identified particles (pion, kaon and proton) transverse momentum spectra and ratios. Also we shall present and discuss the results of the azimuthal anisotropy parameters (v 1 , v 2 ) along with the pion interferometry measurements. These recent results from Au+Au collisions at √ s N N = 9.2 GeV are compared with other SPS and RHIC measurements.

2025

We propose a theoretical framework for a new state of matter-Electronless Nuclear Matter (ENM)-where bare atomic nuclei are stably confined and bonded through structured magnetic fields, without the involvement of electrons. We formulate five fundamental laws governing the organization, stability, and bonding of such nuclei in high-intensity magnetic traps. A modified Schrödinger equation is introduced to describe the quantum behavior of bare nuclei under magnetic confinement, and a new class of magnetic potential wells is proposed as the organizing principle of nuclear lattices. We predict the emergence of nuclear crystals, exotic magnetic phases, and resonance modes unique to this electronless regime. This paradigm opens the possibility of a magneto-nuclear periodic table, redefines the concept of chemical bonding, and suggests the existence of matter in forms previously considered impossible. The framework has potential implications in astrophysical environments such as magnetars, as well as in ultrahigh-field laboratory experiments. This work invites experimentalists and theorists to explore post-electronic architectures of matter governed purely by nuclear and magnetic interactions.

2025, Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

Hadronic to quark matter phase transition may occur inside neutron stars (NS) having central densities of the order of 3-10 times normal nuclear matter saturation density (n 0 ). The transition is expected to be a two-step process; transition from hadronic to 2-flavour matter and two-flavour to β equilibrated charge neutral three-flavour matter. In this paper we concentrate on the first step process and solve the relativistic hydrodynamic equations for the conversion front in presence of high magnetic field. Lorentz force due to magnetic field is included in the energy momentum tensor by averaging over the polar angles. We find that for an initial dipole configuration of the magnetic field with a sufficiently high value at the surface, velocity of the front increases considerably.

2025, Nuclear Physics A

A two phase cascade, LUCIFER I1 [l], developed for the treatment of ultra high energy Ion-Ion collisions is applied to the production of strangeness at SPS energies 6 = 17-20. This simulation is able to simultaneously describe both hard processes such as Drell-Yan and slower, soft processes such as the production of light mesons by separating the dynamics into two steps, a fast cascade involving only the nucleons in the original colliding relativistic ions followed, after an appropriate delay, by a normal multiscattering of the resulting excited baryons and mesons produced virtually in the first step. No energy loss can take place in the short time interval over which the first cascade takes place. The chief result is a reconciliation of the important Drell-Yan measurements with the apparent success of standard cascades to describe the nucleon stopping and meson production in heavy ion experiments at the CERN SPS.

2025, arXiv (Cornell University)

Multiplicity dependencies of midrapidity p t distributions of identified charged particles in inelastic proton-proton (p+p) collisions at center-of-mass energy (s) 1/2 =7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), measured by ALICE Collaboration, have been analyzed. The combined minimum χ 2 fits with thermodynamically consistent Tsallis function as well as Hagedorn function with the embedded transverse flow have described quite well the p t spectra of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons in the studied ten different classes of charged-particle multiplicity density. The extracted effective temperatures T of thermodynamically consistent Tsallis function have demonstrated consistent rise with increasing the multiplicity of charged particles in p+p collisions at (s) 1/2 =7 TeV in agreement with the similar result obtained recently in p+p collisions at (s) 1/2 =13 TeV at the LHC. The corresponding T versus <dN ch /d> dependence in inelastic p+p collisions at (s) 1/2 =7 TeV is reproduced quite well by the simple power function with the same value (≈ 1/3) of exponent parameter as that extracted in inelastic p+p collisions at (s) 1/2 =13 TeV. The same power dependence between the energy density and effective temperature of the system is observed in inelastic p+p collisions at (s) 1/2 =7 and 13 TeV. It is found that the transverse (radial) flow emerges at <dN ch /d>  6 and then increases, becoming significant at higher multiplicity events in p+p collisions at (s) 1/2 =7 TeV. It is estimated from analysis of T 0 and 〈 〉 versus <dN ch /d> dependencies that the probable deconfinement phase transition in p+p collisions at (s) 1/2 =7 TeV occurs at <dN ch /d>  6.1±0.3, which is noticeably smaller of the corresponding recent estimate (<dN ch /d>  7.1±0.2) in p+p collisions at (s) 1/2 =13 TeV. The corresponding critical energy densities for probable deconfinement phase transition in p+p collisions at (s) 1/2 =7 and 13 TeV at the LHC have been estimated to be 0.67±0.03 GeV/fm 3 and 0.76±0.02 GeV/fm 3 , respectively.

2025, arXiv (Cornell University)

We derive a gauge-invariant low-energy effective model of the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. We find that the effective gluon propagator belongs to the Gribov-Stingl type, irrespective of the gauge choice. In the maximally Abelian gauge, especially, we demonstrate that the model exhibits both quark confinement and gluon confinement: the Wilson loop average has area law and the Schwinger function violates reflection positivity. Moreover, we give a formula for the string tension calculable from the gluon propagator of the gauge-invariant field strength and gives a good estimate for the string tension. We discuss if quark confinement and gluon confinement are of the same origin attributed to the gluon propagator in the deep infrared momentum region.

2025, Physical review

We present results from simulations of Two Color QCD with two Wilson quark flavors in the presence of a quark chemical potential µ at two different lattice spacings. The equation of state, conformal anomaly, superfluid order parameter and Polyakov line are all discussed. Our results suggest that the transition from hadronic to quark matter, and that from confined to deconfined matter occur at distinct values of µ, consistent with the existence of a quarkyonic phase in this model.

2025, arXiv (Cornell University)

The DESY-Swansea Collaboration performed numerical simulations investigating SU(2) lattice gauge theory at non-zero chemical potential with one staggered quark flavour in the adjoint representation. This lattice model has similar features to QCD itself and its study gives interesting insights into some open problems of high density quark matter. In particular the rôle of the "sign problem" can be clarified in connection with diquark condensation and the phase diagram.

2025, Physical Review D

2025, The European Physical Journal A

Results are presented from a numerical study of lattice QCD with gauge group SU(2) and two flavors of Wilson fermion at non-zero quark chemical potential µ ≫ T . Studies of the equation of state, the superfluid condensate, and the Polyakov line all suggest that in addition to the low density phase of Bose-condensed diquark baryons, there is a deconfined phase at higher quark density in which quarks form a degenerate system, whose Fermi surface is only mildly disrupted by Cooper pair condensation.

2025