Religion and State Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, קובץ הרצאות כנס אילא 2004 - הכנס הלאומי לטכנולוגיית המידע

מרכז זהויות לאומי

2025, SHS Web of Conferences

By the first half of the eighteenth century, lineages of the Buddhist Vinaya school (Lüzong) took hold in several monasteries in Beijing. However, when the Yongzheng emperor designed a grand ordination ceremony to be held in 1734 he opted... more

By the first half of the eighteenth century, lineages of the Buddhist Vinaya school (Lüzong) took hold in several monasteries in Beijing. However, when the Yongzheng emperor designed a grand ordination ceremony to be held in 1734 he opted to summon a Vinaya patriarch from a distant Mt Baohua near Nanjing. This article aims to provide an explanation for such a choice by means of exploring the image of relevant Vinaya monasteries in the eyes of early Qing emperors, relying mainly on the evidence in the gazetteers of these monasteries. Our findings show that Vinaya monasteries in Beijing, such as Tanzhe, Guangji, and Minzhong, enjoyed considerable imperial patronage. At the same time, only Minzhong monastery was perceived as a purely Vinaya site, while the image of its counterparts was rather heterogeneous. The main advantage that could have singled out the abbot of Mt Baohua Fuju (1686–1765) was the first full-fledged school genealogy that he compiled in 1733, while other monasteries ...

2025, A Chinese Reformer in Exile: Kang Youwei and the Chinese Empire Reform Association in North America, 1899–1911

The downfall of the One Hundred Days of Reform in 1898 was a turning point in China’s history. As Kang Youwei and his followers moved into the non-Chinese world in search of support from foreign governments and Chinese overseas, they... more

The downfall of the One Hundred Days of Reform in 1898 was a turning point in China’s history. As Kang Youwei and his followers moved into the non-Chinese world in search of support from foreign governments and Chinese overseas, they found themselves in competition with Sun Yatsen and his revolutionists. Political organization, financial capital, and astute leadership, as well as clearly defined programs and goals, were all needed, and Kang had an advantage over other exiled figures. Although his movement was eventually superseded by the revolutionists, it realized considerable momentum and support. The fact that Kang’s reforms were met with conservative Qing authorities’ obstruction created a more radicalized atmosphere for those of a revolutionary bent. The Baohuanghui (Society to Protect the Emperor) thus served as an important intermediary link between the years when reform was popular until the point when revolution was unavoidable. In the 2010s, Kang has been celebrated in docudrama and opera. Museums have opened in Kang’s honor in his last home in Qingdao and his native village in Nanhai, where a kind of Kang theme park has been built. And there is now an ideological faction in the People’s Republic of China among “New Confucian” academics who call themselves “Kangists” or members of the “Kang Dang” (Kang Party) and embody the “Kang Fever,” yet seemingly reject most of Kang's political reform proposals. The Introduction also introduces the authors and contributors, notes their approach and sources, and outlines the Structure of the book

2025, A Chinese Reformer in Exile: Kang Youwei and the Chinese Empire Reform Association in North America, 1899–1911

Kang Youwei’s journey from village organizer to international politician evolved between 1883 and 1899. The prelude describes Kang's personal development from son of a distinguished literary family in Guangdong to impassioned political... more

Kang Youwei’s journey from village organizer to international politician evolved between 1883 and 1899. The prelude describes Kang's personal development from son of a distinguished literary family in Guangdong to impassioned political crusader whose radical advice to the emperor and success at organizing his compatriots to back visionary reform policies sent him fleeing into a fifteen-year exile. Rather than retreating as a solitary voice in exile, Kang arrived in North America in 1899 and turned to his fellow countrymen to unite in an association to promote Chinese political reform from abroad.

2025, A Chinese Reformer in Exile: Kang Youwei and the Chinese Empire Reform Association in North America, 1899–1911

The Baohuanghui network in Latin America was extensive, with twenty-five chapters in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America. But Mexico, with at least twelve chapters, was Kang Youwei's focus. He made two months-long visits... more

The Baohuanghui network in Latin America was extensive, with twenty-five chapters in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America. But Mexico, with at least twelve chapters, was Kang Youwei's focus. He made two months-long visits between 1905 and 1907, basing himself in Torreón in the northern state of Coahuila, the lead Mexican chapter. Encouraged by local Chinese, Kang exercised his entrepreneurial ambitions in several Baohuanghui business ventures. Kang was lured by the dream that such activities could be supported by the seemingly easy profits to be made in Mexico by buying and selling land, establishing a bank that could engage in currency trading with Baohuanghui banks in New York and Hong Kong, and winning concessions to build streetcar lines in Torreón and a steamship line between Mexico and China. Welcomed both as a statesman and an international capitalist, Kang met President Porfirio Díaz, who endorsed Kang's hopes for increased Chinese migration to and investment in Mexico. However, the urgent capital demands of the Mexican businesses were not met and, instead of strengthening the Baohuanghui business network, they were a major cause of its failure. Kang's Mexican dream came crashing down in May 1911 when revolutionary troops stormed Torreón and massacred more than 300 Chinese, including many Baohuanghui followers and two of Kang's relatives.

2025, A Chinese Reformer in Exile: Kang Youwei and the Chinese Empire Reform Association in North America, 1899–1911

The U.S. government’s Chinese Exclusion policy became a rallying cry for Chinese nationalism. Few knew that a telegram sent by Kang Youwei from Los Angeles in May 1905 set in motion a chain reaction connecting Kang, his top disciple,... more

The U.S. government’s Chinese Exclusion policy became a rallying cry for Chinese nationalism. Few knew that a telegram sent by Kang Youwei from Los Angeles in May 1905 set in motion a chain reaction connecting Kang, his top disciple, Liang Qichao, and other Baohuanghui activists around the world, with the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce that led to a boycott in China of American-made goods. This was the first mass movement in China, and much of the boycott’s earliest ideology, strategy, financial backing, propaganda and information channels, and a few of its key personnel, came from Baohuanghui sources. Beginning in 1903, Baohuanghui leaders educated their members about Chinese exclusion, but it was Kang who made the amelioration of racist exclusion policies a central issue during his travels in the United States, when he directly addressed both the American public and their political leaders, while rallying members to support the boycott.

2025, A Chinese Reformer in Exile: Kang Youwei and the Chinese Empire Reform Association in North America, 1899–1911

At several stages during his exile, Kang Youwei decided that militant means were necessary to achieve his goal of restoring the Guangxu Emperor to the throne. When the anti-foreign Boxer movement became violent in 1900, Kang saw an... more

At several stages during his exile, Kang Youwei decided that militant means were necessary to achieve his goal of restoring the Guangxu Emperor to the throne. When the anti-foreign Boxer movement became violent in 1900, Kang saw an opportunity for his own armed uprising to overthrow the Empress Dowager Cixi and restore the Guangxu Emperor. In response to threats on his life by Qing agents, Kang reciprocated with his own plans to have Cixi and her close advisor Ronglu assassinated. Even more secretive were Kang’s efforts to assassinate his political foe, Sun Yatsen. Finally, Kang's idea of establishing military academies overseas to train Chinese men as the backbone of a strong, modern Chinese military came to fruition during the years 1903 to 1905 with the Western Military Academy. Fighting back proved as attractive to Baohuanghui followers as to Sun’s, and it was not difficult to recruit participants in uprisings, assassination plots, and military training.

2025, A Chinese Reformer in Exile: Kang Youwei and the Chinese Empire Reform Association in North America, 1899–1911

By the time Kang Youwei returned to North America in November 1904, he had traveled to twenty-four countries and territories in Europe, Asia, and Africa. In part to elude Qing assassins, he moved from one place to another, but he also... more

By the time Kang Youwei returned to North America in November 1904, he had traveled to twenty-four countries and territories in Europe, Asia, and Africa. In part to elude Qing assassins, he moved from one place to another, but he also wanted to satisfy his prodigious curiosity about the world. During the years from 1899 to 1904, Kang used the telegraph and the mails to direct the worldwide expansion of the Baohuanghui and its manifold activities, which included an uprising in 1900 and the inauguration of a business conglomerate in 1904.

2025, A Chinese Reformer in Exile

Kang Youwei, exiled from his own country in September 1898, arrived in Canada in April 1899 and that July founded the Baohuanghui (Society to Protect the Emperor), also known as the Chinese Empire Reform Association. Canada was where... more

Kang Youwei, exiled from his own country in September 1898, arrived in Canada in April 1899 and that July founded the Baohuanghui (Society to Protect the Emperor), also known as the Chinese Empire Reform Association. Canada was where Kang’s ambitions as a politician addressing the Chinese common man were awakened. His political program was radicalized by his early experiences in Canada, both from his new-found empathy for the challenges faced by Chinese in North America and his first exposure to a Western democracy in action. He formed long-lasting ties with prominent Victoria and Vancouver, British Columbia, Chinese and entrusted them with significant power and responsibility over his organization. Eventually, at least fifty-five Canadian Baohuanghui chapters were established in many small towns in British Columbia and in major cities across the country. Both an articulate, urbane envoy to the West and practical politician seeking recruits among Chinese living abroad to the cause of constitutional reform in Qing dynasty China, Kang entered the New World.

2025

Yigal Bin-Nun Le judaïsme rabbinique entre continuités et ruptures D'un point de vue historique, le judaïsme n'a cessé de se transformer, souvent de manière implicite, la halakha évoluant sous la pression des réalités sociales. Ces... more

Yigal Bin-Nun Le judaïsme rabbinique entre continuités et ruptures
D'un point de vue historique, le judaïsme n'a cessé de se transformer, souvent de manière implicite, la halakha évoluant sous la pression des réalités sociales. Ces évolutions ont fréquemment conduit à un isolement croissant des Juifs vis-à-vis de leur environnement non juif ou laïc. Certaines communautés ont préféré adopter le principe selon lequel, en cas de conflit entre la loi religieuse et la loi de l'État, c'est cette dernière qui prévaut, adaptant ainsi la jurisprudence rabbinique en conséquence.
En même temps, le libéralisme et l’humanisme n’ont pas su proposer une réponse intellectuelle solide face à la montée du religieux et à ses effets délétères. Le libéralisme, l’humanisme et le progrès scientifique n’ont pas constitué un rempart suffisant contre la montée du racisme et de la violence. Mais il n’est pas improbable que le monde religieux s’effondre de l’intérieur, sans intervention extérieure.
Nombreux sont ceux qui affirment, à juste titre, qu’un État juif ne peut être pleinement démocratique, et qu’un État véritablement démocratique ne saurait être juif par essence. Plus encore – aussi paradoxal que cela puisse paraître – un judaïsme fondé sur une conscience exilique ne peut pleinement s’épanouir dans un État souverain, et un État souverain ne peut se définir comme juif sans contradictions internes.

2025

On the question of the relationship between religion and the state, Hegel follows his modern philosophical predecessors in trying to dim the conflictual potential of religion and promote its integrative function. To achieve this, he... more

On the question of the relationship between religion and the state, Hegel follows his modern philosophical predecessors in trying to dim the conflictual potential of religion and promote its integrative function. To achieve this, he converts both the state and religion into one common denominator: the notion of freedom. The aim of the first part of this paper is to show how this starting point enables Hegel to analyze both the interdependence and simultaneous difference and tension between state and religion. This tension need not, I argue, merely threaten freedom, but enhances it and necessarily adheres to it. The second part of the paper is devoted to the question to what extent freedom as premise and Hegel's subsequent analyses retain their validity in our own time, which differs from the first half of the nineteenth century by a more advanced degree of secularization of society on the one hand, and a much greater religious pluralism on the other.

2025

Revised draft of my paper on the meaning of the Book of Esther in relationship to the Iran-Israel War of June, 2025.

2025, nuovo giornale nazionale

L'ultima parte del mio studio teologico sui rapporti tra monoteismo e libertà religiosa nel corso dei secoli

2025, nuovo giornale nazionale

La seconda parte dello studio sul rapporto tra monoteismo e libertà religiosa

2025, 《中國大陸研究》卷68期1

本文以2000∼2020 年為段落，探討香港佛教面對民族主義時政治表 達上的演變。文章十年為一段，選取兩個時段數項具政治認同象徵意義的 佛教事例，分析其事態、含義及演變。2000 年代是以佛寺建築「仿唐」 說、消音香港佛像的混血藝術家、佛誕日列公眾假期，及佛教推動刑事 取締民間佛教數例，來分析仍然是本地僧侶代表香港佛教時，除了在官式 場合作審慎表達外，是如何迴避並讓路民族主義，以與之保持相當距離。 進入2010 年代，「一帶一路」戰略涵蓋東南亞佛教地區，中國佛教有了... more

本文以2000∼2020 年為段落，探討香港佛教面對民族主義時政治表
達上的演變。文章十年為一段，選取兩個時段數項具政治認同象徵意義的
佛教事例，分析其事態、含義及演變。2000 年代是以佛寺建築「仿唐」
說、消音香港佛像的混血藝術家、佛誕日列公眾假期，及佛教推動刑事
取締民間佛教數例，來分析仍然是本地僧侶代表香港佛教時，除了在官式
場合作審慎表達外，是如何迴避並讓路民族主義，以與之保持相當距離。
進入2010 年代，「一帶一路」戰略涵蓋東南亞佛教地區，中國佛教有了
需配合此戰略的政治統戰角色，而「中國香港」作為地緣上最靠近這地區
的都會，其佛教在宗教外交或統戰上，需肩負建立中國海外「信仰版圖」
的政治角色。因此香港佛教需要對民族主義有更明確的支持態度，從此前
「讓路」以保持距離轉為表忠，改以宣傳英治歧視來高舉民族主義紅旗為
「佛陀」開路。所以除了由政治上北京可信任，持海外高學歷的中國菁英
僧侶接棒香港佛教的核心領導層，來展開對港和對外的宗教統戰工作外，
亦需要藉《華人廟宇條例》、佛誕假期的政治含意，及香港東西方宗教差
異等例，來宣傳佛教作為華人宗教代表，在英治時期如何深受歧視之民族
主義論述，儘管這與事實不符

2025, 《中國大陸研究》卷68期1

本文以2000∼2020 年為段落，探討香港佛教面對民族主義時政治表 達上的演變。文章十年為一段，選取兩個時段數項具政治認同象徵意義的 佛教事例，分析其事態、含義及演變。2000 年代是以佛寺建築「仿唐」 說、消音香港佛像的混血藝術家、佛誕日列公眾假期，及佛教推動刑事 取締民間佛教數例，來分析仍然是本地僧侶代表香港佛教時，除了在官式 場合作審慎表達外，是如何迴避並讓路民族主義，以與之保持相當距離。 進入2010 年代，「一帶一路」戰略涵蓋東南亞佛教地區，中國佛教有了... more

本文以2000∼2020 年為段落，探討香港佛教面對民族主義時政治表
達上的演變。文章十年為一段，選取兩個時段數項具政治認同象徵意義的
佛教事例，分析其事態、含義及演變。2000 年代是以佛寺建築「仿唐」
說、消音香港佛像的混血藝術家、佛誕日列公眾假期，及佛教推動刑事
取締民間佛教數例，來分析仍然是本地僧侶代表香港佛教時，除了在官式
場合作審慎表達外，是如何迴避並讓路民族主義，以與之保持相當距離。
進入2010 年代，「一帶一路」戰略涵蓋東南亞佛教地區，中國佛教有了
需配合此戰略的政治統戰角色，而「中國香港」作為地緣上最靠近這地區
的都會，其佛教在宗教外交或統戰上，需肩負建立中國海外「信仰版圖」
的政治角色。因此香港佛教需要對民族主義有更明確的支持態度，從此前
「讓路」以保持距離轉為表忠，改以宣傳英治歧視來高舉民族主義紅旗為
「佛陀」開路。所以除了由政治上北京可信任，持海外高學歷的中國菁英
僧侶接棒香港佛教的核心領導層，來展開對港和對外的宗教統戰工作外，
亦需要藉《華人廟宇條例》、佛誕假期的政治含意，及香港東西方宗教差
異等例，來宣傳佛教作為華人宗教代表，在英治時期如何深受歧視之民族
主義論述，儘管這與事實不符

2025

The sixth Ukrainian president entered politics as a person with no interest in religion beyond Instagram photos of Easter baskets and no religious agenda in his program beyond the celebration of Ukraine’s religious diversity. His victory... more

2025, Universidade Estadual de Maringá

The history of Christianity in the first half of the second century is marked by local clashes, accusations in court and slanders that made the name "Christian" reason for condemnation. Trajan, Hadrian and Antoninus Pius made their... more

The history of Christianity in the first half of the second century is marked by local clashes, accusations in court and slanders that made the name "Christian" reason for condemnation. Trajan, Hadrian and Antoninus Pius made their recommendations to local governments to discourage the expansion of new superstitio of the Christians who showed aversion to the gods, traditions, public celebrations and the imperial cult. No persecution in fact should have been established; anonymous reports should not have been accepted and if any Christian abandoned the faith they should have been forgiven; however, those who refused to abandon their faith were punished with the death penalty according to the judgment of each magistrate. During this period, some Christians with high education produced writings in defense of their faith. Justin wrote twice to the Emperor Antoninus and his sons between the years 154 and 161 AD. In "Apologies" he criticizes the attitudes of the rulers for accepting the slander of the masses who were accusing the Christians. The Christian fidelity to the Empire is ratified and he highlights the collaboration of the faithful in the maintenance of order. Through this research on the relationship between religion and control as seen in the antichristian actions reported in the writings of Justin, it is noted that this type of action was essential to the social function of the Christian religion to be thought in your apologetic discourse. It seeks to justify the condemnation of the gods and the immorality represented by them. In attention to the questions of intellectuals and men of letters of his age, the irrational behaviors and immoral aspects of the pagan beliefs are pointed by the apologist, while the Christian faith is presented in rational contours, making it a divine philosophy and superior to the other. In this sense, the Christian belief in an absolute God who is just and omniscient appears as an instrument with the ability to teach and demand morality from its followers, while they are awaiting the eternal reward and actively trying to move away from divine condemnation. It is then that their religion begins to be thought of as a substitute for pagan beliefs, which are pointed out as incoherent with the order in the Empire.

2025, Toplum ve Bilim

Kökleri İmparatorluk Dönemine uzanan bir tarihsel birikime dayanan sekülerleşme süreci, Kemalist Tek Parti Döneminde Cumhuriyet’i tarif eden temel unsurlardan birisi haline gelir. Cumhuriyet’in kuruluş evresinde sekülerlik, modern ve... more

Kökleri İmparatorluk Dönemine uzanan bir tarihsel birikime dayanan sekülerleşme süreci, Kemalist Tek Parti Döneminde Cumhuriyet’i tarif eden temel unsurlardan birisi haline gelir. Cumhuriyet’in kuruluş evresinde sekülerlik, modern ve milli bir ulus inşasının kritik enstrümanlarından birisi olarak konumlandırılarak eski rejimle Cumhuriyet arasındaki düşünsel bağı koparmak ve kitleleri yeni rejime entegre etmek adına dinî alanı yeniden düzenlemek isteyen Kemalist elitin toplumsal ve siyasal koşullarla bağlantılı biçimde yeni bir dinî anlayışı yerleşik hale getirmesine yönelik uygulamalarla somutlaşır. Bu cihetle doğru dinî bilgi ile hurafe arasında ikili karşıtlık kurularak, merkezi bürokrasi içinde doğru dinî bilginin üretilip dolaşıma sokulması hedeflenir. Bunun sonucu olarak Kemalist kadrolar, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı dolayımıyla cumhuriyet rejiminin oluşumundan itibaren muteber bir din adamı çerçevesi belirlemiş ve toplumsal yaşamı düzenleyen dinî referansların bu uygunluk kriteri doğrultusunda harekete geçirilmesini amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışma 1929’da makbul bir din adamı olarak görülerek Bursa Müftülüğüne atanan Nurettin Borar’ın 1933’te tam tersi bir kanaat oluşması neticesinde görevinden azledilip yargılanmasına giden süreci merkezine alarak, muteber din adamı tanımının rejimin yapısı bağlamında nasıl değişip dönüşen bir görünüm ihtiva ettiğini arşiv malzemelerine dayanarak ortaya koyuyor. Buna ek olarak, muteber din adamı çerçevesi belirlemenin Tek Parti İktidarı dönemiyle sınırlı kalmadığına dair örnekleri gün ışığına çıkararak Cumhuriyet rejiminin yüz yıllık bakiyesini bu zaviyeden inceliyor ve muteber din adamlarının rejimin ahengini koruma misyonuyla Cumhuriyet’in sekülerlik bağlamında yüz yıllık bir birikim yarattığına işaret ederek, Cumhuriyet rejimini anlamanın alternatif bir yolu olarak muteber olma mefhumunun kendisini tartışmaya açıyor.

2025

Introduction California Polytechnic State University has an earned reputation as a proponent of the hands-on, laboratory-based, learn-by-doing approach to education. We have also won a reputation as a college whose students are steeped in... more

Introduction California Polytechnic State University has an earned reputation as a proponent of the hands-on, laboratory-based, learn-by-doing approach to education. We have also won a reputation as a college whose students are steeped in open-ended problems and underpinned by an understanding of design and the process of design. Design exposures for General Engineering students start in the second quarter of the freshman year. This early exposure is a retention tool, as it helps students begin to understand a facet of their professional life, and provides a glimpse at the world of the professional engineer. It provides a simple answer to the basic question “What will I do as an engineer?” Furthermore, the exposure provides connection to industry. The challenges students address in the class are components of problems provided by industry. This connection provides an answer to the question “What sort of companies will I work for?” In addition the exposure provides a segue to a conti...

2025

This academic paper provides an extended summary of the author's original dissertation examining the unique governance model of the Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS), a statutory religious body functioning within Singapore's secular and... more

This academic paper provides an extended summary of the author's original dissertation examining the unique governance model of the Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS), a statutory religious body functioning within Singapore's secular and centralized state. It investigates MUIS as a hybrid institution that straddles both state and community interests, and evaluates this model through decentralization theory, corporatism, and the role of religion in public administration. Drawing on qualitative data from interviews with MUIS employees, this paper demonstrates how current public administration frameworks fall short in explaining MUIS's operations. The findings advocate for an extension of Ongaro and Tantardini's multi-level analysis framework to accommodate such hybrid religio-administrative structures.

2025, Religions

The questions that motivated us are centered on how the process of regulating religion is configured in a context of greater diversity, and on considering what the responses are in the state management of religious diversity in different... more

The questions that motivated us are centered on how the process of regulating religion is configured in a context of greater diversity, and on considering what the responses are in the state management of religious diversity in different latitudes, considering the historical, political, cultural and religious particularities in each place on the map.
We aimed at encouraging reflections that derive from research at the local level, because it is here where the processes of regulating religion can materialize and the range of interactions between state agents and religious actors are reflected.

2025

Głównym celem opracowania jest analiza sytuacji społeczno-politycznej w Polsce po wyborach parlamentarnych z 2023 r. W drugiej połowie XX wieku dominował w wielu krajach (Austria, Hiszpania, Niemcy, Włochy) model partii chadeckich, które... more

Głównym celem opracowania jest analiza sytuacji społeczno-politycznej w Polsce po wyborach parlamentarnych z 2023 r. W drugiej połowie XX wieku dominował w wielu krajach (Austria, Hiszpania, Niemcy, Włochy) model partii chadeckich, które w dużym stopniu odwoływały się do katolickiej nauki społecznej. W latach 90. ubiegłego stulecia rozpadła się Chrześcijańska Demokracja w kraju nad Tybrem. Także w innych krajach partie chadeckie przeżywają od wielu lat swój kryzys tożsamościowy. Dzisiaj trzeba wypracować nowy model partii centroprawicowych i określić dopasowany do obecnych warunków przekaz światopoglądowy.

2025, The Politics and Religion Journal

2025, Journal of Islamic Political Studies

The present study aims at investigating the sovereignty and Theo-democracy in Sayyid Abul-Aꜥla Mawdudi’s thought. The research method is descriptive-analytical and shows that Sayyid Abul-Aꜥla Mawdudi has founded his political theory on... more

The present study aims at investigating the sovereignty and Theo-democracy in Sayyid Abul-Aꜥla Mawdudi’s thought. The research method is descriptive-analytical and shows that Sayyid Abul-Aꜥla Mawdudi has founded his political theory on the divine absolute sovereignty, but along with the divine absolute sovereignty, it tries to use mechanisms such as caliphate and council to fix the people’s position in that theory. According to his theory, although sovereignty belongs specifically to God, the man can be enforcer of divine commands if he has the qualifications for divine caliphate. Accordingly, one cannot classify Mawdudi’s theory merely under the theories pertaining to theocracy. Mawdudi who was attentive of this fact, fabricated the term theo-democracy in addition to using theocracy. Altogether, we can consider Mawdudi’s view as the closest one to the Shiite view among the Sunnites’ views. This is while in the position of comparison, Mawdudi has not remained faithful to his own theoretical foundations.

2025, Fifth International ISFORB Conference

How governments recognise and legally register religious communities tends to determine the extent that adherents can exercise their right to FoRB, typically leading to disenfranchising religions that fall outside the mainstream. The... more

How governments recognise and legally register religious communities tends to determine the extent that adherents can exercise their right to FoRB, typically leading to disenfranchising religions that fall outside the mainstream. The paper stems from doctoral research that involved interviews with members of new religious movements and minority religious communities who have faced struggles in gaining recognition or registration. It analyses the positive and negative impacts of state policies across various countries, comparing conditions in Europe with other regions. Using empirical data, the paper explores how vulnerable communities view the role of state recognition and registration in enabling discrimination and violent persecution. Using examples from cases lodged with the Strasbourg Court and the UN Human Rights Committee, the paper will highlight what types of religious communities tend to be impacted by exclusionary recognition and registration policies. It aims to demonstrate that recognition and registration issues appear across authoritarian, semi-authoritarian and democratic states but in different and to varying severities. It aims to show that human rights violations resulting from recognition or registration practices range from minor to grave and are not limited to breaches of FoRB but can be detrimental to conditions of other fundamental rights. By highlighting some of the most pressing recognition and registration issues and detailing their impacts, the paper addresses many broader, ongoing challenges in protecting FoRB, including practically maintaining religious pluralism and multiculturalism in the face of social backlash, anti-cult campaigns, cultural relativism and governments favouring established or traditional religions.

2025

This article focuses on the Waqf Amendment Bill, 2025, from the perspectives of public reaction, legislative reform, and judicial review. It examines the proposed modifications under the new amendment, the constitutional issues brought... more

This article focuses on the Waqf Amendment Bill, 2025, from the perspectives of public reaction, legislative reform, and judicial review. It examines the proposed modifications under the new amendment, the constitutional issues brought before the Supreme Court. The article highlights the conflicts between minority rights, religious autonomy, and government while also reflecting on popular and political reactions.

2025

Tarih boyunca, devletler çoğunlukla kendi egemenlikleri altında birden fazla kültürel kimliğe sahip toplulukları barındırmıştır. Bu nedenle, kültürel çeşitliliklere ilişkin bir politika geliştirmek, devletlerin temel görevlerinden... more

Tarih boyunca, devletler çoğunlukla kendi egemenlikleri altında birden fazla kültürel kimliğe sahip toplulukları barındırmıştır. Bu nedenle, kültürel çeşitliliklere ilişkin bir politika geliştirmek, devletlerin temel görevlerinden biridir. Bu durum, çok kültürlülük tartışmalarını devlet ve siyaset teorisinin önemli konularından biri haline getirmektedir. Çok kültürlülük, hukuk teorisi açısından da önemli olabilmekte çünkü devletlerin hukuk politikalarında da farklılaşmayı, başka bir ifadeyle hukuki çoğulluğu beraberinde getirebilmektedir. Çok kültürlülüğün hukuk alanındaki yansıması olarak hukuki çoğulluk, genellikle sömürge-sonrası devletlerde, mevcut hukuk sisteminin yanında dini, geleneksel ya da yerlilere özgü hukukun uygulanması olarak tezahür etmektedir. Benzerleri farklı ülkelerde görülen, Birleşik Krallık'ta son yıllarda artışa geçen sayılarıyla Müslüman topluluk için faaliyet gösteren Şeriat Konseylerinin hukuki çoğulluk uygulaması olarak görülüp görülemeyeceği tartışılması gereken önemli sorulardan biridir. Birleşik Krallık'ta yaşayan Müslümanlara ait özel hukuk uyuşmazlıklarını çözüme kavuşturmak için çalışan, özellikle büyük oranda kadınlardan gelen İslami boşanma taleplerini inceleyen Şeriat Konseyleri, "herkes için tek hukuk (one law for all)" ilkesini ihlal etme tehlikesini barındırması ve kadın haklarının ihlali endişesiyle eleştirilmiştir. Söz konusu eleştiriler, insan hakları ile çok kültürlülük ya da daha geniş anlamda insan hakları ile kültürel görecilik arasındaki tartışmayı gündeme getirmektedir.

2025, LAS ARTES DE BUEN VIVIR (Y SUS IMPUGNACIONES)

Sumándose a la propuesta de explorar las concepciones relativas al buen vivir existentes en distintos universos religiosos, este trabajo se centra en el campo evangélico, abordando el tema desde el punto de vista de los productores de... more

Sumándose a la propuesta de explorar las concepciones relativas al buen vivir existentes en distintos universos religiosos, este trabajo se centra en el campo evangélico, abordando el tema desde el punto de vista de los productores de cultura escrita.
Para contar con parámetros que guíen y estructuren la reflexión, se utilizará el concepto de moral, en el sentido amplio dado por Taylor (2006) para describir aquello que hace que la vida sea percibida como significativa. Partiendo de la premisa de que la respuesta a dicha cuestión determina en gran medida las elecciones de los sujetos en términos de actividades, hábitos y consumos, se indagará primero el marco moral general para observar luego su proyección en prácticas específicas.
Dado que a través de sus publicaciones las editoriales evangélicas proponen orientaciones normativas y valorativas del accionar de los creyentes respecto a un abanico de cuestiones que abarca no sólo lo estrictamente eclesiástico o religioso, sino también los diversos ámbitos donde ocurre la vida de los individuos como la familia, la vida laboral, o los espacios de esparcimiento, su estudio abre un rico campo de indagación.

2025

從李維史陀的經歷中，我們看到一位觀察者如何以敏銳的心靈、謙卑的態度和學術的紀律深入異文化世界。雖然宣教士的身份與民族學家不同，但面對陌生環境、複雜文化與人群時，兩者同樣需要開放的心、細緻的眼與不倦的筆。

2025

Son yıllarda din özgürlüğünü teşvik etme çabası uluslararası ilişkilerde artarak devam eden bir ivme kazanmıştır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri din özgürlüğüne 'ilk hak' olarak inanan bazı vatandaşları ile uluslararası din özgürlüğünün en... more

Son yıllarda din özgürlüğünü teşvik etme çabası uluslararası ilişkilerde artarak devam eden bir ivme kazanmıştır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri din özgürlüğüne 'ilk hak' olarak inanan bazı vatandaşları ile uluslararası din özgürlüğünün en ateşli savunucularından olmuştur. Bu makale ABD Uluslararası Din Özgürlüğü Ofisi ve ABD Uluslararası Din Özgürlüğü Komisyonu'nun Türkiye raporlarını incelemektedir. Makale ilk olarak Ofis ve Komisyonun kurulmasına sebep olan 1998 Uluslararası Din Özgürlüğü Yasası'nın nasıl vücut bulduğunu ve neler içerdiğini anlatmaktadır. Makale ardından Türkiye raporlarını analiz eder ve raporların din özgürlüğü ihlalleri ile

2025

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or... more

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Mass Departures in the Rakhine-Bangladesh Borderlands Jacques Leider

2025

Les sources traitant du triomphe d'Honorius sur l'usurpateur Attale à Rome et du châtiment de celui-ci, probablement en 417 1 -sans doute l'ultime triomphe romain -sont maigres : un passage de la Chronique de Prosper Tiro, seul à évoquer... more

Les sources traitant du triomphe d'Honorius sur l'usurpateur Attale à Rome et du châtiment de celui-ci, probablement en 417 1 -sans doute l'ultime triomphe romain -sont maigres : un passage de la Chronique de Prosper Tiro, seul à évoquer la notion de triomphe, un passage de Philostorge (résumé par Photios) et un passage de Nicéphore Calliste (qui utilise Philostorge) et sans doute, comme je le proposerai infra, un texte d'Orose et un texte de Marcellinus Comes (qui utilise Orose), auxquels il faut ajouter un texte d'Olympiodore (résumé par Photios) relatif seulement à la mutilation infligée à Attale. Ces événements ont moins attiré l'attention de la recherche 2 que le triomphe précédent d'Honorius sur les Goths en 403, longuement évoqué par Claudien 3 . Ils n'en posent pas moins des problèmes importants et étroitement liés : celui de leur déroulement (parcours, participants, actes) et celui de leur signification (mise en scène du destin de la Ville de Rome et de celui de l'Empire après plusieurs années de troubles, et singularité du traitement réservé à Attale 4 ). Il s'agit là d'un moment à part « Ainsi donc Attale, comme une statue creuse du pouvoir impérial, fut emmené par les Goths jusque dans les Espagnes ; parti de là sur on ne sait quel navire, il fut pris en mer et conduit au comte Constance ; exhibé ensuite par l'empereur Honorius, il fut laissé en vie, la main tranchée. » Attalus in mari captus atque Honorio exhibitus truncata manu uitae relictus est. « Capturé en mer et exhibé par Honorius, Attale, la main tranchée, est laissé en vie. » Olympiodore (résumé par Photios) 13 : Ἔπειτα μετὰ χρόνον τινὰ βασιλεύει, εἶτα καθαιρεἶται. Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ὕστερον ἐπὶ Ράβενναν παραγεγονὼς καὶ τοὺς τῆς δεξιᾶς χειρὸς δακτύλους, ἀκρωτηριασθεὶς ἐξωρίᾳ παραπέμπεται. « Plus tard, Attale redevint empereur et fut à nouveau déposé. Par la suite étant venu à Ravenne et les doigts de sa main droite ayant été coupés, il fut condamné à l'exil. » Les faits étabLis L'existence même du triomphe à Rome. Seul Prosper (qui donne la date de 417, infra) le dénomme comme tel et décrit Attale marchant devant le char de l'empereur, tout en ne montrant pas le reste de la cérémonie, ne mentionnant ni une humiliation d'Attale ni sa mutilation mais seulement son exil ; Philostorge et Nicéphore évoquent une cérémonie, une humiliation d'Attale et sa mutilation ; Orose et Marcellinus Comes se limitent à mentionner l'exhibition d'Attale puis 11. Orose, Histoires, VII, 42, 9. Je propose de modifier la traduction de Marie-Pierre Arnaud-Lindet (CUF-Les Belles Lettres, 1991), qui comprend « exhibé à l'empereur Honorius » pour imperatori Honorio exhibitus : je suggère de voir en imperatori Honorio un complément d'agent au datif (« exhibé par l'empereur Honorius »), qui peut se rencontrer à côté de la forme plus répandue ab + ablatif ; la traduction que je propose est identique à celle que je retiens pour la même expression chez Marcellinus Comes, qui suit Orose. 12. Marcellinus Comes, Chronique, a. 412. 13. Olympiodore, Fragment 14 (Blockley) (= Photios, Bibliothèque, 80).

2025

O artigo discute a retomada do debate sobre a reforma administrativa no Congresso, destacando que a PEC 32/2020 permanece parada, mas a Câmara articula uma nova abordagem sob o discurso de “modernização do Estado”. O autor alerta que... more

O artigo discute a retomada do debate sobre a reforma administrativa no Congresso, destacando que a PEC 32/2020 permanece parada, mas a Câmara articula uma nova abordagem sob o discurso de “modernização do Estado”. O autor alerta que reformas dessa natureza devem ser amplamente debatidas com a sociedade, valorizando os servidores públicos e evitando retrocessos institucionais. Ressalta ainda que mudanças administrativas legítimas exigem não apenas alterações legais, mas principalmente estruturais e culturais.

2025

Knowledge is identified as a critical factor for innovation. On the other side, knowledge creation takes place through investing on R&D activities and developing new products. Furthermore, not all types of R&D activities result in similar... more

Knowledge is identified as a critical factor for innovation. On the other side, knowledge creation takes place through investing on R&D activities and developing new products. Furthermore, not all types of R&D activities result in similar types of innovation. Indeed, investing on research activities result in radical innovation and investing on development activities concludein incremental innovation. Keeping a balance between these two kinds of innovation in products is critical to acquire competitive advantages. To investigate the dynamic-nature and complex relationship between knowledge creation and investing on R&D activities, presenting paper tried to study impacts of different investing policies on knowledge stockusing a systematic view. Hence, “system dynamics” which is an approach to study the complex system is used to model and simulate the presenting system. Beside, a case study was also presented to test applicable capability of the model. The simulation results showed th...

2025

Operational risk in Islamic banks is significant and become more complicated compared to conventional banks because of their unique contractual features and general legal environment. Specific aspects and diversity of contract could raise... more

Operational risk in Islamic banks is significant and become more complicated compared to conventional banks because of their unique contractual features and general legal environment. Specific aspects and diversity of contract could raise the operational risk of Islamic banks. Thus operational risk in financial institution has attracted more attention from the regulators, practitioners and also academics over the last decade. Another reason is due to the huge losses incurred by a number of financial institutions such as Barings, Daiwa and Ihlas Finance in Turkey as a result of the malfunctioning of their operational risk management. Therefore, this paper will assess key issues in measurement and management of operational risk in Malaysian Islamic banks. Descriptive, analytical, and comparative analyses are used in this paper to discuss the issues of operational risk in Islamic bank through the implications associated with the Islamic banks' operational risk as well as the implications on risk measurement, risk management and capital adequacy. This paper reveals that although basic Basel II core principles of effective banking supervision apply equally well and ideally suit the Islamic banking institutions, risk measurement and risk management practices still need specific adaptations to Islamic banks' operational characteristics. These particularities highlight the unique characteristics of Islamic banks and raise serious concerns regarding the applicability of the Basel II methodology for Islamic banks. Then this paper will fill the gap to the existing literature of operational risk in banking institution especially Islamic banks by showing the needs of specific adaption of operational risk measurement and risk management practices due to the nature of Islamic banks.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2025

Slides presented during a debate with Ridvan Ayedemir on 14 April 2025, evaluating Islam and Christianity as civilizational frameworks. The analysis compares doctrinal ideals—Sharia and Biblical law—across five domains: worldview, moral... more

Slides presented during a debate with Ridvan Ayedemir on 14 April 2025, evaluating Islam and Christianity as civilizational frameworks. The analysis compares doctrinal ideals—Sharia and Biblical law—across five domains: worldview, moral anthropology, epistemology, social ethics, and institutional design.

2025

De forma introdutória, importa-me dizer que esta lei tem gerado, interrogações, levantamentos de questões entre os empregadores e trabalhadores, isto é, défice de interpretação desta mesma lei no que tange aos feriados e pontes quando um... more

De forma introdutória, importa-me dizer que esta lei tem gerado, interrogações, levantamentos de questões entre os empregadores e trabalhadores, isto é, défice de interpretação desta mesma lei no que tange aos feriados e pontes quando um feriado calha entre uma sexta feira ou sábado.

2025, Perspectives chinoises

2025, Free Malaysia Today

In Malaysia, These disputes are locked in a perfect storm of legal rigidity, politics revolving around racial and religious supremacy, religious passion, and political inertia.

2025, Political Science Quarterly

2025, The Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar

The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing ethnic conflicts in contemporary global politics, characterized by systemic persecution, forced displacement, and humanitarian concerns. This paper examines the roots of the conflict,... more

The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing ethnic conflicts in contemporary global politics, characterized by systemic persecution, forced displacement, and humanitarian concerns. This paper examines the roots of the conflict, tracing the historical, political, and social factors that have fueled tensions between the Rohingya Muslim minority and the Myanmar government. It analyzes the role of state policies, military actions, and nationalist sentiments in exacerbating the crisis, leading to mass displacement and international condemnation. Furthermore, the paper explores the responses of regional and global actors, including ASEAN, the United Nations, and neighbouring countries, in addressing the crisis and seeking potential solutions. By evaluating existing frameworks and challenges, this study offers insights into the broader implications of ethnic conflicts and the urgent need for comprehensive, multilateral interventions to mitigate human rights violations and promote long-term stability.

2025, Pacem in terris: le religioni a servizio della pace

La famiglia al servizio del bene comune (e della pace), in Pacem in terris: le religioni a servizio della pace (a cura di Pierluigi Consorti, Daniela Tarantino), Pisa, Pisa university press, 2025, 105-122