Residual risk Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This paper aims to establish a methodology for risk analysis of equipment and production systems, and identify those assets subject to the validation process. It's provides a set of instructions that describing in detail the steps to perform a validation schedule with bases residual risk. The study was conducted at the National Center for Scientific Research of Cuba, production department. The work is based on the implementation of the IEC 60812 standard, analysis of failure modes, effects and criticality (FMEA). In partnership with this standard it was used other documents necessary for application as the series of standards IEC 60300-3-1 and IEC 61025. Among the main results was obtained the risk map of the company and were implemented control actions once identified residual risk. These results allow to establish the minimum period necessary for validation of technological systems of the company.

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- Methodology, Risk Management, Validation, Residual risk

Shareholder value maximization has spurred a long-standing and heated debate between the proponents of a unified corporate objective function and the supporters of multi-constituency goals of the corporation. We weigh in on the corporate purpose debate from a different point of view: that of the shareholders. Specifically, we seek to critically assess the assumptions about shareholders embedded in the shareholder value maximization doctrine and examine the implications of three contemporary shareholding practices: (a) shareholders investing concurrently in competing firms, (b) residual-risk bearing decoupling, and (c) heterogeneous shareholder interests. Our critique draws out the challenges that contemporary shareholder practices pose for corporate governance and highlights the need for strategic corporate governance, or governance policies and practices that prioritize the sustainable competitive advantage of the firm.

This is an attempt to empirically investigate the risk and return relationship of individual stocks traded at Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), the main equity market in Pakistan. The analysis is based on daily as well as monthly data of 49... more

This report contains the flood risk reduction plan of Guéchémé, capital of the municipality of the same name, in Niger. Guechémé is a rural local government with 108 778 inhabitants (2012) and a territory of 1075 km2. The jurisdiction is crossed by the dallol (valley) Maouri: a very long intermittent watercourse tributary of the Niger River and one of the most important wetlands in the country. Guéchémé town (8412 inhabitants in 2012) is growing fast. The town is not threatened by the overflow of the dallol Maouri but by the intense rains that generate on a deeply degraded catchment area, catastrophic floods. The risk reduction plan is organized according to the international standard ISO 31010. The flood risk is identified and analyzed. Risk reduction measures are identified and evaluated. The participatory monitoring and evaluation system is described. The plan consists of the flood zone regulations, zoning map, and action description sheets. The analysis and evaluation integrate local and scientific knowledge. The methodology and implementation are fully participatory. Flood zones are identified according to two flood probability scenarios through 2D hydraulic modeling. Floodable assets are identified through visual photointerpretation of very high resolution open access satellite imagery complemented by ground-based asset recognition. The assessment uses residual risk and treatment benefit/cost analyses.

- by Maurizio TIEPOLO
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- Flood Risk Management, Rural Development, Risk assessment, Niger

Flood risk assessments in the Global South have increased since the adoption of the United Nations Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. However, they often fail to meet disaster risk reduction needs at the local scale, because they typically consider only one hazard (fluvial or pluvial floods). Furthermore, hazard and exposure are considered as stationary conditions, flood-prone assets are rarely identified, risk reduction measures are not identified in detail for specific locations, and the convenience of reducing or accepting risk is not evaluated. This paper describes a flood risk assessment method that is innovative in that it considers three hazard types (backwater, fluvial, and pluvial floods) and multiple risk scenarios; it uses orthophotos generated from images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle and very high-resolution satellite images, and it involves communities in risk assessment. The method was applied to four rural settlements along the Sirba River, Niger. The assessment identifies the benefit of reducing risk in monetary terms, as well as the intangible benefits that reducing risk could generate, and it detects opportunities that flooding offers for rural development. The method can be replicated in all contexts where decision-making support is needed for flood risk assessment planning.

Le changement climatique en Afrique tropicale expose de nombreux établissements ruraux à des précipitations intenses. La dégradation des bassins versants transforme ces précipitations en inondations catastrophiques. Mais les impacts des précipitations intenses dépendent également de l'expansion du bati dans les zones inondables, sur laquelle les connaissances sont encore rares. L'objectif de ce chapitre est de réaliser une évaluation détaillée du risque, qui identifie les biens exposés aux inondations pluviales, estime l'impact et l'efficacité des mesures de réduction du risque. L'évaluation est réalisée dans quatre petites villes du Niger rural en plein essor, qui ont été inondées à plusieurs reprises au cours des dernières années. Les zones inondables suite à des pluies avec période de retour de 3 et 20 ans sont identifiées à l'aide d'un modèle hydrologique bidimensionnel selon que le bassin versant reste dans son état actuel ou est traité avec des mesures de réduction du risque. Les biens exposés sont identifiés par photointerprétation visuelle d'images à très haute résolution et leur valeur de remplacement est estimée. Les mesures de réduction des risques sont identifiées par des discussions avec les communautés. Le risque résiduel et le rapport bénéfice/coût du traitement du risque sont estimés. Le résultat est qu'au cours des 10 dernières années, l'expansion des 4 petites villes est plus rapide dans la zone inondable. Il reste peu de zones sûres pour permettre une expansion future. La cartographie des zones et des éléments exposés aux inondations est donc essentielle pour réduire l'exposition future aux inondations. La rétention d'eau, les toits en tôle ondulée, les barrières anti-inondation, les latrines surélevées et les puits sont des mesures efficaces pour réduire le risque, surtout en cas de précipitations intenses et fréquentes.

- by Maurizio TIEPOLO
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- Risk assessment, Citizen Science, Disaster risk reduction, Benefit Cost Analysis

This report contains the Flood Risk Reduction Plan for Touré, an administrative village of the rural municipality of Gothèye, Tillabéri region, Niger. Touré (4065 inhabitants in 2012, 0.6 km2 of built up area in 2018) is located along the Sirba River, one of the main tributaries of the middle Niger River. The village is threatened by fluvial and pluvial floods. The plan is structured according to the international standard ISO 31010. The analysis integrates local and scientific knowledge. The planning process is fully participatory. Flood risk is identified and analyzed. Flood-prone zones are identified according to three river flood probability scenarios through a 1D hydraulic modeling. Floodable assets are identified through visual photointerpretation of very high resolution imagery captured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in September 2018. Two scenarios of pluvial flood are considered. Ten risk reduction measures are selected and prioritized. Benefit/cost analysis is used to asses...

- by Aissatou ADAMOU SITTA
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- Flood Risk Management, Damage detection, Risk assessment, Niger

This report contains the flood risk reduction plan of Tessa, capital of the municipality of the same name, in Niger. Tessa is a rural local government with 28 868 inhabitants (2012) and a territory of 537 km2. The jurisdiction is crossed by the dallol (valley) Fogha: a long intermittent watercourse tributary of the Niger River and one of the most important wetlands in the country. Tessa town (2841 inhabitants in 2012) is growing fast. The town is not threatened by the overflow of the dallol Fogha but by the intense rains that generate on a deeply degraded catchment area, catastrophic floods. The risk reduction plan is organized according to the international standard ISO 31010. The flood risk is identified and analyzed. Risk reduction measures are identified and evaluated. The participatory monitoring and evaluation system is described. The plan consists of the flood zone regulations, zoning map, and action description sheets. The analysis and evaluation integrate local and scientific knowledge. The methodology and implementation are fully participatory. Flood zones are identified according to two flood probability scenarios through 2D hydraulic modeling. Floodable assets are identified through visual photointerpretation of very high resolution open access satellite imagery complemented by ground-based asset recognition. The assessment uses residual risk and treatment benefit/cost analyses

- by Maurizio TIEPOLO and +3
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- Flood Risk Management, Rural Development, Risk assessment, Niger

In tropical regions, heavy precipitations may lead to catastrophic flooding due to the degradation of catchments and the expansion of settlements in flood prone zones. In the current situation, where information on rainfall and exposed assets is either scant, or requires significant time to be collected, pluvial flood risk assessments are conducted using participatory tools, without any scientific support. Another option is to use satellite precipitation products, digital terrain models and satellite images at high to moderate-resolution. However, these datasets do not reach the required accuracy at the local scale. Consequently, the potential damages and the evaluation component of
risk assessment are often missing. Risk evaluation is pivotal for informed decisionmaking, with regards to the choice of treating or accepting the risk, implementing more effective measures, and for determining the safest areas for development. We proposed an improved method for assessing the risk of pluvial floods, which merges local and scientific knowledge and is consistent with the ISO 31010 standard. The method was successfully applied in five rural settlements in Niger and can be replicated in areas where information is scarce.

This report contains the flood risk reduction plan of two neighboring administrative villages belonging to the municipality of Kiéché, Dosso region, Niger. Gagila (1741 inhabitants in 2012, 0.3 km2 built-up area) and Takouidawa (808 inhabitants in 2012 0.17 km2 built-up area) belong to the same watershed that flows into the dallol (valley) Maouri, one of the main wetlands in the country. The two villages are threatened by direct impact of heavy rains on the roof of adobe buildings, and by the run off over a deeply degraded watershed. The plan is structured according to the international standard ISO 31010. Flood risk is identified and analyzed. Risk reduction measures are selected, prioritized and evaluated. The monitoring and evaluation system is described. The plan consists of the flood zone regulation, zoning map and action description sheets. The analysis integrates local and scientific knowledge. The plan preparation process is fully participatory. Flood zones are identified ac...

- by Kotere Lawan
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- Flood Risk Management, Damage detection, Risk assessment, Niger