Rockets and Satellites Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025

Madencilik sektörü dünyanın en eski ve önemli sektörlerinden biridir. Madenler insanların yaşam konforunu artırmak ve teknolojiyi geliştirmek için vazgeçilmez bir kaynaktır. Maden sektörü son yıllarda birçok yenilikçi teknolojinin... more

2025, BBC article by Mark Pleisig

The infrastructure of humanity's journey into space may only be decades old, but some of it has already been lost. A new generation of "space archaeologists" are scrambling to save what's left. Space is being commercialised on a scale unseen before. Faced by powerful commercial and political forces and with scant legal protections, artefacts that tell the story of our species' journey into space are in danger of being lost-both in orbit and down here on Earth. Like Stonehenge, these are irreplaceable artefacts and sites that have a timeless significance to humanity because they represent an essential stage in the evolution of our species. They are often also expressions of national pride because of the industrial and scientific effort needed to achieve them. Sometimes they are also memorials to those who died in the course of ambitious space programmes. They also have another use. Studying these artefacts and sites helps researchers better understand how astronauts interact with new technology, adapt to new environments and develop new cultural practices. The conclusions of researchers can influence the design of future spacecraft and help future space missions succeed. Can a new generation of pioneering space archaeologists like Alice Gorman and Justin Walsh help save our space heritage for coming generations, and how might their work Home News Sport Business Innovation Culture Arts Travel Earth Audio Video Live Watch Live

2025, BBC, by Mark Piesing, 16 May

2025

This study investigates the current innovation and development process approaches, with the intention of understanding and elucidating the internal dynamics of continuous quality improvement strategies within the disruptive technological innovation and development set-up of the French South African Institute of Technology (F'SATI) in the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT). The research objectives were to look for answers within a innovation and development process approach by investigating the flexibility of the development process, setting up of an improvement targets, monitoring and measuring performance, applicability, and the use of risk-based thinking, lean manufacturing principle applications, and possible means to sustained good working practice for future innovation and development activities. Mixed research methodology was used to obtain meaningful and value-added results. Data was collected through group interviews (n1= 3 groups), a structured questionnaire completed by innovation and development full-time employees (n2 = 10 employees) and thorough review of documented organisational knowledge. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse qualitative data from the interviews, SPSS software was also used to analyse the quantitative data, and Cronbach's Alpha was used to test quantitative dataset reliability. Furthermore, an expert judgment approach was used to validate the results obtained from the research study through presentation of research findings to the innovation and development team. It was evident from the findings that even though continuous improvement approaches and a well-established systems engineering approach was in place, personnel capacity and resource capabilities, adopted organisational policies and procedures, and constant application of internal operational procedures remains a challenge within the F'SATI. The study recommends that the innovation and development centre needs to increase personnel capacity, with respect to required technical and interpersonal skills, more resources that are fit for purpose, to making use of value-adding business relations with external providers through a benchmarking approach, and to be released from dependency on the CPUT procurement system, in order to improve turnaround and delivery times.

2025

Since 2013, NASA’s Small Spacecraft Technology (SST) program has sponsored a series of Smallsat Technology Partnerships (STP). These PI-lead collaborations between a U.S.-based university and a partnered NASA center are developing transformative Smallsat technologies. Each year the STP competitive solicitation focuses on a chosen set of technical topics. Successful proposals are awarded for a duration of two years with continuation review after the first year. Award values were 200kperyearfortheuniversityand0.5FTEfortheNASApartneralongwith200k per year for the university and 0.5 FTE for the NASA partner along with 200kperyearfortheuniversityand0.5FTEfortheNASApartneralongwith25k for material procurement in the second year, for the 2018-2019 STP solicitation. Thirty-seven Smallsat Technology Partnerships have been awarded over a series of 4 solicitations. In this paper, we give the SST program’s objectives for encouraging partnerships between universities and NASA centers, and the purpose and aim of the annual NASA-University Smallsat Technology Partnerships. We describe in detail the technical advancem...

2025

A quick reference guide for astronautics, the aerospace engineering subdiscipline that focuses on the science and technology of systems that operate in space.

2025

A concise timeline of select historical events that have shaped aerospace engineering, emphasizing the history of astronautics.

2025, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT)

The P.E.R.A. (Precision, Efficiency, Reliability, and Adaptability) Data Collection System is the innovative method of data gathering presented in aerospace exploration and scientific education. Existing methods of water rocket experimentation as a piece of scientific or engineering hardware have drawbacks that include poor accuracy, high cost, and rigidity of design, which limits the application of water rocket systems and the efficiency of experiments, making them suitable only for specialized environments. P.E.R.A. addresses these challenges by employing current sensors technology, wireless transmission system and modularity in design at a lower cost. This system is calculated to provide accurate readings of various flight parameters and thus allow its users, including students, researchers and educators to carry out their experiments with enhanced accuracy. In addition to its technological developments, P.E.R.A. innovate ways of making highly developed bibliographic tools available to institutions across the world and level the playing field for aerospace research. Thus, the system is providing the much needed link between underfunded academic institutions and wellequipped laboratories all over the world, thus enabling more accessible Aerospace research for people everywhere. In this paper, I take a closer look at the development process of P.E.R.A., and explain how it incorporates its technical aspects, how to use it, and how it can be extended. Several of the case studies illustrate how it is utilized to record important flight data for learning as well as career needs. Also, how P.E.R.A may help in moving human civilization to space and kindle the spirit of exploration is considered. This revolutionary system not only solves present constrains but also defines a new paradigm of data acquisition within aerospace learning and research.

2024, Kıble Açısı Hesabı

Kıble yönü Müslümanlıkta çok önemlidir. Namaz kılarken dönülen yön ve mezarlıklardaki cenazelerin defini işleminde cenazenin yönlendirilmesinde önem arz etmektedir. Zaman zaman haritacılar camilerdeki kıble yönünün doğru olup... more

2024, Coğrafi Koordinatlardan Uzaklık Hesabı

Bu makale, coğrafi koordinatları verilen iki nokta arasındaki uzaklığın küresel trigonometri yöntemleriyle nasıl hesaplanacağını açıklamaktadır. Makalede, küresel üçgenlerin temel prensipleri ve coğrafi koordinat sistemleri hakkında bilgi... more

2024, The Historic Environment

Space Heritage is an evolving field where sites and artefacts do not exist on Earth, but rather in space or on other celestial bodies. Most were created during the Cold War and are inaccessible and temporarily protected by their remoteness. The complexities and ambiguities of international legal structures to deal with these sites as cultural resources leave them vulnerable to impacts in the near future by many varieties of space travel. My paper will focus on the Apollo 11 Tranquility Base site on the Moon, the first manned lunar landing site, and explore its historic context and the nature of the archaeological assemblage and its relationship to sites on Earth. I will discuss the current political and legal responsibilities for preservation, the results of the Lunar Legacy Project and argue that without a framework for preservation even these inaccessible sites in space will become accessible and subject to adverse effects.

2024, ResearchGate

In 2011 C.Poher published a paper [1] claiming observing a gravity-alike acceleration being generated upon high-voltage (HV) capacitor discharge into a sandwiched superconductor (SC) disc. The direction of the generated acceleration pulse was measured [3] to be aligned with the electric field direction applied to the SC upon the discharge. Such electromagnetic interaction with a superconductor could possibly open doors to many breakthrough propulsion applications in space, such as simplified and cheaper Moon and Mars travels. However, it is very little known about such interactions, as introduced in the book “Gravity-Superconductors Interactions” [4]. Furthermore, feasibility of artificial gravity field creation is doubted in the scientific community. As there is no independent C.Poher's work replica known today, it is essential for the space community, which stands as the main beneficiary of such technology, to make an effort to replicate such demonstrator.
This work is aimed to address the experimental verification by building a setup to repeat the C.Poher’s experiment and independently validate his observations. Thus facilitating international recognition of the inventor’s innovation and his patents, along with development of a satellite thruster application based on his research, here named Pulsed Gravity Space Thruster (PGST).
The work described in this paper was carried out on private basis in Singapore during covid lockdown, motivated by personal interest to facilitate the gravito-magnetic innovation breakthrough for space applications. With an ultimate goal of bringing improved navigation capabilities to satellites and creating spillover to other industries for sustainable energy generation and space travel.

2024, Case Study

This case study critically examines the technical feasibility of the Apollo moon landings, focusing on the limitations of 1960s technology, including computing power, materials science, and spacecraft design. It explores the challenges of the Apollo missions, particularly the improbable precision required for lunar navigation, the vulnerabilities of the early space suits, and the limitations of the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC). Through an analysis of the technology available at the time, the study investigates how these challenges might have been addressed or overcome, while considering the possibility that the missions could have been staged to achieve political and geopolitical goals during the Cold War. By evaluating the plausibility of the moon landings in the context of the available technology, this study raises questions about the authenticity of the Apollo missions and highlights the political motivations that may have influenced the space race.

2024, Arxiv preprint arXiv:0902.3902

2024

It is well-known that in his 1966 Der Spiegel interview Heidegger declared himself horrified by photographs of Earth from orbit, declaring we "do not need atomic bombs at to uproot us-- the uprooting of man is already here." But despite the notoriety of this citation, his more extended engagement with the significance of space has largely gone unexamined. This essay re-reads Heidegger's late writings, both published and unpublished, on language, thought, and space technology to shed fuller light on Heidegger's horror. It shows that rockets and satellites were far more important to Heidegger--and to 20th century thought in general--than is typically acknowledged. In 1962, Heidegger had proclaimed the coming of a Rocket Age, a historical rupture after which the essence of technology shifted from atomic power to rockets. This paradigm shift effected a radical change in the late Heidegger's thoughts on technology, which also affected his understanding of the saving power of poetry. This essay examines this rupture with a particular focus on how Sputnik, Luna, and Apollo altered the relationship between words and things, with the aim of helping us to better understand what the coming of the Rocket Age meant for Heidegger's philosophy. Yet this is more than a contribution to Heidegger philology. In returning to Heidegger, this essay also attempts to escape from later philosophical attempts to avoid or repress the deranging crisis of thought and language launched by Sputnik, and by gazing into the void, to begin developing a mode of thinking appropriate for thinking technology after the great bifurcation between the biosphere and the technosphere.

2024

This paper discusses the benefits of using largescale projects, involving many groups of students with different backgrounds, in the education of undergraduate microelectronics engineering students. The benefits of involving students in large, industry-like projects are first briefly reviewed. The organisation of undergraduate programmes is presented, and it is described how students can be involved in such large projects, while maintaining compatibility with undergraduate programmes. The generic discussion is illustrated with an example of the University of Southampton Small Satellite (UoS 3) project, which has been running for two academic years and involved a number of students to date. It is discussed how the work on a project can be split between different student groups so that they can be assessed on it. Definition of interfaces between different groups, as well as how they are managed in the UoS 3 project, are described. The difficulties that large, student-run projects are likely to face are mentioned and recommendations about the structuring of degree programmes to amend them to large projects, are made. Lastly, conclusions about the applicability and benefits of small satellite projects to undergraduate education in electronics are drawn.

2024

is a fully student levyfunded, student-led undergraduate design team that develops CubeSats with research-oriented payloads. UTAT's mission is to provide undergraduate students with unique opportunities to develop engineering design skills outside of the classroom, and therefore has a distinct focus on member growth and education. As an undergraduate student team, UTAT faces a unique set of challenges in onboarding members and maintaining a strong knowledge base on the team. These challenges include onboarding members with limited technical experience, equipping them with satellite design skills, and maintaining high interest levels among volunteer members with limited time to contribute. The team has implemented a wide range of strategies related to onboarding and member development over the past two years. Notable examples include hosting workshops and regular work sessions, and employing practice projects for technical skill development. This paper presents these practices in depth and evaluates their impacts using both quantitative and qualitative metrics of team success including retention rates, team demographic data, and individual perceptions of team dynamics. It also evaluates these practices against scientifically backed models, while evaluating the effectiveness of these models in the student team environment. Lessons learned include the importance of emphasizing a culture of inclusivity and psychological safety as well as utilizing workshops and skill-building modules both in the onboarding phase and throughout the year to generate and maintain interest in the team. The practices presented here are relevant and transferable to similar organizations including student teams, industry projects, and research initiatives.

2024, Parcerias Estratégicas

O Brasil e os Estados Unidos, representados respectivamente pela Agência Espacial Brasileira (AEB) e pela National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), assinaram em outubro de 1997 um Ajuste Complementar mediante o qual o Brasil passou a fazer parte do esforço voltado para o projeto, construção, operação e utilização com fins científicos pacíficos da Estação Espacial Internacional.

2024, BHG Publications

In 2024, we've seen amazing new technologies that are changing the way we live, work, and solve problems. These advancements span many fields, including artificial intelligence (AI), biotechnology, renewable energy, and more. While these innovations bring exciting possibilities, they also come with challenges that we must address. Let's take a closer look at some of the key technological innovations of 2024 and the issues they present.

2024

this file is about falcon 1 which is summery of information

2024, 68th International Astronautical Congress, Adelaide, Australia, 25-29 September 2017

The aim of this paper is to present a re-entry stability analysis for the uncontrolled, non-winged, blunted cone space vehicle SARA (Atmospheric Re-entry Satellite) by taking into account a ballistic trajectory. The SARA project is a cooperation between Brazilian Space Agency (AEB) and Institute of Aeronautics and Space (IAE) to develop and construct a recoverable space vehicle to perform microgravity experiments. The Brazilian suborbital rocket VS-40 provides the insertion of the SARA capsule into microgravity environment reaching altitudes above 190 km. The analyzes presented in this work focuses on two configurations for SARA being the first, a blunted cone without flaps (aero-breaking) and, the second, a blunted cone with flaps. The work shows in details the re-entry stability analysis and co-simulation methodology including Newton's impact method modeling (NIM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software.

2024, IEEE Latin America Transactions

2024

The development of commercial launch systems has substantially reduced the cost of space launch. NASA's space shuttle had a cost of about 1.5billiontolaunch27,500kgtoLowEarthOrbit(LEO),1.5 billion to launch 27,500 kg to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), 1.5billiontolaunch27,500kgtoLowEarthOrbit(LEO),54,500/kg. SpaceX's Falcon 9 now advertises a cost of 62milliontolaunch22,800kgtoLEO,62 million to launch 22,800 kg to LEO, 62milliontolaunch22,800kgtoLEO,2,720/kg. Commercial launch has reduced the cost to LEO by a factor of 20. This will have a substantial impact on the space industry, military space, and NASA. Existing launch providers are reducing their costs and so are satellite developers. The military foresees an opportunity to rapidly replace compromised space assets that provided communications, weather, surveillance, and positioning. NASA supported the development of commercial space launch and NASA science anticipates lower cost missions, but human space flight planning seems unreactive. Specifically, it has been claimed that commercial spaceflight has not reduced the cost to provide cargo to the International Space Station (ISS). The key factor is that the space shuttle can provide cargo and crew to ISS while the Falcon 9 must also use the Dragon capsule, which adds cost and reduces payload. The cost of a Falcon 9 and Dragon capsule mission to ISS is about 140millionwithapayloadof6,000kg,140 million with a payload of 6,000 kg, 140millionwithapayloadof6,000kg,23,300/kg. The shuttle payload to ISS is less than to LEO, 16,050 kg, so its cost is also higher at $93,400/kg. The launch cost to ISS has been reduced by a factor of 4. Calculations that show commercial launch provides no cost reduction to ISS assume half the usually cited shuttle cost and allocate it to the actual delivered payload, about half the full capacity. In a split mission, with crew and pressurized cargo launched separately from hardware and materials, the higher Falcon 9 plus Dragon costs would apply only to a fraction of the launch mass. A 4 to 1 cost reduction saves most, 75%, of the total cost. A further reduction to 10 or 20 to 1 saves 90 or 95%, but this is only a small, 15 or 20%, portion of the original cost. The recently reduced space launch cost can be expected to substantially impact human space flight. Nomenclature

2024, Anais do 14º Simpósio Brasileiro de Automação Inteligente

The creation of the nanosatellite standard called Cubesat caused an increase in the number of missions based on small satellites. One of the problems faced during the development of projects with Cubesats is related to the effects caused by the radiation on the electronic components of the satellite. This requires the development of on-board control software to detect and correct errors in orbit so that the mission is not compromised. In this context, this article presents the on-board control system that has been developed for the CONASAT project's Cubesats, a partnership between the Northeast Regional Center (CRN) of the National Institute of Space Research (INPE) and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). In addition, some tests and results are also presented, as well as some final considerations. Resumo: A criação do padrão de nanossatélites chamado Cubesat fez com que ocorresse um aumento no número de missões baseadas em pequenos satélites. Um dos problemas enfrentados durante o desenvolvimento de projetos com Cubesats está relacionado com os efeitos causados pela radiação sobre os componentes eletrônicos do satélite. Isso faz com que seja necessário o desenvolvimento de um software de controle de bordo capaz de detectar e corrigir erros eḿ orbita, de modo que não haja um comprometimento da missão. Diante desse contexto, este artigo apresenta o sistema de controle de bordo que tem sido desenvolvido para os Cubesats do projeto CONASAT, uma parceria entre o Centro Regional do Nordeste (CRN) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) e a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Além disso, alguns testes e resultados também são apresentados, bem como, algumas considerações finais.

2024

The main objective of this paper is to briefly describe several orbital launches where space rockets of different types have either never made it to space or failed to deploy their payloads once they got there. The common denominator for a failure of each space rocket type, according to publicly available information provided by their management and sponsoring teams, was a launch anomaly. Based on the extremely short duration of all missions considered, the most probable mechanisms that caused orbital launch anomalies, in accordance to the MIRCE Science theory, have been induced into rockets by human actions during: design, production, assembly, transportation or launch processes. As the anomalies occurred on space rockets that are designed, produced and launched by different companies, located on different continents, it could be concluded that human errors are a generic phenomenon of the human race. The orbital launch anomalies observed in this paper are in agreement with the 5th Axiom of MIRCE Science that states, "Probability of human error in execution of any task is greater than zero". [1]

2024, Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management

Sounding rocket configurations usually require fairly large fins and, quite frequently, have more than one set of fins. In order to be able to handle such configurations, the present paper presents a novel methodology which combines both Chimera and patched multiblock grids in the discretization of the computational domain. The flows of interest are modeled using the 3-D Euler equations and the work describes the details of discretization procedure, which uses a finite difference approach for structure, body-conforming, multiblock grids. The method is used to calculate the aerodynamics of a sounding rocket vehicle. The results indicate that the present approach can be a powerful aerodynamic analysis and design tool.

2024

In general, an aerospace systems engineer is an expert in the integration and optimization of various subsystems that make up aerospace vehicles. They work on designing, developing, and maintaining the intricate systems that power... more

2023, Education Sciences

The simplification of space science and technology for students K–12 is a challenging task for educators. Virtual reality and augmented reality are educational techniques that introduce the concept of educational games. Moreover, those techniques have a stunning effect on students. This work presents the utilization of virtual reality models to teach students about the satellite types, satellite subsystems, the satellite assembly and integration process, watching the rocket launch carrying the satellite and observing the satellite in its orbit in virtual space laboratories. A 10-min mission in virtual laboratories will effectively improve the learning outcomes. In addition to the VR feature, a set of activities and short movies are considered to be beneficial for use by students to enrich the teaching results. Finally, the VR model results confirmed that the students’ knowledge about the space technology cycle is boosted.

2023

One of the most successful post-Cold War US-Russian cooperative efforts, the commercial Proton has launched some of the world's most powerful communications satellites, providing critical connectivity around the globe via land sea or air with mobility services, video, data and broadband services, broadcasting, direct-to-home TV and satellite radio. x The Proton Launcher The lift capability of the workhorse Proton has increased-as of this writing-to 6.27 metric tons to reference Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) and 6.47 metric tons to Super Synchronous Transfer Orbit (SSTO) at 1,500 m/s. The Proton Breeze M vehicle's restartable Breeze M upper stage allows each mission to be optimized and projected in orbit lifetime to be maximized for single or multiple satellites supporting missions to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO), GTO, GSO and SSTO. In the fall of 2016, the two-stage variants of Proton were unveiled, further supporting the proven heritage of the vehicle to adapt, change and compete in a highly competitive commercial marketplace. Driven by the influx of electric and hybrid propulsion satellites, the sleek two-stage Proton offers satellite operators a much-needed cost-effective and high-performing solution to orbit. This sort of "back to the future" design is reminiscent of the early Proton vehicle design, when it was a two-stage vehicle called the "UR-500", launched in the early 1960s. The concept for this book was born many years ago by one of the premiere space historians of our time, and author of this book, Mr. Christian Lardier. A true labor of love, Mr. Lardier was determined to write this powerful book about one of the world's most intriguing Russian launch vehicles, despite some challenging circumstances and several stops and starts along the way. We owe much gratitude to Mr. Lardier for his tenacity and unwavering dedication to this very in-depth project which tells, in great detail, after countless interviews with Russian scientists and others, Proton's unique story about its incredible journey to orbit. We also give our thanks to co-author, Stefan Barensky, for the second part of this work and the remarkable history of International Launch Services.

2023

Working paper based on the manuscript of a talk held at the workshop We are on a Mission. Exploring the role of future imaginaries in the making and governing of digital technology at the Alexander Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Berlin, April 27, 2018. The parts on Wolfgang Iser and Vilém Flusser are published on academia.edu in a previous version of this paper.

2023, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

2023

The Distributed Observer network (DON) is a NASA-collaborative environment that leverages game technology to bring three-dimensional simulations to conventional desktop and laptop computers in order to allow teams of engineers working on design and operations, either individually or in groups, to view and collaborate on 3D representations of data generated by authoritative tools such as Delmia Envision, Pro/Engineer, or Maya. The DON takes models and telemetry from these sources and, using commercial game engine technology, displays the simulation results in a 3D visual environment. DON has been designed to enhance accessibility and user ability to observe and analyze visual simulations in real time. A variety of NASA mission segment simulations [Synergistic Engineering Environment (SEE) data, NASA Enterprise Visualization Analysis (NEVA) ground processing simulations, the DSS simulation for lunar operations, and the Johnson Space Center (JSC) TRICK tool for guidance, navigation, an...

2023, Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences (HSNS)

, Sotheby's, the storied centuries-old auction house, promised collectors the Moon-or at least the chance to bid on items involved in getting there. Among the eighty-seven lots up for sale was an Apollo Guidance Computer. This metallic box, designed by MIT's Instrument Laboratory and produced by Raytheon starting in 1966, was an essential tool for navigating the lunar surface and an important forerunner of modern computing. Sotheby's estimated that this celebrated artifact-frequently studied not only in space history but also in the history of technology-would fetch between 200,000and200,000 and 200,000and300,000 USD. But when the auctioneer's hammer hit the lectern, the price had skyrocketed to 746,000USD.OtheritemsontheblockthatdayincludedalunarsurfacechecklistusedbyNeilArmstrong(soldfor746,000 USD. Other items on the block that day included a lunar surface checklist used by Neil Armstrong (sold for 746,000USD.OtheritemsontheblockthatdayincludedalunarsurfacechecklistusedbyNeilArmstrong(soldfor63,000 USD) and Richard Feynman's personal notes from the Challenger disaster investigation (sold for $44,100 USD). In case there was any doubt, Sotheby's sale affirmed the value of almost anything to do with space. But here the public record for these items stops. Who purchased these artifacts and where they now reside is a mystery. How should we attend to this systematic and accelerating flow of space artifacts into unknown private collections of the fantastically wealthy? How does the commodification of and marketplace for space-flown items affect and implicate historians and curators and their contributions to space history? And finally, how do these processes shape public and expert understandings of outer space and its uses? Critical

2023

This article presents the design and implementation of a communications system to receive information about the status, height, speed, temperature or any other type of variable of interest from vehicles such as balloons or experimental rockets. In a first iteration, the system was designed to achieve transmission distances in the order of dozens kilometers but leaving some margin to extend the operating range to up to 100 km in line of sight. At the beginning of the project different factors such as the use of a frequency band suitable for this type of applications, the modulation scheme to use and a data protocol were analyzed. Subsequently, the most appropriate commercial devices to implement each of the system blocks were selected. With these components a first prototype of the telemetry board was built and the necessary tests to verify the correct performance of it were conducted. Finally, the design and implementation of the flight hardware was carried out and the final tests that fully validated the proposed design were performed.

2023, Anais do 14º Simpósio Brasileiro de Automação Inteligente

2023, Journal of development and social sciences

During the last few decades, space has gained extensive importance in many aspects of military operations. The 'Star Wars' started in military competition and is still a main component of military. Today Eagle is sole super power of the world and space as well but this position is not sure in future due to Dragon rising, as global power in both hard and soft power. A strong example of this doctrine was Dragon ASAT test in January 2007, which was a clear wakeup call for Eagle and greatly influenced the security and military capabilities of the Eagle and rest of the world as well. India is also investing huge amount on its space program and singed a bilateral agreement with U.S and Israel to establish collaboration in the both civilian and military space program and nuclear deal as well. This space cooperation and nuclear deal has deeply affected the security environment of South Asia and opened the eyes of both China and Pakistan. A new 'Star Wars' between Eagle and Dragon is also the base of South Asian space race that is a disaster for the peace and security of South Asia and would make dangerous zone of the world. Therefore, Pakistan must accept and deal with the reality that conflicts and wars in today's world will be driven by the increasing interdependence between conventional, nuclear, and space war. The terms in this article Eagle & Dragon refer U.S & China: Eagle refers for U.S and Dragon for China.

2023

The "smallsat" revolution has created a new and immediate need for additional launch capabilities for a variety of small payloads, ranging from 1-U CubeSats to larger smallsats of various different designs and applications, ranging up to 500 kg or even larger. An important component of this new market is the variety not only of types of satellites and organizations building them but also the new, very large constellations that will be launching hundreds and even many thousands of small satellites that will drive many of the new launcher needs. Part 4.1 has covered the traditional and existing launch capabilities, such as Soyuz, Ariane, Delta, Atlas,

2023, Springer eBooks

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and... more

2023, arXiv: Signal Processing

Blockchain technology can play a vital role in the space industry and exploration. This magic technology can provide decentralized and secure techniques for processing and manipulating space resources as space digital tokens. Tokenizing space resources such as orbits, satellites, spacecraft, orbital debris, asteroids, and other space objects in the form of blockchain-based digital tokens will reflect plenty of various applications in the space mining industry. Moreover, Blockchain algorithms based on smart contracts can be utilized for tracking all space transactions and communications in a transparent, verifiable, and secure manner. This paper is one of the first attempts towards conceptually investigating adopting blockchain theory in the space industry based on space digital token concept. A new conceptual blockchain in space industry framework is proposed, and new models are created for introducing proposed solutions for some major challenges in the space industry and exploratio...

2023, Geoarchaeology

On October 4, 1957, Homo sapiens crossed a new threshold of technological innovation after constructing an artifact capable of entering Low Earth Orbit and effectively paving the way for a future of space exploration. This artifact was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet space program which triggered the "space race" of the mid-20th century. Over the past 65 years, we have continued to explore and populate our solar system with rockets and spacecraft including satellites, probes, landers, and rovers. This expansion into our solar system has left traces of our presence on several planets including the Earth, Mars, Mercury, and Venus along with Earth's Moon, Titan, and several galaxy travelers in the form of asteroids and comets. Today, we have entered the realm of a new privatized and global space race, effectively a "new space race" or "new Space Age." As we expand our material footprint into new extraterrestrial environments, there is a growing need to understand the types of unique site formation processes capable of altering, destroying, or preserving this rapidly increasing archaeological record known as space heritage. Such understandings are germane to the subdiscipline of geoarchaeology, that part of archaeology dedicated to studying the interaction between humans, cultural heritage, and environmental systems from a geoscience perspective. Closely aligned and partially overlapping with the subdisciplines of space archaeology, archaeological science, and planetary geology, we introduce a new subfield we call planetary geoarchaeology to open discussion about how geoarchaeologists can play a role in addressing current and future issues surrounding the preservation and management of space heritage. To demonstrate the potential of the subdiscipline, we focus on the current archaeological record of the Moon, describe lunar site formation processes, and discuss the implications for the current and future preservation of space heritage in the lunar setting. Planetary geoarchaeology can be applied to practically every type of extraterrestrial environment, provided humans have left behind a measurable record. We hope this paper will spur more research studying human-environment interaction in space.

2023

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalhó e a construção de uma interface gráfica computacional que estuda o com-portamento da população de uma região. O modelo matemático utilizadó e o modelo de Verhulst [1], dado por: dP dt = rP (1 − P P ∞) , onde P (t) ´ e o valor da população em cada instante, P (0) = P 0 , P ∞ ´ e o valor limite da população e r ´ e a taxa de crescimento. Neste trabalho, a taxa de crescimentó e considerada como um parâmetro fuzzy obtida atráves de um Sistema Baseado em Regras Fuzzy [2]; onde as variáveis de entrada são a taxa de crescimento vegetativo e a de migração e a variável de saídá e a taxa de crescimento populacional. A Figura 1 apresenta a interface gráfica computacional desenvolvida no software Matlab. Inserindo-se cinco anos e cinco dados de população correspondentes distintos, em ordem crescente; o programa computacional utiliza o Modelo de Verhulst e o Método dos Quadrados Mínimos para determinar uma aproximação do valor limite da população P ∞ e o coeficie...

2023, Der Tagesspiegel

Der Weltraum ist eine große Projektionsfläche für Hoffnungen und Sehnsüchte. Wie das unsere Kultur geprägt und die Menschen verändert hat, erklärt der Weltraumhistoriker Alexander Geppert.

2023, European Journal of American Studies

This article traces the history of US and Soviet reconnaissance satellites during the Cold War. It fills the gap in historiography of the Space Race that has inadequately studied military space programs and focused largely on civilian spaceflight, with the Apollo Moon landings being a prime example. It argues that the military satellites employed by both the US and Soviets offered unprecedented amounts of information on the other side and eliminated the issue of lacking intelligence that characterized the early Cold War. This in turn allowed for a more peaceful coexistence between these two ideologically opposed superpowers. Spy satellites allowed for a better assessment of the other side’s military strength, created a system of early warning for nuclear attacks, and offered a non-invasive way of verifying arms control treaties. These reconnaissance satellites and their successors play this important role up to this day.

2023, The Routledge Handbook of Social Studies of Outer Space

Satellites, those natural or artificial bodies that orbit other bodies, occupy a privileged place within the imaginary and the practices of the so-called “space community” in Mexico. In this text, based on ethnographic and documentary... more

2023, 4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities

Cosmos Aerospace Association is a leading engineering students’ group, located in the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) in Madrid, Spain. Providing a one-of-a-kind opportunity to all varieties of students for both personal and engineering growth, it is one of the few active aerospace student associations in Spain. Within this work, we introduce the achievements, influence and lessons learned from our association in these years. We focus on its educational impact in the environment of the university: not only from the perspective of aerospace-related degrees but also in the promotion of STEM careers on students of all ages. Conceived by undergraduate aerospace students and supported by professors and university staff, Cosmos was born to provide a creative and learning environment in the promotion of our passion for space and science in general. Bringing together students with similar mindsets, it has become a symbiotic platform in which all university actors share their efforts and ...

2023, Journal of Student Research

Historically, any endeavors, involving the term ‘space’, were perceived as operations undertaken by large government organizations with an emphasis on the scientific aspect, rather than a business one. However, over the last two decades, the structure of the space industry is rapidly being transformed and privatized due to the growth in commercial applications and the catalyzing entry of billionaires such as Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos. This paper offers a case study analysis of the private sector’s growing influence in the space industry through a combination of a quantitative analysis and an in-depth review of the surrounding literature. The results show that the commercial economy now accounts for almost 80% of the monetary size of the space industry and is expected to drive most of the growth in future. Further, a forecast of the future size of the space economy suggests it could touch almost US$1.5 trillion by 2040, dominated by the private sector. A regression analysis conducted ...