Roman burial practices Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Bryn Mawr Classical Review

2025, • Davies, G. 2025. ‘West Norfolk in the Middle Anglo-Saxon period: 25 years of changing approaches and perceptions’

Part III considers wider aspects of the Anglo-Saxon economy. Matilda Holmes and Helena Hamerow draw upon their research undertaken as part of the FeedSax project to provide a zooarchaeological perspective on agriculture and trade in Anglo-Saxon England. In our final paper, Neil Faulkner sets out in his characteristically ebullient fashion his hypothetical model for the development of the political economy of Middle Anglo-Saxon England which grew out of his fieldwork at Sedgeford. This paper forms a pair with that also published posthumously in the FeedSax conference volume (Faulkner 2022) and it is to be regretted that we will not get to see how this model might have been refined in light of further research and discussion. Following the conference, Neil became very ill with an aggressive form of lymphoma and he passed away in February 2022. Neil remained industrious throughout the period of his illness and we are fortunate that he was able to provide a finished draft of his paper and was also able to play an active role in editing some of the other papers presented in this volume. In recognition of the great debt which the Sedgeford project and many of the individual contributors to this volume owe to Neil, the following section presents a selection of the tributes paid to Neil by members of the SHARP community, and we are pleased to be able to dedicate this volume to his memory. Anderson, S. 2024. Tradition and Innovation: six centuries of pottery production, use and disposal in Late Saxon to late medieval East Anglia. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of East Anglia.

2025, Archaeologia cantiana

Research into the evolution of the Lydden Valley marshes, with the suggestion that the reclamation of these might have begun as early as the Roman period (Lydden Valley Research Group [LVRG] 2006, 35-6). re-focussed attention on the role of the presumed villa at Hull Place, situated immediately adjacent to the marshland (Fig. ). This, together with the continued development of the area occupied by the villa as a popular fishery and leisure park (Cottington Lakes), indicated that a reexamination of this little known Roman site was becoming increasingly important, both from the point of view of local archaeological research and conservation management. Accordingly, a programme of investigation was undertaken by members of the Dover Archaeological Group between 2005 and 2007, working in association with the newly formed LVRG The primary aim of the project was to re-confirm the existence of Roman building remains here and to establish something of their preservation, character and date-range. Particular importance was attached to determining the extent of the remains so that appropriate sections could be left undisturbed in any future development of the area. Working with a small team on a part-time basis, in a field used as a camping ground, total

2025, Иновативно и интерактивно представяне на археологическо и етнографско наследство/ Innovative and interactive representaion of archaeological and ethnographical heritage

In 1954 a grave was found in accidental circumstances at the foot of “Zaychi vrah” near the village of Kabile, Yambol region. Among the preserved items from the inventory are a bronze instrument, bronze anthropomorphic balsamarium and a... more

2025, YOZGAT Arkeoloji ve Sanat Tarihi

Yozgat İli, Hititler’in çekirdek bölgesi Kızılırmak kavsi içerisinde yer alması nedeniyle her zaman için araştırmacıların ilgi odağında olmuştur. Kızılırmak kavsi içerisinde 20. yy.’da yapılan çalışmalarla son derece önemli merkezler tespit edilmiştir. Orta Anadolu arkeolojisi açısından oldukça önemli bir konuma sahip olan Yozgat’ta 1900’lü yılların başından itibaren yapılan kazı ve yüzey araştırmalarıyla, bölgedeki Hitit yayılımı öne çıkmıştır. Hitit İmparatorluğu’nun başkenti Boğazköy/Hattuşa’nın güneydoğu ve güneybatısında yapılan ilk çalışmalarla Yozgat bölgesindeki Hitit varlığı kanıtlanmıştır. 1920’li yıllarda H.H. von der Osten yönetiminde Alişar Höyük’te yapılan sistemli kazı çalışmaları Yozgat İli’ndeki Hitit yayılım alanını göstermiştir. 20. yy.’ın sonları ve 21. yy.’ın başlarında Yozgat’ta gerçekleştirilen yüzey araştırmaları ve kazılarla bölgedeki Hitit hakimiyeti daha net ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Alişar Höyük ve çevresi, Yassı Höyük, Çadır Höyük, Uşaklı Höyük’te yapılan yüzey araştırmaları, Uşaklı Höyük ve Çadır Höyük’te gerçekleştirilen sistemli arkeolojik kazılar ve son yıllardaki yüzey araştırmaları Yozgat’taki Hitit dönemi arkeolojisine yeni veriler kazandırmıştır. Yozgat’ta yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya çıkarılan mimari yapılar ve taş ocakları, tespit edilen pişmiş toprak kap parçaları, mühürler, steller ve çivi yazılı tabletler MÖ 2. bin yılda bölgedeki Hitit yayılım alanının varlığı net bir şekilde kanıtlanmıştır.

2025, SAGA 40 / RAAP rapport 6266

From 2022 to 2024, we reviewed parts of the documentation of the former municipal archaeological service of the municipality of Heerlen (NL). The results of this study are presented in two volumes, of which this is the second. This volume... more

2025, SAGA 40 / RAAP rapport 6266

2025, Dunafüred-Déligát. Matrica vicvs.

From the huge amount of the finds explored (yrs 1972-73) at Matrica vicvs bath-house(balnevm) and uploaded already here( Dunafüred-Déligát) we are dealing shortly with a curious artefact.

2025, In honorem Adrian Ardeţ: omagiu la 65 de ani

Viminacium is the capital city of the Roman province of Upper
Moesia (Serbia). Necropolises including more than 14,000 excavated graves of cremations and inhumations are the site’s most well-known feature. Within the melted mortar mass of these burials, three cremations including gilded anthropomorphic lime plaster figurines and heads have been discovered in the last fifteen years. Eleven variously preserved figurines, including seven heads, three zoomorphic forms, and several arm and limb fragments were singled out after conservation and restoration. We propose the theory that the figurines from Viminacium were decorations for a funerary bed (lectus funebris), which was probably made of wood. The anthropomorphic figurines from graves most likely depict a mythical scene with deities and heroes in a composition, perhaps a procession. For a few of them we were able to identify certain Roman pantheon deities. According to the stylistic characteristics of the figurines from Viminacium and funerary practice, we can associate them with Hellenistic-Oriental influences that could also be linked to the population that once lived in this city.
The types of graves in which they were found, as well as the modest inventory of graves suggest that the gilded figurines chronologically belonged to the period from the middle of the 2nd to the middle of the 3rd century.

2025, Heritage

This study investigates the Roman land division system, centuriation, using LIDAR data and historical data to understand the landscape during the Roman period, in this case between Roman cities such as Siscia and Andautonia. LIDAR data analysis provided evidence of the preservation of the Roman centuriation system in the present day Turopoljski Lug forest. The azimuth suggests that centuriation aligned with Siscia's ager, while the precise territorial limits between the two agers remain unclear. Additionally, the orientation of Siscia's streets and the alignment of modern roads like Zagrebačka street suggest continuity of the Roman road system. The research also sheds light on the agricultural nature of the region in the Roman period, challenging traditional views of Turopolje as a marshy, forested area from prehistoric periods. The presence of Roman-era drainage systems and the re-evaluation of the historical landscape indicate that the region was actively cultivated. The study also discusses the abandonment of the centuriation system after the Roman period and its subsequent transformation into forested land. Future research should focus on the exact borders between the agers of Siscia and Andautonia and the ongoing influence of Roman land division on later historical landscapes.

2025

An excavation at The Mead, Whitchurch, revealed Iron Age and Roman enclosures, a trackway and a small group of graves. Apart from two redeposited flints, the earliest remains were of an enclosure broadly dated to the Iron Age. During the Late Iron Age and Early Roman periods, the enclosure system was developed and expanded. Features indicating occupation suggest this formed part of a farmstead. After the Roman occupation ceased during the 2nd century AD, the site seems to have been largely abandoned but a trackway was laid out, alongside which were several inhumation graves. At least some of these graves were probably later Roman, based on the presence of hobnailed footwear. A possible grave lacked human remains but contained a copper-alloy nail cleaner datable to the Roman or Anglo-Saxon periods. Activity resumed in the post-medieval period when a ditch was dug corresponding with a field boundary shown on the 1884 Ordnance Survey map.

2025, Studia Universitatis Hereditati

Between 2001 and 2004, the roadside and customs station of Romula, which is mentioned in Ancient
Roman itineraries, was excavated at the site of Ribnica near Brežice on the Aquliea–Emona–Siscia road.
The more significant part of the settlement, the remains of the Roman road, and the western necropolis with 131 graves were uncovered. At Ribnica, as at several other burial sites in south-eastern Slovenia
and north-western Croatia, four graves were discovered, containing eight house urns altogether. House
urns are predominantly found in the richer graves, which is reflected both in the grave architecture itself and in the grave goods. The time span of the burials with house urns at Romula ranges from the midfirst century to the end of the second century. Regarding form, decoration, and method of manufacture, the house urns from Ribnica cannot be fully compared with finds from other sites, such as the
nearby Dvorce near Čatež, Drnovo, or Draga near Bela Cerkev. They seem to be most closely related to
those from Veliki Kamen and to the Bela Krajina specimens from Rosalnice or Borštek near Metlika,
although even in these comparisons, many differences can be noted.
Keywords: Romula, Pannonia, road station, customs station, western necropolis, house urns, Latobici

2025, Študijné zvesti Archeologického ústavu SAV

Scorrione-West, dated to 4 th -6 th centuries AD, represents a unique site, both archaeologically and methodologically. Archaeological material suggests intermingling of various cultural groups. The presented report aims to add more data regarding the human aspect at Scorrione. It provides initial findings and results of anthropological analysis of the human remains excavated at the site during the season 2020 -2021. Minimum number of excavated individuals was 16. In graves from the inner cave, young and prime-age adults, both males and females, were buried, all younger than 40 years of age. All but one grave contained the remains of more than one individual, even though flooding may have played a role. In Grave 40, five individuals with no apparent relation with each other were buried, probably not at the same time. The results of macroscopical osteological analysis appear to be consistent with archaeological data suggesting mostly hard-working individuals and the presence of multiple cultural groups, even though the 16 individuals do not necessarily represent the whole community.

2025, Wenham, L.P. and Heywood, B. The 1968 to 1970 Excavations in the Vicus at Malton, North Yorkshire

Report on the objects of bone, antler and ivory fomr Malton fort vicus. A group of 35 finds, mostly stratified and illustrated.

2025

Several Late Turon places of community worship have been located in recent years, three of which have been explored: Amboise, Panzoult and Ciran (Indre-et-Loire). They have one pre-eminent trait in common, namely the presence of large quantities of coins, but they also present a number of differences: their context, their topography, particular aspects of consumption, and specific ritual treatment of certain types of find (burnt pottery and animal bone assemblages or even mutilated coins).

2025, Excavations at Boxfield Farm, Chells, Stevenage, Hertfordshire

A small collection of finds, but includes a well dated collection of hair pins.

2025, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology

Archaeological work at Gabii in Italy has revealed burials in the settlement area dating to three different time periods: Iron Age, Archaic and Imperial. In this paper, we investigate the genetic characteristics of the people buried at Gabii, integrating mitochondrial DNA evidence with archaeological and historical contexts to address questions about community and population dynamics, such as whether biological lineages persisted through time and whether there were biological links among high-status and anomalous burials. We discovered that the people buried at Gabii showed biological links within but not between time periods. Although the majority of the skeletal remains of the individuals in this project were lost in a 2020 wildfire, future work using the genomic libraries prepared for this study is planned, provided that the endogenous aDNA content is sufficient for analysis.

2025, Ожерелье с монетами из женского погребения а Павловом погосте: итоги реставрации и изучения

The article focuses on the history of the finding and previous use of a necklace with coins on it; the necklace was retrieved from a female burial discovered in the early twentieth century in the Gdov District, Pskov Region. The metal used for the coins was studied during the necklace restoration; signs of welding and traces of bails were discovered. It was established that the bails had been attached to the coins using a combination of riveting and welding.

2025

This report presents the results of recent excavation and a field-walking survey at Redfolds Farm and Beedings Castle, near Nutbourne, Pulborough. It also publishes for the first time material from this site retained by the late Con Ainsworth. Late Iron Age and early Roman finds of pottery, including imported Dressel 1 amphorae and ‘Pulborough’ samian, coins and ceramic building material, are reported and discussed. Through the fieldwork and archive reassessment undertaken as part of the Beedings survey, Beedings Hill can now be confirmed as a site with significant high-status Late Iron Age and RomanoBritish activity. Strong evidence has been identified for trading contacts with the continent in the form of wine amphorae, other ceramics and Late Iron Age coinage. Insights are gained into Iron Age decorated pottery groups and the local production of samian in the 2nd century AD. The significance of this evidence in understanding the distribution of political power in Late Iron Age We...

2025

Archaeological investigations at Weedon Hill, Aylesbury uncovered some later Bronze Age/Early Iron Age activity but the main phase of occupation was a Romano-British settlement of 2nd-4th century date. This included a complex structure, interpreted as a malt house, and a field system. Extensive environmental remains were recovered indicative of malting. Limited artefactual material was recovered, perhaps reflecting the status of the site although these excavations may not have uncovered the main focus of the settlement. Finds from the metal detector survey indicate that mid-17th century military activity occurred in the vicinity, which seems to support the location of the known Civil War action although its precise form cannot be verified. 1 10 3. in 481000 480900 0 100m 215700 Coombe containing palaeochannel Later prehistoric Romano-British Undated Ridge and furrow

2025, Международные отношения в бассейне Черного моря в древности и средние века: Материалы XIV Всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием (Ростов-на-Дону, 12–17 мая 2025 г.) / отв. ред. А.Н. Коваленко

Данная работа посвящена группе перстней IV–III вв. до н.э., обнаруженных в ходе работ на могильнике Елизаветовского городища. Четыре бронзовых литых перстня входили в состав погребального инвентаря погребения № 52. Помимо указанных... more

2025

Brno (CZ), Institute for Archaeological Heritage (ÚAPP) Jílek, Jan Brno (CZ), Masaryk University Brno (CZ), Institute for Archaeological Heritage (ÚAPP)

2025, May, J. Dragonby, Report on Excavations at an Iron Age and Romano-British Settlement in North Lincolnshire

Moderate collection from an Iron Age and Roman rural site (but quite a rich one).

2025, Evans, E. (ed) Caerleon Canabae : Excavations in the Civil settlement 1984 – 1990.

The jet, shale and bone and antler objects

2025, Cool, H.E.M. The Roman Cemetery at Brougham, Cumbria. Excavations 1966 – 67.

The bone, antler and ivory objects from the roman cemtery. Particularly important collection of veneers, possibly from funeral biers, mainly of the third century. The whole volume is downloaded from ADS (Archaeology Data Service) -... more

2025, Philips, J. and Wilson, P. Life, Death and Rubbish Disposal in Roman Norton, North Yorkshire. Excavations at Brooklyn House 2015-16. Oxford

Mainly the work of Hiliary Cool - my contribution on the bone and antler objects. Includes finds from a bustum burial

2025

WILLIAM VAN ANDRINGA 1 AVEC LA COLLABORATION DE KALLE KORHONEN 2 DÉFUNTS ET VISITEURS DES ENCLOS LES INSCRIPTIONS Ce corpus rassemble vingt-deux textes (inscriptions lapidaires, peintes et graffiti) dont dix inédits, provenant des enclos 21, 23, 25 et 25a OS. ENCLOS 21 OS ET SECTEUR 210 1. Épitaphe de Stallia Haphe Stèle anthropomorphe en marbre blanc, sculptée dans une plaque de remploi, complète. Orifice sur la partie basse de la stèle. Découverte en 1954, signalée sur le cahier de fouille (p. 47, 18 octobre 1954). Dégagée à nouveau en 2007 à son emplacement d'origine. Marquage de la tombe 202 (US 21018), disposé à l'intérieur de l'enclos 21 OS, le long du mur est, entre les sépultures 201 et 203. Conservée au dépôt archéologique de la Soprintendenza («Granaio») : Dimension de la stèle : 64 × 22,5 (épaule) / 22 (tête) × 2,8 cm.

2025, Lucerna

Two short papers on Roman bone pendants in the shape of fish

2025, L. Pecchioli, A. D'Alessio, R. Meneghini, D.A. Holmes (eds.), Hazard and Disaster Risk in Ostia, between hypothesis and reality (BAR:S3210 ), Oxford 2025

In this contribution, we aim to analyze the peculiar case of a taberna located at the southwest end of the Forum of Ostia Antica. Its change of use, from a shop to a warehouse for storing spolio marble, around the second quarter of the 5th century A.D., can certainly be attributed to a natural event of extraordinary impact. The intersection of numismatic data from the study of the more than 600 coins found in the taberna with the stratigraphic sequences from which they came led to a clear interpretation of what may have happened in this building and to the city more generally. The spolio marbles bear witness to the degradation in which the public buildings pertaining to the Forum must have been in this late period.

2025, Journal of Archaeological Science

Resinous substances were highly prized in the ancient world for use in ritual contexts. Details gleaned from classical literature indicate that they played a significant role in Roman mortuary rites, in treatment of the body and as offerings at the tomb. Outside of Egypt, however, where research has shown that a range of plant exudates were applied as part of the mummification process, resins have rarely been identified in the burial record. This is despite considerable speculation regarding their use across the Roman Empire. Focusing on one region, we investigated organic residues from forty-nine late Roman inhumations from Britain. Using gas chromatographyemass spectrometry and the well-attested biomarker approach, terpenic compounds were characterized in fourteen of the burials analysed. These results provided direct chemical evidence for the presence of exudates from three different plant families: coniferous Pinaceae resins, Mediterranean Pistacia spp. resins (mastic/terebinth) and exotic Boswellia spp. gum-resins (frankincense/olibanum) from southern Arabia or beyond. The individuals accorded this rite had all been interred with a package of procedures more elaborate than the norm. These findings illuminate the multiplicity of roles played by resinous substances in Roman mortuary practices in acting to disguise the odour of decomposition, aiding temporary soft-tissue preservation and signifying the social status of the deceased. Nevertheless, it was their ritual function in facilitating the transition to the next world that necessitated transportation to the most remote outpost of the late Roman Empire, Britain.

2025, Francis M. Morris and Martin Biddle 2023 Venta Belgarum: Prehistoric, Roman, and Post-Roman Winchester, Winchester Studies 3.i.

by the late R. F. TYLECOTE Two Roman lead waste samples from the site of the forum (Insula I) at Cathedral Green were analysed: CG 2919 from a mid to late second-century layer (F.ph. 6, P.ph. 258) and CG 2920 from a mid fourth-to ?early fifth-century layer (F.ph. 14-16, P.ph. 305). 10 Both were leads and not lead-tin alloys. They were found to have a low quantity of silver (each has less than 10 ppm) and could have been produced from low-silver ores such as those in Derbyshire, or from desilverized lead. 10 Previously published in WS 7.ii, 93, Table .

2025, Farwell, D.E. and Molleston, T.I. Excavations at Poundbury 1966 - 1980. Volume II: The Cemeteries,

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2025, Green, C.S. Excavations at Poundbury, Dorchester, Dorset 1966-1982. Volume 1: The Settlements.

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2025, Wrathmell, S. and Nicholson, A. (eds) Dalton Parlours: Iron Age Settlement and Roman Villa.

2025, Yorkshire Archaeological Journal

2025, Blockley, K, M. & P., Frere, S. S. and Stowe, S. Excavations in the Marlowe Car Park and Surrounding Areas. Part II : The Finds, The Archaeology of Canterbury, 5..

Large collection of material, mostly from well stratified deposits.. An important hairpin workshop of the fourth Century.

2025, Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh Stepei (Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes)

During the Bronze Age (2250–1300 BCE), the territory of the Surxondaryo region was inhabited by bearers of a material culture known as the Sapalli culture. To date, around 70 archaeological sites and pottery locations associated with this... more

2025, Atiqot

The large-scale trial and salvage excavations at Yavne (East) uncovered the remains of seven different Roman-period burial grounds, exhibiting various burial types, including infant jar burials, simple unlined and stone-lined cist tombs, sarcophagi, a vault tomb and a mausoleum. This article focuses on a newly identified Roman-period tomb type termed "side-accessed cist tomb," the plan of which includes a horizontal entrance, a built facade and a dug courtyard. The meager finds within the three tombs of this type comprised pottery, glass vessels-including mold-blown double-head flasks-and a golden earring, which may point to its use by a Jewish, Samaritan or pagan population.

2025, Not peer-reviewed version

This study investigates the Roman land division system, centuriation, using LIDAR data and historical data to understand the landscape during the Roman period, in this case between Roman cities such as Siscia and Andautonia. LIDAR data analysis provided evidence of the preservation of Roman centuriation system in present day forest Turopoljski lug. The azimuth suggests that the centuriation aligns with Siscia's ager, while the precise territorial limits between the two agers remain unclear. Additionally, the orientation of Siscia's streets and the alignment of modern roads like Zagrebačka street suggest continuity of Roman road systems. The research also sheds light on the agricultural nature of the region, challenging traditional views of Turopolje as a swampy, forested area. The presence of Roman-era drainage systems and the re-evaluation of the historical landscape indicate that the region was actively cultivated. The study also discusses the abandonment of the centuriation system after the Roman period and its subsequent transformation into forested land. Future research should focus on the exact borders between the agers of Siscia and Andautonia, and the ongoing influence of Roman land divisions on later historical landscapes. This is the first time that centuriation grid was discovered in the continental part of Croatia.

2025, Wantsum-kanalen og Øen Thanet

Denne bog omhandler Wantsum-kanalen og Wantsum-marskens historie fra de aeldste tider til i dag og øen Thanets historie indtil øen igen blev en del af det kentiske fastland. Isle of Thanet (Øen Thanet) udgør det nordøstlige hjørne af landsdelen Kent i det sydøstlige England. Administrativt er området i dag District Thanet, der er en del af Kent County. Ved den sidste istids afslutning var Thanet en højtliggende del af et fastland, der strakte sig fra det vestlige Irland over det Irske Hav og England til Nordvesteuropa. England var således forbundet med den sydlige del af det nuvaerende Danmark, Nordtyskland, Holland, Belgien og Nordfrankrig. Den del af fastlandet, der daekkede den sydlige del af det senere Nordsøen, er siden blevet kaldt Doggerland. Dette land var blevet blotlagt på grund af den kolossale maengde af havvand, der var bundet i det kilometertykke isdaekke over det nordlige Europa, Nordamerika og (en del af) det nordlige Sibirien. Faktisk var havniveauet omkring 130 m lavere end i dag. Doggerland er også blevet kaldt "landbroen" (til kontinentet), men det var mere end det. Det var et levested for mennesker, der jagede vildt, fangede fisk, fødte børn og blev begravet der. Efter istiden og i varmere perioder under istiden, skete der en folkevandring til og fra det vi nu kalder England. For omkring 8.000 år siden var de sidste dele af Doggerland igen sunket i havet i takt med stigende vandstand, forårsaget af isens afsmeltning. Fastlandet mellem England og Frankrig forsvandt også. Hermed blev forbindelsen til kontinentet afbrudt. Samtidig traengte havvandet ind over en lavtliggende flodslette i Kent og skabte et straede. Herved opstod en ø, der siden fik navnet Thanet. Denne ø bestod i ca. 7.500 år. Ved slutningen af 1400-talllet var straedet blevet helt opmudret og dele af området indvundet til landbrugsjord. Thanet var på ny en del af Kent. Anvendte betegnelser for Wantsum Channel : Straedet mellem Thanet og resten af Kent fik navnet " Wantsum Channel". Men det er jo tydeligvis ikke en menneskeskabt kanal; det er et straede eller et sund. På samme måde som The English Channel er en havarm og Bristol Channel er en fjord. Ikke desto mindre vil jeg for at følge den lokale tradition i det følgende kalde dette straede for hhv. Wantsum, Wantsum-kanalen, Wantsum Channel eller "kanalen". Kapitel 1. Isen Den sidste istid kaldes i England The Devensian Glaciation, mens den andre steder i Europa, således i Skandinavien kaldes Weichsel-istiden. I Weichsel gik graensen for isens fremtraengen øst for en linie fra The Wash til Middlesbrough on Tees (på østkysten) og videre nordvest for en linie fra Middlesbrough til Bristol Channel. Dvs. at Skotland, Nordengland, Vestengland, en smule af Østengland samt Irland var daekket, mens det mest e af Østengland og Sydengland var isfrit med undtagelse af enkelte områder i Devon og Somerset. Altså var hele Kent isfrit. Hvad angår isens daekningsgrad i Nordsøen er der meget delte meninger, men der synes dog at vaere enighed om, at hovedparten af Doggerland var isfrit. Det skulle så betyde, at man også under istiden kunne faerdes til fods fra det eurasiske kontinent via "landbroen" til England. Kapitel 2. Fastlandet Under den sidste istid blev en kolossal maengde vand bundet i isen. Vandstanden i havet sank og var ved istidens maksimum omkring 130 meter lavere end nu. Som følge heraf blev store områder af land synlige over havet. Denne fastlandstid, som den er blevet kald t, varede ved i flere tusinde år efter at vi var gået ind i den nuvaerende mellemistid. I fastlandstiden var Thanet og de britiske øer i det hele taget således en del af kontinentet, og det er de for så vidt stadigvaek, dog for tiden med visse partier under havets overflade. Kontinentalskraenten-der markerer overgangen fra kontinentalsoklen til havbunden-befinder sig i Atlanterhavet op til 200 km eller mere fra den irske vestkyst. Landbroen mellem kontinentet og England-med Doggerland og Dogger Banke.-Francis Lima,Doggerland3er en,CC BY-SA 4.0 Kalkklinterne ved Dover og på Thanet ligner formationerne ved Calais og Boulogne i Frankrig. Der må i sin tid have vaeret kystforbindelser fra Margate og fra sydkysten af Kent til Calais-Boulogne-området. Der har altså vaeret en adgangsvej til England bl.a. via Thanet. Der er kalkformationer både på hele nordkysten og østkysten af Thanet. Edward Brayley skrev I 1806 om fastlandsforbindelsen mellem Kent og Frankrig (med henvisning til Edward Hasted's store bog om Kent, hvoraf 1.bind udkom i 1797): "The arguments advanced in support of the idea of Great Britain having anciently formed part of the Continent, are principally derived from the great resemblance which the cliffs of Dover have to those of Boulogne and Calais, on the opposite coast of France. On both shores, these cliffs consist of chalk, with flints intermixed: their faces are rugged and precipitous, appearing as if they had been rent asunder by violence; and their length on both coasts is similar, it bemg about six miles. In the strait immediately between them, the sea is also much shallower than on either side; and to this may be added, that a narrow ridge of sand, with a stony bottom, called the Rip-rapps, extends between Folkstone and Boulogne, its distance from the former being about ten miles, and its length the same: this ridge, at low spring tides, is covered with only fourteen feet water; and another ridge, called the Vane, about six miles off Dover, has scarcely more water on it at the same times, though immediately on each side of both ridges, which are but narrow, the depth increases to twenty-five fathoms." (Edward Wedlake Brayley: The beauties of England and Wales-Kent. 1806) Mudderbanker og kalkklinter i Pegwell Bay. På klinten ses bydelen Pegwell i Ramsgate.-Mudflats and chalk cliffs, Pegwell Bay by Colin Park,Mudflats and chalk cliffs, Pegwell Bay-geograph.org.uk-2153537 ,CC BY-SA 2.0 I den del af den aeldste stenalder der fulgte på den sidste istid var landskabet i Kent en tundra, men senere og isaer i mellemstenalderen bredte skovene sig. Efterhånden som vegetationen blev mere frugtbar trak dyrene over landbroen til Kent og resten af England, og efter dyrene kom menneskene. Kapitel 3. Havet Omkring 6000 år fvt (dvs i m ellemstenalderen) var vandet i havene steget så meget at det lavtliggende baelte mellem Thanet og resten af Kent blev oversvømmet og der dannedes en forbindelse mellem Nordsøen og havet øst for Kent, et baelte, der senere fik navnet Wantsum Channel. Lidt senere brød havet også igennem mellem Kent og det nuvaerende Frankrig, hvorved Strait of Dover og The English Channel blev skabt. Med andre ord: Thanet var-ligesom hele England-blevet en ø. I samme periode-5.500 år fvt.-blev floddalen Solent mellem Hampshire i Sydengland og Isle of Wight oversvømmet. Vi må forestille os, at Kent's nordlige kystlinie i den periode hvor havet brød igennem lå flere kilometer laengere ude i Nordsøen, end tilfaeldet er i dag. Der var dog en fjord der strakte sig ned til det sted hvor Reculver senere kom til at ligge. Mod øst fra St Nicholas-at-Wade til Margate var kystlinien beliggende meget laengere ude. Enorme landarealer er gået tabt til havet i tidens løb. Også mellem Reculver og Herne Bay og endnu laengere mod vest er meget store kyststraekninger forsvundet. "…. on the south coast, the erosion rate will have varied between 28m and 108m per 100 years (Valentin 1971). Between Selsey Bill and the mouth of the Cuckmere in East Sussex, the coastline in AD 400 may have been over 1700m further out (Goudie and Brunsden 1994, 48, fig 33). The coast of the Isle of Thanet and north Kent has lost land to a similar extent with estimates of up toc3200-4800m for the same period (Brookes 2007a, 44). Between Folkestone and Dungeness in southeast Kent, however, the loss seems to have been far less, estimated at c3-400m (Hole 1957; Young 2004)." (A Maritime Archaeological Research Agenda for England. The Early Medieval. (The Early Medieval-A Maritime Archaeological Research Agenda for England (researchframeworks.org)) Øverst på formularen Kapitel 4. Kanalen og Øen 4a: Kanalen Ved foldningerne af grundfjeldet for mange millioner siden blev Thanet formet som en opadbøjet bue, en anticline, der var højest mod vest. Vest for Thanet formedes en nedadbøjet bue, en syncline. Det var i denne forsaenkning at havet brød igennem. Da havet for omkring 8000 år siden dannede Wantsum-kanalen, så blev d enne stadig bredere og med dybe fjorde ind i fastlandet. Den modsatte udvikling, tilsandingen og opmudringen må vaere begyndt tidligt , men først få hundrede år efter vores tidsregnings begyndelse blev den omtalt i kilderne som maerkbar. Kanalens bredde angives hos kirkehistorikeren Bede som 3 furlongs dvs. ca. 600 m. (altså oplysninger fra begyndelsen af 700-tallet). Men det er højst usandsynligt at Bede selv har vaeret på stedet, og hans oplysninger er meget usikre. Bede skrev, at Wantsum kun kan passeres to steder. "On the east of Kent is the large Isle of Thanet, containing, according to the English way of reckoning, 600 families, divided from the mainland by the river Wantsum, which is about three furlongs in breadth, and which can be crossed only in two places; for at both ends it runs into the sea." (" …..Tanatos insula ……. quam a continenti terra secernit fluvius Vantsumu".) (Bede: Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum. 731) Dertil kommer at afstanden mellem straedets bredder har skiftet meget i tidens løb og at bredden har vaeret vidt forskellig på forskellige straekninger. Bredden af kanalen ved Minster er på et tidspunkt blevet vurderet til 3 km. Bredden af den nordlige og den østlige udmunding har ca. vaeret hhv. 4000 m. og 3000 m., mellem Sarre og Wall End har der vaeret 1800 m. og mellem Sarre og Stourmouth Island 1500 m. Disse beregninger er foretaget på grundlag af udstraekningen af laget af alluvium, det materiale af sand, mudder og grus, der er medført af floderne og deponeret i Wantsum-kanalen (Dave Perki...

2025, Nizhnevolzhskiy Arkheologicheskiy Vestnik

During a comprehensive exploration of the Southern suburb of Tauric Chersonesos in 2021-2023, about 340 cremation sites were discovered; those were designated locations where the bodies of the deceased buried in the necropolis were burned according to the cremation rite. These structures had the appearance of pits of various sizes with heavily calcined walls and bottoms. A characteristic feature of most of the complexes is the presence of a special truncated-conical protrusion located in the central part of one of the walls and serving as a kind of blower. At the bottom of the sites, there was a layer of ash and cinders containing burnt bone fragments and human teeth. The accompanying burial material is sparse. These are mainly fragments of ceramic and glass vessels, small metal items, beads, etc. Against this background, the wealth of the cremation site 7 (excavation 4.1) stands out noticeably. Among other things, it contained a set of gold jewelry: a miniature fibula, a large ring with a lost insert, a corrugated bead with a teardrop-shaped pendant, two similar beaded pendants without pendants, five sewn-on plaques, two trefoils, and 116 scraps of foil. All these objects are quite valuable both in cultural and chronological terms. The abundance of gold products in it is indicative, testifying to the high social status of the cremated individual (individuals?). The fibula dates the monument back to the late 1 st century AD. It is interesting to note that almost all the ornaments from cremation site 7 find direct analogies in the inventory of the attached crypt of 1013, widely known for the abundance of gold jewelry found in it, and which was the burial vault of the elite of the Chersonesos society. In this regard, it cannot be ruled out that the ashes of one or two buried individuals in the crypt were cremated on site 7, which is located 70 m from the area, later placed in a special, urn and buried in the tomb.

2025, Декоративное искусство и предметно-пространственная среда. Вестник РГХПУ им. С.Г. Строганова

На территории Ионии, преимущественно в Клазоменах, были найдены терракотовые, богато декорированные саркофаги (VI–V вв. до н. э.), получившие в литературе название «клазоменских». Несмотря на многочисленность публикаций, посвященных этой группе памятников, семантическое содержание их росписей по-прежнему остается предметом дискуссий. Настоящая статья посвящена одному из наиболее сложных для интерпретации образов, появляющихся в декоре ряда клазоменских саркофагов группы Альбертинум (510–480/70 гг. до н. э.), — так называемой «крылатой богине». В рамках данной публикации будут предложены рассуждения относительно разнообразия ее репрезентации и смыслового наполнения образа.
In the territory of Ionia, predominantly in Clazomenae, terracotta sarcophagi richly decorated (6th–5th centuries BC) were found, which are referred to in the publications as «Clazomenian». Despite the numerous publications dedicated to this group of monuments, the semantic content of their paintings remains a subject of debate. This article is devoted to one of the most challenging images to interpret that appears in the decoration of several Clazomenian sarcophagi from the Alberti- num group (510–480/70 BCE), — the so-called «winged goddess». In this publication, considerations regarding the diversity of her representation and the semantic content of the image will be proposed.

2025, Römische Mitteilungen 130

The initial excavation that took place under the auspices of the new DFG project, ‘The Constantinian Bishop’s Church at Ostia: Structure – Development – Context’ (Die konstantinische Bischofskirche von Ostia: Struktur – Entwicklung – Kontext) concentrated on the eastern part of the building, including the apse and presbytery. This excavation has already provided new and foundational insights that not only bring markedly greater precision to our knowledge of the Ostian cathedral, but also generally shed new light on Constantinian basilicas in the greater Roman region and provide evidence of previously unknown building phases and liturgical fixtures. For example, the foundations of the recessed apse revealed projecting walls on which columns probably stood. These columns would have framed the apse and also borne the weight of the apsidal arch. As such, this is a variant of apse architecture otherwise
undocumented in Rome, now evident at the very beginning of Constantine’s church construction programme. Secondarily, a solea was built into the nave that likewise displays an unusual form. Finally, a chord of the apse was added most likely during the late 6th or early 7th century, probably when the apse was renovated after it was partially destroyed. Such a renovation project attests to a surprising degree of economic potential held by the Ostian bishopric, even at this relatively late stage of the city’s history.

2025, A budaörsi római vicus temetője. Régészeti Tanulmányok

DER RÖMISCHE VICUS VON BUDAÖRS
In Budaörs, in der Flur Kamaraerdő, führte die Direktion der Museen des Komitats Pest (Pest Megyei Múzeumok Igazgatósága) Notgrabungen in den Jahren 2002-2003 durch. Die Fundstelle war bereits bekannt (MRT Band 7. Fo. Nr. 3/2.; Ausgrabungen von M. Kaba zwischen 1963 und 1965).
Am nördlichen Ufer des Hosszúrét-Baches, zwischen Vasút Straße, Seregélyes Straße und Szőlőskerti Straße wurde ein Gebiet mit einer Größe von etwa 19 Hektar und mit 2200 Objekten, wovon ca. 980 Objekten zur römischen Siedlung und 420 zum römischen Gräberfeld gehören, ausgegraben. Die römische Siedlung ist ca. 11 Hektar groß, aber in östliche und westliche Richtung konnte noch keine Siedlungsgrenze festgestellt werden.
Während der Ausgrabung wurden die einzelnen Teile der Grabungsfläche mit unterschiedlichen Namen und Buchstaben, abhängig von den dort gefundenen Objekten bzw. von den Investorennamen, bezeichnet. (Probeschnitte, Kanal, Regenwasserbehälter (Zisterne), römische Siedlung, Villa und Lagermax).

2025

In this dissertation, I will explore Roman cemeteries from the Principate period (1st century BC—3rd century AD) in southern Pannonia. The primary focus of the research will be on cremation burials discovered during recent excavations in... more