Roosting behaviour Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

Одни поведенческие инновации быстро распространяются «по горизонтали», в соседние районы города, поскольку легко «подхватываются» особями, не являющимися потомками «изобретателей» и прямо с ними не контактировавшими. Так было с прокалыванием синицами крышечек из фольги на молочных бутылках в Великобритании, потом и в Европе. В других случаях инновации «держатся» в месте возникновения, почти не распространяясь «в стороны», поскольку передаются лишь «по вертикали», к потомкам и/или ближайшим соседям особей, их «открывших». Таково воровство сахара из пакетиков, открыто выкладываемых в отелях; впервые его отметили не более 20 лет назад у двух видов снегирёвых овсянок, потом также и у других. Сответствующие исследования пересказаны в данном материале

2025, indianbirds.in

Ibis is a new addition to the nesting of birds at Kumarakom and a breeding range-extension of the species into Kerala in recent years. This area formerly known as the Baker Estate, measures 112 acres. Situated 14 km west of Kottayam town, and at the eastern fringe of Vembanad Lake, a Ramsar Site and one of the biggest estuaries in the south-west coast of India. The Tourist Complex lies between 76 0 25' -76 0 26' E and 9 0 37' -9 0 38' N. Sixty-four nests of the Oriental White Ibis were found in this heronry during July -September 2004. Earlier nesting of Oriental White Ibis was not recorded from this part. This is the second nesting report of this species from Kerala. First nesting report was by from Panamaram heronry of Wayanad district; seven nests were reported during 2002 and 2003. During the first week of June the Oriental White Ibis population was less in the heronry but the species was found to be very common in the nearby paddy fields. Towards the middle of the month its number increased to 128. Although the birds in breeding plumage were spotted in the locality, they spent more time inside the heronry than other periods. Five nests of the Oriental White Ibis were found on 08.vi.2004, in a mangrove tree Sonneratia caseolaris overgrown with a mangrove associate Flagellaria indica [a climber with disjunct distribution in the west coast of India ] standing in the marsh. These five nests were found on the same tree along with a nest of the Large Egret. On 14.vi.2004 another 27 nests were found in the marsh built on an exotic mangrove associate Annona glabra covered with Flagellaria indica. Total 64 nests of Oriental White Ibises were found at the site from first of week of July to September. Every week its number was also noted, their highest count was 208 and the lowest was 37. They were present at a mean density of 103 +

2025, EM international

The Indian Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii) and Gray Heron (Ardea cinerea) are key avian species inhabiting various aquatic environments across India. They play a vital role in wetland ecosystems by controlling fish populations and indicating environmental health. This study investigates their ecological aspects in the Udaipur and Chittorgarh districts of southern Rajasthan, focusing on habitat preferences, feeding behaviors, breeding patterns, and seasonal activity variations. Field surveys were conducted throughout the year 2023, using direct observation, photography, and local interviews to collect data. Udaipur and Chittorgarh districts, characterized by diverse water bodies and significant tree species such as Banyan (Ficus benghalensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), and Neem (Azadirachta indica), provide ideal habitats for these herons. Results indicate that Indian Pond Herons prefer shallow and vegetated wetlands for nesting, while Gray Herons favor taller trees and artificial structures. Population density varied, with higher densities of Indian Pond Herons in Udaipur compared to Chittorgarh, while Gray Herons showed more uniform distribution. Feeding behaviors differed, with Indian Pond Herons using a 'sit-and-wait' strategy and Gray Heron's actively of stalking prey. Breeding patterns were observed with Indian Pond Herons nesting in dense vegetation and Gray Herons in taller trees. This study highlights the importance of diverse wetland habitats for supporting heron populations and suggests that conservation efforts should focus on preserving these habitats. Future research should explore the impact of human activities and climate change on these ecosystems to develop effective conservation strategies.

2024, Journal of entomology and zoology studies

The present study was carried out to assess the feeding habits and roosting preferences of Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) at Punjab Agricultural University Campus, Ludhiana (Location I) and Village Baranhara, Ludhiana (Location II) from March 2016 to February 2017. Indian Peafowl had showed preference for plant parts like flowers, leaves and fruits of wide ranging cultivated crops and indigenous trees. It was further recorded that the preference of food items depended upon the local crops, scrub vegetation and uncultivated areas. Roosting was noted on indigenous trees at location I as compared to buildings/ roofs at location II. Indian Peafowl mainly used tree species such as Eucalyptus, Pear, Poplar, Lasura, Amaltas, Peepal, Jamun, Mango, Banyan, Pilkhan, Dhek for roosting. Analysis of feeding habits and roosting preferences will be both for conservation initiatives for Indian Peafowl and to minimize the conflict with farmers.

2024, ZOO'S PRINT

The Tricolour Pied Flat Coladenia indrani (Moore, 1866), is a butterfly of Pyrginae of family Hesperiidae (family of skippers). It is a medium-sized butterfly

2024, Environment and Ecology Research

Kerala, renowned for its lush landscapes, is facing environmental challenges due to rapid urbanization, particularly in Kanhangad. This area, notable for its unique wetland ecosystem crucial for biodiversity and human livelihoods, is experiencing a conflict between residential development and wetland conservation. A comprehensive study in Kanhangad, employing diverse data sources such as open-source data, Google Earth Satellite Imagery, OpenStreetMap, and tools like ArcGIS, provides a detailed analysis of land use and its environmental impacts. The study combines digital data analysis with physical surveys to understand the ecological and developmental status comprehensively. The study reveals a dominant trend in Kanhangad's land use, with residential areas comprising 52% of the total land, mostly large, detached single-family homes. This reflects a societal shift towards viewing homes as status symbols, contributing to natural resource depletion. The research underscores the need for sustainable, low-cost housing, suggesting vertical housing as a potential solution to balance residential demands with environmental conservation. Kanhangad's wetlands, essential for local biodiversity and livelihoods, face threats from urban development and infrastructural expansion. The study shows a drastic reduction in wetland area, from 12.9 km² in 2004-05 to just 1.66 km² by 2020-21, indicating severe ecological degradation. Despite the Kerala Conservation of Paddy land and Wetland Act of 2008, which aims to protect these ecosystems, its limited effectiveness is evident from the ongoing depletion of wetlands. This situation calls for stricter enforcement of environmental regulations and greater public involvement in conservation efforts. Furthermore, the research examines the Kerala Paddy and Wetland Conservation Act-2008, analysing its role and effectiveness in local environmental governance. The Act, focusing on prohibiting wetland and paddy land conversion, is vital for regional conservation. However, gaps in its implementation are highlighted, especially considering the exacerbation of the 2018 and 2019 Kerala floods due to land conversion practices. The study emphasizes the urgent need for more robust environmental protection measures

2024

Здесь я перескажу классическую статью Fisher, Hinde, 1949 об вскрывании городскими синицами крышечек бутылок с молоком, традиционно оставляемым в Англии у домов, а то её цитируют все, но почти никто не читал. Вторая пересказываемая статья их же про то же самое в Nature 1952 г.-выжимка с данной с некоторыми дополнительными новыми наблюдениями про использование этого неожиданного источника пищи. Плюс выскажу некоторые мысли по поводу и в связи, сопоставляя классику с современными данными. Обе статьи, между прочим, показывают не только рождение и распространение поведенческих инноваций, но и куда более интересное-очень быстро «изобретение» копируется близкими видами, у которых гомологичны двигательные стереотипы (то что Оскар Хейнрот назвал arteigende Triebhandlung-видоспецифическая манера держаться, aTh), и в передвижении, и в кормодобывании. И наоборот, чем дальше виды друг от друга, чем меньше можно говорить о такой гомологии, тем позже и менее полно копируется данный навык, скорей, стимулированные новой возможностью добытия пищи, данные виды изобретают что-то подобное заново. См. например, таблицу числа случаев открывания бутылок несиницами в конце статьи.

2024, Urban Ecosystems

towards temperate cities of the global north (McDonald et al. 2020; Rega-Brodsky et al. 2022). This substantial bias prevents global-scale extrapolations of the consequences of increased urbanisation especially since new work is discovering that, contrary to long-standing assumptions, crowded tropical cities in the global south retain high levels of biodiversity (Rawal et al. 2021a, b). Crowded cities with continuous noisy human activities appear to be improbable refugia for wild species since conditions ostensibly have negative impacts on critical behaviours such as roosting (resting, including sleep) and reproduction. Conditions in cities force species to find man-made structures that mimic natural habitats (Mohanty et al. 2021) or alter habits (Muller et al. 2020) towards these essential behaviours. Urban areas are, however, not always detrimental as some species successfully track urban resources (Pomeroy and Kibuule 2017; Spelt et al. 2019). A generalization of conditions inside cities that favour or are detrimental to individual species, however, is not yet

2023, Frontiers in Microbiology

Soil microorganisms and free-living nematodes were investigated in association with the nesting and roosting habitats of the following piscivorous and omnivorous colonial birds: black kite (Milvus migrans), great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and little egret (Egretta garzetta), in Israel's Mediterranean region. Abiotic variables, abundance, trophic structure, sex ratio and genus diversity of soil free-living nematodes, and total abundance of bacteria and fungi, were measured during the wet season, following our previous study conducted during the dry season. The observed soil properties were important drivers of soil biota structure. Presence of the most efficient elements for soil organisms, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, was strongly dependent on the diet of the compared piscivorous and omnivorous bird colonies; levels of these nutrients were notably higher in the bird habitats than in their respective control sites during the study period. Ecological indices showed that the different species of colonial birds can have different (stimulatory or inhibitory) impacts on abundance and diversity of the soil biota, affecting the structure of the soil free-living nematode population at the generic, trophic and sexual levels during the wet season. A comparison with results from the dry season illustrated that seasonal fluctuations can change, and even attenuate the effect of bird activity on the abundance, structure and diversity of the soil communities.

2023, Amurskij zoologičeskij žurnal

Права: © Авторы (2021). Опубликовано Российским государственным педагогическим университетом им. А. И. Герцена. Открытый доступ на условиях лицензии CC BY-NC 4.0. Аннотация. Данная работа проведена в 2004-2006 гг. в северной (от побережья Татарского пролива, п. Сизиман на юг до р. Самарги) и центральной (Спасский р-н, с. Гайворон) частях ареала чернобровой камышевки. Получены новые интересные сведения по разным аспектам репродуктивной биологии, линьке и поведению этого вида. Определены географические различия в сроках размножения, выборе гнездовых биотопов, форме, размерах и составе гнезд, размерах кладок, темпах роста птенцов. Определены причины репродуктивных потерь и факторы, влияющие на них. Описана линька взрослых и молодых птиц.

2023

По завершению послегнездовых перемещений, в августе-сентябре, большие пёстрые дятлы занимают территории в плотных поселениях, и дальше охраняют их всё осень и зиму — крайне активно и жёстко. Именно в плотные поселения они стремятся в... more

2023

Vertebrate faunal species preferred different landscape depending to their feeding and shelter. Species show many kinds of responses to habitat fragmentation: Some are advantaged and increase in abundance while other decline and become locally extinct. Understanding of these diverse patterns, and the processes underlying them, is an essential foundation for conservation. By using the line transect method the assessment of presence or absence of vertebrate faunal diversity was carried out and with random quadrate sampling method, the tree density and vegetation assessment in Saurashtra University campus has been done. The data has been collected from July-2013 to December-2013. The vertebrate biodiversity according to preferable habitat or landscape has been observed. More vertebrate species diversity found in forest habitat, while scatter distribution was found on open ground. Habitat and bird community indices were strongly correlated in an independent validation datasheet, suggest...

2023, International journal of zoological investigations

Indian house crow and Indian large-billed crow are well known crow species around us. House crow is associated with human habitations and distributed in the Indian subcontinent, Nepal, up to Iran on West Asia. It has been self-introduced to several islands. Whereas large-billed crow appears in and around human habitations and also in forests up to high altitudes including Nilgiris. It is mainly distributed in South Asian countries. Both species have same foraging habitat and show association during forage. The present study is an attempt to understand the roosting behavior and roosting interactions between the house crow and large-billed crow. We have made an observational study on the factors such as arrival to and departure from roosting places, post-arrival disturbances, couple wise roosting, communication between the two bird species during their early roosting attempts, postroosting activeness during various seasons and under varied weather conditions. In our observation, we found that large-billed crows used to arrive earlier to their roosting sites compared to house crow. We even noticed a rare interaction between the two birds belonging to two different species. Both the species showed lunar phase dependent nocturnal activeness at roosting places. Several post-arrival disturbances like sudden-fly before eventide of each species was also noticed.

2023

Кроме дятлов, из "производителей" дупел в экосистемах не меньше важны бородастики, и некоторые другие группы птиц (трогоны, гаички, ряд поползней, дубоносый скворец). Приводится обзор данных о долблении и использовании дупел, гнездовом поведении, отношении к конкурентам ряда видов азиатских бородастиков. По африканским и южноамериканским, увы, практически нет данных.
Бородастики сами делают не только гнездовые, но и ночёвочные дупла. Последние немедля выдалбливаются на всякой вновь занятой территории, на открытом воздухе ночуют лишь расселяющиеся молодые; в пределах долговременных участков обитания, как и у дятлов, владелец имеет несколько ночёвочных дупел: будучи потревожен в одном из них, он скрывается в следущих.
Правда, бородастики больше дятлов зависят от мёртвой древесины, а подходящих мест для долбления дупел немного, их надо найти, и они определяются механическими свойствами субстрата. Поэтому после успешного размножения в сделанном однажды дупле они стараются там же гнездиться повторно, новые долбят лишь при невозможности этого, и преимущественно на том же суку или дереве, со «знакомыми» механическими свойствами древесины.
Долбить предпочтитают в сухих скелетных ветвях живых деревьев, в широком диапазоне углов ответвления, от полугоризонтального до почти прямого. Чаще всего бородатки не опираются на хвост при долблении, отсюда обычно расположение дупел на нижней стороне суков, отходящих под углами, близикими к горизонтали. Птицы их могут долбить, вися вниз головой (данные по Psilopogon henricii). Наилучшие гнездовые деревья для них крупноразмерные и достаточно старые, иначе не будет выбора «подходящих» суков. Бородастики предпочитают леса с их доминированием: при их наличии занимают даже участки лесов внутри урболандшафта, включая старые парки и ботанические сады.

2023

The present study deals with the documentation of the invertebrate diversity in NOU campus situated in Mayurbhanj district, the northern part of Odisha. NOU campus bears a very influential amount of invertebrate diversity. However, there is no data available on the diversity of invertebrate species at NOU campus before. The study aims to maximize and estimate the invertebrate diversity as well as ecological value, the university's biodiversity for the benefit of a wide range of flora and fauna. Our aim is not only to enhance the values of biodiversity that the NOU campus has but to develop the green space of the current estate and to contribute, whereas possible, to local, regional, and national biodiversity targets. Inside the NOU campus, varieties of ornamental trees (Syagrus romanzoffiana, Zinnia peruviana, Murraya paniculata, and Cassia fistula) have been planted, and many species of butterflies (Ariadne ariadne, Danaus chr...

2023, Amurian Zoological Journal

2023

Karmakar, D. (2002). Biology of larval development and seed production in giant freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii (De Man). Thesis submitted to West

2023, Русский орнитологический журнал

2023, Бутурлинский сборник

2023, Русский орнитологический журнал

2023, The Sparrows : A Study of the Genus Passer

Presented are the results of a preliminary study on wintering and roosting sparrows in white stork nests. Th e study was conducted in the winters of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 in the agricultural landscape of western Poland. Wintering sparrows occupied 71% of the white stork nests on at least 1 visit; tree sparrows occurred in 27% of the nests at least once and house sparrows occurred in 66% of the nests at least once. No relationship was found between weather conditions, date, age, or size of the white stork nests and the number of sparrows roosting in them. Th is may have to do with population structure, age, social hierarchy, or individual preference. Th is phenomenon needs further and more intensive study.

2023, Unique survival strategy of termites during flood

2023, Berkut

Population of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) in Ukraine in 2020: pendulum of elemental forces.-V.N. Grishchenko, E.D. Yablonovska-Grishchenko.-Berkut. 30 (2). 2021.-This paper is the next annual report about monitoring of the White Stork population in Ukraine. As in previous years, we collected the data on the network of control plots. In 2020, this network consisted of 146 monitoring sites in 23 administrative regions and AR Crimea with the total area of 15.1 thousands km 2 and 1559 occupied nests. Information about number dynamics, breeding success, timing of migration and nesting was registered. For comparisons we used the data obtained during former 28 years of monitoring as the long-term normals. The year 2020 was one of the worst during three decades of monitoring. Storks came back in spring very early. The average date of first arrival for the whole country was March 21. It was one of the earliest during the years of our monitoring and confirmed the trend to advance the timing of arrival. Fledglings left their nests some later than usually. First flights were observed on average on July 23 (the average date for the period 1992-2019 is July 20, the difference is significant). Autumn migration started earlier than average and finished in usual times. The breeding population greatly decreased in 2020. The number of occupied nests on monitoring plots dropped on average by 9.5 ± 1.7% (in all cases ± se). The maximal decrease was observed in the Middle Dnieper Area (by 20.2 ± 3.4%). The reason of this decline was the sharp food shortage due to severe drought. The winter 2019/2020 was in Ukraine very warm and snowless. In addition, it was followed by dry March and April. A part of returned storks did not start the nesting. They joined nomadic flocks of immature birds and wandered all summer until departure. Such flocks were observed this year more often than usual. May was rainy and cold, which led to the high mortality of little chicks in nests. In summer, the drought has returned and reinforced the food shortage. Due to such pendulum of elements, the reproductive parameters of the stork population were very low. In general, birds raised on average 2.07 ± 0.04 fledged youngs per breeding pair (JZa) and 2.30 ± 0.04 ones per successful pair (JZm). At the same time, the proportion of unsuccessful pairs (%HPo) was less than usually (10.4 ± 1.0%, 82% of long-term average). The worst situation was in western and central parts of Ukraine. In eastern and southern regions the reproductive parameters were close to long-term values. Stork pairs raised 1 to 5 fledglings. Broods of 2 chicks predominated (49.2% for the whole country). The proportion of nests with only one storkling was very high. On three monitoring plots it exceeded 60%. Broods of 5 fledglings were found only on 6 plots in a limited area of the left-bank part of Ukraine. [Russian].

2023, International Studies on Sparrows

Roost sites play a very important role in magpie’s life cycle. Frightening birds away may have disadvantageous influence on its population. There have been conducted researches concerning changes in roosting birds number for intense use of fireworks on New Year’s Eve. The researches took place on magpies’ roosting sites in Zielona Góra, W Poland. The results suggest there should be ban on using fireworks or there should be marked certain town areas (after consulting with ornithologists) where fireworks could be used.

2023, Geodynamics & Tectonophysics

The article describes the possibility of using the passive satellite measurements of the atmosphere to investigate the vertical patterns of pressure, temperature and relative humidity and simulate the altitude dependence of the refractive index of air. The seasonal parameters were determined for the exponential model showing the tropospheric refraction over observation points IRKM (Irkutsk), ULAZ (Ulan-Ude) and BADG (Badary). Post-processing of the input GPS data was conducted to ensure the highest positioning accuracy. In addition to high-precision geodesy, the global positioning method was used for determining the total tropospheric zenith delays (ZTD), which values are used to solve the problems of radio physics and meteorology. The angles of refraction and the true distances were estimated and compared in different seasons of the year. This study shows that the angles of refraction at the observation points located in the Baikal zone do not differ significantly in order of magnitude from the values estimated for other climatic zones.

2022, Raptors Conservation

Резюме Летом 2017 г. в Алтае-Саянском регионе был реализован пилотный проект по выпуску в природу птенцов алтайской морфы балобана (Falco cherrug) путём подсаживания 10 выращенных в питомнике птенцов в естественные гнёзда балобанов других морф. Молекулярные анализы по определению последовательности контрольного региона (D-петли) митохондриального генома от 414 до 1417 bp (1004 bp) показали, что гаплотипы подсаженных птенцов из питомника в ряде случаев не отличались от таковых нативных птиц в естественных гнёздах, куда подсаживали птенцов, и соответствовали западной и восточной гаплогруппам. Десять птенцов из питомника были рассажены по 6 гнёздам с 24 нативными птенцами. Видеонаблюдения показали отсутствие какой-либо агрессии со стороны птенцов друг к другу, а также со стороны «приёмных» родителей. Отход птенцов до вылета из гнезда составил 4 птенца: 1 птенец из питомника и 1 нативный были добыты филином (Bubo bubo) на гнезде в Республике Алтай, 2 нативных птенца в двух гнёздах в Туве погибли по разным причинам. Успешно вылетели из гнёзд 9 птенцов из питомника и 21 нативный. Отход после вылета составил 2 птенца: один нативный и один из питомника-оба были убиты более крупными пернатыми хищниками. Младшая самка из выводка в алтайском гнезде успешно ушла в миграцию и добралась до места зимовки в Монголии.

2022, Raptors Conservation

Резюме В статье приведены результаты мониторинга популяции сокола-балобана (Falco cherrug) в Алтае-Саянском экорегионе (АСЭР). В Красноярском крае, республиках Хакасия, Тыва, Алтай и в горной части Алтайского края в 2016-2018 гг. осмотрено 129 гнездовых участков балобанов (35,44% от общего количества известных в настоящее время в АСЭР), 90 из которых оказались занятыми птицами и на 47 гнездовых участках зарегистрировано успешное размножение. Оценка численности балобана с учётом экспертных оценок по состоянию на 2018 г. в АСЭР составила 1103-1216, в среднем 1163 гнездящихся пар, при этом-592-650, в среднем 623 успешных пар. Негативный тренд за последние 20 лет мониторинга составил-43,43%. Популяция балобана в борах Алтайского края практически исчезла, несмотря на снижение пресса отлова соколов в этом регионе. Наблюдения показали стремительную потерю алтае-саянскими популяциями балобана птиц, относящихся к так называемой форме «алтайский балобан» (altaicus) и птиц номинативного подвида (F. ch. cherrug). Основные причины сокращения численности балобана в регионе кроются в избирательном отлове самок для нужд соколиной охоты в странах Ближнего Востока. По многолетним наблюдениям на площадках один самец занимает гнездовой участок в среднем 10 лет, а одна самка-не более двух лет. При этом ловцы стараются изымать самок фенотипов «cherrug» и «altaicus» и максимально близких к ним по окраске, в меньшей степени отлавливая соколов фенотипов «progressus» и «milvipes» с интенсивной пятнистостью спины.

2022, Pernatye Hiŝniki i Ih Ohrana

В течение пяти лет (2014–2018 гг) мы проводили мониторинг размножения скопы (Pandion haliaetus) на восточном побережье Чудского озера. На большей части обследованной территории расположен государственный природный заказник «Ремдовский». В результате обследования установлено, что на этой территории размножается 30–35 пар скопы. Отловлены 5 взрослых особей скопы со стандартными металлическими кольца- ми. Две птицы окольцованы птенцами в Эстонии: самка была помечена в 2006 г., а самец в 2012 г. Две самки окольцованы птенцами в Финляндии: одна птица помечена в 1997 г., другая в 2013 г. Происхождение и возраст еще одной самки выяснить не удалось. Эта птица была окольцована в Венгрии во время весенней миграции того же года, когда и была отловлена около гнезда.

2022, Animal Learning & Behavior

2022

Aerial survey using strip transects method was performed in April 2012, when majority of ringed seals were hauled out on ice during the moulting period. Adaptive distance sampling and stratification were used. The observed number of ringed seals in 25 transects (in total 2368 km) was 807. Calculations were performed using program DISTANCE. Basking population was estimated at 5211 (CV = 15.4 %) with 95 % confidence limits from 3769 to 7204. The mean density was estimated to be 0.38 seals/km2. There is indication that ringed seal numbers have increased approximately 2.6 times in the last 10 years. Refs 41. Figs 2. Tables 1.

2022, BUGS R ALL

Female of M. ferruginea on Ziziphus jujuba plant in Barabar Hill area.

2022, BUGS R ALL

Bihar has healthy floral and there is no accurate data about butterfly species diversity and 5 November respectively. One of Lethe europa was faunal diversity and is home to their status available till now.

2022, Field Biologist Journal

In Voronezh, 14 species of parasitic insects were found in sparrows and their nests during 2017–2020. It was found 6 species of chewing lice: Menacanthus eurysternus Giebel, 1874, Ricinus fringillae De Geer, 1778, Sturnidoecus ruficeps Giebel, 1866, Brueelia subtilis Giebel, 1874, B. borini Lunkaschu, 1970, and Philopterus montani Zlotorzycka, 1964. Among them, Menacanthus eurysternus was the dominant species for the House Sparrow (dominance 21.70 %, prevalence 10.00) while B. subtilis (dominance 18.60 %, prevalence 8.00) and B. borini (dominance 16.29 %, prevalence 6.00) were subdominant. For the European Tree Sparrow, the dominant species were B. borini (dominance 22.07 %, prevalence 8.00) and Ph. montani (dominance 22.07 %, prevalence 10.6). All six chewing lice species were observed for the first time in Voronezh and the Central Black Soil Region of Russia. Three species of fleas – Ceratophillus gallinae (Schrank, 1803), C. fringillae Walker, 1856, and C. tribulus Jordan, 1926) ...

2022, Journal of Threatened Taxa

The avifauna of Kuttanad was studied from January 1995 to June 2007. Two-hundred-and-twenty-five taxa of birds belonging to 15 orders and 59 families were recorded. Among the birds recorded, 38% were migrants. Fifty-five species were found to breed in the area. Family Scolopaceidae showed maximum species diversity. European Roller Coracias garrulus recorded during this study is the first report of this species from Kerala. Ten globally threatened species were recorded. Kuttanad wetland shows greater species diversity, especially in the wetland birds, than the Kole wetlands of Kerala. Kumarakom heronry holds 8% of the biogeographical population of the Near Threatened Oriental Darter. Landscape alteration, hunting, felling of nesting trees and pesticides are the major detrimental factors for the survival of birds. Conservation aspects of birds of this region are discussed.

2022

2022, Our Nature

The present study attempted to provide basic knowledge on population status, breeding success and general behaviours of Black kites in the Pokhara Valley of Nepal. Nesting and roosting sites were directly observed to count the bird in the fields during the study period from December 2019 to May 2020. A total of 308 individuals of Black kites were recorded. The highest and least number was recorded in February (n=67) and May (n=31) respectively. The breeding success was found to be 47.22%. The average height, girth and canopy cover of the nesting tree were found at 16.59m, 2.23m and 63.30% respectively. About 67% of nests observed were found active during the breeding season. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient showed a perfect positive relationship between the number of chicks and the number of the nest (r = 1). Bombax ceiba and Dalbergia sissoo were the trees on which the maximum number of nests were observed.

2022, International Journal of Biological Innovations

A short duration observation on birds' nesting in an abandoned bungalow premise in the heart of Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli district in Southern Tamil Nadu is reported as a case study. Three species of water birds namely Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Intermediate Egret (Mesophoyx intermedia), and Little Cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger) were found to show mixed roosting. Recently infrastructural modification of the premise was undertaken, which influenced the nesting site of these colonial birds, considering their high sensitivity to disturbance.

2022, Avian Conservation and Ecology

Although communal roosting during the wintering and migratory periods is well documented, few studies have recorded this behavior during the breeding season. We used automated radio telemetry to examine communal roosting behavior in breeding Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) and its relationship with biological and environmental factors. Specifically, we used (generalized) linear mixed models to determine whether the probability of roosting communally and the timing of departure from and arrival at the colony (a measure of time away from the nest) was related to adult sex, nestling age, brood size, nest success, weather, light conditions, communal roosting location, and date. We found that Bank Swallow individuals roosted communally on 70 ± 25% of the nights, suggesting that this behavior is common. The rate of roosting communally was higher in males than in females with active nests, increased with older nestlings in active nests, and decreased more rapidly with nestling age in smaller broods. Together, these results suggest that that communal roosting is limited by the thermoregulatory needs of the offspring. The rate of roosting communally and the total time spent away from the nest while roosting also decreased with humidity and low temperatures (total time only), supporting the conclusion that the thermoregulatory needs of both offspring and adults limit this behavior. Communal roosting was also restricted to dark nights, suggesting that the Bank Swallow may roost communally to avoid predation. Individuals also roosted communally and spent more time at the roosts as the breeding season progressed, suggesting that communal roosting may be a way of avoiding the growing number of ectoparasites at the colony or taking advantage of prospecting opportunities in the morning. The Bank Swallow is listed as Threatened in Canada, so understanding the factors that relate to communal roosting is essential for identifying the critical habitat of this declining species.

2022, Zoologicheskiĭ Zhurnal

The success of the Eagle owl breeding in artificial niches and natural nests was studied. Manufacturing and installation of artificial nests for Eagle Owls in Mordovia serves as a factor in increasing successfully breeding pairs and increasing the population size. At the same time, no differences were found for artificial and natural nests in terms of reproductive success, clutch size and number of fledglings. In 51% of nesting cases, pairs laid 3 eggs, in 43% - 2 eggs, in 3% - 4 eggs and 1 egg. The average clutch size was 2.54±0.08 eggs. Over the years of our study of owl nesting in Mordovia, 13.6% of pairs raised 1 chick, 36.4% – 2, 50% – 3 chicks. The average number of reared chicks per successful nest is 2.36±0.11. The mortality rate in nests is lower in artificial nesting sites (30%) than in natural ones (40.6%).

2022, Waterbirds

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and... more

2022, Ibis

Grass Wrens Cistothorus platensis build two types of non-breeding nest structures: platforms and dummy nests. Platforms are rudimentary accumulations of grasses concealed between vegetation. Dummy and breeding nests are dome-shaped with a similar structural layer. We used a nest-removal experiment and observational data to evaluate several hypotheses regarding the adaptive significance of building multiple nests in a south temperate population of Grass Wrens. Building non-breeding nests was not a strategy of males to attract additional females as most of these nests were built after pair formation and both sexes collaborated during building. Building non-breeding nests was not a post-pairing display as the presence of multiple nests did not increase female investment in the breeding attempt: clutch size and female provisioning to nestlings did not differ between experimental and control territories where no non-breeding nests were removed. Similarly, in non-manipulated territories, clutch size and female provisioning were not correlated with the number of non-breeding nests or with males' nest building effort. Contrary to this hypothesis, the number of non-breeding nests was associated with delayed clutch initiation and reduced hatching success. The presence of non-breeding nests did not reduce nest predation and brood parasitism, which did not differ between experimental and control territories. We did not detect differences in concealment between non-breeding and breeding nests, suggesting that non-breeding nests were not the result of abandonment before egg-laying to reduce subsequent nest predation. Dummy nests did not provide shelter; they were not frequently used for roosting over the breeding season and were not maintained during the non-breeding season. We suggest that building non-breeding nests may be attempts by males to manipulate the decision of females Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.s to breed with a mate they might otherwise reject or to start reproduction earlier than optimal for them.

2022, Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal

The damage to coconut and rubber plantations by the Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) in the Nilambur Forest Division, Malappuram District was reported for the first time. The objectives of this study were to document the mode of attack and estimate the extent of damage by Indian crested porcupine in the plantation crops of the forest fringes. The study was carried out from June 2013 to May 2016 as part of the documentation of human-wildlife conflict in Malappuram District. Stratified random sampling, along with quadrat (10 m x 10 m) method was used to assess the crop damage. Estimation of the economic loss to farmers was carried out by using the market price of the coconuts during the period, collected from the website of Farm Information Bureau, Govt. of Kerala. The mean economic loss of crops damaged by Indian crested porcupine was Rs.1322.35/- per ha/annum. The debarking behavior of Indian crested porcupine on coconut palms (n=31), rubber trees (n=27) and consumption of ...

2022, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, India

A study on the communal roosting behaviour and patterns of roosting in birds to elucidate the factors controlling the communal roosting behaviour was carried out in Kerala, India. The study was initiated in the year December 2015 and the field data collection continued up to December 2017. The objectives of the project were 1. To study the roosting behaviour and patterns of birds in Kerala and 2. To elucidate the factors controlling the roosting behaviour of birds in Kerala. The investigation was conducted in a tropical area and the main method was of direct observation and field surveys. Ten Districts in the State such as Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Ernakulum, Thrissur, Malappuram, Palakkad, Kozhikode, Kannur and Kasaragod. were surveyed for locating and studying different aspects of communal roosts. Location of roosts, roosting trees and threats to roosts were studied. Factors affecting the communal roosts were analyzed to ascertain the reasons of shifting the roosts. Dependence on human presence was recorded in four type of roosts namely wetland birds, land birds, mixed species and also in the birds of prey roosts. A review of the published literature was carried out to gather the available data on the roosting sites. Forest areas in the highlands namely Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Kottayam and Wayanad Districts were not surveyed for this study. Twelve species of birds were found to roosts communally in Kerala and out of these eight species were wetland birds and four species land birds. The studies showed that the communal roosts were formed in four types, namely communal roosts of wetland species alone, land bird roost, mixed species roosts and communal roosts of birds of prey. A total of 258 communal roosts were recorded during the study and out of these 44 were communal roosts exclusively with wetland birds, 131 with land birds, 66 with mixed species and 11 with birds of prey species. Prominent communal roosting species were House crow (Corvus splendens), Common myna (Acridotheres tristis), Little cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger), Night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Pond heron (Ardeola grayii), Indian darter (Anhinga melanogaster), Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus) and Black kite (Milvus migrans). Highest number of communal roosts were recorded from Malappuram District followed by Ernakulum and Thrissur Districts. Highest number of wetland bird communal roosts were recorded from Palakkad and Thrissur Districts. Most of the communal roosts were recorded from the coastal areas and mid lands. As a whole, 81% of the communal roost were within 15 m distance from the nearest road. Birds of prey were not depended on human presence in selecting the roosting sites. Ninety three per cent of the land birds were depending on human presence, for the protection of the roost from the predators, where as it was 82 per cent in the mixed species and 75 per cent in the wetland species. The communal roosts of wetland birds were near the prominent wetlands, streams or near paddy fields. Only 59 per cent of the roosts were within 15 m distance from the road. Apart from the locations near the human presence, wetland birds selected isolated islands also for establishing communal roosts. Wetland birds were communally breeding and roosting in same locations. Due to this, birds were bringing food materials, like fish to the communal roosting sites. The wasted fish lying on the ground and decaying fish produced bad and foul smell. This created hostility of local people towards the communal roosts. They tried various methods to get rid of the roosting birds from the sites. Due to this, birds were never able to establish communal roost in the private properties. The owners always removed the trees or branches for threatening the birds. For this reason most of the communal roosts were established and maintained in public properties owned by the Government or other public agencies. The case study of a communal roost of land birds at Mannuthy, Thrissur District (House crow and Common myna) showed that, after the complete felling of trees, on the first day the birds were clueless and they roosted on nearby bushes. But on the second day the birds vacated the nearby bushes and found new roosting trees near the area and some of the birds went to trees which were far away. The study showed that, shifting of roosts is normal in wetland birds, even if trees are intact whereas the land birds never shifted the location from the preferred trees. On the removal of trees, the land birds shifted to another nearby roosts or to new selected trees. The communally roosting land birds, wetland birds and mixed species roosts selected the roosting sites mainly to avoid the predators. This is clear from the fact that the majority of the communal roosts of these species were in the locations where the presence of humans are available for twenty four hours. This was realized by establishing the roosts near the road sides, municipal parks, or in taxi…

2022

The Indian pond heron or Paddy bird (Ardeola grayii) is a small heron belonging to the family Ardeidae. Ponds, streams, marshy wetlands are the major feeding habitat of the Indian pond heron and usually they feed at the edges of water bodies. While conducting behavioural studies of wetland birds in Kole wetlands of Thrissur, Kerala (10° 20' & 10° 40' N and 75° 58' & 76° 11' E), on 8th August 2016, an Indian pond heron was seen floating and wading in running water (water depth at 110 cm) from Pullazhi Kole (10° 20' 46.27” & 76° 9' 17” E), Thrissur. A mixed flock of Indian pond heron, Kingfishers and Cormorants were seen standing on the edge of the canal, suddenly when the motor pump started to dewater the canal, an Indian pond heron jumped into the water and was seen floating along the water and wading, without the support of any floating vegetation. It continued the floating for about 2.7 minutes, till it touched the shutter and flew away. The increased popul...

2022

A survey of the heronries in Thrissur District, Kerala was carried out from June 2016 to October 2016. A total of 5 heronries consisting of 2651nests of seven species of colonial nesters Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger, Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis, Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster, Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii, Black-crowned Night Heron Nyctricorax nycticorax, Little Egret Egretta garzetta, and Median Egret Egretta intermedia were recorded. The study also focused the preference of breeding waterbirds to the tree species used for nesting. Throwing stones, cutting down the branches of nesting tree, bursting of crackers are the major anthropogenic disturbances faced by the breeding community in the heronries.

2022, Zoos' Print Journal

This study is a result of three years of observations on the heronry at Tabela House in Kota, Rajasthan. Small Cormorant, Pond Heron, Night Heron, Cattle Egret, Little Egret, Median Egret and Large Egret have been breeding in this heronry, which is situated in the heart of the city. A pattern in their spatial and temporal distribution in the heronry was noted and different species followed that pattern year after year. Availability of suitable nesting trees, nesting material, safety and foraging success has resulted in site fidelity.