STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR Research Papers (original) (raw)

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- Engineering, Biological Sciences, Polyphenols, CHEMICAL SCIENCES

A new methodology is proposed to correlate the upper shelf energy (USE) of full-size and subsize Charpy specimens of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel plate material. The methodology appears to be more satisfactory than those methodlogies proposed earlier. The USE was normalized by a normalization factor involving the dimensions of the Charpy specimen, the elastic stress concentration factor, and the plastic constraint at the notch root. The normalized values of the USE were found to be invariant with speciment size. In addition, it was also found that the ratio of the USE of unirradiated to that of irradiated materials was approximately the same for full-, half-, and third-size specimens. The ductile-to-brittle transition temperture (DBTT) increased due to irradiation at 150°C to a nominal fluence of 1.0 × 1019 n/cm2 (E >MeV) by 78, 83 and 70°C for full-, half-, and third-size specimens, respectively. These shifts in DBTT appeared to be independent of specimen size and notch geometry.

- by aravind kumar
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- Materials Engineering, Nuclear Materials, Nuclear, Nuclear reactor

Single strength orange juice was concentrated by reverse osmosis in a plate and frame pilot plant with 0.72m2 of filtration area. Three transmembrane pressures, 20, 40 and 60bar, were evaluated and concentration factors of 2.3, 3.8 and 5.8 were obtained. At these transmembrane pressures the final soluble solids contents were of 16, 28 and 36°Brix, respectively. The vitamin C content

- by Shubhangi Srivastava
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- Chemical Engineering, Food Science, Nutrition, Food Engineering
- by Riansares Muñoz-Olivas
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- Screening, Physical sciences, Sediments, Seawater

A new photovoltaic concentrator system with passive tracking has been developed and tested (EU Joule III Project ARCHIMEDES). It is based upon irradiation enhancement in the module plane by flat plate mirrors in V- trough configuration and elimination of losses from off axis incidence using a maintenance free solar tracking unit, the thermohydraulic actuator (THA). The new ARCHIMEDES system is

- by T. Bruton and +1
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- Energy Harvesting, STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR

Sommario Scopo principale del presente lavoro è di analizzare e descrivere lo schema di funzionamento e lo stato tensionale di accoppiamenti albero mozzo realizzati per serraggio e presenti nelle sospensioni anteriori motociclistiche. Sono stati analizzati sia gli accoppiamenti tra il trapezio ed il gambale della sospensione (morsetti trapezio), realizzati mediante l'impiego di una o due viti di serraggio, sia gli accoppiamenti tra la gamba ed il perno ruota (morsetti gamba), con una vite di serraggio. Il modello di calcolo proposto per tali accoppiamenti è stato determinato utilizzando analisi agli elementi finiti in appoggio alla teoria classica di De Saint Venant, per ottenere un fattore teorico di concentrazione delle tensioni presente sul mozzo dovuto alla presenza di discontinuità geometriche, come le lamature ed i fori di alloggiamento delle viti. Il risultato principale consiste nel disporre di un modello di calcolo completo che permette di progettare, verificare ed ott...

- by Dario Croccolo
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- Stress field, Finite Element, STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR, Stress Concentration
- by David Lanning
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- Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Fatigue, Very High Cycle Fatigue
- by Richard Knuckey
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- Aquaculture, Flocculation, Fisheries Sciences, Single Cell
- by wim doyen
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- Engineering, Mass Transfer, Membrane Science, Scanning Electron Microscopy
- by Nova Part II
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- Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, GAS TURBINE
- by Inge Lotsberg
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- Engineering, Civil Engineering, Design, Manufacturing
- by Khalid El-moselhy
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- Oceanography, Water, Trace Metals, Red Sea
- by Scott Fowler
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- Time Series, Surface Water, Sediment Traps, Field Study
- by Teresa Morgado and +1
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- Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Failure Analysis

Information Contained in this work has been obtained by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers from sources believed to be reliable.
However neither ASME nor its authors or editors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published in this work. Neither ASME nor its authors and editors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of the use of this information. The work is published with the understanding that ASME and its authors and editors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such engineering or professional services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.

The aroma recovery in wine dealcoholization by spinning cone column (SCC) distillation technique has been studied, with the analysis of the influence of the process factors: raw wine flow rate and aromatic extraction percentage. This aroma recovery has been measured in terms of aromatic richness (number of peaks obtained in the chromatogram) and aromatic intensity (total peaks area of the chromatogram) using the parameters global aromatic intensity (I ga) and aromatic concentration factor. The headspace solid-phase microextraction method and gas chromatography have been used for the determination of the aromatic compounds in raw wine and in the corresponding dealcoholized wine and the aromatic fraction separated during the SCC distillation. The optimal conditions for SCC distillation process were selected as the ones that separate the aromatic fraction with the highest I ga and the highest aromatic richness (percentage of recovered peaks) as well as with the lowest ethanol content.

- by Antonio Tirelli
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- Fluorescence, Quantitative analysis, HPLC, Albumin

— This technical paper presents design, and analysis of pressure vessel. The application of this pressure vessel is for food processing industry. For steam cooking vessel need to design the pressure vessel of different volumes with different temperature and pressure. Different type of forces is developed on the pressure vessel, so need to design the vessel which has withstood severe forces. Safety is primary consideration in pressure vessel design, due to potential impact for possible accident happed. There have a few main factors to design the safe pressure vessel. The pressure vessel is probability occurs at maximum pressure which is the element or parts that only can sustain that pressure. The main efforts are made for this paper to design the pressure vessel for application by using ASME codes & standards to prove he design. The factor affecting in pressure vessel is its pressure and temperature. So if there is changed in pressure and temperature every pressure vessel will have new design.

- by MUHAMMAD IDIRIS Saleh
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- Engineering, Technology, Water Purification, China
- by Editor IJRET
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- FEA, Pressure, STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR, Stress distribution
- by hieu le thanh
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- Genetics, Cultural Studies, Stochastic Process, Set Theory
- by Rumman Ul Ahsan and +1
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- Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Finite Element, STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR

A meta-analysis based on published experiments with lactating dairy cows was conducted to study the effects of dietary forage and concentrate factors on apparent total diet digestibility. A data set was collected that included a total of 497 dietary treatment means from 92 studies. The diets were based on grass silage or on legume or whole-crop cereal silages partly or completely substituted for grass silage. The silages were supplemented with concentrates given at a flat rate within a dietary comparison. For the statistical evaluation, the data were divided into 5 subsets to quantify silage (digestibility, 42 diets in 17 studies; fermentation characteristics, 108 diets in 39 studies) and concentrate (amount of supplementation, 142 diets in 59 studies; concentration of crude protein, 215 diets in 82 studies; carbohydrate composition, 66 diets in 23 studies) factors on total diet digestibility. The diet digestibility of dairy cows was determined by total fecal collection or by using ...

- by Marketta Rinne
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- Dairy Science, Diet, Lactation, Animal Production

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mean stress on fatigue behavior of two short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites and the effect of stress concentration on fatigue behavior of an unreinforced and a short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic. Load-controlled fatigue tests were conducted on unnotched (smooth) specimens at R ratios of −1, 0.1, and 0.3 in different mold flow directions or fiber orientations and at a range of temperatures between −40 and 125 °C. Effect of mean stress on fatigue life was found to be significant at all temperatures. Several mean stress parameters including modified Goodman, Walker, and Smith–Watson–Topper were evaluated for their ability to correlate mean stress data. A general fatigue life prediction model was also used to account for the effect of mean stress, temperature, and fiber orientation. Notched fatigue tests of an unreinforced polymer and a short glass fiber thermoplastic composite were also conducted using plate type specimens with a central circular hole and with or without the presence of mean stress. Effect of stress concentration was found to be considerable, with or without mean stress and in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. The commonly used Neuber's rule for metallic materials, nonlinear finite element analysis, as well as critical distance approaches were utilized for notch deformation and fatigue life analyses.

- by Seyyedvahid Mortazavian
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- Fatigue, STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR
- by Bianca Pinheiro
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- Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Pipeline, Fatigue
- by Priya Deshingkar
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- Optical Engineering, Genetics, Psychophysics, European integration
- by Anggit Murdani and +1
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- Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Fatigue crack growth

This paper presents study of Non Destructive Testing's for fracture analysis of the steam turbine rotor blade through mechanical analysis. The evaluation of dynamic characteristics of the blade is done by reviewing the literatures in order to identify the effective methods for detection of cracks. Turbine Blade attachment grooves and blade roots are highly stressed areas of steam turbine rotors. Serious failure can be obtained in complete turbo generator set due to an unknown crack in blade roots or blade attachments. It is strongly essential to extend the calculated life of turbo generator set since there is high demand of power energy worldwide. In case of highly stressed areas of generator rotors and turbine, the advanced NDT methods comes in demand due to extended operation cycle of turbine. Where the turbine blade roots as well as the turbine blade attachment grooves of a turbine rotor are comes in most critical range. Inspection of each blade root or blade attachment with individual design of turbine manufacturer requires separate NDT methods. In this paper the various aspects related to turbine blade crack failure such as highly stressed areas, internal flaws in steam turbine rotor blades and method to evaluate them with the help of Non Destructive Techniques are studied. This paper describes study of development of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) methods and the qualification of the inspection techniques for selected application in steam turbine field-service. I. INTRODUCTION A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. A turbine blade is the individual component which makes up the turbine section of a gas turbine or steam turbine. The blades are responsible for extracting energy from the high temperature, high pressure gas produced by the combustor. The turbine blades are often the limiting component of gas turbines. To survive in this difficult environment, turbine blades often use exotic materials like superalloys and many different methods of cooling that can be categorized as internal and external cooling, and thermal barrier coatings. Blade fatigue is a major source of failure in steam turbines and gas turbines. Fatigue is caused by the stress induced by vibration and resonance within the operating range of machinery. To protect blades from these high dynamic stresses, friction dampers are used.

- by IJRASET Publication
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- Fatigue, Creep, STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR, Cracks
- by Camilla Varming
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- Food Engineering, Food, Recovery, Vacuum Distillation
- by Maoqiu Wang and +1
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- Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Corrosion Science

A HPLC with gradient elution method for the determination of the synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) propyl gallate (PG), tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in food items is described. A C18 column served as the stationary phase; the gradient elution was formed by acetonitrile and water:acetic acid (1%). The UV detector was set at 280 nm. Under the recommended conditions, separation of the four SPAs was achieved in less than 8 min. Analytical characteristics of the HPLC method such as limit of detection, linear range, and reproducibility were evaluated. Extraction parameters were optimized for the recoveries of the SPAs in different types of food items (cooking oil, margarine and butter, and cheese). Before the HPLC separation, the SPAs were extracted with methanol/acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) and were subjected to vortex/ultrasonic treatment. The extracts were next kept in a freezer (∼2 h) to precipitate co-extracted components. Recoveries of the SPAs when spiked to cooking oil, margarine, butter and cheese at 50 and 200 mg l−1 were in the ranges 93.3–108.3% for PG, 85.3–108.3% for TBHQ, 96.7–101.2% for BHA and 73.9–94.6% for BHT. The method was applied to the determination of SPAs in 38 food items (16 cooking oils, ten margarine, six butter and six cheese samples). The levels of SPAs in positive samples are all below the legal limits of Malaysia.

- by Muhammad Asri
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- Engineering, Technology, Water Purification, China

Two analytical closed-form elastic-rigid-plastic solution methods to predict the rigid foundation behaviour on stone-column reinforced soil are compared, both of which takes into account the stone material yield within the host soil according to stress-dilatancy theory. These are the mechanistic methods developed by the author (2004, 2005) [that presently incorporates the dilatancy angle as per Schanz and Vermeer (1996)] and that developed by Pulko and Majes (2006), that takes into account the column yield as per Rowe dilatancy theory. Since optimal design of stone column necessitates optimum stress concentration on column, which is generally composed of dense gravel with/or without sand, the vertical stress on granular column is often close to its peak strength and the material dilates. To arrive at closed-form analytic solution to this complex soil-stone column interaction problem, some common assumptions like axi-symmetric soil-stone column 'unit-cell', elastic host soil and rigid-plastic Mohr-Coulomb stone column material are combined with equilibrium and kinematic conditions. The results reflect the beneficial effect of dilatancy within the optimal range or techno-economic domain of area-ratio. The settlement predictions are compared with other analytical methods available in literature as well as with measured settlement reduction of stone-column reinforced ground at different subsoil conditions around the globe reported in literature.

The recovery of caustic soda and concentration of disodium terephthalate (DST) from alkali waste of polyester fabrics were investigated using SelRo (MPT-34) nanofiltration membranes with membrane area of 0.024 m2 and 5.2 m2, respectively. Flux behaviors were observed with respect to filtration time, volumetric concentration factor (VCF), operating pressure, temperature, and cleaning. The mass balance of caustic soda, DST, and

- by Jang Choi
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- Engineering, Desalination, Nanofiltration, CHEMICAL SCIENCES

A novel technique was developed for the flocculation of marine microalgae commonly used in aquaculture. The process entailed an adjustment of pH of culture to between 10 and 10.6 using NaOH, followed by addition of a non-ionic polymer Magnafloc LT-25 to a final concentration of 0.5mgL−1. The ensuing flocculate was harvested, and neutralised giving a final concentration factor of between

- by Dion Frampton
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- Fisheries Sciences, Single Cell, Maritime Engineering, STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR
- by Olgun Guven
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- Materials Engineering, Morphology, Pesticide, Solid Phase Extraction
- by Sachin Terdalkar
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- Engineering, Linear Elasticity, Finite Element, Finite Element Analysis
- by jehad saleh
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- Chemical Engineering, Biodiesel, Ultrafiltration, Biofuel

In the present study, 24 laboratory models on soft clay treated with stone columns were carried out. The results for each case are analysed for the purpose of constructing a statistical model linking the variables studied. The experiments showed that the stress concentration and bearing capacity of soil treated with stone column increase with increasing the undrained shear strength (cu), number of columns and L/d ratio. The models represent a single stone column and a group of stone columns. The studied variables are three dependent variables, the stress concentration ratio (n), bearing capacity of soil treated with stone column (q) and the settlement improvement ratio (Sr) due to the existence of stone columns. The independent variables are six: the undrained shear strength of clay soil, with three values (6, 9 and 12 kPa), the number of stone columns (1, 2, 3 and 4 columns) and the length (L) to the diameter (D) of the stone column or (L/D) ratio in two values (6 and 8). Besides, ...

- by Maki J . M . Al-Waily
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- Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, Statistical Modeling, Soft soils
- by Nao-Aki NODA
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- Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Numerical Analysis, Fatigue
- by Eiji Akiyama
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- Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Strain Rate, Finite Element Analysis