Sasanian History Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Der Islam

Striking a middle ground between apocalyptic and anti-apocalyptic understandings of Islamic origins, Part I of this article argues that Muḥammad is best understood as a proto-apocalyptic figure who adhered to a prophetic eschatology infused with apocalyptic elements. Chief among these is a belief in the imminent advent of the Hour, heralded by a divine warrior descending on the clouds-a theophanic motif rooted in the Ancient Near Eastern combat myth and inherited through the biblical "Day of Yahweh" (yōm yahweh) and the New Testament's "Day of the Lord." Coupled with the nearness topos found across scriptural traditions (root: q-r-b), this motif signals eschatological imminence. Yet, in the Qurʾān, such imminentism is tempered by epistemic humility, eschatological uncertainty, and historical indeterminacy. Part II of this article examines the attenuation of this eschatological urgency in the Medinan Qurʾān. Against the prevailing two-stage thesis, a three-stage qurʾānic eschatology is put forward. The First Meccan corpus anticipates "the Day of Victory" (yawm al-fatḥ), mirroring the New Testament's Day of the Lord. The Medinan period marks a partial eschatological reconfiguration, wherein military victory (fatḥ) evokes the Day of Yahweh's theophanic presence on the battlefield. The Second Meccan phase is inaugurated by the Conquest of Mecca (fatḥ makka), at which point in time a fully realized eschatology is articulated: Mecca's rejection of pagan ritual and its collective turn to the proper worship of God (dīn allāh) constitute a "manifest victory" (fatḥ mubīn), resulting in the lifting of the imminent eschatological threat and the re-sanctification of the Mother of Cities (umm al-qurā).

2025, Via in tempore. История. Политология

Методом дискурс-анализа «Res gestae» определены языковые практики, которыми Аммиан Марцеллин описывает Дунайскую границу Римской империи до и после переселения готов на территорию империи в 376 г. Изучение конкретных ситуаций, приведенных античным автором при описании готской войны, позволило ответить на вопрос – сохраняет ли Дунай после 376 г. статус границы империи в сознании позднеантичного историка. Выявлена двоякостьвидения реки в рамках изложенной Аммианом Марцеллином картины. Если определять статус реки через описываемые позднеантичным автором события, то граница Восточной Римской империи отодвинулась на юг и стала соотноситься с действующими частями армии, пытавшимися локализовать готское движение. Если же отталкиваться от лексики автора, то река сохраняет свой статус психологического рубежа, отделявшего римскую цивилизацию от варваров.

2025

Alouben who came 635 with 20 monks to China was not a simple Nestorian missionary from Persia, but probably an official envoy of the victorious Emperor Heraclius coming from Roman Mesopotamia in union and harmony with the Church of... more

2025, The voice of Iranian History

The present article, centered on Zoroastrian political theology, examines the intricaterelationships between the king, sovereignty, and Zoroastrian religious authorities.This complex issue has led many scholars to characterize the Sasanian state as afeudal system with features of oriental despotism, often asserting the fusion ofpolitics, sovereignty, and religion—a phenomenon that, according toIn the opinionof some researchers, stunted the development of political thought in Iran. Thisperspective has been reinforced by verses from the Shahnameh such as "What is thecommand of God, and what is the command of the king" and "Both kingship andpriesthood," which evoke the image of an absolute, theocratic regime obsessed withcentralizing power and engaging in othering politics. However, the realities of theSasanian period appear to contradict this view. In fact, the practice of deposing andappointing kings by the nobility suggests a lack of judicial immunity for themonarch, while the widespread presence of Christians within the empire points tothe existence of an inclusive national identity and pluralism. These featuresdistinguish the Sasanian Empire from the Roman, Carolingian, and Mongol empires.Consequently, this article seeks to explore the evolution of the kingship system,rooted in the sanctity of the king within Zoroastrian theology, and the process ofseparating the king's personal identity from the legal persona of the state—adevelopment that reflects a form of separation of powers during the Sasanian period,particularly after the reforms of Khosrow I (Anushirvan). Ultimately, the articleaims to demonstrate that in the Sasanian era, there existed a clear delineationbetween the king, sovereignty, and religion. In this study, the Institution of Kingship is examined withand ultimately, it is compared with the types of desirable governments envisioned byAristotle.

2025, Kumpulan Puisinya AI - Juni 2025

Kumpulan puisi harian bulan Juni 2025

2025, Ancient Arms Race

Sauer, E.W., Nokandeh, J. and Omrani Rekavandi, H. et al. 2022. Ancient Arms Race: Antiquity’s Largest Fortresses and Sasanian Military Networks of Northern Iran. A joint fieldwork project by the Iranian Center for Archaeological Research, the Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism and the University of Edinburgh (2014–2016). British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series VII, Oxford: Oxbow: 2 volumes.

Ancient Arms Race, Chapter 18: Sauer, E.W., Simpson, St J., Jahed, M., Mansouri Razi, M., Moslehi, M., Nemati, M., Nokandeh, J., Omrani Rekavandi, H., Penn, T. and Salari, A., Small objects and other finds

2025, Ancient Arms Race

2025, Ancient Arms Race,

2025, Ancient Arms Race

2025, Priestman, S., al-Jahwari, N., MacDonald, E. & Kennet, D. 2025: ‘Archaeological exploration of Suhar port in the North Batinah Governate (2023)’, Athar: Bulletin of Archaeological Research in the Sultanate of Oman, 1: 181-187.

Suhar was one of the leading ports in the Indian Ocean during the Abbasid period. With Basra and Siraf, it formed a centre of maritime power in the Gulf and Arabia. The historian and traveller Istakhri, who wrote the Kitab Al Masalik wa Al-Mamalik, and who lived in the 10th century, tells us that Suhar was the biggest and richest town in Oman. He tells us that it is not possible to find a city more rich in buildings and foreign wares than Suhar, and that many merchants live there who trade in ships with other countries. It is known that merchants came to Suhar from China, India and many other places. It is certain that Suhar is the most important location in Oman for the history of the first centuries of Islam. Archaeological research has already been carried out in Suhar, in the 1970s and 1980s,
but there is still much more to learn about this important place. In January 2023 a British and Omani archaeological team led by Seth Priestman visited the town to investigate the remaining archaeological evidence (Fig. 1). A short survey of the town revealed important information about its history. New locations came to light and important new finds of imported Chinese ceramic were made. The British and Omani team is hoping to continue work at Suhar so that the full potential of this important site can be developed.

2025, Priestman, S., al-Jahwari, N., MacDonald, E. & Kennet, D. 2025: ‘Archaeological exploration of Fulayj near Saham in the North Batinah Governate (2016-23)’, Athar: Bulletin of Archaeological Research in the Sultanate of Oman, 1: 175-180.

The Fulayj Fort Project focuses on the unique archaeological remains at the site of Fulayj: a small, regularly planned, heavily defended,
stone-built fortification constructed sometime between the early 5th to mid-6th century AD during the late pre-Islamic period and its
subsequently reoccupation during the first decades following the Islamic conquest of Oman in the 7th century (Figs. 1-2). The fourth
season of excavation took place over a six-week period from the 10th of January to the 20th of February 2023. It involved the work of
an international team with a maximum of ten participants, including specialists from the UK, Oman, Canada, Greece and the Republic
of Georgia. We were pleased to host one trainee from the Ministry of Heritage and Tourism regional office of the North Batinah
Governate (Fig. 3). Excavation focused on the eastern side of the fort near to the fort entranceway (Fig. 4) with work in the north-east
corner extending our understanding of a series of mudbrick rooms associated with the secondary occupation of the fort in the early
Islamic period. Further excavations were opened in the south-east corner, and on the fort exterior across the south-east corner tower.

2025, Priestman, S., MacDonald, E. & Gajewska, M. 2025: ‘Archaeological exploration of Seeb (Al Hail North) in the Muscat Governate (2022-23)’, Athar: Bulletin of Archaeological Research in the Sultanate of Oman, 1: 175-180.

Seeb is the site of an extensive coastal settlement located in the northern suburbs of Muscat. Previous investigations by Romolo Loreto
in 2013 indicate the presence of areas of deep stratigraphy, intact occupation deposits and architectural remains covering most
phases of the Islamic period. More recently, documentation by the local community has highlighted the exceptional quality of the
finds assemblage, with objects drawn from across the Indian Ocean world, often closely comparable to materials from other key urban
centres in the region such as Suhar, Samarra or Siraf. The existence of a large urban centre on the southern Batinah remains to be better
integrated into our wider historic reconstruction of the medieval topography of Oman. To address this, a three-week field-walking
survey, followed by a week of finds processing, was carried out in January-February 2023. It involved mapping and surface collection
to augment our understanding of the size, nature, and diachronic development of the medieval settlement. The work was conceived
in partnership with the local community, taking the factor of existing interest as the motivating driver in the plan and design of future
research. Public workshops, social media and continuing conversations with residents and other stakeholders form important channels
in the pursuit of the project.

2025, Journal of Persianate Studies

The papers published in this volume of the Journal of Persianate Societies were read during the workshop organized at Sapienza University of Rome on 21 November 2019 to celebrate the opening of the Mediterranean regional branch of the Association for the Study of Persianate Societies (ASPS) based at the Research Centre for Cooperation with Eurasia, the Mediterranean, and Sub-Saharan Africa (CEMAS) at the Sapienza University of Rome and the beginning of a new series of seminars entitled "Parlane con Sapienza, Uno Sguardo Oltre," dedicated to the societies and history of the Middle East and North Africa. These lectures were meant to foster our university's "third mission" activities, by targeting diverse audiences. The Mediterranean regional branch will both strengthen the scientific debate and expand the international academic network of ASPS by engaging scholars interested in studying the vast territory stretching from the Mediterranean to the Indo-Gangetic plains from Antiquity to the modern period. At the same time, the cycle of conferences on the Middle East will allow us to better understand the complexity of regions and societies in continuous transformation by opening a dialogue that goes beyond the boundaries of the academic world and involves different constituents of the civil society. On the occasion of the first workshop, scholars in the field of Iranian Studies have delivered lectures focusing on religious diversity in late Antique and early Medieval Iran. The multi-faceted approaches characteristic of the paper that were submitted for publication will provide an in-depth perspective on such a challenging sociocultural context. Considering the tradition of Iranian Studies in Italy and in many Mediterranean countries, the focus of our branch will be on the pre-modern history, religions, literatures, and languages of the Iranian world and the role they played in global and entangled histories. According to the original plan, following this first workshop in which we discussed the religious dimension

2025, Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education

How low class confronts high class people could be shown from conversation exchanges that occur. This study is aimed at analyzing Petruk's speeches-as low class person in Kethoprak performance, who confronts the high class-King of Astina. The data were analyzed using Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar, dealing with 'responding speech function' and 'typical moods' in the speech function. Petruk mostly used humilific 'Ngoko' style in most of his exchanges with 13 confrontations, 12 supports, and 2 initiations. He also used declarative and interrogative moods to confront. The study proves that Kethoprak is a reflection of low class victory. Bagaimana kelas bawah dan kelas atas berkonfrontasi terlihat saat perpindahan dialog terjadi. Penelitian ini mengkaji ujaran Petruk dalam pertunjukkan Kethoprak, sebagai bentuk perlawanan kelas bawah terhadap kelas atas-yaitu Raja Astina. Data dikaji menggunakan pendekatan Tata Bahasa Fungsional Sistemik dari Halliday. Fokus kajian adalah pada fungsi respon dan jenis-jenis Mood (mode) dalam ujaran Petruk. Petruk banyak menggunakan gaya bahasa Ngoko dalam dialog, 13 kali sikap berkonfrontasi, 12 kali mendukung dan 2 kali sikap memulai dalam dialog. Petruk menggunakan mode deklarasi dan bertanya pada saat berkonfrontasi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Kethoprak merupakan sebuah refleksi kemenangan kelas bawah.

2025, Archeologia Viva 232

2025, Alzahra University

The Socratic conversation of "Lysis" is one of the first works of Plato. In this conversation Achaemenid empire and issues related to it were mentioned twice. At first, the great Achaemenid king with his domination of Asia and his legacy to his son are mentioned. It is also written about Darius I and her wealth in this conversation. The purpose of this article is to reflect on some of the images and appearance of the Achaemenid Empire in the minds of its contemporaries. From this point of view, in this article, only one of these two cases, namely Plato's words about rulership and dominion of the great king of Persia over the entire land of Asia, has been studied. This research, through a critical reading of "Lysis" and a several contemporary Achaemenid Greek texts, tries to investigate what ideas caused the image and concept of the Persian king dominating Asia in the minds of the Greeks of the 5th and 4th centuries BC to be created.

2025, Alzahra University

The history textbook for first-year high school students in Turkey is an idea-oriented, and we will try here to explain the scientific motivations of its author in an objective and problem-oriented way. The method applied in this article is content analysis, which is commonly used to describe the characteristics of the message in order to achieve the research results, which is to identify the values and theories used in the textbooks. The aim of the research is to provide a clear picture of the state of history textbooks or history teaching in Turkish schools.The results of the research indicate that in today's Turkey, besides to the idea of transferring past knowledge to the present generation, the teaching of historical thinking and problem-solving skills has replaced the previous methods. As a result of such a method, the correct learning of history relies on two basic factors, namely " the design of the teacher's narrative " and "a good educational textbooks". From this perspective, a thorough analysis of the curriculum frameworks of other countries, will help Iranians keep pace with global advances in education, eliminate educational gaps, and also be creative in defining content and educational policies. The achievements in the study of the newly printed history textbook are cited as follows: arrangement of information or data in the format of various standard tables and processing textbook data based on a statistical population such as teachers and students, extracting important components of the content dimensions of the work and processing them for compliance with predefined educational goals, examining the evolution of the Turkish education system's attitude towards the history of the ancient world, the position of basic components such as local, world, and Islamic history in a textbook, providing tangible examples of soft skills considered in the Turkish educational system, examining the attitude of modern history in the writing of history textbooks, and the effects of the political dominance of Islamists on the category of history writing in Turkish schools.

2025

Besides the religious and spiritual aspects, the fire temples mentioned in the Shahnameh have also other functions including legal and judicial aspects. The references in this regard indicate the role and the position of the fire temples as a part of important law enforcement centers and judicial affairs, fulfilling juridical-legal obligations, and also the very deep bond between the laws of kings and the punishments issued by them with religious approaches and attitudes. Using descriptive analysis methods, current article will demonstrate the role of the fire temples from the Shahnameh in the fields of "judicial rules," "social contracts," and "religious contracts." The results indicate that there is a very deep connection between economic-political and juridical-legal as well as judicial functions of the fire temples in Shahnameh, and also the fact that the fire temples were counted as suitable platforms for the fulfillment of religious and social obligations (endowments and fulfilmenting vows and oaths), prevention of crimes and its reduction, which was clearly evident in the politics of Sassanid kings of Shahnameh. On the other hand, fire temples were places to remove social and jurisprudence aspects of sin and crime (the sinner or the criminal). They were also a place for forgiveness of the souls of the deceased, which has been carried out in the form of various punishments, or atonements and endowment in Shahnameh, both in the pecuniary and non-pecuniary forms. The non-pecuniary atonement in Shahnameh is demonstrated as punishing the criminal or sinner, and the pecuniary atonement was paid in cash and noncash (illiquid) forms.

2025

The chemical properties of the soil, including electrical conductivity
or soil salinity (EC) and soil reaction (pH) in multi-year saffron
cultivation are important factors affecting the growth and production
of this plant. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the
aim of the effect of saffron cultivation on these two chemical
characteristics (EC and pH) of the rhizosphere soil of Zirkouh and
Khosuf perennial fields in South Khorasan province in 2021. This
experiment was carried out in a factorial and nested type in the form
of a completely randomized base design. The first factor was region in
two levels (Zirkoh and Khosuf cities) and the second factor was the
farm age in three levels (control field without saffron plant, 2 years, 6
years). Three control samples, three 2-year-old farms and three 6-yearold
farms were selected from each region. The tested indicators
included soil pH and soil electrical conductivity (EC), which were
measured based on standard methods. The results of the average
comparison showed that there was a significant difference in electrical
conductivity in the two regions, so that the level of this index was 2.60
dS/m in Zirkoh and 2.17 dS/m in Khosuf. Salinity (electrical
conductivity) was observed in two-year-old fields and its lowest level
was observed in 6-year-old fields. Based on the results of the
interaction effect, the highest amount of salinity was obtained from
two-year-old Zirkoh fields and the lowest amount was obtained from
6-year-old Khosuf fields. Also, the results showed that only in Zirkoh
region, the salinity of 2-year-old farms showed a significant increase
compared to 6-year-old farms, this is probably due to the use of salty
manure that needs to be managed

2025, İran ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi

2025

A Comparative Study Between Some Achaemenid Clay seals Impressions with the motif of a Persian man fighting a Greek and a Coin of the Local Persian King Vahubarz Ruling During the Seleucid Period

2025

حادثه عظیم عاشورا، از جهات گوناگون قابل بررسی و مطالعه است، یکی از این وجوه، شناسایی چهره‌ها و
افرادی است که در این واقعه ایفای نقش کرده‌اند. یکی از گروههایی که در این واقعه نقش داشتهاند اهل کتاب
هستند، که یهودیان جزء آنها هستند. این نقش میتواند به صورت مستقیم یا غیر مستقیم باشد که در تحقیق پیش
رو این موارد بررسی میشود. انجام این تحقیق به جهت عبرت گرفتن از این مسئله و جلوگیری از وقوع حوادث
مشابه، مانند آنچه در فلسطین در حال رخ دادن است ضروری است.
سوال اصلی این تحقیق این است که: آیا یهودیان در واقعه عاشورا نقش داشتهاند؟
به نظر میرسد با وجود شواهد تاریخی از نقش سرجون در مقدمه سازی و زمینه چینی و حضور شمر و شبث
ابن ربعی که نسبتی با یهودیان دارند در واقعه عاشورا نمیتوان نقش یهود را در این بزنگاه تاریخی حساس نادیده
گرفت.
کلمات کلیدی: تاریخ یهود ، عاشورا ، امامحسین)ع( ، سرجون ابن منصور رومی

2025, In: G. BARBERA, M. DE CHIARA, A. DEL TOMBA, B. DHAMMADINNĀ, F. DRAGONI, P. ORSATTI (eds.) Siddham. Studies in Iranian Philology in honour of Mauro Maggi (Beiträge zur Iranistik 52), Wiesbaden, pp. 275-296.

2025, In: MARIA MACUCH, ARASH ZEINI (eds.), Deciphering the Illegible. Festschrift in Honour of Dieter Weber (Iranica 33), Wiesbaden, pp. 277-300.

othertitlesofManuščihr are: hērbed (headings of Epistles Iand II), hērbed xwadāy 'Lordofthe hērbeds' (Epistle III), rad of Pārs and

2025, In: MARIA MACUCH, ARASH ZEINI (eds.), Deciphering the Illegible. Festschrift in Honour of Dieter Weber (Iranica 33), Wiesbaden, pp. XIII-XXXIII.

2025, In: RIKA GYSELEN (ed.), Sometimes Sasanian always ēr (Res Orientales, XXIX) Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’Étude de la Civilisation du Moyen-Orient, pp. 161-172.

2025, In: RIKA GYSELEN (ed.), Sometimes Sasanian always ēr (Res Orientales, XXIX) Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’Étude de la Civilisation du Moyen-Orient, pp. 131-160.

2025, In: ALBERTO CANTERA, MARIA MACUCH, NICHOLAS SIMS-WILLIAMS (eds.) The Reward of the Righteous. Festschrift in Honour of Almut Hintze. (Iranica 30) Wiesbaden: Harassowitz, pp. 307-320.

Among the Pahlavi texts of the ninth-century the Dādestān ī dēnīg ("Religious Decisions"; Dd) is one of the few sources, which allow insight into the practice of law and the handling of juristic problems in the Zoroastrian communities of the early post-Sasanian era. According to the introduction to the text, the author, Manuščihr, son of Juwānǰam, 1 records in this treatise the answers to a large spectrum of questions (a total of 92) put to him by a certain Mihr-Xwaršēd, son of Ādurmāh, and other adherents of the Good Religion (hudēnān) in the well-known style of "responsa" literature. 2 The author, who was regarded as the supreme spiritual authority of the Mazdeans, the "Leader of the Religion" (pēšōbāy ī dēn), 3 in the second half of the ninth century, conveys not only his view on diverse religious and ritual doctrines as well as apocalyptic and eschatological matters, but also discusses several significant legal cases, which have not yet received the scholarly attention they deserve. His answers to questions pertaining to the fields of family law, inheritance and succession as well as problems emerging from legal undertakings of Zoroastrians with co-religionists and adherents of other religions, are not only astonishingly resourceful, but bear testimony to the surprising tenacity of legal institutions long after the downfall of the Sasanian empire (now also spectacularly confirmed by original legal documents from eighth century Tabarestān). 4 More importantly, they document the arguments and diverse methods, which were used to reach an equitable decision in concrete cases, taken from the daily life of these communities. In the following I propose to scrutinize one of the hitherto neglected legal passages relating to trade, pursišn 51, which clarifies the process of decision-reaching, revealing how Manuščihr combined legal and religious considerations with concern for 1 Or: Gušnǰ� am, as Gignoux/Tafazzoli (1993) propose to read the patronymic. 2 See Hintze 2009, pp. 39-40. 3 This title is mentioned in the introduction to the Dd, § 25 (Kreyenbroek 1995, pp. 174, 176; Jaafari-Dehaghi 1998, pp. 38-39). Other titles of Manuščihr were hērbed (headings of Epistles I and II), hērbed xwadāy 'Lord of the hērbeds' (Epistle III), rad of Pārs and Kirmān and framādār 'Commander, Chief' (colophons to Dd and Epistle II; see West 1882, p. xiii; Jaafari-Dehaghi 1998, p. 24). 4 On the Tabarestān documents see most recently Weber 2019 and Macuch 2019 a with further references.

2025, In: AMIN SHAYESTE DOUST (ed.) Dādestān ī Denīg. Festschrift for Mahmoud Jaafari Dehaghi, pp. 215-264.

For examples see Macuch 1998, p. 191ff., with further references. 1. On the Iranian connotations of the three "wise men" see Duchesne-Guillemin 1985 and particularly the in-depth studies of Panaino 2004 and 2012. 2. On the interaction between astrology and Zoroastrian theology in the Pahlavi texts see the valuable overview by Raffaelli 2017 with further references.

2025

Persians drew on their ancient Kherad or wisdom to preserve and contribute to Greek Hellenistic thought tradition in their academic institutions and further develop them under Arabic-Islamic tradition. However, diverse power dynamics led to the under-recognition of Persian contributions, appropriating and subsuming them under more dominant traditions globally. To illustrate this historical neglect, this article applied a Historicist approach to review the Greek and Arabic-Islamic historical narratives of Persian culture, history, and religions and thematically infer core principles to illuminate the foundations of Persian thought tradition. As an ongoing exploration, this article highlights three core concepts of the Persian religio-linguistic tolerance policy, the influence of elite figures and divine Khvarenah, and Iranshahr, highlighting Persian epistemology and ontology. Educational scholars can draw on these principles to articulate an Indigenous thought framework rooted in socio-cultural and religious aspects of Persian tradition, delineating its philosophy of thought and contributing to its further exploration.

2025, Discourse, Power Issues, and Images: Transversal Studies on the Reigns of Yazdgird I and Wahram V

With the reign of Yazdgird I (399-420 ), there was new shi in the religio-political vision of Ērānšahr. is change was felt so strongly that it echoed in both the Xwadāy-nāmag tradition and the various religious inspired texts of the Zoroastrians, Jews and Christians. e twenty odd years of Yazdgird I's rule was a-typical compared to the previous period in terms of religious policies. is is especially true for its dealings with Christianity in the fih century , as this religion gained traction in Eurasia. Up to the beginning of the fih century , one could call the relations between the Kings and its imperial apparatus vis-à-vis the religious communities, outside of the Zoroastrian tradition, as a sort of 'Rough Tolerance.' 1 By rough tolerance it is meant that there was the existence of intermittent violence against these minority religions to keep them in check. Rough Tolerance allowed the Sasanian Empire to rule over a diverse group of people and religious communities. It made sure that these communities abide by the rulers set by the Zoroastrian empire to manage the Jewish, Christian and other religious communities within Ērānšahr. To understand this change in policy by Yazdgird in relation to the non-Zoroastrian community of his empire, more specifically the Jews and the Christians, we must briefly look at the dynamics of religious and imperial interaction. Yazdgird I vision of himself as a pacifist within his own realm is clear from the new legend which he adopted on his coins,

2025, Colliva, L., Filigenzi, A. and Olivieri, L.M., with Baldi, M. (eds), Le forme della città, Iran, Gandhāra e Asia Centrale. Scritti offerti a Pierfrancesco Callieri in occasione del suo 65° compleanno. ISMEO Serie Orientale Roma. Nuova Serie 34, for 2023, Rome

Sauer, E.W., Nokandeh, J. and Omrani Rekavandi, H., 2024. ‘The Military Origins of Cities on the Sasanian Empire’s Northern Frontiers’, in Colliva, L., Filigenzi, A. and Olivieri, L.M., with Baldi, M. (eds), Le forme della città, Iran, Gandhāra e Asia Centrale. Scritti offerti a Pierfrancesco Callieri in occasione del suo 65° compleanno. ISMEO Serie Orientale Roma. Nuova Serie 34, for 2023, Rome: 263-277.

2025, O‘ZBEKISTON MILLIY UNIVERSITETI XABARLARI

Аnnоtаtsiyа
Ushbu mаqоlа siyоsiy tа'limоtlаr tаrixi fаnini о'rgаnishning аsоsiy metоdоlоgik tаmоyillаrigа bаg'ishlаngаn. Shuningdek, mаqоlа siyоsiy tа'limоtlаr tаrixini о'rgаnishdа оbyektivlik, xоlislik vа ilmiylik tаmоyillаrigа riоyа qilish zаrurligini tа'kidlаydi. Kаlit sо'zlаr: Siyоsiy tа'limоtlаr tаrixi, siyоsiy qаrаshlаr, siyоsiy tа'limоt, siyоsiy kоnsepsiyа, siyоsiy g'оyаlаr, siyоsiy nаzаriyа, siyоsiy tа'limоtlаr tаrixining mаnbаlаri, metоdоlоgik tаmоyillаr.
Аннотация
Данная статья посвящена основным методологическим принципам изучения истории политических учений. В статье также подчеркивается необходимость соблюдения принципов объективности, беспристрастности и научности при изучении истории политических учений. Ключевые слова: История политических учений, политические взгляды, политическое учение, политическая концепция, политические идеи, политическая теория, источники истории политических учений, методологические принципы.
Annotation
This аrticle is dedicаted tо the mаin methоdоlоgicаl principles оf studying the histоry оf pоliticаl dоctrines. The аrticle аlsо emphаsizes the necessity оf аdhering tо the principles оf оbjectivity, impаrtiаlity, аnd scientific rigоr when studying the histоry оf pоliticаl dоctrines.

2025, Encrucijadas: Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales

Este artículo presenta un análisis cualitativo crítico de las experiencias encarnadas y emocionadas de afrontamiento de la crisis económica de 2008, desde una perspectiva teórica que conecta los efectos corporales de la precariedad y las estrategias emocionales de afrontamiento de los hogares en situación vulnerabilidad. Se ha utilizado una muestra cualitativa de 24 entrevistas a hogares en situación de vulnerabilidad en España en dos ámbitos, uno rural y otro urbano. Aunque partimos de la consideración de la edad, nacionalidad, nivel de estudios, situación laboral, estatus residencial, composición del hogar y tipo de ingresos, la principal dimensión de análisis en la vivencia y afrontamiento de la crisis es el género. Como resultados principales, se describen cuatro formas de corporalidades emocionadas (cuerpos ascéticos, sacrificados, humillados/activados y vinculados) que atraviesan la experiencia de la vulnerabilidad. Cada una de estas categorías se relacionan con una serie de estrategias de afrontamiento de la crisis y con diferentes experiencias emocionales.

2025

Jeffrey Kotyk’ın bu eseri okuyucuya Çin kaynaklarının dil engeli nedeniyle kapalı kalmış İran ve Arap toplumları ile ilgili kayıtlarının kapılarını açıyor. Sekiz bölümden oluşan eserde yazar Çin’in İran coğrafyası ile en eski etkileşiminden başlayarak Abbasi hakimiyeti dönemi Arap ve İslam etkileşimine kadar uzun bir tarihsel süreçle ilgili Çin kaynaklarının tasvirini sunuyor.

2025, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)

Archaeological research into the necropolises of southeastern Arabia has led to advances in the knowledge of the demography and mortality of Late Bronze Age populations. The Al-Qusais necropolis, with 126 burials currently exposed, has become a reference site for understanding the interaction between members of the same community. The manner in which inhumation was practiced suggests that there were neither marked inequalities nor significant distinctions between children and adults. The same recurrent traits can be observed, as well as identical anatomical positions of the deceased during burial. In the case of the children, all but one were with an adult. The number of children is small compared to the total excavated population. Considering factors such as high levels of degradation and the recent development of bioarchaeological studies, it is expected that in future excavations this proportion will increase and reach values similar to those observed in nearby necropolises.

2025, Roman Empire: A Handbook

2025

A comprehensive study of the European reception of Iranian antiquities between 1660 and 1830, "Le quaranta colonne" combines a coherent diachronic narrative of reception with in-depth textual and visual analyses of descriptions of material remains and micro-analytic reconstructions of the intellectual context of six main historical actors: Jean Chardin, Cornelis de Bruijn, the count of Caylus, Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Arnold Heeren, and Sir John Malcolm. The book illustrates what specific answers the Iranian case offer to far reaching questions about early modern receptions of Antiquity. First of all, Iranian antiquities provided a space where contamination between different cultures of the past was made possible, along with the possibility of writing polyphonic histories of Iran: I make the case for a momentary commensurability between European and Persianate visions of the past in the early eighteenth century, as well as for its later rejection. Secondly, textual and visual descriptions of Iranian antiquities and their manipulation had a specific impact on the definition of the historical and geographical boundaries of Antiquity. I innovatively illustrate this dynamic by analysing the geographical shifting of the aesthetic category of "ruin" from the Near East to the "classical" core of the Mediterranean over the eighteenth century. Finally, descriptive/prescriptive intellectual devices shaped by Enlightenment traditions of history-writing (such as "nomadism" and "despotism") played a pivotal role in neutralizing and domesticating the cultural difference materialised by non-European antiquities, and were way more influential in determining their use and interpretation than the concurrent decipherment of ancient non European scripts (such as the cuneiform writing systems).

2025, 14th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 5th June 2025

Recent archaeological exploration has resulted in the discovery of an early Christian monastic complex and a nearby settlement on the island of Siniya in the emirate of Umm al-Quwain, United Arab Emirates. Excavations undertaken there between 2022 and 2024, have produced a wealth of ceramic finds dated to the late antique and early Islamic (LAEI) periods. This paper will set out a quantified study of the phased assemblage across this transition. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the settlement was occupied between the 4th and 6th centuries, while the monastery mostly appears to have developed during the 7th and 8th centuries. It is unclear whether the settlement of Sīnīya was under the direct jurisdiction of the Sasanian Empire. What is apparent is that it was very much within the orbit of the Sasanian economy. Both the settlement and monastery were strongly connected in the form of ceramic supply to the regions of southern Iran and Mesopotamia. The Sīnīya assemblage thus provides stimulating new evidence with which to consider the economic boundaries of one the major powers of Late Antiquity in the Arabia and the Gulf.

2025

اِرِخشَ (آرش) و بهمن نامهای خشایارشا در روایات ملی ایران هستند.

2025, ournal of Archaeological Science: Reports

A group of metal artifacts recently excavated from the Lahsavareh Iron Age II-III cemetery in southwestern Iran (dating to the late Middle Elamite to Neo-Elamite period) was analyzed to investigate metalworking techniques and alloy composition. Nineteen artifacts were studied using micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and metallography techniques. The analyses revealed that the artifacts were primarily made from a binary tin bronze alloy with varying tin content, while arsenic and lead were present in significant quantities in only a few artifacts. Microscopic observations and microanalytical studies indicate that the artifacts were produced through different levels of thermo-mechanical processes, with copper sulfide ores used to obtain copper. The results of this interdisciplinary study offer new insights into the material culture of the Iron Age II-III on the Iranian Plateau and provide a comparative analysis of the history and evolution of copper-based metallurgy in the region during the first half of the first millennium BCE.