Science of Swimming Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Children

Objective: This study compared postural control and neuromuscular activation in athletic swimmers (A-S) and non-athletic swimmers (N-AS) in older children. Methods: Ten AS and ten N-AS underwent assessments of center of pressure (CoP) parameters under static and dynamic surfaces in two directions (dynamic mediolateral (DML) and dynamic anteroposterior (DAP)) in eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions, and electromyography (EMG) parameters under DAP and DML directions in EO and EC conditions. Results: Results showed that AS demonstrated significantly superior postural control (p < 0.05), with smaller CoP area and lower CoP mean velocity compared with N-AS , particularly in static with EC, DAP with EO and EC, and DML with EO conditions. AS exhibited significantly larger neuromuscular activation amplitudes (p < 0.05), especially in the AP direction. Conclusions: These findings suggested that athletic swimming training may enhance postural control and neuromuscular activation in 11-13-year-old children, emphasizing the potential benefits of incorporating swimming exercises in these children.

2025

The Kennedy administration sought to bring about changes in the structure and components of the army Intelligence Based on its belief that a gradual response is the best approach To respond to any military challenge, which led to To emphasize the importance of conventional forces What Defense Secretary McNamara, a former Ford Motor Company executive, enjoyed was From a background in systems analysis, he has cemented his position as a model bureaucrat. Rational in making the most of the powers of his position By introducing a series of reforms that affected the intelligence Community.

2025, Fuorimag.it

Aquawareness: A Holistic Approach to Mindful Swimming Aquawareness is an innovative discipline that merges swimming with meditative awareness, transforming the aquatic experience into a journey of personal growth. Its core principles... more

2025, Fuorimag.it

Aquawareness di Giancarlo De Leo. Articolo-manifesto pubblicato su fuorimag.it il 21 giugno 2022.
L'acqua come strumento di consapevolezza.
La consapevolezza come via maestra per apprendere il Nuoto.
Il documento promuove l'Aquawareness, una disciplina che unisce mindfulness e pratica acquatica per riscoprire la consapevolezza corporea attraverso l'acqua.
L'Aquawareness è stato sviluppato da Giancarlo De Leo, una figura poliedrica con competenze in architettura, sport e ricerca introspettiva. La sua esperienza quarantennale come istruttore federale e formatore per la Federazione Italiana Nuoto ha fornito le basi tecniche per la creazione di questa disciplina, che nasce anche dalle riflessioni di De Leo sulle dinamiche familiari in acqua osservate lungo le coste italiane negli anni '60, stimolando una precoce esplorazione del rapporto tra l'uomo e l'elemento liquido.

2025, The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

Basketball is a popular team sport worldwide. Nutrition is one of the key aspects for the optimization of performance and subsequent recovery. Female athletes have unique nutritional requirements as a result of daily training and competition, in addition to the specific demands of gender-related physiological changes. However, inadequate, or erroneous nutritional behaviours are commonly observed. Thus, the aim of our work is to provide concise nutritional recommendations for female basketball players. Based on a review of the literature, there is limited evidence that comprehensively assesses health attributes as well as behaviours, habits, and nutritional knowledge of physical activity by gender in basketball players. Recent research highlights the need for nutritional strategies to develop tools to help manage energy deficiency in women's sports. We suggest that individual adjustment of dietary energy value is the key factor in the physical performance of female basketball players; information that could be used to optimize the training process and health maintenance. The recommended intake for athletes involved in moderate levels of training, such as elite basketball players (2-3 h/day for 5-6 times/week), is 50-80 kcal•(kg•day)-1 , with specific recommendations of 1.6-1.8 g•(kg•day)-1 protein. For physically active women, it is recommended that 1.2-2 g•(kg•day)-1 of protein be consumed, with fat intake of 20-35% of total kilocalories and 5-8 g•(kg•day)-1 of carbohydrate to adequately meet performance demands.

2024, International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences

Quality teaching is inseparable from the learning strategies applied in delivering material in theory and practice. However, implementing learning strategies that will provide meaningful learning and a learning atmosphere for students is not an easy matter because students are unique individuals, different from one another, especially in their cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. Based on this, lecturers must have sufficient initiative, knowledge, competence, and adequate conceptual power to implement an effective lecture strategy. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning freestyle swimming by using the ISLAMT 2 E learning strategy for students. This study used an experimental method with a randomized pretest-posttest control group. The research subjects were 40 people in the experimental group and 40 people in the control group. The conclusion of this study proves that learning to swim freestyle using the ISLAMT 2 E strategy on static swimming tools has been proven to be effective in improving students' swimming skills. The magnitude of the increase in students' swimming skills in the experimental group was seven people (17.5%) in the low category, 33 people (82.5%) had the moderate category, and 0% high category. In the control group, the increase in swimming in the low category was 31 people (77.5%), nine people (22.5%) in the moderate category, and the high category 0%. This means that there are differences in learning outcomes of freestyle swimming skills between the experimental group and the control group.

2024

The purpose of this study was to determine, based on the stroking time recorded in a 100-m swimming competition, whether elite international 100-m swimmers have the same pacing strategy as the Pakistani swimmers or not. Based on a video data, three different levels of performance were analyzed i.e. Finalists (G1, n=32) from the European Championship, 2012; Medalists (G2, n=12) and Non-medalists (G3, n=20) from the Pakistan National Swimming Championship, 2014. For the current analysis each stroking distance was divided into two sections (i.e. before and after the 25m mark). The average speed of each section (ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4) was quantified in order to depict pacing strategy. Results showed even-positive pacing (1.75 ± 0.17 m/s) towards the end of the race in G1; whereas, variable speed pacing was observed in both G2 (1.42 ± 0.26 m/s) and G3 (1.21 ± 0.28 m/s). Based on these findings it is proposed to encourage an efficient pace strategy for 100-m swimmers.

2024, Journal of sports science & medicine

2024, المجلة العلمیة للتربیة البدنیة وعلوم الریاضة. جامعة حلوان

2024, Journal of sports science & medicine

2024, American Journal of Sports Science

The aim of the research is to a comparison between two methods of power training, strength-speed and speedstrength on the performance of 50-meter freestyle swimming. The experimental method was applied to a sample of 12 adult swimmers (mean +/-SD: 16 +/-1 year, 172.2+/-3.2cm, 78.2+/-2.3kg) divided into two experimental groups, group A (strengthspeed) and group B (speed-strength) by applying pre-and post-measurements,1RM bench press, 1RM squat, medicine ball chest throw, vertical jump, stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR) and 50-meter freestyle tests was applied on the subjects respectively, Statistical Analyses Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare 50-meter freestyle trial time performance after the 2 different power training methods. Statistical significance was accepted at (p <0.05), (p <0.01). A 6-week power training program was applied 3 times a week, results show significant differences between pre and postmeasurements in stroke length (t=3.64) and stroke rate (t=7.00) in group A, 1RM squat (t=3.60), vertical jump (t=4.96), stroke length (t=6.76) and 50-meter freestyle (t=32.91) in group B, and non-significant differences in 1RM bench press (t=2.33), 1RM squat (t=2.22), chest MD ball throw (t=2.35), vertical jump (t=2.18), and 50-meter freestyle (t=1.93) in group (A),1RM bench press (t=2.61), chest MD ball throw (t=2.08) and stroke rate (t=1.40) in group (B) for post-measurements. Present results recommend that dry-land program training must include the two methods of power training, strength-speed, and speed-strength, based on the force-velocity relationship for sprint swimmers during a specific period, power training in these two methods improves stroke length, and stroke rate and it leads to enhance swimming performance in sprint events.

2024, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

Study design: Randomized control trial Objectives: To assess the added effect of core strengthening on performance within young competitive swimmers. Background: There have been studies in the past which evaluated efficacy of various exercise protocols in improving performance in young competitive swimmers. This improvement was expressed in terms of changes in the values of sprint time and stroking characteristics. The need of the hour has favored us answer this research question regarding the efficiency of core strengthening program in improving the performing in the young competitive swimmers. Methods: 60 young competitive swimmers (mean±SD, Age 14.2 ± 1.49) participated in the study of both sexes divided in two groups. (N=60, n1= 30, n2= 30). Outcome measures were evaluated before and after 6 weeks of an additional core strengthening. Repeated measures ANOVA, Friedman test, Unpaired t- test and Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze their performance. Results: Significant diffe...

2024, Journal of Education, Health and Sport

Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).

2024, دار الكتب والوثائق القومية المصرية

علموا أولادكم السباحة من عمر يوم .. هذا هو الشعار الذى انطلقت منه فكرة هذا الكتاب.. وانطلاقًا من أهمية السباحة للأطفال فقد سعينا نحن مؤلفي هذا الكتاب لأظهار كيفية تدريب الطفل على السباحة فى هذا العمر ورصدنا أهم المتغيرات في سبعة فصول رئيسية لتمكين المدرب والباحث الأكاديمي من فهم هذا المجال الخصب و يتحدث الكتاب عن سباحة الرضع وهو مجال خصب للبحث والدراسة حيث بدأ في الأنتشار في الأونة الأخيرة ويقدم مؤلفون هذا الكتاب صورة كاملة عن هذا المجال مع وضع المنهجيات المنظمة من خلال برامج التعامل مع الرضع داخل الوسط المائي ليشمل جوانب عدة لكيفية تطوير هذا المجال مع بدء انتشارة ولأن أيماناً من مؤلفين الكتاب انه فَضْلُ الله كبيراً علي من تعلم العلم وعلمه فكان لزاماً ادبياً وواجباً علمياً ان ننقل ما تعلمناه وفهمناه في هذا المجال الخصب "سباحة الرضع" قريبا متاح للتحميل المجاني لنشر الفائدة والعلم المؤلفون Teach your children to swim from the age of one day. This is the slogan from which the idea of this book was launched. Based on the importance of swimming for children, we, the authors of this book, sought to show how to train a child to swim at this age, and we monitored the most important variables in seven main chapters to enable the coach and the academic researcher. Who understands this fertile field? The book talks about infant swimming, which is a fertile field for research and study, as it has begun to spread recently. The authors of this book present a complete picture of this field, while developing organized methodologies through programs for dealing with infants in the aquatic environment, to include several aspects of how to develop This area is starting to spread Because the authors of the book believe that God’s great grace is upon those who learn and teach knowledge, it is a moral obligation and a scientific duty to convey what we have learned and understood in this fertile field, “infant swimming.” Soon available for

2024, المنصة الألكترونية لكلية التربية الرياضية جامعه طنطا

كتاب الوجيز في الرياضات المائية - المستوي الثاني - هو كتاب مبسط يشرح مهارات السباحة في اسلوب بسيط و مدعم بشروحات بالصور - تم تصميمة مخصوصا لطلاب الصف الثاني بكلية التربية الرياضية - جامعه طنطا - مصر - كل الشكرللمؤلف الرئيسي الأستاذ الدكتور وليد محمد دغيم Al-Wajeez book on water sports - the second level - is a simplified book that explains swimming skills in a simple manner and is supported by explanations with pictures - it was designed specifically for second-year students at the Faculty of Physical Education - Tanta University - Egypt - all thanks to the main author, Professor Dr. Walid Muhammad Daghim

2024, PLOS ONE

There is limited knowledge on the association between different health complaints and the development of persistent musculoskeletal pain in adolescents. The aims of this study were to assess whether specific health complaints, and an accumulation of health complaints, in the first year of upper-secondary school, were associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain 2 years later. We used data from a population-based cohort study (the Fit Futures Study in Norway), including 551 adolescents without persistent musculoskeletal pain at baseline. The outcome was persistent musculoskeletal pain (≥3 months) 2 years after inclusion. The following self-reported health complaints were investigated as individual exposures at baseline: asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema, headache, abdominal pain and psychological distress. We also investigated the association between the accumulated number of self-reported health complaints and persistent musculoskeletal pain 2 years later. Logistic regress...

2024, GYMNASIUM

Understanding the factors affecting learning at disabled people offers instructors an insight into the way in which water can devise effective programs and how they can be presented to this people. Through the design of aquatic exercise programs to help in the initial phase including children with disabilities in the aquatic environment can be established thereafter for each disability in particular adaptations required for each procedure and individual. Acute needs of of some participants with disabilities requires for the instructor to develop unique learning strategies and examine learning, both established for adjustment traditional teaching programs. Athletes with disabilities are often deprived of opportunities of swimming skills due to lack in preparation of the coaches, of understanding their special needs or lack of compassion.

2024, Journal of Health & Biological Sciences

Objetivos: investigar e correlacionar a cinética e cinemática da saída de bloco em natação de atletas deficientes visuais e normovisuais. Métodos: foram comparados parâmetros de desempenho entre os nadadores de ambos os sexos. A amostra contou com 16 nadadores, sendo 4 cegos, 2 baixa visão e 10 normovisuais. Análise inferencial com teste Shapiro-Wilk, estatística inferencial teste T e, para correlação entre variáveis, o teste de Pearson, com nível de significância em 5%. Correlacionamos a variável dinamométrica, nas fases de tempo de bloco, tempo em 5 metros e tempo em 16 metros. Resultados: foram percebidas diferenças significativas de (0,030, 0,029 e 0,001), respetivamente, pois foram menores para os nadadores normovisuais. Na variável cinética, o pico de força resultante dos nadadores normovisuais foi, significativamente, maior (0,024). O ângulo de saída dos nadadores normovisuais foi também, significativamente, maior (0,030). Nas fases de tempo de reação, tempo de voo, força horizontal e vertical, ângulo de entrada e distância de voo, não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Observou-se uma correlação expressiva, entre as variáveis tempo de bloco e tempo em 5 metros (0,688); tempo de bloco e tempo em 16 metros (0,689); tempo em 5 metros e tempo em 16 metros (0,928); e o tempo de voo e ângulo de saída (0,941). O pico de força apresentou uma correlação significativa na maioria das variáveis do estudo com exceção do tempo de reação e o ângulo entrada. Conclusão: a ausência da visão acarreta na defasagem da performance e nos resultados em provas de natação de alto rendimento para deficientes visuais.

2024, Journal of Modern Rehabilitation (JMR)

Introduction: Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports. Although studies indicate that explored flat feet improved running performance, research on foot types and their impact on swimming is scarce and unexplored. This study investigates the difference between flutter kicking speed among competitive swimmers with flat and standard feet.
Materials and Methods: A total of 78 competitive swimmers in the age range of 13 to 19 years were recruited from Pusat Akuatik Darul Ehsan swimming training using a purposive sampling method and a cross-sectional study design. Based on their navicular drop test scores, the participants were categorized as flat-footed (group A) and normal-footed (group B). An independent t-test was applied to compare the kicking speeds between flat-footed and normal-footed swimmers. The swimmers in group A and group B were instructed to perform a standard 50-m kicking front crawl performance with the upper limb placed over the sliding board individually in a swimming pool, and their reaching time was recorded using a stopwatch.
Results: The results indicated flat-foot swimmers’ front crawl kicking performance was faster than normal-foot swimmers’ (P=0.03) with a medium effect size (d=0.50).
Conclusion: This study concludes that flat-footed competitive swimmers have an advantage in reaching 50 m in less time than normal-footed swimmers.

2024, PubMed

Consistent prescriptions for event-specific training of swimmers are lacking, which points to likely differences in training practices and a potential gap between practice and scientific knowledge. This study aimed to analyze the distance-specific training load of elite swimmers, derive a consistent training sessions' description and reflect on the current recommendations for training and recovery. The individual training regimes of 18 elite British swimmers were documented by surveying four swim and two strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches. The annual and weekly training load and content were compared between swimmers competing in sprint, middle and long-distance events. Thematic analysis of the surveys was conducted to identify key codes and general dimensions and to define a unified classification of the swimming and S&C training sessions. Weekly training loads and content of the swim (ƞ2 - effect size; p = 0.016, ƞ2 = 0.423) and S&C (p = 0.028, ƞ2 = 0.38) sessions significantly differed between the groups. Long-distance swimmers swam significantly longer distances (mean ± SD; 58.1 ± 10.2 km vs. 43.2 ± 5.3 km; p = 0.018) weekly but completed similar number of S&C sessions compared to sprinters. The annual swimming load distribution of middle-distance specialists did not differ from that of long-distance swimmers but consisted of more S&C sessions per week (4.7 ± 0.5 vs. 2.3 ± 2.3; p = 0.04). Sprinters and middle-distance swimmers swam similar distances per week and completed similar number of S&C sessions but with different proportional content. Whereas all coaches reported monitoring fatigue, only 51% indicated implementing individualized recovery protocols. We propose a consistent terminology for the description of training sessions in elite swimming to facilitate good practice exchanges. While the training prescription of elite British swimmers conforms to the scientific training principles, recommendations for recovery protocols to reduce the risk of injury and overtraining are warranted.

2024, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the 2019–2020 season, swimming competitions and training have been limited leading to a setback in performances. The study analyzed if, during the subsequent season, swimmers’ have been able to regain the lost performance. Swimming time trends were analyzed comparing Tokyo with Rio Olympics and with mathematically predicted results. The gap between the gold medalist and the last finalist, and the differences between men and women have also been considered. Swimming competition results of females and males, in 100 m and 200 m Freestyle and Backstroke, were collected from the Olympics’ official website. Results showed that at Tokyo Olympics almost all swimmers’ times improved as compared to Rio’s. Analysis of performance trends highlighted that performance progression does not proceed in a linear fashion and that is best predicted by more recent results. Women’s progression was higher than men’s and the gap between the first and last finalist constantly...

2024, ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЦЕССА ОБУЧЕНИЯ ПЛАВАНИЮ СТУДЕНТОВ С МИОПИЕЙ

Близорукость (миопия) является актуальной проблемой системы
здравоохранения и занимает ведущее место среди зрительных патологий, т.к. больные
миопией составляют почти 20 % первичной инвалидности по зрению. В статье
рассматривается возможность использования средств плавания в процессе адаптивной
физической культуры для коррекции физического и психоэмоционального состояния
студентов с миопией.

2024

The Grove City College Competitive Pool is one of the nation's top small-college aquatic facilities. The 8-lane facility is regarded as one of the fastest pools in the region and is reserved solely for use by the College's swimming and diving and water polo athletes. The Grove City College Pool features two one-meter diving boards and one three-meter board as well as five Power Rack stations. An eight-lane electronic Colorado Timing System is integrated into the pool and scoreboard. The scoreboard features eight lines for results, three lines for event/heat and scoring and a scrolling line that shows laneby-lane results. The shallow end of the Pool is seven feet; thus the Grove City College Pool is able to host several Collegiate Water Polo Association events that are restricted from "shallow-deep" pools. Since 2000, Grove City College has hosted several CWPA championship events. The Grove City College Pool is 25 yards in length and 56 feet wide. It holds 408,913 gallons of water. The seating capacity of the Pool area is approximately 400. The Pool has been home to the Presidents' Athletic Conference Swimming and Diving Championships since 1990.

2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effect of different static warm up durations on sub-elite female swimmers on 50 m free and breaststroke swimming performance. Ten sub-elite women swimmers (age 22.46 ± 2.64 years, body height 163,4 ± 4.27 cm, body weight 56.39±9.72 kg, BMI 21.09±3.27 kg/m 2 and BFP 21.77±8.06 %) were assigned randomly to 3 different warm-up protocols on non-consecutive days. The warm-up protocols consisted of only 5 minutes of jogging (WS), 5 minutes of jogging and 30 seconds static warm up (30-SS), 5 minutes of jogging and 60 seconds static warm up (60-SS). Following each morning (10.00) warm-up session, participants were tested on the 50 m freestyle and breaststroke swimming performance. Warm up protocols (WS, 30-SS and 60-SS) were compared by repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA). Based on the results of this study, it was found that there are significant differences between warm up I (no war up) and SS-30, SS-60 on freestyle and breas...

2024, Scientific Journal of Sports Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Physical Education for Girls in Gezira - Helwan University, Cairo

The research aims to compare different training programs for developing static and dynamic balance within multiple environmental settings (land, water, and virtual reality) for young aquathlon athletes(underwater wrestling). The researchers found that there is a superior method compared to others, which may benefit future aquathlon athletes when combining different methods within a flexible framework in a single training program. It is important to determine the contribution ratio of each method within this flexible training framework.
The researchers used the experimental method with the measurement approach (pre-post) for three experimental groups, as it suited the nature and methodology of this study. The research sample community consisted of( 200) young athletes Aquathlon (underwater wrestling), The researchers selected the sample (under study) using the intentional sampling method, where (24 )athletes were chosen as the basic "experimenta" sample, aged 13 years old, from 23rd July sporting club in Mehalla-elkobra-Gharbia and Olymbica swimming pool in Seberbay- Gharbia. Sample was divided as following:
- 8 players undergo the land dry balance program (first group).
- 8 players undergo the aquatic balance hydro program (second group).
- 8 players undergo the virtual program (third group).
Additionally, 20 other players were selected from the research community and outside the primary sample to regulate the research variables. It was a requirement for all members of the sample, who were young athletes, to be Aquathlon (underwater wrestling) players, and were selected based on their primary proficiency in dealing with the aquatic environment and swimming skills, such as water standing.
The most important results indicated the following:
1. The application of the proposed training program using the land-based approach showed a significant improvement in the physical and skill variables in the element of balance. Statistical significance was observed at a significance level of 0.05 between the pre and post measurements in the land-based group of athletes in physical tests and the level of skill performance in the balance element in both static and dynamic types, which is still under investigation. The calculated values ranged from 951.1 to 457.15, with a percentage improvement ranging from 603.3% to 580.40%, and effect size values ranging from 240.0 to 321.3, These values indicated varying levels of effectiveness of the experimental treatment on the dependent variable.
2. The application of the proposed training program using virtual reality technology showed a significant improvement in the physical and skill variables in the element of balance. Statistical significance was observed at a significance level of 0.05 between the pre and post measurements in the virtual reality group of athletes in physical tests and the level of skill performance in the balance element in both static and dynamic types, which is still under investigation. The calculated values ranged from 001.4 to 602.9, with a percentage improvement ranging from 154.6% to 174.52%, and the effect size achieved values ranging from 259.0 to 631.2. These values indicated varying levels of effectiveness of the experimental treatment on the dependent variable.
3. The application of the proposed training program using the aquatic approach also showed a significant improvement in the physical and skill variables in the element of balance. Statistical significance was observed at a significance level of 0.05 between the pre and post measurements in the aquatic group of athletes in physical tests and the level of skill performance in the balance element in both static and dynamic types, which is still under investigation. The calculated values ranged from 372.7 to 596.16, with a percentage improvement ranging from 939.18% to 00.125%, and the effect size achieved values ranging from 854.1 to 861.3. These values indicated high effectiveness of the experimental treatment on the dependent variable.
4. The rate of percentage change between the research groups of athletes in Aquathlon (land group - water group) for the post measurements in physical and skill tests for balance is still under investigation. The post-measurements results indicated superiority in favor of the aquatic approach for Aquathlon athletes.
5. The rate of percentage change between the research groups of athletes in Aquathlon (land group - virtual reality group) for the post measurements in physical and skill tests for balance is still under investigation. The post-measurements results a superiority in favor of the virtual reality approach for Aquathlon athletes.
6. The rate of percentage change between the research groups of athletes in Aquathlon (virtual reality group - water group) for the post measurements in physical and skill tests for balance is still under investigation. The post-measurements results indicated superiority in favor of the aquatic approach for Aquathlon athletes.

2024, Assiut Journal of Physical Education Sciences and Arts - Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of an educational/training program using "Mr. Smooth" software in developing the form of technical performance, the level of physical and skill performance, and cognitive achievement for... more

2024, Sport. Olimpism. Sănătate

Relevance of article is caused by transnational character of sport as factor of influence on the interstate relations, and also objective need of complex legal regulation of sports of children taking into account the national and international legal doctrine and practice. Besidesneed of integration of international legal norms and rules in legal system of the states is emphasized. At the present stage, despite relevance, one international act of human rights contains the situation formulatinghuman right on sports activities or accessto sport. However the sport can be considered as an essential component of the right to education and the right to culture. The author investigates the rights of children for sports development, for games and leisure as systems of the norms forming the modern sports relations and offers the industry concept of the international treaty in the sphere of the sports law based on a new theoretic-conceptual framework about human right for harmonious development.

2023, Sensors

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

2023, PLOS ONE

2023, Frontiers in Psychology

Learning aquatic skills is an important component of developing physical literacy in children. Aquatic skills such as floating, swimming and safe entry/exit promote engagement in different water environments and may help preserve lives in an emergency. This scoping review was conducted to evaluate the influence of task constraints (i.e., equipment) and environmental constraints (i.e., physical and social) on how children learn foundational aquatic skills. In developed countries, children are typically taught in swimming pools under direct supervision. It is also not uncommon to see children and infants learning to swim with assistive equipment (e.g., buoyancy aids). However, perhaps surprisingly, the evidence on how and where children learn aquatic skills does not uniformly promote such practices. For example, the use of flotation devices has not been proven to aid skill learning. Some researchers have advocated that children should learn aquatic skills whilst wearing outdoor clothi...

2023, Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

2023, Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

In this study, the effects of 8-week swimming training applied to swimmers aged 19-25 on bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), magnesium, calcium, Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC), iron and ferritin parameters were investigated. Mean age of 23.12±5.46 years, 12 swimmers participated in the study. A swimming training program was applied to the participants for 8 weeks/3 days. All tests and measurements were performed before starting the 8-week training program and after the program was completed. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0 package program. The normality distribution of the data was made with the shapiro-wilk test, and the pre-post-test measurements of the participants were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. According to the results of the data, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the metabolic rate, iron, UIBC pre-post test data. (p<0.05). As a result, it can be said that the 8-week s...

2023, Különleges bánásmód

Knowledge of the age at which elite athletes achieve peak performance could provide invaluable information for the athletes to plan their career, to carefully select sports events promising successful participation. We aimed to identify the age at which top athletes achieved their Olympic medals, and to observe any changes in the average medal-winning age over the last decades. The age of Olympic medallists between 1960 Rome and 2016 Rio were collected using an online database. Data were gathered from the following individual sports: track and field, swimming, fencing (foil, épée, saber), triple jump, long jump, high jump, and wrestling (57 events all together). The study evaluates and compares the trends in the age of the winners in each discipline. Disciplines of this study show one of the two trends: the trend of increasing age, or trend of decreasing in age. In those disciplines, in which the Olympic medallists were younger than 26 years at the beginning of the examination period, such as swimming, the medallists became older over the decades. In those disciplines, however, in which the top three were older than 26 years at the beginning of the examination period, such as fencers, younger and younger athletes won their Olympic medals as time went by. The age and the trend in the changes of the age of the medallists in the examined disciplines support the theory of an optimal age, being around 26 years.

2023

The challenge of learning in large classes demands appropriate classroom strategy setting, the main problem of this research is to find out the increase in gliding skill, as well as its correlation with freestyle swimming basic movements. The method used was quasi experiment, with casual comparative research wherein all student of class of 2014 enrolling aquatic activity. The sampling technique was purposive sampling by which 108 students were selected. They were divided into three homogenous groups based on their respective gliding test result deemed as the most dominant movement patterns in their aquatic activities. Class A and C used peer assist learning (PAL), Class B applied mixed conventional learning strategies (CL= Cooperative Learning and DI= Direct Instruction) for 8 meetings. Based on the calculation and data analysis, there is a significant increase of skill with ρ = 0,031 (0.031 < 0.05). Each group has an increase and positive correlation between gliding on freestyle swimming style of 0.64 (ρ of 0.00). The conclusion of the research on the application of PAL and CL in large-scale aquatic learning activities has improved students' gliding ability, and there is a positive correlation between sliding towards freestyle movement.

2023, Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

2023, Master Thesis

Keywords: Backstroke, fatigue, kinematics, technical analysis
In race situation fatigue is the critical factor disturbing technical efficiency. The aim of this study is to verify fatigue-induced changes in the kinematic characteristics of backstroke swimming.
Six international swimmers performed 6x50m with 10’’ interval at a swim velocity corresponding to the race pace of 200m backstroke. The swim were filmed whole body at the 2nd and 6th repetitions, for a complete stroke cycle, with two video cameras (two underwater, two above the water) for 3D kinematical analysis (APAS). In spite of a clear decrement of swim velocity from 2nd to 6th repetition (p<0.05) there were no changes on the stroke cycle, on the spatial and temporal structures of the arm stroke and on the intracycle variation of the horizontal velocity of the body center of mass (CM).
However, it was observed a larger vertical displacement of the CM, together with a decrease in joint movement amplitude in the hip and knee.
These group of swim, in spite of their high technical level, showed strong asymmetry between arm stroke, concerning the underwater pattern.

2023, Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala

Sport has long been considered a social phenomenon that addresses all people, being a right recognised at international and national levels. Initially, adapted sport was a means of medical recovery and a means of spending free time in a pleasant way alongside peers with and without disabilities. Subsequently, adapted sport has turned into a means of comparing the motor skills of contestants having the same medical problems during competitions specially organized for these athletes. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of people with disabilities who play sports but also in the number of non-disabled people who, in one form or another, get involved in adapted sport. In the present study, we aim to highlight the progress achieved in learning and consolidating the swimming technique by an athlete with Down syndrome (aged 25) who has been practising swimming as a recreational activity for 1 year. Based on certain items, the swimming technique was assessed for the th...

2023, SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference

The research aimed to study the performance characteristics of male and female finalists at a 100m distance when swimming at the Latvian swimming championships in a period from 2018 to 2020 (in the 50m pool). 262 final heats got analyzed. The results of the 3 best Latvian swimmers, males=36, and females-36, at each 100m distance (freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke, and butterfly) at championships in 2018, 2019, and 2020 have been analysed. The parameters for overcoming competitive distance: competitive result in the 100-meter distance; the start reaction time; time for the 15 meters mark; speed to the 15 meters mark; the time of the turn 5 meters up to the wall and 15 meters after the turn; underwater distance and time after the start and after turning; time of “clear” swimming. The obtained results were compared to the characteristics of overcoming the same competitive distance by the finalists of the European Championship 2016. As a result of comparative analysis, statistically, ...

2023, Sports

Insufficient data on adolescent athletes is contributing to the challenges facing youth athletic development and accurate talent identification. The purpose of this study was to model the progression of male sub-elite swimmers' performances during adolescence. The performances of 446 males (12-19 year olds) competing in seven individual events (50, 100, 200 m freestyle, 100 m backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, 200 m individual medley) over an eight-year period at an annual international schools swimming championship, run under FINA regulations were collected. Quadratic functions for each event were determined using mixed linear models. Thresholds of peak performance were achieved between the ages of 18.5˘0.1 (50 m freestyle and 200 m individual medley) and 19.8˘0.1 (100 m butterfly) years. The slowest rate of improvement was observed in the 200 m individual medley (20.7%) and the highest in the 100 m butterfly (26.2%). Butterfly does however appear to be one of the last strokes in which males specialise. The models may be useful as talent identification tools, as they predict the age at which an average sub-elite swimmer could potentially peak. The expected rate of improvement could serve as a tool in which to monitor and evaluate benchmarks.

2023, Tanta University

مستخلص البحث باللغة العربية " تأثير برنامج تدريبي بأستخدام البنش المتحرك المعدل لتطوير القوة العضلية ومتغيرات الأداء الفني لسباحي الصدر" أسم الباحث : هشام محمد كاظم محمد ذكي تكمن أهمية البحث ومشكلته في أن العصر الحديث تميز بالتطور العلمي في كثير من مجالاته وقد انعكس هذا التطور علي المجال الرياضي الذي ادي الي زيادة التنافس بين الدول لتحقيق السبق في المجال الرياضي وتعد رياضة السباحة أحد المجالات الرياضية التي وصلت الي مستوي عالي من الدقة والاتقان معتمدة في ذلك علي الاساليب العلمية الحديثة في التدريب ، وأحد المجالات الهامة التي تطورت بشكل كبير هو الاجهزة والادوات المساعدة في تدريب السباحة ويرجع الفضل في ذلك الي علماء التحليل الحركي والبيوميكانيك والتسابق بين الشركات المصنعة للأجهزة الرياضية و الخبراء في مجال تدريب السباحة كما تساهم الاجهزة الرياضية الخاصة برياضة السباحة في التدرج في التعليم والتدريب وتسهيل اداء الحركات و أضافة عنصري الأثارة والتشويق داخل الوحدة التدريبية مما يزيد من ثقة الاعب بنفسة والأعداد الشامل والمتزن و التوافق بين طرفي عضلات الجسم (العلوية والسفلية) وذلك من خلال تنمية الجوانب البدنية والحركية والمهارية وتنمية الاحساس العضلي والادراك المكاني مع توافر عامل الامن والسلامة وأمكانية التدريب في أي وقت في حالة عدم توافر حمام سباحة او لعوامل مناخية سيئة ، كما تحقق الأجهزة المساعدة في السباحة الكثير من الاهداف أهمها التدريب علي المهارات في ضوء المسار الحركي و المنحني الخصائصي المثالي وكذلك تنمية عناصر اللياقة البدنية وعلي رأسها القوة العضلية – والقوة المميزة بالسرعة – والتحمل - والتوافق الخاصة بالأداء المهاري وتنمية المجموعات العضلية العاملة علي المهارة عن طريق الانقباض العضلي الأيزوكنتيك وهو الأنقباض العضلي المشابه للأداء المهاري تم اختيار عينة البحث بالطريقة العمدية الطبقية وكانت تتراوح أعمارهم السنية من (11-12) سنة من طلبة كلية التربية الرياضية من العام الدراسي 2017 – 2018 وكان قوامهم (40) طالب تم اختيار (28) طالب منهم واستبعاد (12) أخريين و قد استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي بأسلوب القياس القبلي والبعدي للمجموعة واحدة وذلك لملاءمته لطبيعة هذه الدراسة وأسلوبها . وقد تمم تطبيق البرنامج المقترح علي المجموعة التجريبية وقد تم اختيار الاختبارات المهارية والبدنية التالية : • قياس المتغيرات البدنية 1- القوة العضلية ( الديناموميتر - أختبار الشد لاعلي ولأسفل- الحد الأقصي لتكرار ضغط المقعد – الحد الأقصي لتكرار جلوس القرفصاء ) 2- 200 متر تحمل عام 3- 50 متر تحمل السرعة 4- 25 متر سرعة 5- قياس زمن 25 متر ضربات رجلين 6- قياس زمن 25 متر ضربات زراع • قياس مكونات مستوي الأداء المهاري - حبس التنفس تحت الماء 15/ث - معدل الضربة لـ25م - زمن الضربة لـ25م - طول الضربة لـ25م وقد أسفرت نتائج الدراسة علي أن البرنامج التدريبي قد حسن من المهارات التالية : (1) أختبار الحد الأقصي لتكرار ضغط المقعد بنسبة (56.994%). (2) أختبار الحد الأقصي لتكرار جلوس القرفصاء بنسبة (49.420%). (3) أختبار الشد لأعلي بنسبة (29.482%). (4) أختبار الشد لأسفل بنسبة (35.186%). (5) الديناموميتر (36.446% ) (6) أختبار 200 متر تحمل عام بنسبة (14.231% ) (7) أختبار 50 متر تحمل سرعة بنسبة (15.228% ) (8) أختبار 25 متر سرعة بنسبة (14.272%) (9) أختبار 25 متر ضربات رجلين بنسبة (6.126 %) (10) أختبار 25 متر ضربات ذراعين بنسبة (4.986% ) (11) أختبار مهارة حبس التنفس تحت الماء بنسبة (28.452 %) (12) (معدل الضربة) بنسبة (23.413%). (13) (طول الضربة) بنسبة (26.033%). (14) (زمن الضربة) بنسبة (8.124%). وكان ذلك لصالح القياسات البعدية وقد تم التوصل إلي التوصيات الأتية : • استخدام برنامج التدريبات المقترح علي جهاز البنش المتحرك المعدل لتحسين مستوي القوة العضلية في سباحة الصدر. • ضرورة الاهتمام بالتدريبات المقترحة علي جهاز البنش المتحرك المعدل لتحسين مفردات الأداء الفني ومتغيراته مثل الطفو وضربات الرجلين و حركات الزراعين وطول وزمن ومعدل الشدات. • استخدام برنامج التدريبات المقترح علي جهاز البنش المتحرك المعدل لسباح الصدريؤدي الي تحسين التحمل العام وقوة الرجلين و تحمل السرعة والتوافق .

2023, Tanta University

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the device used by the
modified mobile line in the isokinetic method. The researcher used the experimental
method in the tribal and remote measurement method for the same group in order to
suit the nature of this study and its method, and the researcher chose the sample of the
research in the method of class stratification and the age ranged from (20-22) years of
students of the Faculty of Physical Education from the academic year 2017 - 2018 and
the strength of (52) students were selected (28) students and the exclusion of (12) The
most important results were that :
1- The application of the program on the modified mobile device showed a
marked improvement in the muscle strength variable in the experimental
group with ground tests. The percentage of improvement by using
dynamometer (36.446%) and in test (max. (49.420%) and in the test (upper
tensile strength) within gymnasium, the improvement rate (29.482%) and the
test (tensile down) in the gymnasium The improvement rate (35.186%)
2- the presence of significant effect on the strength test in the experimental group
according to Cohn equations where the values of the size of the effect to test
the muscle strength in the experimental group has achieved a value higher than
(0.80), which ranged between (1.785 to 2.731) On the effectiveness of the
proposed program on these tests, which is a high indication indicating the
strong influence of the experimental treatment used on the dependent variable
(28.452%) and (25-meter strike rate) improvement rate (23.413%).
3- The improvement rate in the experimental group showed a significant
improvement in the experimental variables in the experimental group with
water tests. The rate of improvement was (8.124%) and (the length of the
strike was 25 meters). The improvement rate was (26.033%) and 25 meters
speed. The improvement rate was (14.272%) and (25 meters) The
improvement rate was (6.126%) and (25 meters), the improvement rate was
(4.986%).
4- the significant effect of the technical variables on the experimental group
according to Cohn equations. The values of the effect size of the skill variables
in the experimental group reached a value higher than (0.80) which ranged
from (1.522 to 2.563) 0 indicating the effectiveness of the program The
suggested on these tests is a high indication indicating the strong influence of
the experimental treatment used on the dependent variable

2023, Tanta University

Abstract Title: Effects of using some In-Water Hydro-Aerobic Drills on Improving Technical Performance Variables for Junior Front Crawl Swimmers Researcher: Hesham Mohamed Kazem Mohamed Zaki Degree: Master Awarding Year: 2014 The... more

2023, Gymnasium

Middle school represents an important period in the development of children, and a study on the dynamics of the somatic indices in a puberty-age segment of the population could highlight their progress over the course of an academic year. This research started from the idea to find the most important reference points for physical development between two developmental stages of middle-school students, which could constitute a motivation for an applicative intervention. The experimental study was conducted at the "Ştefan cel Mare" National Pedagogical College of Bacau, on a target group of 75 students, on whom initial and final measurements of their somatic parameters were conducted, over the course of the academic year that marked the initial stage and the final one of the children's physical development. The results of the research constituting arguments for the study of the importance and role played by the specific physical education lesson motor content in the middl...

2023, Frontiers in Psychology

Drowning has been the cause of over 2.5 million preventable deaths in the past decade. Despite the fact that the majority of drownings occur in open water, assessment of water safety competency typically occurs in swimming pools. The assessment of water safety competency in open water environments brings with it a few difficulties, but also promises tremendous benefits. The aim of this position paper is to discuss the benefits and caveats of conducting assessments in open water environments as opposed to closed and controlled environments, and to provide recommendations for evidence-based practice. The first theoretical section discusses the effects of the environment and key variables (such as temperature and water movement) on various factors of assessment. These discussions are linked to the two perspectives of representative learning design (based on ecological dynamics) and information processing theory. The second section presents two pilot studies of relevance and provides pr...

2023, International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports

The purpose of the study was to assess a proposed freestyle swimming skills improvement program for female college students. Participants were 87 college female students who were assessed in their freestyle swimming performance through performance test rubric, interview and observation. The proposed freestyle swimming skills improvement program for female college students was designed based on the freestyle skill performance rating of the students and based from the format of Hannula. Findings revealed that, in general the freestyle swimming performance of the respondents is fair. The proposed freestyle swimming skills improvement program for female students of AUF was assessed as excellent and may serve as a viable tool to improve the skills of female college students.

2023, Facta Universitatis, Series: Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education

The aim of the research was to determine the effects of acrobatics programs (ground floor and skipping) on the body composition and flexibility of adolescents. The sample consisted of 50 male adolescents, seventh grade students of the elementary school "Bubanjski Heroji" in Niš, aged 14 years ± 6 months. The experimental group (n = 25) conducted 2 x 45 min per week experimental acrobatics program (ground floor and skipping) The control group (n = 25) continued with the program of regular physical education classes (handball and volleyball) 2 x 45 min per week. The results of the study showed positive changes in body composition: BMI, %MAT, %MIT and flexibility: PLNL, RANL, ISKP caused by the acrobatics program. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the experimental program of acrobatics lasting 16 weeks is an effective method that leads to a statistically significant improvement in body composition and flexibility of adolescents.