Sex Factors Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

2025, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research

Background The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery requirements state that an orthopaedic residency must offer at least 5 years of clinical education and some exposure to research. To expose residents to basic research, some programs, including ours, have a research track that allows for 1 year of basic science research. The degree to which research productivity during residency-which may be something that can perhaps be influenced by interventions like research tracks during residency-affects residency graduates' future research contributions is unknown. Questions/purposes Our research goals were to determine whether (1) residents who published in a peer-reviewed journal during residency were more likely to publish in their careers after graduation; (2) residents who participated in an elective research year were more likely to publish at least one paper in a peer-reviewed journal during residency; and (3) residents who participated in the research year were more likely to choose academic careers. Methods Using questionnaires, online PubMed searches, and office contact, the career paths (academic versus private practice) and publications in peer-reviewed journals of all 122 Case Western Reserve University orthopaedics residents who completed training from 1987 to 2006 were analyzed. Results Seventy-five percent of residents who published peer-reviewed research during residency continued with peer-reviewed publications in their careers versus 55% of residents who did not publish during residency (p = 0.02). No difference in career paths was observed between the Case Western Reserve University research and traditional track-trained surgeons. During residency, however, research track-trained surgeons were more likely to publish in peer-reviewed journals (71% versus 41% of traditional track-trained surgeons, p \ 0.01). Conclusions Residents who publish in a peer-reviewed journal during residency are more likely to continue publishing in their future careers as orthopaedic surgeons. Future studies are needed to elucidate the causative factors in the association between publishing in a peer-reviewed journal during training and further contributions later in an orthopaedic surgeon's career.

2025, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics

of the 4 1 st Annual ASTRO Meeting 239 tumor region was assessed by cross-sectional imaging in all cases and real-time radiotherapy review was included in the protocol. The pre-op RT protocol used a field margin of 5-cm surrounding gross tumour, or less if protected by an intact barrier to tumour invasion such as a thick fascial sheath. In post-op RT, the 5-cm margin was also used but also surrounded the surgical field including scars, drain sites, or post-op changes apparent on imaging studies.

2025, Journal of Biomechanics

Using ground reaction forces recorded while propelling a manual wheelchair on an instrumented treadmill may represent a valuable alternative to using an instrumented pushrim to calculate temporal and kinetic parameters during propulsion. Sixteen manual wheelchair users propelled their wheelchair equipped with instrumented pushrims (i.e., SMARTWheel) on an instrumented dual-belt treadmill set a 1 m/s during a 1-minute period. Spatiotemporal (i.e., duration of the push and recovery phase) and kinetic measures (i.e. propulsive moments) were calculated for 20 consecutive strokes for each participant. Strong associations were confirmed between the treadmill and the instrumented pushrim for the mean duration of the push phase (r=40.98) and of the recovery phase (r=40.99). Good agreement between these two measurement instruments was also confirmed with mean differences of only 0.028 s for the push phase and 0.012 s for the recovery phase. Strong associations were confirmed between the instrumented wheelchair pushrim and treadmill for mean (r=40.97) and peak (r=40.96) propulsive moments. Good agreement between these two measurement instruments was also confirmed with mean differences of 0.50 Nm (mean moment) and 0.71 Nm (peak moment). The use of a dual-belt instrumented treadmill represents an alternative to characterizing temporal parameters and propulsive moments during manual wheelchair propulsion.

2025, Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

Platelet count (PLT) mean platelet volume (MPV) and plateletcrit (PCT) were determined for 117 Landrace • Large White piglets aged 3-21 days; counts were performed with an automated blood cell counter (ABX Pentra 120). Reference values were estimated following the guidelines of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) and the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH). The calculated central 95% reference limits for PLT was 49.9-516.2 • 10 9 /l, for MPV 6.71-9.91 fl and for PCT 0.009-0.395%. When observations are divided into three age groups (about 1 week each) there is an increase in mean PLT count and PCT in 2-week piglets, and a decrease in MPV from the first to the third week of life. These reference values provide guidelines for interpreting for experimental and clinical observations, as well as for monitoring of the health status of similar aged piglets determined using automated impedance-light focusing methodology.

2025

High success rate has been reported widely with conventional endodontic. When failure occurs, re-treatment alone or with surgical endodontics is the recommended treatment. To compare the treatment outcome following apicectomy techniques, apicectomy with and without retrograde root - end filling. Fifty three patients presenting with clinical and radiological evidence of pulpal and periapical pathology ≥5mm that will require apicectomy were randomly recruited into the study groups A or B over a period of 12 month. In group A apicectomy was performed without root - end filling and in group B apicectomy was performed with root - end filling. Patients were recalled 12 months and assessed clinically and radiologically. 35 out of 53 recruited patients reported for 12 month re-call visit. Two were excluded because of missing baseline radiographs. 33 patients that reported at 12months recall visit with complete radiographs were used for analysis. Patients age ranged from 16 - 66 years, with ...

2025, Journal of Sport and Health Science

2025, Orthopaedics & traumatology: surgery & research

2025, Journal of the Neurological Sciences

The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the auditory function in infants with perinatal brain injury (PBI) and severe to deep hearing loss with early use of hearing aids (HA). Method: 378 infants with PBI were studied with Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs), Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEPs) and Auditory Steady State Responses (ASSRs) in natural sleep for determining auditory threshold. 13 infants had bilateral sensorineural severe to deep hearing loss. 6 (46.2%) were premature and 7 (53.8%) full-term. The digital HA was adapted in right ear not later than 6 months of age, with an average time of 4 to 6 hours per day. The BAEP and ASSR were performed two times, before 6 months and 12 months old. Statistical analysis was carried out with t-test for related samples. Results: The initial threshold of right ear BAEPs was 81.1 dB and 71.3 dB (p = 0.030) after the use of HA. In the left side, used as control, the initial threshold was 81.4 dB and 81.0 dB after the use of HA (p= 0.225). The threshold of right ear ASSR in frequency of 4000 Hz in was 89 dB and 77 dB (p = 0.013) after the use of HA, the other frequencies of right side and all frequencies of left ear showed no difference (p = 0.846). Conclusions: We conclude that the early use of HA by six months decrease the auditory threshold of BAEPs and the 4000 Hz frequency of ASSRs.

2025, Social Work in Public Health

This study aimed to assess toothbrushing behavior and descriptively analyze the effect of age and gender. Two thousand and six people from the city of Sebha, Libya, aged 1 to 64 years (mean age 26.9 ˙11.6 years, 1,463 females and 543 males) constituted the study sample. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Overall, 85.3% were using a toothbrush and toothpaste as a cleaning aid, whereas 6.3% never brushed their teeth. Only 36.1% brushed twice daily. Age and gender were significantly associated with use of a toothbrush and frequency of toothbrushing. This data serves as a baseline to implement a "preventive self-care instruction program.

2025, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Purpose Heat has been known to increase the risk of many health endpoints. However, few studies have examined its effects on stroke. The objective of this casecrossover study is to investigate the effects of high heat and its effect modifiers on the risk of stroke hospitalization in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Methods We obtained data on first stroke hospitalizations among adults ages 65 and older and daily meteorological information during warm seasons (May-September) from 1994 to 2000 in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Using conditional multiple logistic regressions, the effects of heat days (any day with a temperature greater than the 95th percentile) and heat wave days (at least two continuous heat days) on the risk of stroke hospitalization were investigated. The potential interactions between high heat and age, type of stroke, and gender were also examined. Results Heat day and heat wave at lag-2 day were significantly associated with an increased risk for stroke hospitalization (OR 1.121, OR 1.173, respectively) after adjusting for important covariates. In addition, having two or more heat wave days within the 4 day window prior to the event was also significantly associated with an increased risk (OR 1.119, 95 % CI 1.004, 1.246) compared to having no heat wave days during the period. The effect of high heat on stroke was more significant for ischemic stroke, men, and subjects ages 80 years or older. Conclusions Our study suggests that high heat may have adverse effects on stroke and that some subgroups may be particularly susceptible to heat.

2025, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

To compare longitudinal changes in healthcare costs between fallers admitted to the hospital at the time of the fall (admitted), those not admitted to the hospital (nonadmitted), and nonfaller controls; test hypotheses related to differences in mean costs between and within these groups over time; and estimate the costs attributable to falling. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort. SETTING: Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound. PARTICIPANTS: Seven thousand nine hundred ninetythree nonadmitted fallers, 976 admitted fallers, and 8,956 nonfallers aged 67 and older enrolled in an integrated healthcare delivery system. Fallers were identified according to fall-related E-Codes and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes recorded between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2006. Nonfallers were frequency matched on age group and sex. MEASUREMENTS: Quarterly costs during a 3-year period were modeled using generalized estimating equations. Covariates included index age, sex, RxRisk (a comorbidity adjuster), fall status, time, and interactions between fall status and time. RESULTS: Cost differences between the faller cohorts and nonfallers were greatest in quarters closest to the fall (all Po.01) and persisted throughout the entire year of followup. Although nonfaller costs increased with time, faller cohort costs increased more quickly (all Po.01). For admitted fallers, 92% of costs incurred in the quarter of the fall were estimated to be attributable to falling ($27,745 of $30,038, Po.001). CONCLUSION: Falls for which medical attention are sought resulted in higher costs than for nonfallers for up to 12 months after a fall, particularly for falls requiring hospitalization. Prevention efforts should focus on reducing fall-related injuries requiring hospitalization because they produce the highest excess costs and have a higher likelihood of 1-year mortality.

2025, Transplantation

Kosovo doctors were convicted for participating in 30 illegal transplants. Both cases have a strong connection with Israel. In 2012-2013 we travelled to South Africa, Kosovo and Israel to study and compare a) the modus operandi of the criminal networks, and b) the successes and hurdles in investigation and prosecution of the networks. This study formed part of the EU-funded HOTT Project on traffi cking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal that aims to improve non-legislative responses to the crime. Methods We conducted 25 interviews in these countries with police, prosecutors, legal experts, policy-makers, ministry representatives, patients, nephrologists, transplant surgeons, health insurance company representatives, and more. Transcripts were analyzed qualitatively. We also studied case materials, including charge sheets, witness statements and indictments. Results Using sophisticated modes of operation, both networks successfully conducted illegal transplants in an organized manner. Most recipients were of Israeli descent and paid up to $120,000 for a transplant. 'Donors' were recruited from Romania, Russia, Brazil, Israel, Kazakhstan and other countries. Both networks operated for a long time with impunity because of legal loopholes and corruption, and were discovered and prosecuted differently. The local disruption of the criminal networks is the most important success, while the biggest hurdle in both cases is lack of international collaboration. Conclusion Prosecution of organ traffi cking networks is rare. Under the HOTT project, these results will be used to develop indicators and recommendations that will benefi t countries worldwide in recognizing, investigating and prosecuting organ traffi cking.

2025, Global Journal of Health Science

Background: Human resource in health system especially in developing countries has main role in health promotion. Therefore their satisfaction and motivation are the key points in developing health system. Objective: To determine the motivation and satisfaction of general physicians (GP) towards their career. Methods: Using random sampling, 150 physicians were selected from comprehension commercial database list. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that consisted of three sections; first demographic data, second work satisfaction and third questions toward biologic, dependent and growth motivation. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 with P<0.05. Results: From participants 64.7% of physicians were in age between 30-40 years and 27.3% were men. Only 5.3% of physicians who were employed for over 10 years were satisfied from their career. Satisfaction of career among female and male physicians was 8% and 24% respectively. The item of job safety sensation in biologic motivation had maximum scale (4.1±0.89). In dependent and growth motivations, value success sensation in job (4+-0.88) and make new skills and knowledge (4+-0.67) had maximum scale of mean. Relation of growth motivators with age (P<0.01), postgraduate duration (P<0.005) was significant. Dependent motivators had significant relation with age (P<0.04), postgraduate duration (P<0.01) and employment duration (P<0.002). Biological motivators had significant relation with sex (P<0.4) and satisfaction of work hours (P<0.007). Correlation of biological (r=0.44, P<0.001) and growth (r=0.7, P<0.001) motivators was significant. Growth motivators score had higher ranking than other motivators. However, biological motivators especially job security and finance were also important and must be noticed from decision makers.

2025, Foot and ankle clinics

Many different surgeries have been proposed for hallux valgus treatment, osteotomies being the currently recommended ones. Because of high recurrence rates, distal, diaphyseal and proximal osteotomies have been used to improve alignment and sesamoid reduction. The center of rotation of angulation (CORA) concept applies to any deformity and helps to completely realign 2 bone segments. When used with proximal osteotomies, bone displacement and angulation is performed obtaining complete deformity correction. The proximal oblique sliding closing wedge (POSCOW) osteotomy follows the CORA concept and permits preoperative planning. Future directions must include the correction of the pronation deformity of the metatarsal.

2025, Pancreatology

Objective: The learning curve of laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is long and is associated to high morbidity mainly because of the technical difficulty of the pancreatojejunostomy (PJ). Simulation has demonstrated to shorten the learning curves of advanced laparoscopy. The objective is to present the results of a PJ simulated training programme. Methods: A simulated model using ex-vivo tissue to perform a laparoscopic PJ programme was designed, based on three difficulty levels depending on the Wirsung's duct dilatation (8 mm-5 mm-2 mm). The time, OSATS (5e25 points) and filtration through the anastomosis were registered in each session. Each surgeon must perform a permeable anastomosis in less than 40 minutes, without filtration and OSATS > 20 to continue to the next level. Initial and final evaluation of the 2 mm level was performed. Finally surgeons performed the procedure in patients. Results: Two expert surgeons without experience in LPD completed the training programme. During the initial evaluation operatory time was 48/52 minutes, OSATS 14/ 15 points and both had filtrations in the anastomosis. In the final evaluation operatory time was 25/33 minutes, OSATS 24/23 point, without filtration and good permeability. An average of three sessions was required to complete each level and a total of ten sessions. After the simulated training programme the surgeons performed 7 LPD in real patients. Six patients evolved without complications in the pancreatic anastomosis and only one patient developed a type B fistulae. Conclusion: Simulated training reduces learning curves of the laparoscopic laparoscopic pancreaticojejunostomy. The skills learned in the laboratory are transferred satisfactorily to the operation room.

2025, Surgical Endoscopy

Introduction Aggressive en bloc resection of adjacent organs is often necessary to resect pancreatic or colonic lesions. However, it is debated whether simultaneous pancreatectomy with colectomy (P?C) is warranted as it potentially increases morbidity and mortality (MM). We hypothesized that MM would be increased in P?C, especially in cases of pancreatitis. Methods All patients who underwent pancreatectomy (P) and simultaneous pancreatectomy with colectomy (P?C) at a high-volume center from November 2006 to 2015 were prospectively collected using ACS-NSQIP at our institution. Patients with additional multivisceral or enucleation procedures were excluded. Data were augmented to 90-day outcomes using our institutional database. Results Forty-three patients with a mean age of 62 years (27:16 male: female) underwent P?C, accounting for 2.39% (43/1797) of pancreatectomies performed. Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) was performed in 61% (n = 26), distal pancreatectomy (DP) in 37% (n = 16), and total pancreatectomy (TP) in 2% (n = 1) of patients. The 30-and 90-day MM were higher in P?C than P (30-day: 54 vs. 37%, p = 0.037 and 9 vs. 2%, p = 0.022; 90-day: 61 vs. 42%, p = 0.019 and 14 vs. 3%, p = 0.002). Logistical regression modeling revealed an association between 90-day mortality and colectomy (p = 0.013, OR = 3.556). When P?C MM were analyzed according to intraoperative factors, there was no significant difference according to type of pancreatectomy (PD vs. DP vs. TP), origin of primary lesion (pancreas vs. colon), surgical indication (malignant vs. non-malignant), or case status (planned colectomy vs. intraoperative decision). Conclusions Addition of colectomy to pancreatectomy substantially increased MM. Subanalysis revealed that type of resection performed, etiology, and planning status did not account for increased risk when performing P?C. However, colectomy was found to be an independent risk factor for mortality. Therefore, patients should be informed of the risk of increased postoperative complications until a further study can identify potential patients or perioperative factors that can be used for risk stratification.

2025, Clinical Pharmacokinetics

2025, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal

To objectify another person is to dehumanize and treat that person as an object. Objectification has interested dress scholars, and some objectification scholars have acknowledged that clothing and bodies act to facilitate or resist objectification. Research purposes were to determine the extent to which dress had been used to evoke objectification in experiments when objectification was an outcome and to determine whether internal validity had been correctly established. Experimental objectification research was content analyzed using descriptive statistics. A database search resulted in 80 refereed empirical research articles containing 91 experiments. Dress was used to evoke objectification in 57 experiments; yet, many provided no rationale for using dress stimuli or conducted manipulation checks or stimulus pretests. These practices call into question the validity of research results and may explain inconsistent results. Opportunities for dress scholars and recommendations for t...

2025, Journal of the Motherhood Initiative For Research and Community Involvement

2025, Journal of Cutaneous Pathology

2025, Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

2025, Systematic Reviews

Background: Systematic review methodology includes the rigorous collection, selection, and evaluation of data in order to synthesize the best available evidence for health practice, health technology assessments, and health policy. Despite evidence that sex and gender matter to health outcomes, data and analysis related to sex and gender are frequently absent in systematic reviews, raising concerns about the quality and applicability of reviews. Few studies have focused on challenges to implementing sex/gender analysis within systematic reviews. Methods: A multidisciplinary group of systematic reviewers, methodologists, biomedical and social science researchers, health practitioners, and other health sector professionals completed an open-ended survey prior to a two-day workshop focused on sex/gender, equity, and bias in systematic reviews. Respondents were asked to identify challenging or 'thorny' issues associated with integrating sex and gender in systematic reviews and indicate how they address these in their work. Data were analysed using interpretive description. A summary of the findings was presented and discussed with workshop participants. Results: Respondents identified conceptual challenges, such as defining sex and gender, methodological challenges in measuring and analysing sex and gender, challenges related to availability of data and data quality, and practical and policy challenges. No respondents discussed how they addressed these challenges, but all proposed ways to address sex/gender analysis in the future. Conclusions: Respondents identified a wide range of interrelated challenges to implementing sex/gender considerations within systematic reviews. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to identify these challenges from the perspectives of those conducting and using systematic reviews. A framework and methods to integrate sex/ gender analysis in systematic reviews are in the early stages of development. A number of priority items and collaborative initiatives to guide systematic reviewers in sex/gender analysis are provided, based on the survey results and subsequent workshop discussions. An emerging 'community of practice' is committed to enhancing the quality and applicability of systematic reviews by integrating considerations of sex/gender into the review process, with the goals of improving health outcomes and ensuring health equity for all persons.

2025, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

Objectives: To revise a sex and gender appraisal tool for systematic reviews (SGAT-SR) and apply it to Cochrane sepsis reviews. The revision process was informed by existing literature on sex, gender, intersectionality, and feedback from an expert advisory board. We revised the items to consider additional factors associated with health inequities. We appraised sex and gender considerations using the SGAT-SR-2 and female Participation-to-Prevalence Ratio (PPR) in Cochrane sepsis reviews. Results: SGAT-SR-2 consists of 19 questions appraising the review's sections and use of the terms sex and gender. Among 71 SRs assessed, 50.7% included at least one tool item. The most frequent item was the number of participants by sex or gender at included study-level (24/71 reviews). Only four reviews provided disaggregated data for the full set of included trials, while two considered other equity-related factors. Reviews rarely appraised possible similarities and differences across sex and gender. In at least half of a subset of reviews, female participants were under-represented relative to their share of the sepsis population (PPR<0.8). The SGAT-SR-2 tool and the PPR can support the design and appraisal of systematic reviews to assess sex and gender considerations, address to whom evidence applies, and determine future research needs.

2025, PLOS ONE

Background: There is increasing recognition of sex/gender differences in health and the importance of identifying differential effects of interventions for men and women. Yet, to whom the research evidence does or does not apply, with regard to sex/gender, is often insufficiently answered. This is also true for systematic reviews which synthesize results of primary studies. A lack of analysis and reporting of evidence on sex/gender raises concerns about the applicability of systematic reviews. To bridge this gap, this pilot study aimed to translate knowledge about sex/gender analysis (SGA) into a user-friendly 'briefing note' format and evaluate its potential in aiding the implementation of SGA in systematic reviews. Methods: Our Sex/Gender Methods Group used an interactive process to translate knowledge about sex/gender into briefing notes, a concise communication tool used by policy and decision makers. The briefing notes were developed in collaboration with three Cochrane Collaboration review groups (HIV/AIDS, Hypertension, and Musculoskeletal) who were also the target knowledge users of the briefing notes. Briefing note development was informed by existing systematic review checklists, literature on sex/gender, in-person and virtual meetings, and consultation with topic experts. Finally, we held a workshop for potential users to evaluate the notes. Results: Each briefing note provides tailored guidance on considering sex/gender to reviewers who are planning or conducting systematic reviews and includes the rationale for considering sex/gender, with examples specific to each review group's focus. Review authors found that the briefing notes provided welcome guidance on implementing SGA that was clear and concise, but also identified conceptual and implementation challenges. Conclusions: Sex/gender briefing notes are a promising knowledge translation tool. By encouraging sex/gender analysis and equity considerations in systematic reviews, the briefing notes can assist systematic reviewers in ensuring the applicability of research evidence, with the goal of improved health outcomes for diverse populations.

2025, Systematic Reviews

2025, PloS one

There is increasing recognition of sex/gender differences in health and the importance of identifying differential effects of interventions for men and women. Yet, to whom the research evidence does or does not apply, with regard to sex/gender, is often insufficiently answered. This is also true for systematic reviews which synthesize results of primary studies. A lack of analysis and reporting of evidence on sex/gender raises concerns about the applicability of systematic reviews. To bridge this gap, this pilot study aimed to translate knowledge about sex/gender analysis (SGA) into a user-friendly 'briefing note' format and evaluate its potential in aiding the implementation of SGA in systematic reviews. Our Sex/Gender Methods Group used an interactive process to translate knowledge about sex/gender into briefing notes, a concise communication tool used by policy and decision makers. The briefing notes were developed in collaboration with three Cochrane Collaboration review...

2025, Journal of Women's Health

Objective: To examine the use of sex-and gender-based analysis (SGBA) in systematic reviews of cardiovascular health in order to strengthen the evidence base for clinical practice and policy. Methods: To determine the current status of SGBA in systematic reviews, an appraisal tool was developed by the research team and applied by an independent reviewer to a random sample of 38 Cochrane systematic reviews. The sample was drawn from reviews addressing interventions for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A random sample of Cochrane reviews in cardiovascular health was selected from the Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2001, to Issue 3, 2007. The main outcome measure was the number of reviews that included analysis of sex or gender or both. Results: Our findings showed that SGBA was generally absent in the sampled reviews. Data were rarely disaggregated by sex; only 2 of 38 reviews reported any sex or gender research gaps. Only one quarter of the reviews included a rationale as to why any subgroup analyses by sex were or were not completed. None of the 38 reviews met all of the appraisal tool criteria. As well, we found that where sex or gender was mentioned, the terms were used interchangeably. Conclusions: Despite increasing evidence over the past decade documenting that sex and gender frequently matter in CVD, this study demonstrated that SGBA was rarely considered in systematic reviews. We suggest this omission has important implications for assuring the quality of research and of evidence-based policy and practice and for achieving equitable health outcomes for women and men. To build a robust evidence base for future work in cardiovascular health, we propose that the methodologies of systematic reviews and of SGBA be refined and synchronized to enhance the collection, synthesis, and analysis of evidence for decision making.

2025, International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences

AIM OF STUDY: Salivary gland tumors are uncommon, and the epidemiological data of these tumors in various parts of the world can be helpful for a better understanding of their biology and clinical characteristics. Thus, this study was an epidemiological survey of salivary gland tumors in the western Uttar Pradesh population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was a clinical review of our experience with different subtypes of salivary gland tumors, diagnosed from May 2004 to May 2010. The histological diagnoses were evaluated according to the 2005 WHO classification. These data were analyzed for the distribution of benign and malignant salivary tumors in minor salivary glands, male to female ratio, age range, and site of occurrence. RESULTS: A total of 1805 specimens were received; of these, 4% were diagnosed as salivary gland tumors, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.4. The mean age of the patients was 51.4 ± 18.1 years. Of the tumors, 59.5% were benign and 40.5% were malignant neoplasms, with the most common tumors being pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The present study provides demographic data on a series of salivary gland tumors in the western Uttar Pradesh population. This study confirmed that some tumors have a predilection for certain sites, and that the risk of malignant disease is also greater at specific sites within the oral cavity.

2025, Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Background: In the modern digital age, patients are increasingly consulting online physician reviews prior to making healthcare decisions. Physician review websites are being used in many medical fields including orthopaedic surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate trends in online physician reviews and determine which factors are most strongly correlated with the likelihood that an orthopaedic surgeon is to be recommended by patients. Methods: Healthgrades.com, the most comprehensive physician rating and comparison database, was queried for “orthopaedic surgery” in the state of New Jersey. Demographic information, fellowship training status, years of experience, malpractice/disciplinary actions, physician ratings and the likelihood to recommend score (LTRS) was collected for all physicians. Quantitative analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, student t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Qualitative analysis of randomly selected positive comments and all negative comm...

2025, Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association

To evaluate patients' ability to return to swimming after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) with capsular closure. Consecutive FAIS patients who had undergone hip arthroscopy for the treatment of FAIS by a single fellowship-trained surgeon were reviewed. The inclusion criteria included patients with a diagnosis of FAIS who self-reported being swimming athletes with a minimum clinical follow-up duration of 2 years. For all patients, we assessed demographic data; preoperative physical examination findings, imaging findings, and patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores including the modified Harris Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living subscale, Hip Outcome Score-Sports-Specific subscale, and visual analog scale for pain; and postoperative examination findings and PROs at a minimum of 2 years after surgery, including a swimming-specific questionnaire. The study included 26 patients (62% female patients; average age, 31.3 ± 7.2 years; av...

2025, Mathematical biosciences

For some diseases, the transmission of infection can cause spatial clustering of disease cases. This clustering has an impact on how one estimates the rate of the spread of the disease and on the design of control strategies. It is, however, difficult to assess such clustering, (local effects on transmission), using traditional statistical methods. A stochastic Markov-chain model that takes into account possible local or more dispersed global effects on the risk of contracting disease is introduced in the context of the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis. The model is used to analyse TB notifications collected in the Asembo and Gem Divisions of Nyanza Province in western Kenya by the Kenya Ministry of Health/ National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The model shows evidence of a pronounced local effect that is significantly greater than the global effect. We discuss a number of variations of the model which identify how this local effect depends on factors such as age and gender. Zoning/clustering of villages is used to identify the influence that zone size has on the model's ability to distinguish local and global effects. An important possible use of the model is in the design of a community randomised trial where geographical clusters of people are divided into two groups and the effectiveness of an intervention policy is assessed by applying it to one group but not the other. Here the model can be used to take the effect of case clustering into consideration in calculating the minimum difference in an outcome variable (e.g. disease prevalence) that can be detected with statistical significance. It thereby gauges the potential effectiveness of such a trial. Such a possible application is illustrated with the given time/spatial TB data set.

2025, Animals

Due to the lack of unequivocal scientific evidence, gonadectomy’s effects on dogs’ behavior are still debated. Since veterinarians differ in their opinion, there may be considerable diversity in the advice received by owners. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gonadectomy on dog behavior across time. Ninety-six dog owners (48 control dogs and 48 experimental dogs) were interviewed twice (T0 and T1, nine months later) to obtain information about their dog’s behavior. No change was found in the eating behavior or weight of dogs of both groups. Compared to T0, at T1, experimental dogs were reported to show less mounting behavior, pull on the leash, and roaming behaviors. Marking behavior did not vary across time for both groups of dogs. A tendency to reduce owner-directed aggression was observed at T1 for experimental male dogs, while no change was observed for male controls. The literature reports conflicting information about the effect of gonadectomy on behavior, suggesting...

2025, PLoS ONE

Background: Optimally, expanded HIV testing programs should reduce barriers to testing while attracting new and highrisk testers. We assessed barriers to testing and HIV risk among clients participating in mobile voluntary counseling and testing (MVCT) campaigns in four rural villages in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. Methods: Between December 2007 and April 2008, 878 MVCT participants and 506 randomly selected community residents who did not access MVCT were surveyed. Gender-specific logistic regression models were used to describe differences in socioeconomic characteristics, HIV exposure risk, testing histories, HIV related stigma, and attitudes toward testing between MVCT participants and community residents who did not access MVCT. Gender-specific logistic regression models were used to describe differences in socioeconomic characteristics, HIV exposure risk, testing histories, HIV related stigma, and attitudes toward testing, between the two groups. Results: MVCT clients reported greater HIV exposure risk (OR 1.20 [1.04 to 1.38] for males; OR 1.11 [1.03 to 1.19] for females). Female MVCT clients were more likely to report low household expenditures (OR 1.47 [1.04 to 2.05]), male clients reported higher rates of unstable income sources (OR 1.99 [1.22 to 3.24]). First-time testers were more likely than non-testers to cite distance to testing sites as a reason for not having previously tested (OR 2.17 [1.05 to 4.48] for males; OR 5.95 [2.85 to 12.45] for females). HIV-related stigma, fears of testing or test disclosure, and not being able to leave work were strongly associated with non-participation in MVCT (ORs from 0.11 to 0.84). Conclusions: MVCT attracted clients with increased exposure risk and fewer economic resources; HIV related stigma and testing-related fears remained barriers to testing. MVCT did not disproportionately attract either first-time or frequent repeat testers. Educational campaigns to reduce stigma and fears of testing could improve the effectiveness of MVCT in attracting new and high-risk populations.

2025, Medical Science Monitor

The aim of this observational, single-center study was to evaluate the impact of gender on surgical outcome in patients with active infective endocarditis (AIE) of the aortic valve. Between October 1994 and January 2011, 755 patients (558 men and 297 women) underwent surgery for AIE at the Leipzig Heart Center, Germany, according to the modified Duke criteria. Data were collected before surgery and as the study was ongoing. Gender influence on survival was evaluated (Kaplan-Meier curves). Cox proportional models were used to evaluate gender differences in relation to early mortality (within 30 days) and late mortality (up to 10 years). The early mortality rate was 15.0% among men and 23.0% among women, which was statistically significant different (p=0.01). In male patients, variables associated with overall mortality were age (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.43-1.86; p<0.001), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.48-2.75; p<0.001), preoperative low ejection fraction (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-0.99; p=0.002), previous cardiac surgery (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.22-2.13; p=0.001), preoperative ventilation (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.14-2.75; p=0.012), preoperative dialysis (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.20-2.98; p=0.006), NYHA Class IV (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.12-2.15; p=0.008), and involvement of multiple valves (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24-2.19; p=0.001) had a statistically significant influence on the late mortality. Focus identification (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.08-2.77; p=0.023), involvement of multiple valves (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.02-2.26; p=0.040), preoperative dialysis (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.96-6.77; p<0.001), and age (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28-1.82; p<0.004) were predictive risk factors for late mortality in women with AIE (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5-8.4; p<0.004). This study demonstrated distinct gender-based differences in risk of mortality in patients with AIE (who were undergoing surgical treatment) with different early and long-term outcomes.

2025, European Journal of Orthodontics

Retromolar space has long been identified as a major factor in the aetiology of mandibular third molar impaction. The aims of this study were to compare mandibular third molar space between the different antero-posterior (A-P) skeletal patterns, between erupted and impacted third molars in the different A-P skeletal patterns, and to report on the status of third molar eruption/impaction among the studied subjects. A total of 432 mandibular third molars in 270 subjects (132 females and 138 males) were investigated from dental pantomograms (DPTs) and lateral cephalograms (LC). The average age for the total sample was 20.80 ± 2.03 years. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their ANB angle as follows: skeletal Class I (144 third molars in 90 subjects), skeletal Class II (145 third molars in 95 subjects), and skeletal Class III (143 third molars in 85 subjects). Each group was subdivided into impacted and erupted subgroups. DPT and LC were traced and the following variables were measured: retromolar space width, third molar width and angulation, b angle, second molar angulation, mandibular length, and gonial angle. Independent t-test, analysis of variance, and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Retromolar space width in the Class III subjects was smaller than in the Class I subjects (P < 0.05). Mandibular third molars were recorded as impacted in 26, 32, and 42 per cent of the Class I, II, and III subjects, respectively (P < 0.001). The impacted groups had a reduced retromolar space width, increased b angle, and reduced third molar angulation in all A-P skeletal patterns. Class III subjects showed increased mandibular third molar impaction with reduced retromolar space width.

2025, Dental and Medical Problems

Background. Large airway dimensions are associated with a rapid decline in the lung function and a higher risk of hospitalization. Therefore, the airway dimensions of healthy subjects who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be associated with the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Objectives. The objectives of this study were to measure the upper airway dimensions and the craniofacial skeletal parameters in patients who tested positive for COVID-19, to compare the upper airway dimensions and the craniofacial skeletal parameters between patients who developed no/mild symptoms and those with moderate-severe COVID-19 symptoms, and to assess any association of the skeletal relationships (anteroposterior (AP) and vertical) and the upper airway dimensions with the severity of COVID-19 symptoms in adult subjects. A total of 204 orthodontic patients who tested positive for COVID-19 were evaluated. Of these, only 137 met the inclusion criteria. The sample was further subdivided into 2 groups based on the severity of symptoms: cases (moderate-severe symptoms; n = 56); and controls (asymptomatic/mild symptoms; n = 81). The upper airway dimensions and the skeletal parameters were measured on lateral cephalograms. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to detect differences between the cases and the controls. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the studied variables and the severity of symptoms. Results. The cases had a reduced lower face height (LFH) and a reduced perpendicular distance from the hyoid bone to the line connecting the anteroinferior limit of the 3 rd cervical vertebra (C3) and the retro gnathion point (RGN) (HH1) as compared to the controls. Regression analysis revealed a significant association of LFH (p = 0.013), the vertical airway length (VAL) (p = 0.002) and HH1 (p = 0.021) with the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusions. The types of malocclusion were similar in the cases and the controls. Patients with reduced LFH and VAL, and a superiorly positioned hyoid bone in relation to the mandible developed more severe COVID-19 symptoms.

2025, Australasian Orthodontic Journal

Background Delayed dental development has been linked with tooth agenesis. Research aimed at dental age estimation in subjects with third molar agenesis has been minimal. Objectives To investigate the association between dental stage of development and third molar agenesis. Materials and methods A total of 700 orthopantomograms (OPTs) were obtained for this study. The age of the subjects ranged from 10 to 16 years (13.66 ± 1.50 years). The subjects were divided into two groups of which group 1 consisted of 350 patients (175 females and 175 males) with third molar agenesis and group 2 (control group) had all third molars present. The control group matched the study group for gender and chronological age (CA). Dental age (DA) was estimated from the OPTs using the Demirjian method for all included subjects. Results The mean CA and DA in the third molar agenesis group were 13.81 ± 1.60 years and 13.72 ± 1.65 years, respectively (p > 0.05). The mean CA and DA in the control group were...

2025, RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of Demirjian method in estimating the chronological age of male and female Jordanian children and to establish a new dental age curve if the Demirjian method was not found to be accurate. Methods: Orthopantomograms (OPTs) of 1374 Caucasian Jordanian children (684 females and 690 males) aged 4 to16 years were selected and the dental age was determined by Demirjian method. The chronological ages of the children were obtained by subtracting their birthdates from the date of taking the radiograph. The OPTs were obtained from Archives of Dental Teaching Clinics /XXX and other private orthodontic practices in Irbid and Amman. Results: Demirjian method overestimated chronological age in female and male subjects aged 4 to 8 years. Afterwards, the method underestimated chronological age in females aged 9-11 years and 14-16 years. In male subjects, chronological age was underestimated in subjects aged 9-12 years and 15-16 years. New the dental age curves f...

2025, The European Journal of Orthodontics

This study was carried out to record maximum occlusal bite force (MOBF) among different dentition stages in children and to study the relation of occlusal bite force to weight, height, and gender. A total of 1011 children (500 females and 511 males) aged from 3 to 18 years were examined. The subjects were divided into 5 groups according to their dentition stage as the following:-early primary dentition stage (100 males and 100 females, average age was 3.37 ± 0.23 years), late primary dentition stage (104 males and 100 females, average age was 5.86 ± 1.15 years), early mixed dentition stage (100 males and 100 females, average age was 8.15 ± 0.67 years), late mixed dentition stage (100 males and 100 females, average age was 9.97 ± 0.86 years ), and permanent dentition stage (107 males and 100 females, average age was 14.03 ± 2.14 years). Occlusal bite force was measured using a hydraulic occlusal force gauge. The means of MOBF for the different dentition stages were:-176 N in early primary stage, 240 N in late primary stage, 289 N in early mixed stage, 433 N in late mixed stage, and 527 N in the permanent dentition stage, respectively. Gender differences were detected in groups 2, 3 and 4. Height and age signifi cantly correlated with the MOBF in all dentition stage groups except group 1. In conclusion, the MOBF increased with age. Age, gender, and height were signifi cant predictors of the MOBF.

2025, The Angle Orthodontist

Objective: To assess the morphology and dimensions of mandibular symphysis (MS) in different anteroposterior jaw relationships and to investigate whether craniofacial parameters have any correlation with its shape and/or dimensions. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of subjects with Class I, Class II, and Class III skeletal relationships were traced. Several craniofacial and MS parameters were measured. MS parameters were compared between the three groups using analysis of variance and were correlated with the craniofacial parameters using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Larger angle of concavity of the chin, more inclination of the alveolar bone toward the mandibular plane, and larger MS dimensions and area (P < .001) were found with a Class III skeletal relationship compared to Class I and Class II relationships. The Pearson correlation coefficient between Id-Me and AFH was r = 0.83 and between Id-Me and LAFH it was r = 0.81. Conclusions: The dimensi...

2025, The Angle Orthodontist

Objective: To investigate the relationship between personality traits and a person's attitude toward orthodontic treatment and perception of pain during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of two groups: group 1 consisted of 200 untreated subjects (100 males, 100 females; average age, 21.50 6 3.35 years), and group 2 consisted of 200 treated subjects (100 males, 100 females; average age, 20.92 6 2.48 years). The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire that included assessment of patients' personality profiles, pain expectation for untreated subjects, pain experience for treated subjects, and attitudes toward orthodontic treatment. Results: Gender, treatment status, and personality traits did not affect subjects' average attitude toward orthodontic treatment, whereas gender was the only variable that affected subjects' average pain perception (P , .01). The average attitude score in subjects who experienced pain during orthodontic treatment was 5.06 6 1.43, compared to 4.32 6 1.35 for subjects who did not experience pain (P , .001). The average pain perception scores in treated subjects with previous knowledge of orthodontic treatment was 5.29 6 1.94, compared to 6.07 6 1.95 in subjects who did not have previous knowledge of orthodontic treatment (P , .01). Conclusions: Personality traits did not affect attitude toward orthodontic treatment and pain perception/experience during orthodontic treatment. A more positive attitude was found in patients who experienced less pain during orthodontic treatment. (Angle Orthod. 2010;80:1141-1149.

2025, Journal of Social Issues

The history of research on intimate partner violence is reviewed, with a special focus on how my own work in this area has evolved. The role of researcher values in the research process is highlighted. Some of the issues emerging from this review are the need for better measures of intimate partner violence, reasons why women's violence has been ignored by many researchers, and a discussion of the conditions under which women display violence. Policy implications of this research are discussed. In this article, I discuss some of the ways in which values affect the research process, using my own research as well as that of other feminists interested in partner violence against women to demonstrate these effects on the types of research questions asked as well as in the interpretations of research findings. This issue of values in the research process is of special interest to SPSSI. Members of SPSSI often join because they care about a wide variety of social issues. The application of research to help in solving social problems is essential to the mission of SPSSI. Our strong values lead us to research questions that will have a direct impact on people's lives. As we work on such questions, we are aware that science can never be truly value free. As point out in Crosby's 2005 Lewin Address article, "while we strive for objectivity, we do not consider that we can be neutral about the place of our research in society or about the very shape of society itself" (p. 429). Crosby and Bearman go on to discuss not only how the underlying values of the researcher affect the selection of the research topic, but also the samples and methodologies used to investigate this topic. Whether the values are explicit or implicit, they are always present.

2025, Scientometrics

Attribution theory as a new perspective for studying the psychology of science and scientists is introduced through use of a case study of college students' attributions for success and failure in science. The attributional perspective incorporates views of one's own competence as well as beliefs about the importance of effort for success in science. It also provides a framework for analyzing differences in attitudes about various fields of science. Sex differences in science participation are a further area which can be analyzed from an attributional perspective. Results from the college student study are discussed along with suggestions for future research.

2025, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH)

This research offers a valuable contribution by examining the overexcitabilities (OEs) of students who are gifted in Selangor, Malaysia. Findings will undoubtedly yield greater insight into the various dimensions of OEs among the gifted that enables educators, administrators, and policymakers to transform them into productive attitudes and behaviors that can further enhance the development of the intellectual, sensual, emotional, imaginational, and psychomotor attributes and propensities among the gifted.

2025, Journal of Oral Rehabilitation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between osseous changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and dental attrition in the Japanese macaque. One hundred and thirty Japanese macaque skulls (54 male and 76 female) from animals which had been bred in the same environment, were randomly sampled from a collection at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University. The age at death had been recorded in all cases. TMJ osseous changes were independently evaluated by three examiners, and were defined as an irregular surface or a perforated

2025, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Objective-To examine street victimization and posttraumatic stress symptoms among urban homeless adolescents and to test whether emotional numbing and avoidance represent distinct posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters. Method-Structured, private interviews were conducted with homeless adolescents (N = 374) in the Seattle metropolitan area (95% response rate) from 1995 to 1998. Results-Eighty-three percent of street youths were physically and/or sexually victimized after leaving home. Approximately 18% of these youths met research criteria for PTSD. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis suggest that disaggregating symptoms of avoidance from symptoms of emotional numbing provides a better fit of the data than the current DSM-IV model in which these symptoms are combined in one factor. Conclusions-Sexual and physical victimization are serious threats for homeless adolescents, and those who are victimized are at risk for PTSD. Results challenge the belief that symptoms of avoidance and numbing represent one unified cluster in this population.

2025, Digestive Diseases and Sciences

2025, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Otomycosis is a fungal infection mainly affecting the outer ear, but can spread to the in nerear and become severe. The disease can cause a serious damage for its recurrence and resistance to treatment. The purpose of this work is to determine the prevalence of otomycosis in first place, then in second place to specify the contributing factors and to describe the spectrum of fungi involved. We conducted a prospective study over a period of 6 months between March 2018 and August 2018 in laboratory of parasitology and mycology at the Military Hospital Avicenna of Marrakech. Fore ach patient we performed an atrial sampling with sterile swabs. A direct examination and culture on Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol media with and without cycloheximide were carried out. The identification of fungi was based on the macroscopic, microscopic and phenotypic characteristics of colonies. Our study included 67 patients, of which 28 were positive, giving an overall prevalence of 41% with female predominance. The average age of our patients was 40 years old. Many factors enhanced the otomycosis, the daily cleaning of the external ear canal was the most recurrent factor (46%), followed by frequent bathing (35%). The most common species were Aspergillus niger (46%), Aspergillus flavus (35%), and Candida albicans (17%). This study demonstrates the importance of otomycosis in the etiologies of otitis in our population. The management of these infections must include a mycological study in order to establish an antifungal therapy adapted to the pathogen.

2025, Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Background: Renal failure may directly or indirectly influence pulmonary ventilation. Since hemodialysis can decrease the extra liquids, improvement in pulmonary function by decreasing liquids in the lungs is expected. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of acute hemodialysis on spirometry parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with end-stage renal disease who referred for hemodialysis to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital of Zahedan City during 2016. Patient data including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. Spirometry was performed one hour before and after hemodialysis, and spirometry parameters including vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% FVC (FEF 25% - 75%) were measured. Results: A total number of 50 patients (30 men) completed spirometry. In men, there were a significant...