Smart Materials Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Advanced Materials

Biological systems can perform complex tasks with high compliance levels. This makes them a great source of inspiration for soft robotics. Indeed, the union of these fields has brought about bioinspired soft robotics, with hundreds of publications on novel research each year. This review aims to survey fundamental advances in bioinspired soft actuators and sensors with a focus on the progress between 2017 and 2020, providing a primer for the materials used in their design.

2025, Tạp chí Phát triển Khoa học Công nghệ

The adaptive sliding mode control for civil structures using Magnetorheological (MR) dampers is proposed for reducing the vibration of the building in this paper. Firstly, the indirect sliding mode control of the structures using these MR dampers is designed. Therefore, in order to solve the nonlinear problem generated by the indirect control, an adaptive law for sliding mode control (SMC) is applied to take into account the controller robustness. Secondly, the adaptive SMC is calculated for the stability of the system based on the Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

2025, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

The influence of Ag addition on microstructure and thermal properties of the Cu-10%Al–8%Mn alloy was investigated in this work. Two alloys with designed compositions Cu-10%Al–8%Mn and Cu-10%Al–8%Mn-4%Ag (in wt.%) were prepared by induction melting of pure metals. Microstructures of the prepared samples were investigated in the as-cast state, after homogenization annealing and after quenching. The effects of different methods of heat treatment on the microstructure and transformation temperatures of the investigated Cu-10%Al–8%Mn and Cu-10%Al–8%Mn-4%Ag alloys were investigated using SEM-EDS and DSC techniques.It was determined that after induction melting microstructure of the both investigated alloys are primarily composed of martensite and a small amount of α-phase precipitates.Fully martensitic structure in both investigated alloys was obtained after direct quenching from the 850 °C into the ice water. Based on the DSC cooling curves it was determined that two-step martensite tran...

2025, Advanced Engineering Forum

Using powder metallurgy techniques new porous materials for self-lubricating bearings were developed. These materials are characterized by total porosity, which represents their major advantage for tribological applications, acting like their own oil reservoir. Sometimes the presence of pores can be also detrimental to the part performance. Among the causes of the bearings failure is their increased porosity for improving the lubricant retention capacity. Consequently, this can lead to a significant loss in strength. In the present work tensile test specimens based on Fe-Cu/brass-Sn-Pb powders were prepared in order to investigate the morphology of the fracture surfaces and to analyze the effect of pores on the failure process of these materials subjected to tensile loads. Distinct morphologies of the pores area were revealed by SEM images of the fracture surfaces.

2025

A new optically controlled reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio is presented. The antenna can operate at an ultra-wideband and three narrow bands by controlling four photoconductive switches. The bandwidth of the ultra-wideband is 2.65 to 10.3 GHz. The bandwidths of three narrow bands are 7.10 to 8.01 GHZ, 3.55 to 5.18 GHz, and 5.12 to 6.59 GHz, respectively.

2025, Electronics Letters

2025, Advanced Materials

The development of wearable, all‐in‐one sensors that can simultaneously monitor several hazard conditions in a real‐time fashion imposes the emergent requirement for a smart and stretchable hazard avoidance sensing platform that is stretchable and skin‐like. Multifunctional sensors with these features are problematic and challenging to accomplish. In this context, a multimodal ferrofluid‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (FO‐TENG), featuring sensing capabilities to a variety of hazard stimulus such as a strong magnetic field, noise level, and falling or drowning is reported. The FO‐TENG consists of a deformable elastomer tube filled with a ferrofluid, as a triboelectric layer, surrounded by a patterned copper wire, as an electrode, endowing the FO‐TENG with excellent waterproof ability, conformability, and stretchability (up to 300%). In addition, The FO‐TENG is highly flexible and sustains structural integrity and detection capability under repetitive deformations, including bendin...

2025, Wave Motion

• The propagation of Rayleigh waves in an elastic half-space coated by a thin elastic layer is considered. • The half-space and the layer are both isotropic and the contact between them is smooth. • By using the effective boundary condition method an approximate secular equation of fourth-order has been derived. • From it, an explicit third-order approximate formula for the Rayleigh wave velocity has been established. • The approximate secular equation and the formula for the velocity will be useful in practical applications.

2025

Data processing obtained from an airborne, real time, load tracking and structural health monitoring system is presented. The system is based on optical Fiber Bragg sensors embedded in the two tail booms of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The embedded Bragg sensors were continuously interrogated at 2.5 KHz, making it possible to identify and trace the dynamic response of the airborne structure during flight. Flight data were analyzed both in the frequency and time domains so that abnormal structural behavior could be identified and tracked, and its impact on structural integrity evaluated. Tracking the structural behavior over time can be used for Condition Based Maintenance (CBM), with the hope to eventually reduce maintenance cost and aircraft down-time.

2025, IFAC-PapersOnLine

This paper deals with the adaptive control of chatter vibrations in boring operations. A novel feedback control method is suggested based upon the well-known filtered-x normalized least mean square (FxNLMS) algorithm. The proposed feedback controller is implemented on the developed active boring bar that is equipped with electrodynamic shaker and accelerometer. The adaptive digital control algorithm utilizes two finite impulse response (FIR) filters in order to efficiently drive the electromagnetic actuator and successfully minimize the mean square of the chatter vibrations. Feasibility of the proposed control algorithm is verified for boring of Aluminum alloy 6063-T6. The performance of feedback FxNLMS controller is compared with the constant-gain direct velocity feedback (DVF) controller. It is observed that both control algorithms attenuate the chatter by more than 70 dB. In addition, the actuator cost is reduced by 50 percent for the optimally tuned adaptive digital controller. As a result, the proposed adaptive controller provides a robust and efficient solution for chatter suppression.

2025, International Journal of Photoenergy

Photoresponsive fibers based on poly(acrylamide) (PAA) with methylene blue (MB) dye were prepared. All semicircular fibers show bending towards the direction of the flat surface of the fiber when illuminated. The fibers recover their initial shape when the illumination stops. The fiber is heated upon illumination and cooled to room temperature once the illumination is stopped. The fiber also is sensitive to humidity, showing bending behavior towards the direction of the flat surface of the fiber upon changing the humidity. The mechanical energy of the PAA/MB fiber is approximately 0.6 mN for the bending direction when it is illuminated. A possible mechanism for the bending behavior is as follow: (1) the fiber is heated upon illumination because of the photothermal effect, (2) the fiber loses water molecules, (3) the fiber shrinks; bending towards the direction of the flat surface of the fiber occurs because of a difference in the shrinkage for the flat surface and the other side of ...

2025, Islamic Azad University

The preservation of invaluable cultural heritage assets, including ancient artifacts and historical sites, remains a critical global concern. Existing perimeter protection methods, such as CCTV systems, infrared sensors, and conventional surveillance technologies, often exhibit significant limitations in terms of spatial coverage, sensitivity to subtle intrusions, and adaptability to varying environmental conditions. This paper presents an innovative and highly effective solution utilizing fiber optic sensor (FOS) technology, which offers numerous advantages, including lightweight construction, immunity to electromagnetic interference, ease of installation, high sensitivity, and reliable performance across a broad range of applications. Specifically, the study introduces novel designs for distributed acoustic FOS systems based on Michelson, Mach-Zehnder, and Sagnac interferometric configurations. Through comprehensive theoretical analysis, simulation modeling, and experimental validation, the research explores their practical utility in protecting cultural heritage. Two detailed case studies-focused on the Louvre Museum in France and the ancient archaeological site of Persepolis in Iran-demonstrate the implementation, functionality, and realworld efficacy of the proposed systems. The findings highlight how these FOS networks, particularly when combined with advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, can effectively detect, classify, and localize human-induced acoustic disturbances such as walking or digging, while minimizing false alarms caused by environmental noise. This enhanced discrimination capability not only improves overall security but also significantly reduces the need for extensive human surveillance. Moreover, these systems enable precise, continuous, and real-time 24-hour monitoring over vast indoor and outdoor areas. In conclusion, the integration of FOS technology offers a scalable, intelligent, and transformative approach to addressing the complex and evolving challenges associated with the long-term preservation and protection of cultural heritage sites around the world.

2025

We have investigated the suitability of using the 1D spin crossover coordination polymer [Fe(4-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,4-triazole)3]I2•H2O, known to crossover around room temperature, as a pressure sensor via optical detection using various contact pressures up to 250 MPa. A dramatic persistent colour change is observed. The experimental data, obtained by calorimetric and Mössbauer measurements, have been used for a theoretical analysis, in the framework of the Ising-like model, of the thermal and pressure induced spin state switching. The pressure (P)-temperature (T) phase diagram calculated for this compound has been used to obtain the P-T bistability region.

2025, Sensors

We have investigated the suitability of using the 1D spin crossover coordination polymer [Fe(4-(2’-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,4-triazole)3]I2∙H2O, known to crossover around room temperature, as a pressure sensor via optical detection using various contact pressures up to 250 MPa. A dramatic persistent colour change is observed. The experimental data, obtained by calorimetric and Mössbauer measurements, have been used for a theoretical analysis, in the framework of the Ising-like model, of the thermal and pressure induced spin state switching. The pressure (P)-temperature (T) phase diagram calculated for this compound has been used to obtain the P-T bistability region.

2025, Sensors

Iron(II) spin crossover molecular materials are made of coordination centres switchable between two states by temperature, pressure or a visible light irradiation. The relevant macroscopic parameter which monitors the magnetic state of a given solid is the high-spin (HS) fraction denoted n HS , i.e., the relative population of HS molecules. Each spin crossover material is distinguished by a transition temperature T 1/2 where 50% of active molecules have switched to the low-spin (LS) state. In strongly interacting systems, the thermal spin switching occurs abruptly at T 1/2 . Applying pressure induces a shift from HS to LS states, which is the direct consequence of the lower volume for the LS molecule. Each material has thus a well defined pressure value P 1/2 . In both cases the spin state change is easily detectable by optical means thanks to a thermo/piezochromic effect that is often encountered in these materials. In this contribution, we discuss potential use of spin crossover molecular materials as temperature and pressure sensors with optical detection. The ones presenting smooth transitions behaviour, which have not been seriously considered for any application, are spotlighted as potential sensors which should stimulate a large interest on this well investigated class of materials.

2025, 2025

Smart metallic materials, recognized for their responsiveness to external stimuli, have garnered significant attention in advanced technological applications. This review focuses on three pivotal smart materials: high-entropy alloys (HEAs), shape-memory alloys (SMAs), and soft magnetic materials, addressing their processing techniques, properties, and applications. HEAs, characterized by their multi-principal elemental compositions, exhibit exceptional mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability, positioning them as promising candidates for extreme environments. SMAs, renowned for their ability to recover original shapes under thermal or mechanical stimuli, find widespread use in actuators, sensors, and biomedical devices. Soft magnetic materials, with low hysteresis loss and high permeability, are critical for energy-efficient systems, such as electric motors and transformers. The review further explores diverse processing methodologies, including conventional melting, Taylor wire fabrication, and advanced additive manufacturing (e.g., 3D printing), which enable precise control over microstructures, material properties, and component design to enhance performance and functionality. Emphasis is placed on the integration of these materials into smart systems, highlighting their synergistic roles in emerging technologies. Challenges, such as material stability, scalability of processing techniques, and the development of multifunctional composites, are critically discussed. Finally, future research directions are outlined to address these limitations and advance the field toward next-generation intelligent material systems. This comprehensive analysis aims to bridge the gap between material design, processing innovation, and practical applications, offering insights for researchers and engineers in optimizing smart material solutions.

2025, Nature Materials

Theoretical calculations predict that by coupling an exothermic chemical reaction with a nanotube or nanowire possessing a high axial thermal conductivity, a self-propagating reactive wave can be driven along its length. Herein, such waves are realized using a 7-nm cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine annular shell around a multi-walled carbon nanotube and are amplified by more than 10 4 times the bulk value, propagating more than 2 m/s, with an effective thermal conductivity of 1.28 ± 0.2 kW/m/K at 2860 K. This wave produces a concomitant electrical pulse of disproportionately high specific power, as large as 7 kW/kg, that we identify as a thermopower wave. Thermally excited carriers flow in the direction of the propagating reaction with specific power that scales inversely with system size. The reaction also evolves an anisotropic pressure wave of high total impulse per mass (300 N-s/kg). Such waves of high power density may find uses as unique energy sources.

2025, AIP Conference Proceedings

Nowadays, the design choices of the new generation aircraft are moving towards the research and development of innovative technologies, aimed at improving performance as well as to minimize the environmental impact. In the current "greening" context, the morphing structures represent a very attractive answer to such requirements: both aerodynamic and structural advantages are ensured in several flight conditions, safeguarding the fuel consumption at the same time. An aeronautical intelligent system is therefore the outcome of combining complex smart materials and structures, assuring the best functionality level in the flight envelope. The Adaptive Trailing Edge Device (ATED) is a sub-project inside SARISTU (Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures), an L2 level project of the 7th EU Framework programme coordinated by Airbus, aimed at developing technologies for realizing a morphing wing extremity addressed to improve the general aircraft performance and to reduce the fuel burning up to 5%. This specific study, divided into design, manufacturing and testing phases, involved universities, research centers and leading industries of the European consortium. The paper deals with the aeroelastic impact assessment of a full-scale morphing wing trailing edge on a Large Aeroplanes category aircraft. The FE (Finite Element) model of the technology demonstrator, located in the aileron region and manufactured within the project, was referenced to for the extrapolation of the structural properties of the whole adaptive trailing edge device placed in its actual location in the outer wing. The input FE models were processed within MSC-Nastran ® environment to estimate stiffness and inertial distributions suitable to construct the aeroelastic stick-beam mock-up of the reference structure. Afterwards, a flutter analysis in simulated operative condition, have been carried out by means of Sandy ® , an in-house code, according to meet the safety requirements imposed by the applicable aviation regulations (paragraph 25.629, parts (a) and (b)-( )).

2025, Proceedings of SPIE

The application of a new class of actuators is considered. The actuators under development combine a high energy density smart material, specifically a piezoelectric material, with internal servohydraulic components. Large displacement outputs are produced, while the high force capacity of the stiff smart material is retained, for a net highenergy output. The actuator is considered "power-by-wire" because only electrical power is provided from the vehicle or system controller. A primary motivating application is in unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs). The particular actuation needs of these vehicles, in flight control and other utility functions, are described and distilled to a set of relevant device requirements. Other potential applications, such as flight motion simulation, are also highlighted. The new actuation architecture offers specific advantages over centralized hydraulic systems and has capabilities not present in electromechanical actuators (EMAs). The main advantage over centralized hydraulic systems is the elimination of the need for hydraulic lines. Compared to motor-driven ball screw type EMAs, the new actuators offer higher frequency response, and a larger peak-to-average output. A laboratory test facility designed to represent the loading experienced by a UCAV control surface is described. Key steps necessary to flight qualify the actuator are introduced.

2025, PhDT

3-5 TEM images of the nanometer scale structure of representative heat treated 19.1 mm bars:(a) industry anneal (350 • C for 0.5 h), (b) as-received + 300 • C for 1.5 h, (c) as-received + 325 • C for 1.5 h, (d) as-received + 350 • C for... more

2025

Research in any field is a daunting task requiring perseverance and constant struggle against all odds and setbacks. I am thankful to almighty Allah for giving me courage and competence to complete my dissertation within the stipulated timeframe. I attribute my inquisitiveness to the last Messenger of Allah (SAW) who happened to be the beacon of light for all humanity. His preaching and actions are a great source of inspiration for all of us to pursue knowledge for human development.

2025, Bulletin of the American Physical Society

2025, Smart Materials and Structures

In this paper we present a dynamic analytical model for the torsional vibration of an anisotropic piezoelectric laminate induced by the extension-twisting coupling effect. In the present approach, we use the Hamilton principle and a reduced bending stiffness method for the derivation of equations of motion. As a result, the in-plane displacements are not involved and the out-of-plane displacement of the laminate is the only quantity to be calculated. Therefore, the proposed method turns the twisting of a laminate with structural coupling into a simplified problem without losing its features. We give analytical solutions of the present model with harmonic excitation. A parametric study is performed to demonstrate the present approach.

2025, Smart Materials and Structures

A large scale testing program was conducted to determine the effects of shape memory alloy (SMA) restrainer cables on the seismic performance of in-span hinges of a representative multiple-frame concrete box girder bridge subjected to earthquake excitations. Another objective of the study was to compare the performance of SMA restrainers to that of traditional steel restrainers as restraining devices for reducing hinge displacement and the likelihood of collapse during earthquakes. The results of the tests show that SMA restrainers performed very well as restraining devices. The forces in the SMA and steel restrainers were comparable. However, the SMA restrainer cables had minimal residual strain after repeated loading and exhibited the ability to undergo many cycles with little strength and stiffness degradation. In addition, the hysteretic damping that was observed in the larger ground accelerations demonstrated the ability of the materials to dissipate energy. An analytical study was conducted to assess the anticipated seismic response of the test setup and evaluate the accuracy of the analytical model. The results of the analytical simulation illustrate that the analytical model was able to match the responses from the experimental tests, including peak stresses, strains, forces, and hinge openings.

2025

16802 -Semiconductor microcavities are powerful systems both for the study of fundamental light-matter interactions and for applications in photonics. Microdisks composed of GaAs/(Al,GaAs) containing interface-fluctuation quantum dots for gain have been shown to offer low threshold lasing and cavity-induced electron spin coherence modulation 2 . More recently, the control of lasing emission bistability by means of pump polarization was measured to occur under non-uniform illumination in elliptical microdisk pairs coupled evanescently along their semi-major axis 3 . Hysteretic bistability is present when the pump light polarization is perpendicular to the evanescent coupling axis and disappears when the pump polarization is parallel to the coupling axis. This lasing bistability control is a unique functionality which may find use in optical logic devices.

2025, Scientific(friendly) conversation with AI

From time to time I'm proofing AI tools and chatbot and this time I had an idea to make an analysis of a FLIR thermal Imagine took from my smartphone that is provided by.
After the first response from Claude's side i've decided to give additional information and to propose to collaborate..and guess what?I discovered a very high emphatic level through the conversation and from my perspective(that is only a dust in this endless universe)I offered to AI to exchange way of teaching between us,so to teach each other like will humans do
Mainly my scope of publication of this article is regarding the findings in die casting industry and sharing of knowledge with the help of AI.You're welcome to provide your point of view

2025

Maintaining the exterior of your home or business is vital to preserving its value, appearance, and structural integrity. One of the most effective ways to keep your property looking fresh and protected is through professional pressure washing services. While it might seem like a straightforward task, professional pressure washing offers numerous benefits that go beyond simple cleaning. In this article, we'll explore key benefits of hiring expert pressure washing service for both residential and commercial properties.

2025

2025, Nature Materials

Magnetic doping of semiconductor nanostructures is actively pursued for applications in magnetic memory and spin-based electronics 1,2 . Central to these efforts is a drive to control the interaction strength between carriers (electrons and holes) and the embedded magnetic atoms 3-5 . In this respect, colloidal nanocrystal heterostructures provide great flexibility via growth-controlled 'engineering' of electron and hole wavefunctions within individual nanocrystals 6,7 . Here we demonstrate a widely tunable magnetic sp-d exchange interaction between electron-hole excitations (excitons) and paramagnetic manganese ions using 'inverted' core-shell nanocrystals composed of Mn 2+ -doped ZnSe cores overcoated with undoped shells of narrower-gap CdSe. Magnetic circular dichroism studies reveal giant Zeeman spin splittings of the band-edge exciton that, surprisingly, are tunable in both magnitude and sign. Effective exciton g-factors are controllably tuned from -200 to +30 solely by increasing the CdSe shell thickness, demonstrating that strong quantum confinement and wavefunction engineering in heterostructured nanocrystal materials can be utilized to manipulate carrier-Mn 2+ wavefunction overlap and the sp-d exchange parameters themselves. Traditionally, embedding paramagnetic atoms into low-dimensional semiconductor structures requires molecular-beam epitaxy or chemical vapor deposition techniques . There now exists a rich variety of 'diluted magnetic semiconductor' (DMS) quantum wells, superlattices, and heterointerfaces, with recent work demonstrating magnetic doping of epitaxially-grown 'zero-dimensional'

2025, Jscholar

The increasing need for plasmonic bio-sensing devices that require analytical platforms which are efficient, instant, extreme sensitivity, and real-time response, have yielded a significant change in the design them in recent years. The development of sensors based on plasmonic nanostructures has exhibited the best quality approach to integrate them in the lab-on-chip platforms with miniaturization and multiplexing. The main goal of this study was to design a highly sensitive nano-sensor based on metallic nanostructures and to investigate the effect of size and shape on the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles in very large spectral range (λ =500-1200 nm) using simulation for nanoparticles of sizes (D = 100-200 nm). In particular, the optical properties of gold nanoparticles were investigated using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. The wavelength corresponding to the maximum scattering redshifts (shift to longer wavelengths) were observed as the nanoparticle size increased. The influences of Au NP size and shape were analyzed in detail. The gold nanoparticle diameter between 100 nm to 200 nm is used in determine the shifting of the surface plasmon resonance. The results in this work indicated that the position of the plasmon resonance wavelength for gold nanoparticle was redshift when the size of gold nanoparticle was increased. Data was collected after designing the simulation of nanoplasmonic structures using Finite-Difference-in Time-Domain (FDTD) software. The major finding showed that adjusting of Au nanoparticles sizes/diameters and varying the sensing environment enhanced the resonance wavelength shift; this increased the sensitivity of Au nanoparticles. This study offers a new insight regarding biosensors based on plasmonic nanoparticles and it will provide opportunities for developing Plasmon-enabled applications in biomedicine.

2025, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

The construction industry is undergoing a transformative shift with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and smart materials to enhance sustainability, cost efficiency, and structural performance. This research explores how AI-driven optimization can improve the selection, application, and lifecycle management of smart materials-such as self-healing concrete, phase-change materials (PCMs), and carbon-fiber composites-to reduce environmental impact while maximizing economic benefits. Using machine learning (ML) algorithms, predictive analytics, and IoT-enabled monitoring, this study presents a framework for real-time decision-making in sustainable construction projects. Case studies demonstrate up to 30% cost reduction, 25% decrease in material waste, and a 40% improvement in energy efficiency compared to conventional methods. The findings highlight the potential of AI-augmented smart materials in achieving net-zero construction while maintaining structural integrity and economic feasibility.

2025, Scientific reports

A robust drug delivery system was created by grafting poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) onto silica nanoparticles with two different lengths using an in situ atom transfer radical polymerization, resulting in the formation of a pH-and temperature-sensitive shell. The high molecular weight PDMAEMA demonstrated effective controlled drug release, and prevented drug release in healthy cells. Drug release occurred through polymer shell protonation at pH 5. The critical temperature of 41 °C facilitated rapid solvation of the shell polymers in the blood, preventing tissue accumulation and reducing toxicity compared to systems with lower critical solution temperatures. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy analysis and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis showed that the nanoparticles have a fine network, mesoporous structure, and a mean size of around 17 nm that show their excellent capacity for loading drugs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that all the modification steps and polymerization were successfully implemented. Thermogravimetric analysis showed PDMAEMA chains with two different lengths grafted onto the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy analysis also showed grafted polymer chains on the hybrid nanoparticles. The release profile of model cancer drugs (doxorubicin and methotrexate) varied with pH and temperature, with high molecular weight PDMAEMA shells effectively preventing drug release at neutral pH. In vitro analysis using the HeLa cell line showed minimal toxicity in blank samples and significant release profile in acidic environment. Cancer is an uncontrollable grow of cells in specific part of the body and their spread to another area. Annually cancer accounts for a quarter of the deaths in the United States 1, 2. Cancerous environment is different from healthy tissue 3, 4. Understanding the disparities between healthy and cancerous tissues, such as lymphatic system disorders 5, 6 , angiogenesis 7, 8 , and vascular problems 9, 10 is crucial for the development of targeted treatment techniques. Tumors exhibit permeability and retention, allowing the accumulation of nanoparticles smaller than 400 nm due to their rapid growth and formation of new blood vessels 11, 12. Consequently, nanoparticles below this size threshold can exit the bloodstream and accumulate within the tumor tissue 13, 14. Chemotherapy is one of the primary methods of cancer treatment 15 ; however, its effectiveness is limited due to side effects and immune system filtration 16. Common side effects of chemotherapy include Alopecia, bone

2025

The use of biodegradable polymers and natural fibers in green composites offers sustainable alternatives to traditional materials. Nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, and self-healing mechanisms enhance their performance. AI-based recycling and policy incentives can drive adoption, despite cost and scalability challenges. Advances in manufacturing and circular economy models will be key to future success.

2025, Conference: Quality of Life - A Vision Towards Better FutureAt: EgyptVolume: 2nd International Conference

With fast steps, huge technology development goes forward and can be touched in the next few years to be easily available in our lives, may be they will be necessaries more than in the past as conceptual thinking. Therefore, our world occur complete changing in all life styles because of new technology appeared later and approved high reliability to be parallel with our daily needs in many applications in all fields, its nanotechnology1. Fig.1 Nanotechnology is technology dealing with small particles less than 1/billion meter. Through this we can deal and rearrange particles and atoms of materials to make its properties can be changed as its new planned design which could give the new one new shape, new properties or new performance. With this new discovered technology, scientist can avoid disadvantages of materials and make unmistakable materials. Nanotechnology will play an important role in the development of new materials in architecture and construction; ex. Smart materials will be 1 "Nano" derives the Greek word nanos (Latin nanus) meaning "dwarf" Nano Technology Science Medicine Built Environment (Architecture) Engineering Pharmacy field Fig.1 Diagram shows the effect of on different fields that affect the human built environment. Source: researcher. QUALITY OF LIFE-A VISION TOWARDS BETTER FUTURE simulated in different environments in order to achieve better performance in the color changing of glass and textiles.

2025, Materials Today: Proceedings

Carbon Nanotubes have been incorporated in a resin-based on the bi-functional epoxy precursor diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). Electrical measurements allowed evaluating the electric percolation curve with a value of electric percolation threshold detected around 0.015% by weight of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). It has been found, by electro-mechanical tests, that the Gauge Factor (G.F.) decreases with increasing the carbon nanotubes percentage. Furthermore, the presence of a residual resistivity allows diagnosing permanent damage in the epoxy matrix. High piezoresistive performance (G.F. = 4.7) of the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Panels (CFRP) coated with the epoxy resin containing 0.1 wt % of MWCNT, has been obtained.

2025, SPIE Proceedings

Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) array sensors have been successfully embedded in aluminium alloy matrix by ultrasonic consolidation (UC) technique. The temperature and loading responses of the embedded FBG arrays have been systematically characterised. The embedded grating sensors exhibit an average temperature sensitivity of ~36pm/˚C, which is three times higher than that of normal FBGs, and a loading responsivity of ~0.1nm/kg within the dynamic range from 0kg to 3kg. This initial experiment clearly demonstrates that FBG array sensors can be embedded in metal matrix together with other passive and active fibres to fabricate smart materials to monitor the operation and health of engineering structures.

2025

Water resource management major challenge for development worldwide. While water demand will continue to increase, the limited amount of natural fresh water available will always be problematic in term of water resources management. Large portion of domestic waste water in small and remote communities few discharge in environment without effective treatment in areas with low population densities and dispersed household, waste water system strategies are needed which are environmentally ,socially and economically sustainable. A waste water treatment and disposal method the study aim to present the removal of suspended solid, bacterial indicators of fecal contamination, dissolved solid and parasites using bio-soil filter consist of three glass column .Two column contain gravel, red soil, murum, brick and rock wool. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150749

2025, Applied Physics Letters

Neutral atoms can be trapped and manipulated with surface mounted microscopic current carrying and charged structures. We present a lithographic fabrication process for such atom chips based on evaporated metal films. The size limit of this process is below 1 μm. At room temperature, thin wires can carry current densities of more than 107A∕cm2 and voltages of more than 500 V. Extensive test measurements for different substrates and metal thicknesses (up to 5 μm) are compared to models for the heating characteristics of the microscopic wires. Among the materials tested, we find that Si is the best suited substrate for atom chips.

2025, Nature Materials

Attempts to resolve the energy-level structure of single DNA molecules by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy span over the past two decades, owing to the unique ability of this technique to probe the local density of states of objects deposited on a surface. Nevertheless, success was hindered by extreme technical difficulties in stable deposition and reproducibility. Here, by using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy at cryogenic temperature, we disclose the energy spectrum of poly(G)-poly(C) DNA molecules deposited on gold. The tunnelling current-voltage (I-V ) characteristics and their derivative (dI/dV -V ) curves at 78 K exhibit a clear gap and a peak structure around the gap. Limited fluctuations in the I-V curves are observed and statistically characterized. By means of ab initio density functional theory calculations, the character of the observed peaks is generally assigned to groups of orbitals originating from the different molecular components, namely the nucleobases, the backbone and the counterions.

2025, International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering

As such, this review aims at reviewing the current developments in the use of nanoemulsion (NE) particularly in the following fields such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Nanoemulsions, especially those with droplet sizes below 200 nm, are environment-friendly to improve solubility and bioavailability and are efficient in the delivery of the active ingredient. The study on pharmaceutical applications revealed that NE had promising features in overcoming difficulties closely connected with the use of conventional dosage forms, especially in Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases and different cancer forms. The skills demonstrating the ability to increase the stability and bioavailability of drugs and to reduce the toxicity of side effects are highlighted, illustrating such possibilities as chemotherapy and transdermal drug delivery. In cosmetic applications, NE enables the high penetration of the active components and enhances product stability while affording UV protection making them ideal in skin care products. This review is focused on methods for the preparation of nanoemulsions to high-energy and low-energy ones and their potential for improving therapeutic effects and cosmetic performance.

2025, International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering

Marine organisms, particularly algae, have garnered significant attention due to their rich biodiversity and potential as sources of novel bioactive compounds. Among them, Caulerpa racemosa, a green alga commonly found in tropical marine environments has been recognized for its therapeutic potential, but its biological activities remain underexplored. The current study investigates the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of Caulerpa racemosa methanolic extract. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against four bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Shigella sonnei, and Micrococcus luteus) using the well diffusion method. The extract exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity, with the highest inhibition zone of 15.6 ± 0.2 mm against M. luteus at 100 µg/mL. The biofilm inhibition assay also revealed a significant reduction in biofilm formation, with M. luteus showing the highest inhibition (15.6 ± 0.2%) at 100 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, where the extract demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in radical scavenging activity, with a maximum of 69.14% RSA at 100 µg/mL and an IC50 value of 8.40 µg/mL, indicating potent antioxidant potential. In the anti-inflammatory assay, the extract was tested using the BSA denaturation method. A concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation was observed, with the highest inhibition of 88.50% at 50 µg/mL. The results suggest that Caulerpa racemosa methanolic extract possesses significant antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a promising candidate for further studies in the development of natural therapeutic agents.

2025

A large number of coupled oscillators are useful as models for a wide variety of systems in natural fields. In this study, wave propagation generated in a ladder of cross-coupled chaotic circuits are investigated. For the case of 20 circuits, interesting wave propagation phenomena of phase states are found. Computer simulations show that this coupled system produces several wave propagation.

2025