Sociology Of Markets Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Revue Française de Socio-Économie

En prenant cette initiative, les membres de ces deux collectifs visent à valoriser, en le diffusant, un article issu du travail de doctorat de sociologie économique, de socio-économie ou d'économie sociale d'un doctorant ou d'un jeune... more

2025, Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances

Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour S.A.C..

2025

eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide.

2025

Selon quelles modalités le goût - entendu à la fois comme goût des produits et goût des consommateurs pour certains produits - intervient-il dans la construction des marchés des produits agroalimentaires ? Les nombreuses théories et expérimentations sur le goût semblent avoir fait le tour des réponses possibles à cette question. (...) Assez curieusement pourtant, le fait que le goût engage le corps du consommateur dans un rapport physique avec le produit est un point relativement peu abordé. (...) C'est sur ce problème que nous voulons nous pencher dans cette communication, ou, plus précisément, sur la manière dont les industriels l’abordent dans l'exercice de leurs activités. Nous nous sommes donc intéressées à un dispositif spécifique et circonscrit : les séances de dégustation des jurys internes à l’entreprise. En effet, parmi les opérations que les industriels effectuent ou font réaliser par des partenaires pour ajuster leurs produits aux consommateurs, les dégustations ...

2025

Dans le secteur de l'agro-alimentaire, la question de la place du goût se pose assez naturellement dès lors qu'on s'interroge sur le rapport entre le produit et le consommateur. Deux réponses différentes peuvent être apportées. La première réponse consiste à dire que le goût est une entité double qui renvoie d'un côté aux caractéristiques intrinsèques du produit et de l'autre aux inclinations propres du consommateur, le rapport entre l'objet et le sujet du goût étant socialement construit par une série de représentations du produit et de son consommateur. La deuxième réponse consiste à dire qu'il n'y a ni un objet ni un sujet autonome du goût, mais des médiateurs nombreux et variés qui tissent des rapports entre le produit et le consommateur en même temps qu'ils définissent ces deux entités. Entre ces deux réponses, notre préférence va à la deuxième. Toutefois, dans cet ensemble de médiations, la façon dont le goût finit par constituer une relatio...

2025, Economic Sociology in Europe.

2024, Social Science Research Network

As institutions and governance structures develop in modern markets, they tend to "feed back" onto economic activity. Through such feedback loops, market and political arenas can develop symbiotically into relatively coherent "fields" that gradually embed actors' orientations and activities. Using these insights, this article develops and tests a theory of European integration focusing on the case of the European Community, the first pillar of the European Union. Traders, organized interests, courts, and the EC's policy-making organs, over time, have produced a self-sustaining causal system that has driven the construction of the European market and polity. The generality of this explanation to a sociology of markets and polity-building projects is discussed in the conclusion.

2024, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2024, Des toboggans, des ChupaChups et une demande artificielle. Création et captation d'une demande pour les formations privées du supérieur

Private higher education has experienced explosive growth since the 2018 law reforming apprenticeship. Student demand for these private offerings is considered self-evident. The purpose of this study is to deconstruct this notion by showing that the demand is the result of a process of creation, and then capture once this demand is created. The demand for these programs does not pre-exist the offering to the extent that demand actors have a limited knowledge of higher education. The programs fit into these cognitive gaps as well as into the imaginaries of prospective higher education seekers by adopting an enchantment rhetoric. The 2018 apprenticeship reform leads to an opportunistic effect that accelerates the development of private schools, which monopolize the professionalization process. These schools then employ continuous marketing strategies to capture, stimulate, and retain demand, using various intermediaries. The space in which these strategies take place is profoundly marked by information asymmetries, making higher education a specific market where a fabricated framework is put in place by schools, in the absence of regulation or with the complacency of public policies.

2024

Since the early or mid-1990s important changes have taken place in economic sociology. 1 This goes for its institutional status around the world as well as for its theoretical approach. New topics have also been added to its agenda, and interesting advances have been made in analyzing some of the topics that were discussed already during its initial phase in the 1980s. All of these developments will be touched on in this article. Let me start out by saying something about the place of economic sociology in the contemporary academic world. In the United States economic sociology is today represented at many of the major universities in the United States, such as Harvard, Stanford, Cornell and so on. In numerical terms, one can speak of a steady increase since the 1980s, even if exact figures are not available.

2024

Mortgage markets in developing economies are often confined to private networks. Inadequate registration of property rights has been blamed for this, but it is questionable whether registration provides a simple and complete solution. This paper addresses this issue by analysing the Low Countries, where registration was organised well, and England, where registration was organised poorly, between 1300 and 1800. These historical cases show that registration was important but did neither provide a simple nor a complete solution for the emergence of broad mortgage markets. Successful historical markets took considerable time to appear and also addressed mortgage law and financial intermediation

2024

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2024

In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir »Aktivierung« als staatlich finanzierte Industrie mit einem großen Personalbestand. Wir untersuchen die Beispiele Großbritannien und Deutschland, wo die wichtigsten Akteure die öffentlichen Arbeitsämter sind. Gemeint sind damit insbesondere die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) und das Jobcentre Plus (JCP), welche selber Arbeitsvermittlung betreiben sowie Weiterbildung und Beratung für Erwerbslose an externe Unternehmen auslagern. Als weitere wichtige Akteure sind große Anbieter wie die deutschen Sozialverbände und die nationalen karitativen Verbände Großbritanniens zu nennen, aber auch Konzerne wie A4e, Maximus oder Ingeus. In vielen Ländern expandierte die Aktivierungsindustrie zusammen mit den steigenden finanziellen Mitteln für Aktivierungsprogramme. Auch veränderte sie sich durch die Einführung eines Preiswettbewerbs unter den Anbietern. Wie zahlreiche andere Bereiche der Sozialpolitik hängt »Aktivierung« maßgeblich von den Beschäftigten der unteren Stufen der Bürokratie (»street-level bureaucracy«, Lødemel/Trickey 2000) ab. Wie aber sieht die Entwicklung der Arbeitsbeziehungen in diesem Sektor aus? Disciplines Disciplines Human Resources Management | International and Comparative Labor Relations | International Business Comments Comments

2024

A análise de conteúdo como técnica para a análise jurídicoinstitucional de políticas públicas. Content analysis as a technique for the legal-institutional analysis of public policies.

2024

For most of their respective histories, economics and sociology have shared surprisingly little common ground. In recent years, however, practitioners of the two disciplines increasingly find themselves working side by side, exploring the same topics, being challenged by similar issues, and sometimes coming to the same conclusions. The two disciplines have different reasons for coming together. While economists are moving out from the traditional disciplinary center to explore topics such as family, ethnicity, and bureaucracy, sociologists have moved into the heart of economics to uncover the institutional and organizational features of phenomena formerly understood only through a neoclassical lens. Among several areas of overlap, one particularly promising site of disciplinary exchange is forming around two key concepts: networks and markets. Following Joel Podolny and Karen Page (1998, 59), we can define an economic network as a group of agents who pursue repeated, enduring exchange relations with one another and, at the same time, lack a legitimate organizational authority to arbitrate and resolve the disputes that may arise during the exchange. The qualification regarding authority is necessary to distinguish a network from a hierarchy. By contrast, exchange in a market is episodic and anonymous and is mediated by competitively determined prices. Most simply, then, one could say that this book is about the intersection and interaction of personalized exchange with arm's-length exchange. Matters are not so simple, however. To begin, many sociologists would consider the Podolny-Page definition of economic networks too restrictive because, for example, it excludes agents connected only indirectly and occasionally by referral. 1 We might then substitute for the repeated-exchange definition of networks a weaker definition such as "a group of agents who know each other's relevant characteristics or can learn them through referral." Going still further, Mark Granovetter's (1985) work, which has served as the guiding formulation for economic sociology, stresses that all economic action is embedded in networks. Likewise, economists are no longer willing to refrain from applying the concept of "market" to personalized exchange, if in fact they ever were. 2 Indeed, the term "market" has become so elastic and ambiguous as to prompt one sociologist (Lie 1997, 342) to write: "The market is a central category of economics.. .. It is then curious that the market receives virtually no extended discussion in most works of economic theory or history.. .. The market, it turns out, is the hollow core at the heart of economics." One could even say that "market" has become the conceptual banner that economists carry when they move beyond the traditional subject-area boundaries of economics, and "network" has become the equivalent banner that economic sociologists carry as they move into the base of economics. 3 On the one hand, this use of the concepts of "network" and "market" maintains what we feel is a healthy lack of disciplinary convergence between economics and sociology. On the other hand, such an indiscriminate approach obscures what economists and sociologists can learn from each other. We argue that by recognizing personalized exchange among many agents as a network, economists can draw upon insights from economic sociology that they will find valuable, and that by recognizing arm's-length exchange mediated by prices as a market, sociologists can draw upon insights from economics that they will find valuable. The promise for such a mutual enrichment was the inspiration for the workshop that led to this book. This book concentrates on the core concepts of networks and markets and is designed to allow economists to think more deeply about how networks might be useful in economic analysis and sociologists to think more deeply about how markets might be useful in sociological

2024, Revista Direito e Praxis

O objetivo deste artigo é propor um modelo que contribua para a análise jurídico-institucional de políticas públicas, à luz da abordagem Direito e Políticas Públicas (DPP). Por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, propõe-se responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: a aplicação das técnicas de análise de conteúdo, com suporte nas categorias analíticas propostas por Laurence Bardin (Bardin, 2020), pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de procedimentos generalizáveis de pesquisa que possibilitem a análise jurídica de políticas públicas nos planos macro, meso e microinstitucional do governo (Bucci, 2021)? A hipótese é a de que as técnicas de análise de conteúdo são ferramentas promissoras para a investigação das contribuições do direito para as políticas públicas e para a aferição do grau de institucionalidade jurídica da ação governamental com base nos papéis desempenhados pelo direito no âmbito da ação governamental (Coutinho, 2013). A análise de conteúdo como técnica para a análise jurídico-institucional de políticas públicas, além de original, é um modelo de fácil aplicação prática e bastante útil aos seus propósitos. Conclui-se que o modelo de análise jurídico-institucional proposto tem o potencial de oferecer procedimentos generalizáveis de pesquisa e de contribuir com o aperfeiçoamento das políticas públicas.

2024, economic sociology_the european electronic newsletter

Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.

2024, Papeles de trabajo: La revista electrónica del IDAES

El presente texto es una respuesta, y una propuesta, al artículo "¿Romanticismo?", escrito y difundido por el Colectivo Situaciones en su sitio de Internet a propósito de un debate clásico: la relación entre conocimiento y política. El texto de Situaciones alude a un diálogo con Arturo Escobar que fue publicado en esta revista, donde en un tramo se plantea una opción teórico-metodológica entre el "romanticismo" y el "realismo". Según Situaciones, la tensión es entre dos opciones intelectuales dicotómicas: militancia de investigación por un lado; investigación científica o académica por otro. Aquí se afirma que los polos de esa tensión pueden tener puntos de contacto, como cuando se introduce una perspectiva política en los horizontes comprensivos con el fin de transformar la realidad. Pero advierte también la necesidad de una política de las agendas de investigación y una política de la teoría que enfrenten las tendencias a analizar actores que a los investigadores les gustan y que desarrollan discursos y prácticas con los cuales estos se identifican. Palabras clave Conocimiento-compromiso-políticas de la teoría-investigación Desarrollo El Colectivo Situaciones propone continuar un debate sobre un tema que considero crucial: la relación entre conocimiento y política. 3 Se trata, claro, de un tema clásico. Si resulta necesario retomar una y otra vez no es porque dos o más posiciones se repliquen en el tiempo, sino porque no hay argumentos transcontextuales que nos interpelen hasta 1 Agradezco los comentarios y críticas a una versión de este texto de Arturo Escobar, Flavia Costa y Héctor Jaquet. Nunca fue tan cierto como en este caso que los errores son exclusivamente míos. 2 Doctor en Antropología (Universidad de Brasilia); investigador del CONICET; autor de-entre otros libros-Relatos de la diferencia y la igualdad, La nación en sus límites, La cultura en las crisis latinoamericanas (compilador) y Argentina and the Southern Cone (junto a Gabriel Kessler). 3 Ver el texto completo en: "Romanticismo", www.situaciones.org.

2024

Resumo: A ideia de que a ciência econômica molda a realidade mais do que apenas a descreve é o entendimento geral do significado da "tese de performatividade". Este texto busca discutir, à luz desta tese, a prática e proposições dos economistas teóricos. Os economistas fazem modelos que procuram captar a realidade, mas ao mesmo tempo buscam moldar o comportamento dos indivíduos (inclusive de maneira profunda) e das instituições. Ao mesmo tempo, as instituições e o comportamento individual interagem entre si coerentemente por meio destas mesmas teorias econômicas. Por fim, o artigo discute também a relação entre estrutura social e teoria econômica. Palavras-chaves: tese de performatividade; papel dos economistas; influência da ciência econômica

2024, Nauki o Finansach

In early 2021, the cryptoasset market capitalization exceeded $1.5 trillion, and there were more than 300 exchanges in the world where over 8,000 tokens could be traded. As part of research related to mature segments of the financial market (e.g. the stock market in the United States), scientists and practitioners have been trying to identify key risk factors for several decades, thanks to which it is possible to explain the equity risk premium for an investment in a given asset class. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of researchers trying to identify these factors for cryptoassets. The aim of this article was to analyse popular cryptoasset indices in order to identify those that can be used as a proxy of the market portfolio in order to estimate this risk factor premium. The research results indicate that the market risk factor is an important element of the market under study, and the indices that best reflect it are an index consisting of all cryptoassets weighted by capitalization and Coin100 which contains only the 100 largest cryptoassets.

2024, Financial Sciences

2024, International Journal of Quantum Chemistry

Simulations of molecules have recently been performed directly on a blockchain virtual computer at atomic resolution. This tutorial review covers the current applications of blockchain technology for molecular modeling in physics, chemistry, and biology, and provides a step-by-step tutorial for computational scientists looking to use blockchain computers to simulate physical and scientific processes in general. Simulations of carbon monoxide have been carried out using molecular dynamics software on the Ethereum blockchain in order to facilitate the tutorial.

2024, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2024, Socio-economic Review

Valuing the Unique has a seductive hook: it promises a theory of unique or incommensurable goods of all kinds. Singular goods are not simply items, such as a one-of-a-kind work of art, that are literally unique. Rather they are particular items-goods whose purchase is 'governed by the search for a "good" or the "right"' thing. Karpik calls goods like these singularities, and claims to present an economics of singularities that explains them; a general theory of particular things, then. It's an intriguing idea. The book itself is an example of the sort of good it talks about, and of the kind of problem it grapples with. From one point of view it is not unique at all. It is perfectly typical. It is an academic press paperback; it is of standard dimensions (9.1 × 6 × 0.7 inches); it retails for $39.50; it has an evocative title and a somewhat more informative subtitle. It is, in short, one of thousands of such monographs published in 2010. Even within its general field at least several dozen rough substitutes are available, as readers of the review section of this journal are likely to be aware. Moreover,

2024, Papeles de Trabajo

Jens Beckert es una figura central de la segunda generacion de sociologos y sociologas economicos/as que siguieron el re-surgimiento de la disciplina en los 1980s y los trabajos pioneros de Mark Granovetter, Harrison White, Paul DiMaggio, Viviana Zelizer, Frank Dobbin, Richard Swedberg, y Neil Fligstein. Durante los ultimos 20 anos su trabajo ha contribuido a la institucionalizacion de la sociologia economica en Europa. Desde 2005 Beckert ha sido el director del Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG), uno de los institutos de investigacion lideres en los campos de la sociologia economica y la economia politica.La presente entrevista tuvo lugar el mes de Mayo de 2012 en el Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies de Colonia, Alemania.

2024, Revue française de socio-économie

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2024, She Ji: The journal of design, economics and innovation

This article conceptualizes the relation between design, economics, and innovation. Rather than connecting design to economics through the notion of value, it explores how economics construes negative side-effects of market activities. Aligning itself with recent She Ji contributions that tie design to the economic sociology of Michel Callon, this article argues that markets assume a constant process of managing such side-effects. The invention of car safety and the development of safety design features in 1950s Sweden illustrate this. Automotive design through safety innovations can be seen as a design process that transcended the clear separation between business and politics assumed by neoclassical economics. This article argues that this phenomenon is a concern for design scholars as well as social scientists. I assert that it is important to explore this line of inquiry by investigating design processes in different economic settings.

2024, Sociologia & Antropologia

The article sets out to demonstrate the continuing relevance of the concept of embeddedness in economic sociology, juxtaposing it with the question of disembeddedness through an analysis of three time periods. In the first period, the interpretation of the concept introduced by Karl Polanyi was marked by the notion of “social construction of the economy.” In the second period, the debate focused on criticizing the liberalizing agenda of the Washington Consensus, suggesting that its negative effects on economic development and social solidarity would force the state to retake control of the economy, re-embedding it. The third period acknowledges the specificity of the market economy through an analysis of neoliberalism as a political-institutional arrangement and a moral-normative system that produces “embeddedness on disembeddedness.” The article also discusses the re-establishment of social solidarity in an increasingly disembedded economy.

2024, Économie publique/Public economics

2024, Revue française d'économie

La notion de valeur des carrières et son intérêt dans la fonction publique Touria Jaaidane Dans Revue française d'économie Revue française d'économie 2010/3 (Volume XXV) 2010/3 (Volume XXV), pages 79 à 114 Éditions Revue française... more

2024, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Organisation de l'atelier Thèmes abordés Présentation du secteur de l'emballage Les niveaux d'emballage et leurs fonctions Les différents types d'emballage L'étiquetage des produits alimentaires Approvisionnement en emballages et conditionnements Organisation en groupes de travail par groupes de 5 ou 6 Présentation des participants nom, fonction, institution, attentes

2024, Strategic Change

Competitive pressure in the NHSÐ a longitudinal analysis This article examines the longer term effect of competitive tendering in the NHS on managerial approaches to human resource management and industrial relations.. The introduction of competitive tendering for ancillary services was designed to improve ef®ciency by stimulating competition. The labour intensive nature of many services meant that the management of labour was predicted as a major area for effecting savings.. Evidence from the initial rounds of competitive tendering showed, however, that many of the anticipated results did not occur.. This paper presents results of a longer term study of NHS catering services.. These ®ndings show that the continued presence of competitive pressure led to a number of small, but signi®cant changes to the management of labour.. It is argued that the predicted results did not occur, because the ideas on which the policy was based failed to take account of the complexity of how competitive pressure impacts on organizations.

2024, URSI Radio Science Bulletin

2024, Cultura y Representaciones Sociales

Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación desarrollada a lo largo de 2017 por tres miembros del grupo Publicidad, Sociedad y Consumo de la Universidad Central de Bogotá. El objetivo de la investigación era rastrear y analizar las representaciones que circulan en los Mercados Campesinos (en adelante MC) organizados por la Alcaldía Mayor y otras instituciones del gobierno distrital de Bogotá desde 2004. Este interés tiene que ver con nuestra convicción, a la vez epistemológica y política, de que las representaciones sociales son, como diría el sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu (1995), construcciones estructurantes y estructuradas. Es decir que las representaciones son estructuras de pensamiento interiorizadas por los sujetos y, a la vez, construcciones históricas de carácter colectivo que ayudan a coproducir el mundo social. Partiendo de esta premisa, consideramos que es pertinente deconstruir las representaciones sobre el campo y los campesinos que se (re)producen y se negocian en e...

2024, Acta Sociologica

UK). Drawing on a comprehensive dataset consisting of both quantitative and qualitative data, the authors seek to explain the social mechanisms that initiate, maintain, and reverse migration patterns. The goal is to open the black box of migration networks by using the concept of feedback borrowed from the work of Mabogunje (1970). In doing so, they contribute to the literature on how social networks actually operate, when they fail to operate, and to a broader understanding of who the actors are. The

2024, Journal of Computer Science

In this study, a novel blockchain-based platform for renewable energy investment is proposed. The blockchain technology has been shown to be a reliable way to send financial transactions across the world in a decentralized manner, at a fraction of the cost and with a faster transaction time. The proposed platform is capable of handling an equity-sharing investment program for solar PV projects. The platform distributes the electricity generation income by sending it over a blockchain. The Ethereum blockchain is used to create a prototype, which is a smart contract. The prototype is tested with a solar-PV electricity generation data. The result shows that the proposed platform can handle the expected transactions without an error. The overall performance of the proposed platform is tested by comparing its temporal duration and its financial costs with centralized solutions. Therefore, the proposed platform provides all the benefits mentioned at a much cheaper cost.

2024, Tempo Social

Entrevista com Viviana Zelizer sobre a produção do livro The Purchase of Intimacy

2024, Sociologies Pratiques

Comment « faire SYAM » ? Observation de trois circuits alimentaires territorialisés Résumé L'article décrit le processus de constitution de circuits agricoles et alimentaires territorialisés marqués par un partenariat fort entre les opérateurs qui les composent. En s'appuyant sur l'observation de trois initiatives et en ancrant l'analyse dans la sociologie de l'action organisée, les auteurs décrivent quatre faces de ce processus : la visée d'une performance collective à l'échelle du circuit marchand, la volonté de négocier collectivement les règles du jeu, la réalisation d'apprentissages collectifs entre opérateurs et la stabilisation de règles portant sur les engagements de chacun.

2024, Sociologies pratiques

2024, L'Actualité économique

Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne.

2024

How do market actors in the contemporary economy make decisions when they are uncertain of the value of what is being traded? To answer this question, this paper analyses the changing temporal and spatial orientation of economic valuations in increasingly digitalized economies, in which markets can no longer be understood as locally bound and closed sites of valuation and exchange. Drawing on ethnographic material from the fishing industry, the paper shows how digital tracking technologies link and synchronize auction markets with real-time information on fishing activities. Hence, 'scopic media' such as chart plotters and computer screens are not only deployed by skippers to monitor one another, but are also used as valuation devices that recontextualize local knowledge for the purpose of coping with economic uncertainty. As a consequence of this panoptic valuation regime, fishermen control their virtual identities by disciplining harvesting practices according to their buyers' expectations.

2024, British Journal of Social Psychology

Recent years have seen a resurgence of theory and research on the topic ofaccounts and account making. Social scientists from various disciplines have been increasingly concerned with the definition, structure, function and theory of accounts and account making. Some of these scholars have focused on accounts as naturalistic story-like constructions in a variety of social situations, containing plot, characters, attributions and affect; while others have concentrated on accounts as people's tendency to protect self, regain control, or justify/excuse their behaviour in a failure event or situations that are potentially blameworthy. The second auspicious focus is evident in the theoretical framework and findings presented in the book Account Episodes. Theoretically, Schiinbach pursues the concept of accounts in the traditional 'Goffmanian way' and defines an account 'as a special explanation: an account is an answer to an explicit or implicit question guided by a normative expectation' (p. 5). His approach extends and broadens past theoretical endeavours on accounts by depicting an episode as interactional in nature and assuming that participants in an account episode are vulnerable in their needs for control and self-protection or enhancement. Each account episode contains rninimally two agents, an actor and an opponent, through four phases: a failure event in which the actor is held at least partly responsible for the violation of a normative expectation; a reproach phase in which the opponent reacts to the failure event with a mild or severe reproach; an account phase in which the actor offers an excuse or justification; and an evaluation phase in which the opponent evaluates the account, the failure in light of the account, or the actor's personality in light of the failure and the account. These processes can occur at both socio-cultural and interpersonal levels. The book as a whole is well organized, tightly laid out in terms of its flow and style, and extremely thought provoking. The book begins by focusing on theoretical considerations and then moves to experimental investigation. One is struck by the breadth and depth of empirical research introduced in the book. Over 12 separate research studies are represented, all conducted by Schonbach and his colleagues. Schonbach reviews literature relevant to his accounts work; logically and coherently introduces his theoretical arguments; solidly links testable hypotheses to his theoretical assumptions; presents study designs, vignettes and coding strategies in detail; and discusses interpretations and future directions for research based on the results of the studies. Schonbach does an admirable job in recounting an integrated and extensive research programme. He should be praised for the meticulous and conscientious manner in which these interconnected studies were designed and conducted, and further, for the clarity by which they are explained and presented in the book. In addition, his passion for the work and theory are quite evident throughout the book. At the end of the book, Schonbach offers limitations and challenges others to pursue this extensive line of work. There are several core insights that a reader is likely to glean from this book. First, for the young scholar or student, develop an organized research programme early in one's career, so that a presentation as such is possible. Second, according to Schonbach. account making is an interactive process, whether or not opponendactor is directly engaged in the stages of reproach or evaluation. Third, this integrated research programme was designed to manipulate situational, procedural and dispositional variables at the reproach, account and evaluation phases of the account episode. Thus, rather than address the entire account episode in one general study, each experimental study paid careful attention to a specific phasehariable in the account episode. This approach was fruitful in the end. Lastly, Schonbach argues that persons have a desire for order and reliability in the world around them, and when that doesn't occur they restore order and justice by developing an account. Given this argument, what might scholars who focus on accounts as story-like constructions in a variety of social situations learn from Schonbach's theoretical approach on accounts? Can Schonbachb theoretical arguments and account episode phases be applied to differerit social situations, including situations that are not typically labelled as failure events and situations that are not confined to involving people's

2024, Frontiers in Human Dynamics: Institutions and Collective Action

Anthropologists have persistently diminished the importance of the market
and marketplace exchange in premodern, preindustrial times. This strident
anti-marketmentality, derived largely fromthe writings of Karl Polanyi, underpins
an ideological and politicized argument that neither sets useful guideposts
to advance anthropological research, nor does it yield the necessary insights
or empirically valid foundations to comprehend the deep historical origins
of modern economies or polities. In fact, by envisioning the past that is
categorically caged from the modern, the school of thought crystalized through
Polanyi’s perspectives circumvents the role of diachronic processes that are at
the heart of a truly historical social science. Although it is not our principal
aim to relitigate the vast literature pertaining to the rise and fall of Polanyian
thought, our approach expands on prior arguments about his project both by
highlighting critical perspectives on capitalism that long predated Polanyian
thought and by identifying a veritable bounty of new evidence and theory
concerning premodern and contemporary marketplace economies that enable
us to transcend these now-entrenched claims. The scheme we present that
distinguishes between open and competitive marketplaces, on the one hand,
and the capitalist impulse, on the other, we believe, adds depth and breadth to
the analysis of price-making markets and their divergent social and economic
outcomes across time and space.
KEYWORDS
anti-market mentality, economic anthropology, capitalist impulse, marketplace
economies, K. Polanyi, markets

2024, Annual Review of Anthropology

Early in his engaging and thought-provoking perspectives article, Renato Rosaldo points to "learning el trato, how to treat other guys and girls," as central to his adolescent-and subsequent-friendships. The term can more broadly mean an agreement or treaty, but in Rosaldo's account it really captures a kind of social contract, enacted interactionally, rarely overtly discussed but learned through attentive participation in social life. One group's trato may, further, be quite different from the interactional practices of another. Rosaldo illustrates this variation through contrasting the Anglo style of leaving a party (slipping away quietly) with that characteristic of Mexican American partygoers in his youth (saying farewell to each individual person), unspoken but socially resonant practices. Rosaldo foregrounds his developing understanding of el trato as an example of how he did "fieldwork without knowing it" from early on, tellingly from "the time [he] began to speak." In his article, language, culture, history, and a core sense of identity are deeply entangled-and required his always active attention and reflection, in short his ongoing engagement as an ethnographer. His remarkable skills and insights as an anthropologist were built, he suggests, on the quotidian manner in which he learned his way into social life and into his own identity as Mexican American. Rosaldo's perspectives article illuminates the interplay of language with his growing sense of self and identity and points to a broader social semiotic, one in which form and style play key roles. His commitment to taking linguistic form seriously is evident in the poems and prose poems he has published in recent years, works that at the same time afford him greater freedom of expression and demand "the standards of accuracy and accountability that ethnography demanded of the social world depicted in the poems." Rosaldo's article both charts his personal, ethnographically illuminated Bildungsroman and explores the transformation of social anthropology across his career. He foregrounds especially the necessary and generative engagement of anthropological work with historical and literary analyses, the ongoing negotiation of and struggle over cultural citizenship, and the value of experimenting with styles of ethnographic representation. Many of the reviews in this volume, ranging from the political economy of attention to linguistic anthropological explorations of conversational analysis, touch and interaction, and pidgins and creoles, resonate strongly with themes running through Rosaldo's reflections. Semiotic analysis figures centrally in several articles, including those on Peirce and archaeology, language and the military, and postcolonial semiotics. Questions of style and sensory practice are focal in such reviews as "Music, Language, and Aurality," while those of ethnographic relevance feature in historical representations of primates.

2024, European Journal of Political Theory

This article reinterprets Schumpeter's theory of entrepreneurship in a decidedly un-"Schumpeterian" way, and argues that continued emphasis on Schumpeter's alleged glorification of the entrepreneur constitutes a missed opportunity for democratic critics of capitalism and neoliberalism. I demonstrate that Schumpeter did not exalt the individual entrepreneur as the paradigm for economic and political leadership in capitalist societies, and I show that he offers a surprisingly robust resource for reconceptualizing entrepreneurship. Schumpeter theorized entrepreneurship: (1) as a phenomenon that could not be exemplified by either individual persons or strictly private entities; (2) as a conceptual mechanism for analyzing change in the history of capitalism; and (3) even as evidence that political and economic leadership should not be conflated in modern democratic societies. By contextualizing Schumpeter's discussions of the entrepreneur, I suggest that a reconsideration of Schumpeter's actual theory of entrepreneurship would invigorate contemporary debates about the role of leadership in capitalist economies and liberal-democratic polities.