Sociology of Crime and Deviance Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Ügyészek Lapja

In the study The Burden of the Mule I, I presented the results of my criminological study entitled The Hungarian Characteristics of Drug Counterfeiting. By analyzing the demand side of the prosperity of the illegal drug market, I touched upon the phenomenon and causes of self-medication widespread among the population, and through domestic cases of drug counterfeiting that became known to the authorities, I examined the characteristics of the objects of commission, including the frequency of occurrence of certain groups of drugs with different legal classifications, and the difficulties of legal classification of the committed acts based on expert opinions. The study concluded that criminal law is one of the many socio-political tools in the suppression of drug counterfeiting, and coordinated activities of several fields can only lead to results. In this study, I continue to present the results of the study. Through the profiles of the perpetrators and the specificities of the committing behaviors, I try to present the Hungarian characteristics of the illegal demand drug market.

2025

This paper offers an analysis of the punitive experience of the individual who, having breached the social order, is subjected to daṇḍa within Indian society. In this investigation, punishment emerges not as a simple act of retribution, but as a profound encounter with the collective conscience—a moment when the transgressor is stripped of his anonymity and forced into the realm of judgment. From both a sociological and criminological standpoint, the study examines how the ritual of punishment functions as a social mechanism for maintaining collective norms and reestablishing social equilibrium. At its core, it's a confrontation that exposes the fragility of human freedom. Rather than reducing punishment to a mere administrative imposition, this inquiry portrays daṇḍa as an existential interruption, a severe yet necessary rite through which the criminal is invited to reassess his own being and his relation to the community he has unsettled. In this light, punishment becomes a space of reflection and potential renewal—a dangerous but inescapable call to reenter the realm of shared responsibility, echoing the urgent need to preserve the integrity of the public world. It considers daṇḍa not merely as a legal or administrative response to transgression but as a culturally entrenched process that exposes the offender to a dual experience of stigmatization and potential reintegration. The encounter with punishment is portrayed as a moment of sociological disruption—where an individual's routine identity is publicly interrogated and redefined—and as a criminological event that both deters deviance and facilitates a critical reassessment of personal conduct through the imposition of moral and legal sanctions. In this framework, daṇḍa is analyzed as a multifaceted social institution that mediates between the imperatives of public order and the possibilities for individual transformation, illuminating the intricate interplay between social control, labeling, and the reintegration of the transgressor into the community.

2025

The article analyses the extent to which organized crime groups that migrate to new territories develop into fluid networks of relations or into hierarchical organizational structures. The data come from an extensive police investigation into an attempt by a Russian mafia group to open a branch in Rome in the mid-nineties, and include a complete set of phone intercepts over nine months. Using quantitative content analysis, multiple correspondence analysis (homals) and actor-oriented models of network evolution, the paper reconstructs the motivation for migration and links it to the resulting organizational structure. When a key motivation for the migration is to monitor investments in the legal economy, the group is likely to be hierarchically structured yet poorly integrated. The paper contributes to broader debates on globalization and organized crime by discussing agency dilemma, trust and the role of women.

2025, Oxford Handbooks Online

This essay explores the extent to which six established Mafia groups (The Sicilian Mafia, the `Ndrangheta, the Italian American Mafia, the Hong Kong Triads, the Russian Mafia, and the Yakuza) are criminal organizations specializing in the supply of protection. It presents evidence relating to the nature of Mafia protection, specialization of protectors, and the origins of these six Mafias. It also discusses whether Mafias are instead engaged in extorting their victims and presents evidence of the negative effects of Mafia protection on the economy. The essay concludes that Mafia protection is a genuine commodity in many instances; that protectors tend to specialize; that when major economic transformations are not governed by local and national authorities, they give rise to a demand for protection; and that under certain conditions protectors can turn into purely predatory agents. Mafia protection, even when genuine, is provided without any consideration for fairness, justice, and rights.

2025, DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)

Društveni identitet i pravni subjektivitetkolektiviteti kao subjekti prava? * Apstrakt: Ovaj rad nastoji da pokaže da pravnoteorijsku obradu pitanja koje se ti e promovisanja izvesnih kolektivnih entiteta u status titulara prava nije mogu e na zadovoljavaju i na in izvršiti unutar metodoloških obrazaca bilo Hartove analiti ke jurisprudencije, bilo Kelzenove iste teorije prava. Pokazuje se da je pitanje konceptualizacije kolektivnih prava u dobroj meri pitanje opravdavanja, a ne pukog analiziranja ili opisivanja. U tom smislu, ovaj rad je fokusiran na rasvetljavanje razli itih aspekata problema pravnog oblikovanja društvenog identiteta relevantnih kolektiviteta u svrhu konstrukcije pravnog subjektiviteta. U prvom delu se u kratkim crtama pokazuje da je pitanje pravnog subjektiviteta generalni problem sa kojim se suo ava pravna teorija i da, otuda, nema ni eg specifi no novog u vezi sa kolektivitetima kao potencijalnim titularima prava. Drugi deo rada posve en je podrobnijem razmatranju društvene i pravne "konstrukcije razli itosti", na kojem je zasnovan koncept kolektivnih prava. Krajnji zaklju ak je da pravna teorija kolektivnih prava ove zadatke teško može obaviti bez oslona na metodološki aparat kako sociološke, tako i antropoloških disciplina. Klu jne re i: kolektivni entiteti kao subjekti prava, pravno oblikovanje društvenog identiteta, društvena i pravna konstrukcija razli itosti Uvod U savremenoj pravnoj teoriji, pogotovo onoj anglo-ameri koj, dominantni su zastupnici analiti ke jurisprudencije, koji najve ma slede osnovne postavke u enja Herberta Harta. Uz sve ono što ih me usobno razlikuje 1 , pobornici ove teorije su složni u uverenju da pravna teorija treba da ostane moralno neutralna i da se uzdrži od opravdavanja koncepata koje prou ava (Hart 1994, 240). * Ovaj rad je ura en u okviru istra ivanja na projektu Razvoj pravnog sistema Srbije i harmonizacija sa pravom Evropske Unije -Pravni, ekonomski, politiki i sociološki aspekt. 1 Jedno od važnih pitanja na kojem se lome koplja ti e se pitanja da li vrednosni sudovi imaju ikakvu ulogu u analiti koj jurisprudenciji. Vidi: Dickson (2004).

2025

This report discusses the Congressional Review Act disapproval resolution (H.J.Res. 40) intended to overturn a final rule promulgated by the Social Security Administration (SSA) regarding implementation of firearms restrictions for... more

2025, International Journal of Advanced Research

2025, National Law University, Delhi

The present article delves into the theoretical considerations that underlie the current use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) within the Criminal Justice System. We argue that ADR can address the Social Causes of Crime while still honouring strong beliefs in individual accountability and societal standards by looking at it through the perspective of Restorative Justice, which draws on seminal works on Transitional Justice and Philosophical writings on Free Will and Responsibility. ADR processes fail to uphold fundamental public values and instead privatize conflicts. This article posits that ADR when approached from a Restorative perspective, has the potential to address these perceived difficulties. The first part of the article examines how ADR emerged in the Criminal Justice System and the Complaints that followed over its purported tendency to privatize Public disputes. Part II lays the groundwork for the discussion of Free Will and moral responsibility and defines the conceptual issues in light of Sociological evidence that points to Environmental factors as potential causes of Criminal behavior. In Part III, a path of Naïve moralism is mapped out by detailing the function that ADR mechanisms play. These processes restore trust in the operation of public standards by addressing not just victim-offender relationships but also offenders' moral character. Instead of letting environmental factors dictate Criminal behavior, ADR processes can trace his social history and Crimes to help him overcome his shortcomings by creating opportunities for Economic and Educational advancement and by establishing socially acceptable norms. The conclusion reached in Part IV is that ADR is more capable than conventional methods of securing real Justice.

2025

We explore the encapsulated history of Britain's occupation of Australia from 1770 to 1864, a history defined by a sequence of dispossessory land laws, aggressive territorial occupation, and racist Aboriginal legislation that gave us the politics of First Nation suffering: We identify the phases of discovery, occupation, and dispossession, examining and deconstructing a key event in each phase and its consequences. We examine Australia's formative history from the perspective of the landscape-Botany Bay, Sydney Cove, Murdering Creek-where the associated narratives became contextual referents for the intentional violence that led to the birth of a nation still adapting to change. We consider ways of seeing history through this borrowed landscape. We examine the impact of the occupation process on the Indigenous population, including our failing attempts at reconciliation. We discuss the broader implications of this historical occupation process, including ecocide and the ongoing struggle for Indigenous self-determination.

2025

The transdisciplinary nature of this study follows from the different areas of academic inquiry underpinning the research question. Outlined in Chapter One, the research question centres around travel information exchange among members of the Thorn Tree, a computer-mediated social network reliant on the Internet for exchanging text messages in an asynchronous manner. Network analysis provides both the base for a theoretical framework and the tools to investigate the structure of this network in order to ascertain what the nature and extent of information flow is.

2025, Policing and Violence in India

The is short commentary is on three papers on colonial policing in Part 1 of the book, Policing and Violence in India, edited by Deana Heathe and Jinee Lokaneeta. The section I comment on brings out the background against which we can see the administrative and legal apparatus through which policing was instituted in India in the different territories controlled during the early and late period of British colonialism. This is not to suggest that techniques of policing were not already instituted in India by the Mughal Empire (Islamoglu and Perdue 2020) and by other regional polities but what seems unique is the volume of documentation produced under the auspices of the East India Company and the British Raj. These documents provide the authors the opportunity to inquire into the continuities between colonial policing and the specter of police violence in post-independence India.

2025

A pesquisa se propoe a fazer uma analise sobre o chamado mercado do crime, instaurado pela privatizacao de presidios. Especificamente, tratando sobre a modalidade de privatizacao de Parceria Publico-Privada. Como referencial teorico nas obras estudadas, ampara-se na ciencia da criminologia critica para os apontamentos metodologicos e conclusivos. Como ponto de partida para o estudo, foram utilizadas algumas pesquisas realizadas e concluidas sobre o Complexo Penitenciario de Ribeirao das Neves, situado em Minas Gerais.

2025, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Ce que la fiction fait à la restitution du récit documentaire. Réflexion autour d'une expérience de retour de pièce sonore. 1 Ma pratique artistique consiste à enregistrer des personnes qui acceptent de me prêter leurs paroles, pour créer à partir de ces voix un récit second, que j'appelle documentaire sonore ou radiophonique. Je conçois le documentaire comme une production culturelle qui partage avec les sciences sociales des objets d'investigation, des gestes méthodologiques et des enjeux déontologiques. Dans mon travail de recherche, je tente de cerner la spécificité de ce qui se joue dans les situations d'enregistrement documentaires, de la production des matériaux du « texte » radiophonique au montage, et de comprendre quelles éthiques se définissent pour les auteur•ices 2 . Je souhaiterais aujourd'hui évoquer le moment de la restitution du documentaire aux enquêté•es. Par « restitution », j'entends le moment où les personnes qui ont été enregistrées prennent connaissance de l'oeuvre montée et peuvent faire des retours d'écoute à le•a documentariste. Dans l'article « Répondre de sa recherche. L'anthropologue face à ses "autres" » publié dans l'ouvrage collectif « politiques de l'enquête » en 2008, Didier Fassin écrit :

2025

This work examines corrupt practices among the police and the overall effects of corruption on how the outfit carries out its mandatory responsibility in the society. Particular concern was shown on the impact of corruption on maintenance of law and order; the factors responsible for corrupt practices among the Nigerian police personnel; and the extent of corruption with in the Nigerian police. Theoretical tool used to guide this work is Anomie theory (borrowed from the field of sociology). As a qualitative survey, the study population was limited to 65 respondents selected through three sampling methods. These include simple random sampling; snow -ball and purposive sampling methods. However, data from the survey revealed that corruption is affecting the efficiency of the police in many ways. A commonly mentioned effect of corruption on the performance of police is the ever increasing crime rate. Conclusively, the study shows that people have developed lukeward attitude towards reporting cases to the police as at when due, as a result of lack of faith in the police. On the basis of this, suggestions were made on how to make the society habitable for the generality in view of the fact that police cannot operate without the support of the civil populace and vice -versa .

2025

This work examines corrupt practices among the police and the overall effects of corruption on how the outfit carries out its mandatory responsibility in the society. Particular concern was shown on the impact of corruption on maintenance of law and order; the factors responsible for corrupt practices among the Nigerian police personnel; and the extent of corruption with in the Nigerian police. Theoretical tool used to guide this work is Anomie theory (borrowed from the field of sociology). As a qualitative survey, the study population was limited to 65 respondents selected through three sampling methods. These include simple random sampling; snow – ball and purposive sampling methods. However, data from the survey revealed that corruption is affecting the efficiency of the police in many ways. A commonly mentioned effect of corruption on the performance of police is the ever increasing crime rate. Conclusively, the study shows that people have developed lukeward attitude towards re...

2025, Las mujeres de Ningunaparte. Voces del Asilo de locas de Bogotá. 1930-1950

Las Mujeres de Ningunaparte. Voces del Asilo de locas de Bogotá 1930-1950, es una obra escrita desde distintos registros provenientes de los relatos médico-clínicos, administrativos y personales que la hacen original y atrevida para contarnos una historia no de la locura de la primera mitad del siglo XX en Bogotá sino de la vida cotidiana en la que se tejen las experiencias de los moradores del Asilo de locas en Bogotá. Como una narradora omnisciente su autora, Luz Alexandra Garzón Ospina articula una prosa sustentada con fuentes archivísticas que comunica en un
tono intimista el pulso emocional de las mujeres que irremediablemente llegaban al asilo. El libro mantiene un ritmo capaz de hilar los acontecimientos cotidianos que se tejen con las disposiciones institucionales, las políticas asistencialistas y los avances científicos en
una sociedad en la que la modernización se sustentaba en los discursos biologicistas y eugenésicos. La vida en Ninguna parte recorre las vicisitudes de la atención psiquiátrica asilar y las acciones de los galenos participantes de la avanzada moderna en la atención de la enfermedad mental otrora locura en la que se fue implementando sobre todo desde la vertiente organicista kraepeliana para atender las enfermedades psiquiátricas 7 tratamientos poco ortodoxos pensaríamos desde el presente: terapia de electrochoques, lobotomías, insulinoterapias para provocar un choque comatoso en las pacientes con esquizofrenia que las más de las veces eran una ilusión en la cura y dejaban daños temporales e incluso irreversibles. Cuando la locura moraba en Ninguna parte es una propuesta al estilo que reclama Morris Bergman cuando asegura que la historia del cuerpo y las emociones ha fracasado en contarnos desde descripciones externas y una asepsia académica que poco se atreve a
mostrarnos más allá de lo visible como promesa de lo real. “La historia se escribe con la mente sosteniendo la pluma. ¿Qué parecería, cómo sonaría al leerla, si fuese escrita con el cuerpo sujetando la pluma?” Tal y como sospecha Berman se logra una historia muy diferente como la que ahora podemos leer.

2025, Revista de Direito da Cidade

Este artigo explora diferentes abordagens da criminalidade urbana, a partir de uma problematização com base na contraposição entre a ambição de eliminação e a busca por compreensão, no campo teórico criminológico. O primeiro objetivo do artigo consiste em contrastar criminologias da eliminação, ou seja, correcionalistas, atuariais e da desordem social ou comunitária, cuja principal tarefa é orientar o controle social, com criminologias movidas por uma intenção de compreensão do desvio ou da transgressão, bem como do espaço urbano e das estratégias de controle, como fenômenos relevantes em si mesmos. Um segundo objetivo consiste em tensionar as diferentes razões pelas quais são adotadas essas perspectivas em diferentes criminologias. O artigo adota uma metodologia de revisão bibliográfica e crítica da literatura sobre as temáticas abordadas. Ao final do estudo, foi possível concluir que as criminologias comprometidas com o ideal de eliminação conformam estruturas simplificadoras da realidade, cujo sentido consiste em aparelhar, orientar e direcionar o controle social, sem que exista um compromisso com a apreciação do fenômeno retratado, com vistas e elucidar os seus múltiplos significados. Por essa razão, uma imaginação criminológica sensível exige repensar e confrontar os conceitos assentados sobre a criminalidade e o seu controle nas cidades contemporâneas. Palavras-chave: Criminologia; Correcionalismo; Naturalismo; Teoria da Escolha Racional; Teoria das Janelas Quebradas; Criminologia Cultural

2025

Pénzügyi szolgáltatás közvetítői hatósági képzés kötelező mindazoknak, akik pénzügyi közvetítővel -munkaviszonyban, -megbízási viszonyban, vagy -a munka végzésére irányuló egyéb jogviszonyban állnak, de nem rendelkeznek -szakmai felsőfokú iskolai végzettséggel, -vagy középfokú végzettséggel és szakképesített bankreferensi szakképesítéssel, -banki, befektetési termékértékesítői szakképesítéssel, -befektetési tanácsadói szakképesítéssel, -a Magyar Bankszövetség Felsőfokú Bankszakmai oklevelével Az a személy, aki a felsorolt végzettségek egyikével sem rendelkezik, csak abban az esetben jogosult pénzügyi közvetítői munkakör betöltésére, ha rendelkezik a 18/2010. (IV.29) PM rendelet a pénzügyi szolgáltatás közvetítői hatósági képzés követelményrendszeréről és a hatósági vizsgáról meghatározott, a Pénzügyi Szervezetek Állami Felügyelete által kiadott közvetítői hatósági vizsga letételét igazoló tanúsítvánnyal. A pénzügyi szolgáltatás közvetítői hatósági képzés követelményrendszeréről és a hatósági vizsgáról szóló 18/2010 (IV.29.) PM rendelet 1. számú melléklete tartalmazza a hatósági vizsga követelményrendszerét. A Felügyelet a vizsgán számon kérhető kérdéseket és az azokra adható válasz lehetőségeket honlapján megjeleníti. Felhívjuk a tisztelt a vizsgára jelentkezők figyelmét, hogy a Felügyelet a vizsgakérdéseket jogszabályváltozást követően 30 napon belül, egyéb esetekben évente egyszer felülvizsgálja, és a módosított kérdéseket a Felügyelet a honlapján közzé teszi. A közzétett vizsgakérdések a 15 nappal később szervezendő hatósági vizsgán számon kérhetőek. A pénzügyi szolgáltatás közvetítői hatósági képzés tantárgyai: 1. A pénzügyi piacok, 2. Általános jogi ismeretek, 3. Lakossági megtakarítási és befektetési termékek, 4. Hitelezési alapfogalmak, 5. Hiteltípusok és hiteltermékek, 6. A mikro-, kis-és középvállalati üzletág főbb termékei és szolgáltatásai. A vizsgához sok sikert és szerencsét kívánnak a segédlet szerkesztői és a Sztáv Felnőttképző ZRt. munkavállalói. SZTÁV Felnőttképző zártkörűen működő Részvénytársaság 1149 Budapest, Angol u. 36

2025

We will examine the evolution of Australia's rules-based order, the sequence of land laws that tightened its control over Aboriginal land, and the orders and proclamations on the lives of Aboriginal people that moved them from custodians... more

2025

Les agents de « médiation » en action (article proposé pour les actes du colloque Médiation et politique, dir. J. Faget) La présent texte part d'un constat simple : des activités labellisées « médiation sociale » se sont multipliées ces dernières années. Plus précisément, des agents dits de médiation sociale, employés par des bailleurs, des transporteurs, des municipalités ou des associations ont connu une croissance considérable, notamment dans le cadre du programme « Nouveaux services nouveaux emplois », initié par le ministère de l'emploi et de la solidarité en 1997. Cet article, appuyé sur une recherche portant sur ces agents, dont l'appellation administrative était « agents locaux de médiation sociale » (Faget, , tente de préciser les raisons de cette montée en puissance, mais surtout met en évidence les difficultés, barrières et incertitudes, dans l'exercice de cette activité de médiation. Commençons cependant par rappeler brièvement le cadre dans lequel se sont développés ces emplois. Dans cette perspective, deux étapes fondamentales doivent être distinguées : une étape d'expérimentation et une étape de généralisation . La première phase est caractérisée par un essaimage d'initiatives locales. Dans le domaine des transports publics, les responsables de l'entreprise VIA GTI, dans la banlieue lilloise, décident de recruter des jeunes chargés de rétablir le lien social, afin d'abaisser le niveau des tensions jugé inquiétant sur certaines lignes. Elle sera suivie quelques années plus tard par la RATP, qui généralisera le concept de « Grand frère ». Parallèlement, dans les espaces urbains enclavés, et plus précisément à Chanteloup-les-Vignes, se créent des modes originaux de gestion des conflits sociaux. En 1991, alors que la ville connaît des troubles, à l'instar de plusieurs communes de la banlieue parisienne, la mobilisation de « grands » jeunes de la cité pour apaiser les tensions sera à l'origine du lancement d'une entreprise d'insertion (sous la forme d'une association appelée « Les Messagers »). Aux Ulis, dans l'Essonne, une expérience de médiation est mise en place à partir de 1991, sur l'initiative du Parquet et de la Ville, dans un contexte de tension forte entre jeunes et institutions. Cette expérience, développée au sein du conseil communal de prévention de la délinquance (CCPD) de la ville, est inspirée des boutiques du droit de Lyon, porte à la fois des

2025, Revista Criminalidad

The Tren de Aragua, a transnational criminal organisation originating in Venezuela, exemplifies the concept of multi-crime by diversifying its illicit activities, such as drug trafficking, human trafficking and illegal mining, adapting to diverse contexts in Latin America. This study analyses the narratives on transnational multi-crime on TikTok, taking the Tren de Aragua as a case study. Through web scraping techniques, discursive patterns are identified that reflect its operational structure and its perceived impact on the digital imaginary. The analysis is based on the framework of the Department against Transnational Organised Crime (DDOT) of the Organisation of American States (OAS), addressing dimensions such as money laundering, corruption and cybercrime. The hypothesis suggests that these narratives demonstrate the group's ability to exploit institutional and socioeconomic vulnerabilities, amplifying its symbolic influence on digital platforms. The results allow us to identify patterns in their operations, proposing an interpretative model for understanding multi-crime in the region. In addition, analytical tools are sought to design effective public policies against organised crime. This approach highlights how digital narratives shape the perception of multi-crime in the contemporary public space.

2025

La réalisation d' une thèse de doctorat est inévitablement parsemée d 'embûches, de joies, de peines et de fiertés. Je tiens à sincèrement remercier ceux qui m 'ont permi s d'achever cette importante partie de ma vie. D'abord, à madame Suzanne Léveillée, directrice de thèse, toute ma reconnaissance pour votre soutien, votre disponibilité, votre ouverture et votre grande confiance qui, tant sur le plan de la recherche que de la clinique, m' ont permis de grandement me préparer à ma carrière professionnelle. À monsIeur Normand Brodeur, monsIeur Carl Lacharité et madame Julie Lefebvre pour vos commentaires constructifs et pour avoir accepté si généreusement de participer à la correction de ce travail. À madame Lyne Thomassin et monsieur Michel St-Yves, sans qui je n' aurai s jamais pu aller au bout de mon intérêt pour le domaine policier. À mes parents, Raymond et Lauraine ainsi qu 'à mon frère Sébastien pour votre amour inconditionnel et vos judicieux conseils. À mes amis, pour vos nombreuses distractions. Enfin , à Véronique pour ton amour, ton écoute, ta présence et ta compréhension jusqu 'à la toute fin de ce projet. À vous tous, simplement merci. IV

2025, rth |

Este artigo consiste em um breve exame do diálogo estabelecido entre Micro-História e Antropologia. O seu objetivo é avaliar a influência da antropologia econômica e da antropologia social sobre dois dos principais expoentes da chamada micro-história italiana: Edoardo Grendi e Giovanni Levi. Para tanto, o estudo se divide em três partes: na primeira, percorremos o caminho que liga os pressupostos da antropologia econômica de Witold Kula e Karl Polanyi aos interesses da micro-história social; na segunda, examinamos a influência exercida pela antropologia social para a construção da proposta da microanálise em Grendi; por último, em vista do caráter fundamentalmente empírico e experimental da micro-história, buscaremos delinear a forma como se deu a apropriação de abordagens e conceitos antropológicos em pesquisas concretas de Grendi e Levi, publicadas entre 1977 e 1985.

2025

This chapter examines the pattern of conflict-generation and peace-building in Castile during the early modern era. It includes a qualitative casuistic analysis of pardon appeals submitted to the king as a strategy to avoid harsh judicial sentences. The evidence allows us to reconstruct representative patterns for the Crown of Castile concerning the agents who operated in the judicial system and legal arenas, the resolution of penal conflicts, and the building of public peace. We also examine the meaning of royal grace as a superior power capable of resolving disputes, fixing judicial mistakes, and dispensing equitable decisions over a wide range of conflict scenarios. As such, this chapter presents a novel perspective on royal justice that emphasises the participative nature of justice and challenges the traditional viewpoints that have characterised Castilian justice during the modern era as a weak, corrupt, and repressive system.

2025, Pointers: Christian Research Association

A summary of findings on Christian Nationalism from recent reports by the Public Religion Research Institution in 2024 and 2025. The research is based on extensive polling, exploring the influence which Christian Nationalism has within... more

2025

Vivim en un mon de constants avaluacions. Se’ns parla de capacitats, d’aptituds i competencies. Des de la infantesa fins als ultims anys de vida la societat ens sotmet a un constant proces d’avaluacio. Aquesta realitat ens porta a parlar d’efectivitat. Segons el Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, el terme efectiu designa quelcom «que produeix l’efecte que hom n’espera». Aquesta definicio inclou una complicada aplicacio. Que considerem efectiu? es efectiu tot el que hom espera que ho sigui? Aquest treball girara entorn d’aquest vocable i un dels sectors mes rellevants de la criminologia: La policia. La poblacio confia en l’efectivitat de la policia i espera que redueixi el volum de delictes per tal que els ciutadans puguin sentir-se segurs, pero totes les practiques policials son veritablement efectives? Tenint en compte que l’any 2013 la Ley de Presupuestos assignava al sector de la seguretat publica una dotacio de 5.968,07 milions d’euros i que la despesa mitjana en els cossos i fo...

2025, Crítica Penal y Poder

At the end of the 19th century, in the face of preconceived ideas about the existence of a natural reality, there is a decisive change in the biological condition of women. The dissociation between sexuality and reproduction is the starting point against a system of assumptions that have associated both concepts in an unquestionable way. When we say "biological change of women", what do we mean? Not to a biological mutation, obviously, but to a change in what men and women have of biographical: from the social, historical, strictly personal point of view. From the social model impregnated by Catholic doctrine the idea emerged that considered women beings prone to be led by lust and crime, beings who with their bad arts, as descendants of Eve, could drag man towards sinful behavior, toward new forms of original sin. These ideas would even lead to the nineteenth century saw emerge new theories about crime that would consider the woman a being whose evolution was less than th...

2025

Bottles of coloured sand are a well-known form of tourist art in Australia. This paper documents the little-known role of Badtjala (Indigenous) artists in developing styles that became popular in the 20th Century.

2025

The paper focuses on the 2013-2024 crime trends in Ukraine subjected to changes and challenges due to the 2022 Moscovian military invasion of Ukraine. The article demonstrates that the number of crimes committed in Ukraine in 2022, 2023 and 2024 exceeded the number of crimes committed in 2021. The author concludes that continuous attacks on Ukrainian cities by Russian drones and missiles and destruction of the infrastructure left many people without their homes, incomes, hopes and perspectives. Therefore, the number of crimes increased significantly in 2023-2024 considering the ruination of all aspects of economic and social life in Ukraine. All these factors, including further mass migration of people from the frontline areas, increased crimes rates significantly. In addition, the crime landscape took new forms and characteristics having received the injection of purely wartime crimes (crimes against military service, war crimes and crimes against national security). For example, in 2022, law enforcement agencies registered five times more crimes against national security as compared to the whole period of 2013-2021. The author found that the Moscovian military invasion had brought an increase in numbers of crimes in the sphere of protection of state secrets, inviolability of state borders, provision of conscription and mobilization. Additionally, crime rates resulting from illegal use of firearms rose after February 2022. The War also increased the number of crimes committed with the use of explosives. These crimes have indicated a dualistic trend: 1) the number of crimes increased; 2) the number of criminal proceedings with suspects decreased. The author argues that all material and human resources of Ukraine have been directed to the needs of the defence of the state from the Moscovian military aggression, including the police. Therefore, the quality of investigation of crimes and the preventive effect of criminal punishment decreased proportionally. The War made criminality more rural and 'cut' the numbers of detected crimes against human life and health. The author argues that police statistics on torture occupy a very controversial place in the analysis of the general structure of crime in Ukraine. The number of officially registered crimes of torture determines many questions concerning the latent nature of this type of crime as well as the effectiveness of investigation of torture by state agents which become known to the society. At the same time, sex crimes decreased significantly in 2022, as could be expected from the wartime society. The article is also focused on the trends of domestic violence which became an interesting phenomenon of the crime landscape in wartime Ukraine. In the light of the absence of both victims and perpetrators due to mass migration of potential victims and participation of many potential perpetrators in military actions, crime rates go up. No less interesting picture one can find in the case of drug-related crimes. Even in the light of further escalation of military actions, the state continues focusing even on minor drug crimes, what raises the question of the effectiveness and efficiency of crime prevention during the War. While considering property crimes in wartime Ukraine, the first hypothesis appears that the absence of properly organised policing would lead to a serious increase of the number of property crimes. However, the number of property crimes decreased significantly. In contrast, the crime of fraud demonstrates absolutely another trend. Additionally, economic offences and 'white-collar' crimes also demonstrate how crime has adapted to wartime conditions.

2025, Reflexión Política

Esta investigación analiza cuál fue el impacto de la aprobación de la Ley Orgánica de Erradicación de Violencia de Género sobre la tasa de femicidios a nivel subnacional en Ecuador. Para ello, se emplea un análisis cuantitativo de regresión con datos de panel que evidencia que la problemática de la violencia de género reaccionó a los cambios institucionales formales y revirtió la tendencia en el aumento de los femicidios, pese al incremento de la criminalidad en
el país. Sin embargo, se encuentra que a nivel subnacional existen variaciones en la implementación y el cumplimiento de la Ley. Más allá de los cambios institucionales normativos generados desde el Nuevo Institucionalismo Feminista, los femicidios se explican desde un comportamiento cultural arraigado y condiciones estructurales de la sociedad más
profundas como la pobreza por necesidades básicas insatisfechas.

2025, Dinâmicas do Crime e da Violência no Brasil - Região Norte

As publicações do Ipea estão disponíveis para download gratuito nos formatos PDF (todas) e EPUB (livros e periódicos). Acesse: http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/publicacoes As opiniões emitidas nesta publicação são de exclusiva e inteira responsabilidade dos autores, não exprimindo, necessariamente, o ponto de vista do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ou do Ministério do Planejamento e Orçamento. É permitida a reprodução deste texto e dos dados nele contidos, desde que citada a fonte. Reproduções para fins comerciais são proibidas.

2025

directed the Center for Labor Studies. He has published several books and numerous articles on national, state, and urban politics in the United States, and his current research focuses on labor-related issues. ERICH STEINMAN is a doctoral student in sociology at the University of Wash-ington. His master’s thesis examined variation in the male-female wage gap across occupations, and his dissertation addresses relationships between U.S. states and Native American tribal gov-ernments in the contemporary federal policy era. Funding was provided by a grant from the

2025, SIAK-Journal − Zeitschrift für Polizeiwissenschaft und polizeiliche Praxis

Uniformierte Polizei ist ein alltäglicher und gesellschaftlich geforderter Anblick im öffentlichen Raum. Dies betrifft weniger den kriminalpolizeilichen Bereich, der traditionell von außen nicht immer erkennbar ist, sondern vor allem die uniformierten Bereiche der Polizei. Auch hier ist die Uniformierung kein Selbstzweck, sondern die damit verbundene Erkennbarkeit dient verschiedenen Funktionen, vor allem aber der Gefahren
abwehr. Erst die Erkennbarkeit der Polizei für Bürgerinnen und Bürger ermöglicht es, sich in Gefahrensituationen direkt an die Polizei zu wenden oder Straftaten oder Auffälligkeiten direkt zu melden. Gleichzeitig symbolisiert die Sichtbarkeit der Polizei – sei es durch Polizistinnen und Polizisten oder durch Polizeiwachen – für die Menschen, dass
der Rechtsstaat sein Gewaltmonopol im öffentlichen Raum wahrnimmt. Sichtbar wird dies für die Menschen auch durch Formen der präsenten Normenkontrolle, etwa wenn die Polizei Verkehrskontrollen durchführt oder einfach Streife fährt. Im bes ten Fall soll die zufällige Sichtbarkeit in konkreten Situationen Täterinnen und Täter von möglichen Straftaten abhalten, das Sicherheitsgefühl der Menschen erhöhen und Formen der
gefühlten Rechtlosigkeit entgegenwirken. Damit kommt der Sichtbarkeit bereits eine wesentliche präventive Funktion im Sinne der General prävention zu. Bereits seit einigen Jahren ist zu beobachten, dass die Menschen einen immer größeren Teil ihrer Lebenszeit in den digitalen Raum verlagern. Zum Teil kann auch davon gesprochen werden, dass insbesondere junge Menschen zumindest teilweise im digitalen Raum sozialisiert
werden. Allerdings ist die Polizei in Deutschland in diesem Raum nicht in gleicher Weise präsent wie im physischen Raum. Gleichzeitig sind die Funktion und Wirkung, insbesondere auch im Hinblick auf kriminalpräventive Effekte, der digitalen Präsenz der Polizei in diesem Kontext bislang weitgehend unerforscht. Im folgenden Beitrag soll daher der Frage nachgegangen werden, wie die Polizei als Institution im deutschsprachigen digitalen Raum Präsenz zeigt, welche kriminologischen und kriminalpräventiven Auswirkungen dies haben kann und welche kriminalpolitischen Schlussfolgerungen daraus gezogen werden können.

2025

This paper is on the Great Calcutta killings during the tumultuous period of the partition of India.

2025, NG Journal of Social Development

NG Journal of Social Development The paper examines "effects of economy mismanagement on the socioeconomic development of Nigeria". Qualitative approach was adopted and secondary sources of data were the major sources of data adopted. The generated data were analyzed and thematically presented using content analysis. As a guide to the study, the paper adopted modernization theory as her theoretical framework The study revealed that Nigeria is blessed with the abundance of human and material resources and that after 63 years of independence, the productive base of the Nigerian economy still remains weak due to intense concentration on primary production activities which includes agriculture, mining and quarrying etc. Even the crude oil which is deposited in Nigeria is extracted and sold as a primary product; our stones are mined and sold as a primary product. On the contrary, secondary activities which include manufacturing, building and construction, which primarily have greater potential for broadening the productive base of the economy and generating sustainable foreign exchange earnings and revenues are neglected. Also, it was discovered that some of the effects of economy mismanagement include: high rate of unemployment and poor human capital development. This situation was occasioned by the mismanagement of the resources by public office holders in order to make a personal gain of the common resources of the people. Owing to this, the paper recommended that the institutions of government must be strengthened in order to permit them carry out their responsibilities without the undue influence of the chief executive. Above all, the electoral process must be transparent enough to produce credible and widely accepted leaders.

2025, Societies

Research shows that immigration is often associated with less crime. Yet, what remains unclear is why this is the case. The primary explanation for why immigration reduces crime, according to scholars, is the immigration revitalization thesis. This perspective argues that immigration revitalizes communities by promoting local business growth, bolstering social ties, and enhancing conventional institutions (e.g., churches, voluntary organizations), which then reduce crime. These ideas, however, have never been tested. Using longitudinal data from 139 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) between 2000 and 2019, we examine whether the relationship between immigration and violent crime is mediated by changes in the percentage of households headed by married couples, number of ethnic businesses, and/or number of immigrant/ethnic-oriented organizations. The results from the generalized structural equation models (GSEM) and mediation tests offer some support for the immigration revitalization perspective.

2025, Paz: visiones, estrategias, luchas

En horas del mediodía del jueves 17 de octubre de 2019, una comisión de la Policía mexicana rodeó la casa donde se encontraba escondido Ovidio Guzmán, uno de los hijos del famoso narcotraficante Chapo Guzmán, en la ciudad de Culiacán, al... more

2025, Policy Exchange

The British Government is being urged to adopt a highly-contested definition of Islamophobia, building on the campaign around the definition developed in 2018 by the All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on British Muslims. This short... more

2025, NOUN Journal of Criminology and Security Studies

Nigeria's security challenges have remained a significant clog bedevilling her wheels of socioeconomic development and progress. The trend of criminal activities such as insurgency, kidnapping, armed banditry, ritual killing, armed robbery, herder-farmer conflict, etc has continued to raise serious concerns to both local and international scholars. This disturbing situation of Nigeria's insecurity puts obvious dents on the integrity of her law enforcement and intelligence-gathering strategies. Therefore, this study seeks to evaluate citizens' perception of the impediments to National security and development in Nigeria with specific reference to law enforcement and intelligence-gathering strategies. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study, where a representative sample of 385respondents living in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja were drawn from a total study population of 3,564,126 (NPC 2016 population projection) at a 5% margin of error and 95% confidence level. The social exchange theory of George Homans was utilized to underpin the crux of the study. Whereas, a well-structured self-administered questionnaire served as the major instrument of data collection for the study, the simple random sampling technique was employed in administering the research instrument, where every adult member of the population has an equal opportunity of being selected for the study. Findings from the study revealed an endemic trust deficit between the citizens and the law enforcement agents because of factors such as law enforcement corruption, deceit, brutality, and other numerous professional misconduct of the law enforcement agents. Additionally, the trust deficit of citizens on the law enforcement agents constitutes a major impediment to law enforcement and intelligence gathering in Nigeria. Besides, findings further revealed corrupt practices of law enforcement agents as survival techniques given their appalling socioeconomic welfare. Sequel to these findings, the study recommends that; Government through its relevant agencies and parastatals like the Police Service Commission (PSC), should revitalize its mandate in restoring dignity, values and standard operational procedures in the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) and other law enforcement agencies. Besides, the recruitment processes of able and qualified personnel into the law enforcement agencies must be credible and transparent, while those in active service should be given regular reorientations. In addition, regular training and retraining of law enforcement agents particularly on public relations and crime management should be highly encouraged. Finally, the National Orientation Agency (NOA) of Nigeria should consciously pursue public orientation programmes that will redefine the perception of the public about Nigeria's law enforcement agencies from one of corruption and brutality to a new brand of people's protection and national security.

2025, Zien Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

The article emphasizes that deviant behavior is a set of social forms of behavior in the life of individuals who make up society, which are characterized by their own characteristics and are not alien to the social sphere. It is argued that the nature, essence and, most importantly, the cause of behavior is the subject of interesting social and psychological research. It is noted that the main source of deviantism is the search for a social system with a wide social spectrum. In terms of updating social systems, their influence on the psyche and awareness of people is increasing. It is very difficult to find an initial deviation in a person. At first glance, this is almost not observed. However, preventing complications and inflammation is very difficult. The difficulty is connected with the fact that the person does not feel guilty and considers it normal, but in fact the situation is very difficult and frightening. pull you down the road.

2025

Ecuador en los últimos años ha registrado un significativo incremento de diversos delitos, principalmente homicidios y robos. El gobierno y la ciudadanía deben obtener, de forma permanente y oportuna, datos e información significativa de los delitos consumados; que favorezcan a la toma de decisiones, en la definición de políticas y estrategias ajustadas al entorno local, para la disminución de los niveles de la delincuencia, que afecta a la sociedad y a su desarrollo. Este articulo propone hacer un reconocimiento de la realidad de los datos abiertos en el Ecuador sobre delincuencia, y del proceso de minería de datos, utilizando Pentaho y Orange. Se siguió el proceso de Descubrimiento de Conocimiento en Bases de Datos (KDD), para desarrollar el proceso de análisis de datos criminales y la correspondiente identificación de patrones relacionados con los delitos. Este estudio permitió identificar la existencia de un conjunto de documentos que dan sustento legal a la aplicación de datos abiertos en la Administración pública; sin embargo, se identificaron limitadas fuentes oficiales de datos abiertos relacionadas con delitos. Se extrajo y se tomó datos del Ministerio de Gobierno, validando, a través de herramientas de minería de datos, la potencial utilidad para la exploración y detección de patrones delictivos y su consecuente beneficio en el poder de decisión de organismos competentes. Palabras clave: Análisis de datos, software de ordenador, delincuencia, reconocimiento de patrones.

2025, BANCOS & BANCAS: A REGULAÇÃO BANCÁRIA DO JOGO DO BICHO

Este artigo caracteriza os principais mecanismos que
regulam a op eração, as i nter-relações e a s dinâmicas de
algumas d as entidades envolvidas com o j ogo do b icho,
destacando a gover nança por trás da sustentação do
sistema operacional estabelecido. Ainda que esses
mecanismos sejam definidos de modo não codif icado,
traça-se um paralelo com a regulação tipicamente
observada p or i nstituições f inanceiras, pois c ompreendem
instâncias altamente institucionalizadas perante
seus atores. Sob o código da conf iança, operadores do
bicho criaram espaços com um caráter autorregulatório
entre seus banqueiros. Mais especificamente, argumentamos
que os mecanismos de regulação do jogo são utilizados
para garantir a solvência dos banqueiros e a
continuidade do jogo. Fundamentado a partir de construções
etnográficas, históricas e jornalísticas, se busca
aqui estabelecer uma análise de parâmetros políticos e
socioeconômicos que permitem uma análise referente
aos princípios que regem as questões administrativas
internas da loteria.

2025

El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID o el Banco) ha participado desde hace casi dos decadas en proyectos de seguridad ciudadana. Desde 1999, se ha destacado en documentos estrategicos del Banco la importancia de la seguridad ciudadana para el desarrollo continuado de la region. En los ultimos 15 anos el Banco ha aprobado 17 prestamos de seguridad ciudadana por valor de US$481 millones, actuando dentro de un marco claramente definido que prohibe que el financiamiento del Banco se destine a actividades relacionadas con el trafico de armas y estupefacientes. En vista de la creciente focalizacion del Banco en la seguridad ciudadana, la Oficina de Evaluacion y Supervision (OVE) ha llevado a cabo una evaluacion en dos partes de la accion del BID en este ambito. La primera parte de la evaluacion, que concluyo en 2013, era un detallado analisis comparativo de cinco proyectos de seguridad ciudadana concebido para facilitar la comprension de los elementos de diseno y supervision conduce...

2025, Ottawa Law Review

This arTicle presenTs and analyzes
findings from a qualitative and quanti-
tative review of reported Nova Scotia
sentencing decisions (2013–2020) of
aging individuals. The goal is twofold.
First, by investigating the judicial
discourse around personal characteris-
tics at sentencing aging individuals, we
specifically seek to understand where
aging, and characteristics that interplay
with aging, fit into current sentencing
practices and the potential benefits and
challenges of considering these factors.
Secondly, and more generally, through
the case study of older offenders, this
article seeks to contribute to the largely
theoretical scholarship that has engaged
with the need for a methodical inclusion
of a broader range of personal character-
istics and experiences in sentencing.
The review highlights a number of
things. First, it shows that implementing
a “characteristics and experience
sensitive sentencing” (CESS) frame-
work is possible because it is already
occasionally used. Second, it shows that
ignoring characteristics and experiences
of offenders is not feasible; even if it was
desirable to do so, these cannot always
be ignored and they currently make
their way into sentencing decisions in
inconsistent ways, based on very differ-
ent approaches, which, in turn, result
in very different outcomes. Adopting a
coherent approach to the use of per-
sonal characteristics and experiences
is now a matter of bringing consistency in sentencing and a matter of promo-
ting substantive over formal equality.
Third, the study shows that sentencing
decisions are filled with misconceptions
about imprisonment and its impact on
those sentenced. Some of the beliefs
relied upon are not evidence-based, and
yet they sometimes ground the senten-
cing decisions rendered. Implementing a
CESS framework would require directly
confronting and addressing these mis-
conceptions. Fourth, the study highlights
both some of the barriers to the imple-
mentation of a CESS framework and
some possible solutions that would help
overcome these barriers.

2025

mo®e razumjeti tog "vra®jeg kapelana" i upravo stoga i do odgovornosti koju nosi popratna moguaenost manipulacije njime. "Proces je postao svjestan samoga sebe", citira autor velikog populacijskog genetièara Theodosiusa Dobzhanskog. "Vra®ji kapelan je sazrio", ka®e Dawkins, te omoguaeio ljudskoj vrsti nadzor nad vlastitom sudbinom. Što se više potrudimo doznati o evoluciji vrsta, a posebno ljudskoj, njenim fiziološkim, mor-fološkim i bihevioralnim osnovama, to aeemo upravo lakše izbjeaei determinizmima bilo koje vrste, recimo genetske, ali i psihosocijalne, poput potencijala za indoktrinaciju besmislenim i zloaeudnim idejama.