Sociology of Money Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, The Cambridge Global Handbook of Financial Infrastructure

This chapter outlines the history of a major pan-European financial infrastructure called TARGET2-Securities (T2S) implemented by the European Central Bank in 2015. Today, T2S is the main engine settling cross-border financial transactions in the Eurozone. The chapter describes the overall design and functioning of T2S and presents a history of its making. In particular, the chapter focuses on situating T2S: (1) in the wider landscape of European financial market integration; and (2) in the longue durée of international financial market infrastructure integration. It proposes what the author calls an “amplification thesis” to account for the relationship between European and ancient dimensions of the problems that motivated the creation of T2S. Specifically, it highlights how ancient paradoxes of credit and settlement transpose onto contemporary European financial market integration and how T2S can be seen as a new techno-political response to those problems.

2025, roche claude

Tout d'abord nous nous excusons de ne pas publier ce texte en Anglais, le temps qui court ne nous permettant pas une traduction fiable.

2025, Revista Española de Sociología (RES)

Este artículo analiza los enfoques y líneas de investigación más relevantes en la sociología económica sobre las transformaciones del dinero, su naturaleza social y el comportamiento monetario. El objetivo principal es identificar áreas clave de estudio y analizar las brechas en la literatura especializada en tres dimensiones: el dinero como fenómeno institucional, las innovaciones y nuevos espacios monetarios, y el uso del dinero en la vida social en el marco de un proceso de economización. Para ello, la metodología utilizada se basa en una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Entre los hallazgos destacados, se propone una articulación teórica que vincule la concepción del dinero-crédito como hecho institucional con las teorías que explican la acción económica monetaria a nivel micro. Se concluye que el avance en la teoría sociológica del comportamiento económico requiere una articulación más coherente de la teoría de la diferenciación social del dinero en consonancia con las concepciones sociológicas del dinero como institución social.

2025, Los Angeles Review of Books

reaching across the aisle? We tend to contemplate this question when such helplessness becomes particularly farcical (e.g., on one of the many occasions when President Biden insists that we should meet radicalizing white supremacy with a reaffirmation of our commitment to political decency and bipartisan consensus), but then it quickly becomes a rhetorical question, meant to organize a collective eye roll. It's important to dig deeper. One key factor shaping such helplessness is the tendency of progressive politics to orient itself by a deceptive lodestar -specifically, by the image of the early postwar order as a civilized capitalism, a stable balance between the forces of money and the public interest that we should work to restore. When trying to understand what has happened since the 1970s, and when assessing the present, they perceive primarily loss and decline. Such nostalgia is a massive problem: it does far more to hold us hostage to an inaccurately imagined past than to offer guidance to better political futures. That is not to say that nothing has been lost by anyone over the past decades. The post-New Deal welfare state gave its core constituency of white men access to a living wage, lifetime employment, high levels of consumption, a pension, and home ownership. In this way, it transformed wage labor from a futureless condition of social marginality into a ticket to a middle-class lifestyle. But the idea that capitalism simply destroyed the institutions of the mid-20th century welfare state is misleading. Out of the crisis of the welfare state arose a "bailout state." This new form has generated its own new middle-class politics, no longer organized around stable wage growth but around speculative investment, asset ownership, and capital gains. No conspiracy theory is required to understand how the bailout state was built. The 1970s made

2025

Dear reader, It is a pleasure to be involved with the Newsletter as its editor this year. I have been a reader and occasional contributor to this publication since its first issue in 1999, and have been impressed by the sustained quality and tremendous variety of the articles that appear here. Last year, we saw some distinctive pieces under the imaginative editorship of Philippe Steiner, and I am sure I speak on behalf of all the Newsletter's 1900 subscribers when I thank him for his tremendous work throughout the year. This is a packed issue, reflecting the generosity of its contributors, their enthusiasm for publishing here, and their capacity to meet my deadlines. Thanks to them all, and to Christina Glasmacher for her superb work in putting all of this material together and managing the whole editorial process. Predictably, most of the papers reflect my own interests and knowledge of the economic sociology fieldthe sociology of money and finance. In addition, I tried to pull in papers on topics, or which have a theoretical framework, that have not necessarily been covered here in the past. But my key rationale was simple: I approached authors whose work I had enjoyed reading.

2025

Este articulo muestra los resultados de un analisis del desempeno de ocho de los criptoactivos mas importantes entre la gran variedad que actualmente existe en el mercado. Se estudia su riesgo de mercado con base en metricas ampliamente utilizadas para activos financieros. El analisis se complementa con la evaluacion de su desempeno dentro de portafolios formados con criterios convencionales. Se encuentra un comportamiento bastante heterogeneo entre los activos estudiados, sugiriendo que tal comportamiento obedece a las caracteristicas especificas de cada uno de ellos, mas que a las caracteristicas comunes como una clase especifica de activos.

2025, World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 25(03), 1892-1895

The article explores how saving is conceived as a cultural construction in Otavalo, integrating economic practices, symbolic meanings and social obligations. Through an ethnographic approach, the study analyses how saving goes beyond a classic economic category to encompass local dynamics such as pig raising, considered an ancestral form of saving. Four main categories of saving were identified in Otavalo: monetary, behavioral, ancestral and credit. Saving is associated with planning for the future, both in contexts of crisis and in the achievement of personal or family goals. In
addition, it reflects tensions between the Western model of saving and local traditions, where symbols such as the pig acquire a central meaning. The study concludes that saving in Otavalo is a cultural phenomenon full of meaning, linked to time management, economic resilience and local identity.

2025

Copyright © Viella N.B: Copia ad uso personale e istituzionale. È vietata la riproduzione (totale o parziale) dell'opera con qualsiasi mezzo effettuata e la sua messa a disposizione di terzi, sia in forma gratuita sia a pagamento.

2025, CEVRO Institute

Through an analysis of some of the key features which are common to magic and religion, this research demonstrates that the same features can similarly be utilised in improving belief and confidence in man-made belief-based institutions,... more

2025, IBEROAMERICANA

In 2021 a group of left-wing protesters wrote "basta de polenta" in letters made of the eponymous grain in front of the Argentine Ministry of Social Development (Ministerio de Desarrollo Social). Ridiculing the government's paternalistic policy of distributing superfluous free food to the needy became a viral political joke. As news or as a meme, it was largely consumed and commented on through social networks. Indignation and laughter preceded reflections on the state's moralization of poverty and previous electoral promises to promote red meat consumption among low-income families. Jokes and ironies challenged the "moral economy" promoted by the Frente de Todos ("Everyone's Front") government. A state-created image of the poor and one of the government's moral panics, looting, were ridiculed through polenta jokes. In this way, political and moral practices in relation to crises of consumption were transformed into the consumption of jokes, at the same time that as a right-wing electorate grew.

2025

https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526158147 This book offers an innovative study of the Florentine gold florin, presenting it as a product of human activity and a dynamic medium with significant political, social, and cultural dimensions.... more

2025

This book is inspired by tremendous gratitude to those who have offered me friendship, support, and intellectual shelter. I would like to thank above all Kenneth Wissoker at Duke University Press for his faith and patience; Terry Enslin, whose professional expertise reminded me not only of my sanity but my capacity to explore its limits; to Trevor Stark for stoking my intellectual won der and being a true friend; to

2025

Book review of Suter, Geld an der Grenze by Karl Konstantin WALTER in Historische Zeitschrift.
Book discusses historical conflicts over money as a societal medium, looking at discourses in late 19th financial crisis, emergence of marginalist economics, introduction of German colonial currency in Tanzania, as well as street protests and policy debates during Weimar inflation.

2025

Ce qui suit est un échantillon d'un recueil qui n'a pas encore été publié et qui comprend 65 courts textes. Les sujets traités ne concernent pas seulement la science économique, mais toutes les disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales, ainsi que la philosophie. L'ensemble du recueil est provisoirement hébergé dans la section Livres, sur la page Web de l'auteur: Les économistes classiques persistent à enseigner que l'argent a trois fonctions, celles qu'Aristote a identifiées il y a 2300 ans : il sert d'unité de compte, de réserve de valeur et d'intermédiaire des échanges. Ce faisant, ils ignorent la fonction essentielle de l'argent dans notre société, soit le fait que c'est un instrument de pouvoir. Pendant ce temps, la science politique classique se charge d'analyser le pouvoir mis en scène dans la sphère politique et laisse aux économistes le soin d'étudier l'argent. Ainsi dissolu dans deux substances bien séparées, le pouvoir peut se maintenir et s'accroître tout en demeurant presque invisible. La révolution démocratique-capitaliste opérait ainsi une parfaite inversion de la recette du pouvoir qui était utilisée dans les régimes antérieurs, où la règle était sa mise en scène avec le maximum de faste et de rituels spectaculaires.

2025

Over the past decade, growing numbers of researchers in the arts and humanities have turned their attention to questions of money, finance, and the economy. At the same time, social scientists have increasingly drawn on humanities-based methodologies in their analyses of economic phenomena. "Money Talks: Futures for the Economic Humanities" is a landmark conference dedicated to mapping this emerging interdisciplinary space and charting its multiple potential futures. Much cutting-edge research into economics and the economy has coalesced around concepts and approaches conventionally associated with humanities scholarship. Theorists of money, for example, have sought to understand its nature and function historically (by investigating origins and patterns of development); philosophically (in light of moneyʼs confounding of standard ontological and epistemological categories); literarily (as homologous to literary forms such as realism or modernism); narratively or hermeneutically (with attention to the powerfully charged myths and meanings bound up with monetary objects); materially and visually (considering the material cultures and semiotic dimensions of money); theologically (as an essentially sacred phenomenon that retains vestiges of its divine underpinnings); or performatively (in terms of moneyʼs self-authorizing capacities, as spectacularly dramatized in recent years by the rise of cryptocurrencies).

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

MPIfG Working Papers present ideas that could guide future scholarly research. They may also draw out the implications of available knowledge for a better understanding of public-policy issues. MPIfG Working Papers are refereed scholarly... more

2025, CONCEPT FOR AN AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL CURRENCY

From 1782 the new American States began the first important steps in establishing a workable government. One of these first steps was establishing a monetary policy. Currently, the monetary policy of the United States is conducted by... more

2025, MARG Art Magazine – The third side of the coin

This essay is the introduction to a volume on the non-monetary use of coins in Indian culture, from the use of money to make religious offerings in the Vedas to the current fashion for wearing coins as personal ornaments. The volume also examines the use of coin-like objects as devotional objects and as political statements. The collecting of coins and coin-like objects and the use of coins and other forms of money in contemporary art are also featured. The third side of the coin will intrigue and enlighten the reader. All the essays are written by scholars of international reputation. There are also two photo essays by an artist who uses coins in his art and by a collector of Indian coins and coin-like charms.

2025, Marxism & Sciences

Recent scholarship in the nascent field of critical AI studies has vigorously defended the thesis that the forms of ‘machine intelligence’ deployed by data-intensive capital today (such as machine learning and deep neural networks) depend for their existence on material factors that range from rare minerals to human subjectivity, experience and social practice broadly speaking. Thus, the alleged ‘intelligence’ or ‘smartness’ of these technologies is often denounced as a mystified appearance of objectified human activity that ought to be unveiled. While accepting the contemporary relevance and importance of these interventions, in this article I will explore a different line of critique. I will dwell on the idea that machines appear in a certain way in virtue of their social form and the social relations they are entangled with. I will argue that, instead of dismissing the idea of ‘intelligent machines’ as a mere ideological semblance, it is crucial to also ask why and how it is that machines appear as intelligent or as endowed with ‘intellectual life.’ In other words, I will not defend or critique the idea that machine intelligence might be, at bottom, objectified human activity; nor will I denounce the attribution of any kind of intelligence to machines as false. Rather, my purpose is to present the argument that intelligence appearing as an attribute of capitalist technology is not merely an illusion, but rather a necessary appearance of capital’s development. To develop this Marxist critique of the notion of machine intelligence, I will draw primarily from two theoretical sources. Firstly, the systematisation of Marx’s critique of fetishism developed by authors in the tradition of the Neue Marx Lektüre, particularly in Clara Ramas San Miguel’s recent work. I will try to show how such readings demonstrate the fetishism of machines as a strict continuity of the commodity fetish. Secondly, this will be complemented with Evald Ilyenkov’s theorisation of the ideal as a phase of social practice. While Ilyenkov did not treat the problem of fetishism in a systematic fashion, I argue that his account of the dialectical relation between thought and being is crucial to understand how knowledge can be ‘absorbed’ in technology and how it can subsequently assume a mystified socially objective appearance.

2025, The Connecticut Economy

2025, Journal of Economic Issues

What metaphoric images does the metaphoric concept of liquidity deliver? Scholars have unanimously argued that it is a hydraulic metaphor invented by the rational motive of economists who want to define an economic phenomenon objectively.... more

2025

Money within the economy can take several forms. Cash (notes and coins) accounts for only 3% of the money in circulation, whilst the remaining 97% of the money in circulation within the United Kingdom economy comprises of credit money... more

2025, Mondes en décroissance

À partir d’une lecture critique d’un ouvrage de Alf Hornborg récemment traduit en français, l’article cherche à problématiser le rôle que l’argent est susceptible de jouer dans l’optique d’une économie de la décroissance. Il développe à cette fin une conception « pharmacologique » de la monnaie, qui considère l’ambivalence constitutive de cette institution sociale, dont le fonctionnement actuel précipite la crise environnementale, mais dont une réforme pourrait inverser les effets néfastes. Dans cette perspective, il oppose à la proposition de Hornborg, axée sur la fonction de l’argent comme moyen d’échange et visant à la relocalisation des économies, l’idée d’une démocratisation du crédit, qui permettrait de mieux orienter la transformation du mode de production en vue d’une économie humainement juste et écologiquement soutenable.

2025, Global Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities

A large number of scholars explored this relationship but this area is still unexplored due to complexity and non-linearity between main theoretical streams and empirical findings, providing a research gap for further research. This study aims at investigating the influence of green technology, green products innovation, R&D expenditures and consumer behavior on firm performance, using primary data collected 425 employees of 10 selected textile firms located in Multan, Faisalabad, Karachi, and Lahore districts of Pakistan through questionnaire survey during October-December 2023. Using firm performance metrics, particularly annual profit as a proxy, the study employs Correlation matrix and ARDL approach to analyze the relationships between independent variables: green technology, green product innovation, research and development expenditures, consumer behavior, and dependent variable, firm performance. According to the findings, green technology, green product innovation, and customer preferences have positive and significant impact on firm performance, while the impact of R&D on firm performance was found insignificant.

2025, Global Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities

This study aims at investigating into the complex interplay between natural resources depletion, energy crises, industrial output, and environmental degradation in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India using 30 years of secondary data spanning from 1992 to 2022 and employing statistical techniques, such as Correlation analysis and Pooled Mean Group method to identify short and long-term relationship between variables. The environmental degradation is dependent variable and it is proxied for CO2 emissions, while natural resources depletion, industrial output and energy crisis are independent variables. The electricity consumption is proxied for energy crisis. According to the findings, natural resources depletion negatively influences environmental degradation. Conversely, energy consumption, transmission and distribution losses, urbanization, and industrial output exhibit positive correlations with environmental degradation, underscoring the urgent need for intervention.

2025, Global Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities

This study examined the link between mental health and family life of working women during the Covid-19 restrictions using primary data collected from 250 working women serving in private and public sector organizations. through a questionnaire survey during May-June, 2023. The standardized tools of Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Beach Centre Family Quality of Life Scale (FQOL Scale) were used to assess mental health and quality of women's family life. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. According to findings, majority of working women experienced depression and anxiety during Covid-19 pandemic, whereas working mothers were specifically affected because they had to balance childcare, household tasks, and financial obligations simultaneously. The findings further revealed that the working women having family support reported better mental health and increased life satisfaction compared to those who had nuclear family, uncomfortable working condition, and low income were suffered poor mental health during COVID-19.

2025, Revista Economica De Catalunya

2 4 • R e v i s t a E c o n ò m i c a d e C a t a l u n y a de fe, una religió en la qual es creu i que no es pot discutir (Bagnai, 2013;. I si algú gosa discutir-lo o posar-lo en qüestió, ràpidament és acusat de formar part de la croada dels dimonis antieuropeistes, nacionalistes recalcitrants i, fins i tot, membres de l'extrema dreta o de l'esquerra extraparlamentària . Hi ha, doncs, un enorme maniqueisme per part dels defensors de l'euro per sobre de tot. Contràriament, penso que seran precisament els crítics amb la Unió Europea, aquells que Ralph Dahrendorf (1997) va anomenar europeistes escèptics -que és molt diferent d'euroescèptics-, els que volen reformar-la radicalment, així com els que propugnen la dissolució de l'euro (i el retorn a les monedes nacionals), perquè s'ha convertit en un instrument perillós per a les economies europees, els qui faran avançar realment una unió econòmica i política europea dels ciutadans i dels pobles i, per tant, radicalment democràtica. Com ja s'ha dit, l'euro s'ha convertit en un dogma de fe, en una religió, en un fi en si mateix. Però de fet, l'euro no és (i no hauria de ser) més que un instrument per aconseguir els objectius d'avançar en una unió econòmica i una unió política europees reals, que responguin a les necessitats i als anhels de la ciutadania i dels pobles europeus. I com tots els instruments que s'utilitzen per tal d'aconseguir uns objectius finals més importants, si no serveixen s'han de canviar. I l'euro no és un bon instrument perquè té una sèrie de problemes que li ho impedeixen. I quins són aquests problemes? (Soy, 2013).

2025

Kripto para yapısı itibari ile teknolojik gelişmelerin sonucu
olarak ortaya çıkan bir para birimi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu
anlamda verginin hesaplanması ve tahsil edilmesi konusunda birçok
zorlukta beraberinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Söz konusu zorlukların temel
nedeni ise vergi mükellefiyetinin tespitinin zor olması hatta mümkün
olmaması olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Kripto para araçları değişim aracı olarak kullanılmakla birlikte
yatırım aracı olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Para birimi olarak bir değişim
aracı iken yatırım aracı olarak kullanıldığında ise bir getiri araç olarak
görülmektedir. Vergi ile ilgili husus ise tam bu noktada servet ve bu
servet üzerinden yatırım gelirini konu edinmektedir. Aynı zamanda
çifte vergilendirme, vergi kaçakçılığı ve vergi uyumu gibi vergi
sorunları da gün yüzüne çıkmaktadır. Bu anlamda uluslararası alanda
kripto paraya yönelik farklı ülkelerin bakış açıları ele alınacak olup
kripto para işlemlerinin vergilendirilmesine değinilecektir.

2025, alessandria today

Le criptovalutei si sono imposte come uno dei fenomeni finanziari più
significativi degli ultimi decenni.
Nate come risposta alla crisi finanziaria globale del 2008, esse
rappresentano un’alternativa ai sistemi tradizionali centralizzati,
basandosi sulla tecnologia blockchain per garantire trasparenza e
sicurezza nelle transazioni. A partire dal 2009, con il lancio di Bitcoinii, il
mercato delle criptovalute è cresciuto in maniera esponenziale,
passando da un volume totale di transazioni di pochi milioni di dollari nei
primi anni a oltre 14 trilioni di dollari nel 2024, secondo Chainalysis.
Questa crescita ha portato a un’espansione significativa del numero di
utenti globali, stimati in circa 562 milioni nel 2024, con una distribuzione
che varia tra economie avanzate ed emergenti.
Parallelamente, l’evoluzione delle criptovalute ha stimolato un acceso
dibattito sulle loro implicazioni economiche e sociali.

2025

Quest'opera è distribuita con licenza internazionale Creative Commons Attribuzione Non commerciale Non opere derivate 4.0. Copia della licenza è disponibile alla URL http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Nel corso degli ultimi trent'anni il mondo dello sviluppo internazionale è stato dominato da un movimento globale di intermediari finanziari non convenzionali, conosciuto con il termine di "microcredito" o "microfinanza", 1 impegnato nel migliorare l'accesso a prestiti, strumenti di risparmio, assicurazioni ed altri servizi finanziari in scala ridotta per individui e comunità povere o a basso reddito. L'esclusione finanziaria, che nella sua accezione minima è misurata in termini di accesso a un conto corrente presso un'istituzione finanziaria (o a un servizio di mobile banking), riguarda 2 miliardi di persone a livello globale, in particolare donne (solo il 58% delle donne ha un conto, contro il 65% degli uomini) e poveri (più dell...

2025

Graph and matrix as two mirror images of the same Use of means of payment Saving the use of money -expanding the horizon Community horizon -community spirit Ring of trust Community as a bank -circulation of goods and tokens Graph and matrix as two mirror images of the same Societary circulation of goods and payments money only Left: Simon Newcomb (1885) Principles of political economy Right: James William Gilbart (1833) History of the rise, progress, and present state of banking ⇒ Matrix of the clearing house

2025

“On this subject, I only knew the excellent little book by the late Schurtz” — Marcel Mauss, 1914, Les origines de la notion de monnaie. Heinrich Schurtz’s 1898 book has been a touchstone for economic historians, anthropologists, and... more

2025

thèse complète en HIstoire Contemporaine sur Les femmes et le monde du travail en Grande Bretagne de la fin du XIXème siècle au début du XXIème siècle, sous la direction du Professeur Dominque Barjotde l'Université Paris Sorbonne Paris... more

2024, Possible Risks of the Metaverse and the Posthuman: The Separation of Economy and Money

This study examines the reflections of the integration between culture and nature, which is promised in the philosophies of technology, in the context of metaverse and posthuman examples. The dichotomy between culture and nature can lead to many new dichotomies in the contemporary daily life. Especially with the modern period, some dilemmas have emerged between mathematics and humanity, technology and social life, science and religion, social media or metaverse and real life, and money and economy. In order to solve these dilemmas, individualization has been developed in the contemporary period. In fact, 20th century societies are
largely individualized and middle-class societies. While individualization promises to solve existing dilemmas, it can lead to increasingly deeper human problems. The most important of these problems is that virtual life, which was invented to assist real human life, has turned into something that suppresses and manipulates the real life. For example, the money, which has four different functions, is now destroying the financial economy with a single function-the symbolic exchange value function. In addition, like the social media platforms, the metaverse is presented in a format that is more real than real life. Here, there is also an intervention
in the function of religion. There are serious efforts which are made to substitute simultaneous virtual belief and ritual logic instead of real time and life experiences of the religion and the belief. Especially Islam is not a religion suitable for this intervention and target. Because Islam is primarily a worldly religion and remembers the afterlife in terms of what it promises. For Muslims, the religious rituals cannot be performed on a virtual level and separate from the real lives of other people. This separation from real life is the most advanced version of alienation
and the most radical version of individualization. After the descriptions of
metaverse, posthuman and economy, the article deals with this alienation and also criticizes alienation, which also means the separation of economy and money.
Key Words: Metaverse, Posthuman, Economy, Money, Individualization, Islam.

2024

In the sociological studies, the issue of modernity has constituted the most important topic of the work of the classical sociologists. Although many sociologists have worked on the subject, Georg Simmel has been given the title of the sociologist of modernity. Simmel has an important place in the history of sociology in terms of the diversity of his field of study and his focus on the details of modern society. Simmel, who thought that modernity exposed itself most clearly in metropolitan life, focused on issues of modern society such as fashion, money and individuality. Although Simmel is one of the classical thinkers of sociological thought, his work continues to be an important figure in modern sociology in terms of affecting theories such as conflict theory, symbolic interactionism and postmodernism.
Simmel explained various typologies for his social studies. Simmel aimed to analyze the individual and society in detail through the social types he created. According to him, as we reach the characteristics of a type in society, knowledge of society is reached. Simmel analyzed social types such as foreigner, miser, prodigal, adventurer, noble, poor. The aim of this study is to describe the poor type in Simmel's theory.

2024, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

2024, Presses de l'Université de Laval

2024, La séparation parentale et la recomposition familiale dans la société québécoise : les premiers moments

Le bien-être et l'adaptation des enfants québécois dont les parents sont récemment séparés. .

2024, 茨城キリスト教大学紀要 Ii 社会自然科学

2024

Australia was the first country to issue a full series of polymer banknotes, completed over 1992–96. After 25 years, issuance of the second generation of polymer banknotes is well advanced. It seems appropriate, therefore, to revisit the financial savings resulting from the switch to polymer. Employing a cost-benefit analysis framework, we find that the switch to polymer has resulted in net savings of close to $1 billion over the past 25 years in inflation-adjusted terms. This does not take account of the benefits of reduced counterfeiting, which have also been substantial and were the original motivation for switching to polymer. We also discuss cost savings arising from outsourcing banknote distribution to the private sector, as well as seigniorage income which accrues from banknotes on issue and which ultimately flows to the Australian Government as non-tax revenue in the form of the dividend payment from the Reserve Bank.

2024, Revista Central de Sociología

Even thought money constitutes a fundamental element in the rise of the modern economic system and in the social order itself, by allowing the reproduction of the material conditions needed for the maintenance of society, the principal sociological perspectives have not managed to come to a consensus on the understanding of money as a phenomenon, which has derived in the absence of an unitary theory about money within the discipline. Because of this motive we want to propose a series of hermeneutic tools called “analytical axes of money”, like the reification axis, the functionalist axis and the systemic axis, which will allow us to achieve a certain order to the “latent theory of money” present in sociology. In this way we propose to conduct a review of the before mentioned analytical axes, which would appear in an implicit and disconnected form inside the sociological thought, in such a way that we could make them converge on a single concept of money that includes the whole complexity of this phenomenon

2024, The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Money. Volume 1: Ancient and Medieval Thought

Devin Singh’s chapter explores philosophies of money in early Christian thought during the patristic period (ca. 300–600), when theology was systemized using Greco-Roman philosophical tools and formalized through councils and imperial... more

2024, La dureza de la calle. Gobiernos del sexo callejero en Caracas

Este trabajo forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre el funcionamiento, gestión y regulación de mercados ilegales en Caracas, entendiendo por tales no solo aquellos en que se transan mercancías prohibidas, sino también, como en el caso de la prostitución callejera, que no pueden acceder a mecanismos legales de regulación y resolución de conflictos. A partir de una investigación etnográfica de más de un año de duración en dos contextos contiguos pero distintos de prostitución callejera, uno más central y concurrido y otro en una calle más periférica y oculta, comparamos prácticas ilícitas, patrones de violencia y, sobre todo, mecanismos de regulación y gobernanza. En la plaza más periférica los episodios de violencia, incluyendo violencia sexual y agresiones entre las propias trabajadoras sexuales, son más habituales, así como actividades ilícitas o desviadas, como los robos, la venta y consumo de estupefacientes y la prostitución de adolescentes y niñas. La regulación descansa en coaliciones, en respuestas individuales o en una figura de “patronazgo” (las “madres”) en que prostitutas de más edad conducen y protegen a grupos de prostitutas jóvenes a cambios de dádivas. En contraste, en la plaza más boyante, donde operan mecanismos de control más centralizados y sofisticados por parte de un grupo de mujeres prostitutas y exprostitutas (con el apoyo de prostitutas trans) y en asociación con la policía, la violencia, los conflictos y las infracciones son significativamente menos frecuentes.

2024, Institut Schiller

Empathie, sympathie, compassion -- La défense du patrimoine culturel de l'humanité, clé d'une paix mondiale.

2024, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

A mon sens, tous ces efforts pour réduire l'intentionnalité collective à l'intentionnalité individuelle se sont soldés par un échec » (Searle, 1998, p. 42). L'irréductibilité du fait monétaire : Réflexions sur la transcendance du social 1 André Orléan -070608 Texte pour les Actes du Colloque de Cerisy sur le thème : « Autour de Jean-Pierre Dupuy » Version « longue » du 070608 Au coeur des sciences sociales, garante de leur unité profonde, on trouve une même et perpétuelle interrogation : existe-t-il quelque chose comme une transcendance du social ? Certes la manière dont cette question est posée change avec les époques et les points de vue mais la substance du problème demeure toujours. Pour une bonne part, les sciences sociales ne sont qu'une méditation ininterrompue autour de ce même thème. Et, pour une bonne part, on peut mesurer la pertinence d'un auteur à la qualité de son apport à cette réflexion toujours poursuivie. L'époque contemporaine marquée comme elle l'est par l'hégémonie des conceptions économiques a fait jouer au formalisme de la théorie des jeux un rôle structurant dans la manière dont elle a élaboré cette question. Il s'agit alors de savoir jusqu'où la rationalité individuelle, telle que définie par cette théorie, peut rendre intelligibles les faits sociaux. Les réponses les plus diverses ont été proposées : à l'opposé de Searle, cité en exergue, Avner Greif, dans son livre Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy, poursuit très loin la piste réductionniste qui vise à penser l'institutionnel à partir du seul contractuel en mobilisant les outils proposés par la théorie des jeux non coopératifs. C'est cette même interrogation qu'on retrouve au centre des réflexions que nous propose Jean-Pierre Dupuy. On peut même dire qu'elle l'obsède et ne le laisse jamais tranquille, y compris lorsqu'il s'intéresse aux « origines des sciences cognitives » (1994) ou au « catastrophisme éclairé » (2002). Dans un texte de 1989 entièrement consacrée à cette question, « Convention et Common knowledge », il énonce avec force et clarté sa position : « le paradigme de la rationalité est radicalement incomplet » (p. 362). Il ajoute de manière plus explicite : « Si elles ne prenaient appui sur des références extérieures qui les guident en les « poussant », les interactions entre acteurs rationnels seraient en général incapables de produire à elles seules quoi que ce soit de déterminé » (p. 362). Cette position doit beaucoup à l'influence d'Émile Durkheim dont on se souvient qu'il pose l'extériorité à l'égard des consciences individuelles comme un des traits distinctifs du fait social. C'est là un héritage qu'assume pleinement Jean-Pierre Dupuy. Mais ce n'est pas le seul. Ce qui rend l'oeuvre de Jean-Pierre Dupuy si intéressante et si singulière est le fait que cet auteur n'est pas moins influencé par la pensée pragmatique d'origine anglo-saxonne. Cela apparaît clairement dans

2024, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

In this paper, I study the relation between the economic thought of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and his claimed heir Silvio Gesell. I argue that their socialism can be described as a « Monetary Analysis Socialism »: both authors place the monetary institution at the very heart of their economic analysis and consider a profound transformation of the rules that govern that institution as a necessary preliminary to the advent of socialism. Their efforts to conceive non-capitalist monetary systems aren't, I argue, a fortuitous trait of libertarian thought : the will to think a coordination for individual action that does not involve central coordination makes the monetary system a central object for libertarian political thought, and the design of this institution a crucial political issue.

2024, Archers and Elevators: Bengaluru.

G 20, otherwise known as Group of 20 has become a negotiator, decision-maker, and guiding factor towards sustainable development in the modern arena. G20 countries hold the immense potential to run academic, research, and extension efforts sustainably. The countries included in G20 have separate schemes and programs to develop the educational potential of their own country. It totally depends on the resources, research, and regulating potential of each country. The educational disparities that exist in the worldwide scenario which stem from the lack of economic, and social capital stand as the elephant in the room, obstructing the universal accessibility and utilization of education. In this context, the idea of learning from another country emerges as important. However, due to technical glitches and political reasons, the adaptation of such schemes may not suit the academic arena of another country. The cross-country participation between the members can boost the efficiency of academic, skill development, and research which will be ultimately useful for the sustainable development of mankind.
This paper aims to address the efforts of G20 countries in educational development and highlight the possibility of learning from other countries. Also, the relevant cross-country collaborations and the positive effects of such initiatives are highlighted. The paper also throws light into the backdrops and benefits of the Indian academic system and how co-existence and collaboration can substitute obsolete methods and practices.
Keywords: Education, G20, Sustainability, Disparity, Opportunities and Collaborations

2024, Journal of Eastern African studies

Asked why they intended to vote for William Ruto in Kenya’s 2022 presidential election, many people in central Kenya had a simple answer: ‘we owe Ruto a debt’. This was not the only kind of debt, nor the only idea of obligation, to feature in the election campaigns: the extent of personal and national debt in Kenya were both frequently discussed. At the same time, voters were being offered more debt – through national and local schemes to provide credit to entrepreneurs. Meanwhile, even though the distribution of cash was an absolutely expected feature of campaign events, politicians and the public were consistently scathing in their denunciation of ‘handouts’: to simply give away money was widely viewed as deeply immoral. Drawing on traditional and digital media as well as interviews, this paper brings the literature on money debt in Africa into dialogue with work on electoral clientelism to explore how questions about the morality of obligations ran through the elections – in ways that suggest a degree of change but also point to deeper continuities.