Sociology of Money Research Papers (original) (raw)

Regarding money, the theme of belief is usually formulated in terms of belief in money. The same is true of trust, as well the value of money. One should also raise the question of trust, belief and value through money, or given its presence. This suggestion is inspired by the philosophy of Gilbert Simon-don, whose theory of psychic and collective individuation aims at overcoming the dichotomy between methodological individualism and a sociology of vast categories. Simondon's theory has three aspects that could inform the research on money. Firstly, the philosopher raises the question of how groups are constituted: they subsist by the same process that gives birth to individual personalities. A group is defined by the categories it mobilizes, and most importantly, that it produces while constituting itself. Secondly, Simondon underscores the inventive aspect of this emergence of groups, an invention analogous to technical invention, one that redraws the potentials at work in the collective: it can be those of the territory, of the bodies, or of the minds. This inventive character prolongs these potentials as structures, and this is what the collective is all about. Finally, Simondon develops a theory of the "image cycle" that can help us understand the continuity between this indefinite and infinite field of potentials, the typical categorization of groups, and the formation of images and objects (technical, sacred, aesthetic), which crystalize desires, beliefs and hopes of individuals as members of groups. These aspects clarify our wish to alter the way the questions regarding money are enounced, as well as that of the affects it mobilizes and informs. Since money manifests itself in its operation, as image or object, it can be considered to stem from the simondonian image cycle, giving sense to groups and mobilizing potentials, desires and beliefs. We explore and explicit the differences implied by this approach, underscoring Simondon's contributions to social thought. Money is a privileged object for the application of Simondon's thought, because of its plasticity, the vastness of the domains in which it operates, and the magnitude of forces it mobilizes.

- by Peter Wogan
- •
- Water, Magic, Sociology of Money, Theories of Money
- by Valentina Moiso
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- Economic Sociology, Microfinance, Sociology of Money, Islamic Finance
- by Mariana Luzzi and +1
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- Sociology of Money, Social Studies of Finance, New Economic Sociology

This paper examines the factors that make cash ‘sticky’ in the increasingly digitised Kenyan financial landscapes. On the one
hand, it discusses the mismatch between assumptions implicit in the financial inclusion discourse and ideas of saving, accumulation and money enshrined in local financial practices,
and provides an overview o f the current digital payment situation in Kenya, in terms o f strategies and data. On the other hand, it draws insights from industry efforts in which
industry expectations are tested against a background shaped by the dominance o f cash and traditional financial institutions. The overall goal is to further the understanding of potential drivers and challenges o f ‘cash-lite’ approaches to financial inclusion, as well as the convergence and divergence of theory and evidence. This study uses qualitative methods of data collection to understand the social, cultural and economic drivers o f payment behaviours, and the opportunities and constraints for adoption and acceptance of technology. It
argues that the enduring reliance on cash suggests that a rational calculative approach is not adequate to understand people’s decision making when considering different options in a repertoire o f financial alternatives. Most importantly, the materiality of cash affects its pragmatics within a broader repertoire of financial practices revolving around different means of payment and storages o f value. It thus recommends
that an approach to the design o f epayment systems should not only be largely ‘open-source’ for ease o f interoperability with other payment systems, but also localised, to converge with local contexts.

- by Gianluca Iazzolino and +1
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- Sociology of Money, Kenya, Financial Inclusion, Mobile Money

This book offers a new focus for interpreting the multiple power relations that configure the world of the poor. It analyzes heterogeneous money exchanges among the urban poor in Buenos Aires, showing how money circulates on formal, informal and illegal markets, through welfare and NGO assistance, and in political, religious and family ties. Here the moral dimension of money plays a critical role in the production of economic, class, political, gender and generational bonds. Instead of focusing on each of these fragments, this book aims to highlight the continuity among these spheres, leaving little doubt as to the moral basis of money.
In a innovative dialogue that includes Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of power and the sociology of money of Viviana Zelizer, this book propose the concept of moral capital to interpret the connections between money, morality and power.
This sociology allowed us to understand that money is more like a puzzle comprised of several pieces. The concept of moral capital shows that the pieces of money are shaped by ideas and moral feelings, and that each of these pieces differs from the others. This book thus approaches the pieces of money as moral pieces and the money puzzle as a moral puzzle. The dynamic of these pieces—a dynamic involving hierarchies, tensions and contradictions—challenges the definition and the negotiation of people’s status and power in specific social orders.
Thus, money is morally ubiquitous because it helps to produce social orders, moral hierarchies and power relations. Each chapter of this book supplements the previous chapter, showing that no piece of money is more moral than the next: all revolve around the efforts to establish, appropriate and accumulate moral capital.
This book explores the roles of money that do not appear among its functions in economy textbooks. Along the way, we hit upon subjects such as hierarchy, domination, status and competition. These themes allow to reconsiders the moral dimension of money as part of power relations. In short, the proposal of this book is to build a toolbox based on the moral sociology of money to understand the role money plays in social life today.

- by Ariel Wilkis
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- Economic Sociology, Pierre Bourdieu, Sociology of Money, Poverty and Inequality

Through its chronic pollution and recurrent explosions, the petrochemical industry is the source of constant damage for fenceline communities. Measures that might prevent or correct this damage are postponed with a local ow of money, a situation viewed through the prism of the di erent levels of damage, from chronic pollution to cancers and explosions. This article analyzes how a collective lawsuit launched against a petrochemical complex in Taiwan is challenging this economy. Formosa Plastics, the owner of the petrochemical complex, is one of the world's largest chemical companies. Its 'good neighbor' policy includes a mix of political corruption, patronage care services and regular cash payments. Based on a four-year observation and in-depth interviews with the plainti s and other local sources, this article draws on the sociology of money to examine the ambiguous role of compensation in disputes over environmental and public health damage. I show that the search for justice and compensation nourishes a range of expectations. This includes, in proportion to the scope of the damage, a moral condemnation of the polluters and the prevention of further harm, in addition to economic assistance.

- by Paul Jobin
- •
- Chinese Studies, Environmental Studies, Environmental Health, Taiwan Studies

Comment les couples gèrent-ils leur argent ? Comment partagent-ils les ressources financières à leur disposition? Qui paie quoi? Comment l’argent circule-t-il dans la sphère intime? Témoins des multiples transformations de la famille au cours des dernières décennies, des chercheuses et chercheurs de France, de Suisse, de Belgique et du Canada ont exploré la dimension économique de l’univers domestique, en étudiant les liens de la solidarité et les rapports de pouvoir entre conjoints. La gestion de l’argent dans la sphère domestique se trouve à la jonction des approches théoriques qui mettent l’accent sur la famille en tant que réseau d’échanges et de solidarité et celles qui portent sur les dynamiques interindividuelles et les rapports de pouvoir au sein des couples. Partant de ce constat, les auteurs du présent ouvrage se sont donnés pour objectif commun d’aborder les «comptes amoureux» en conjuguant ces deux positions. Comment l’interdépendance économique des membres de la famille se conjugue-t-elle désormais à l’idéal d’autonomie des individus qui la composent ? L’accession des femmes à l’indépendance financière a-t-elle eu pour effet de transformer en profondeur les rôles
conjugaux ? La fragilité des unions a-t-elle amené les femmes et les hommes à négocier les termes de cette solidarité au sein de l’union conjugale ? En étudiant deux institutions fondamentales des sociétés contemporaines occidentales, la famille et l’argent, cet ouvrage interroge plus largement la modernité et les théories qui l’accompagnent.

Global slavery of young people at home
Part 1
Artur Victoria
Introduction
I read this news paper article and got interested on it. So I got a study case.
It’s a complex process that ruins economy of tax resources and causes serious psychological problems to young people.
“'Money mule' teenagers being recruited through social media by money laundering criminals”

- by Artur Victoria
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- Criminology, Psychology, Education, Young people's use of Technology

There is much to be said about monetary "appification": how it reconfigures hardware and infrastructures; how it realigns industries and industry players (banks, mobile network operators, software companies, merchants and so on), creating new allegiances and competitors; how it is part of a privatisation of money-space; or, indeed, how it expands money’s materiality and augments its functionality (or not), while blurring the distinction between money as artefact and process or milieu, for example. In what follows, we limit ourselves to a discussion of what we see as the becoming experiential of money; that is, of money becoming subjected to specific design techniques and framings as experience.

- by Nathaniel Tkacz and +1
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- Digital Media, User Experience (UX), User Interface, Media Theory

Η διάλεξη εντάσσεται στις σεμιναριακές συναντήσεις του προγράμματος TransMonEA: Νόμισμα, κρίσεις, αναπαραστάσεις του οικονομικού. 2ος Θεματικός κύκλος 2021-2022: Οι συντελεστές της οικονομίας. Θεσμοί και δίκτυα προσώπων. https://transmonea.academyofathens.gr/index.php/en/ Η ερευνητική εργασία TransMonEA υποστηρίχτηκε από το Ελληνικό Ίδρυμα Έρευνας και Καινοτομίας (ΕΛ.ΙΔ.Ε.Κ.) στο πλαίσιο της Δράσης: «1η Προκήρυξη Ερευνητικών Έργων ΕΛ.ΙΔ.Ε.Κ. για την ενίσχυση των Μελών ΔΕΠ και Ερευνητών/τριών και την προμήθεια ερευνητικού εξοπλισμού μεγάλης αξίας» (Αριθμός Έργου: 1310).

- by Catherine Brégianni
- •
- History, Economic History, Greek History, Globalization

Current systems for banking authentication require that customers not reveal their access codes, even to members of the family. A study of banking and security in Australia shows that the practice of sharing passwords does not conform to this requirement. For married and de facto couples, password sharing is seen as a practical way of managing money and a demonstration of trust. Sharing Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) is a common practice among remote indigenous communities in Australia. In areas with poor banking access, this is the only way to access cash. People with certain disabilities have to share passwords with carers, and PIN numbers with retail clerks. In this paper we present the findings of a qualitative user study of banking and money management. We suggest design criteria for banking security systems, based on observed social and cultural practices of password and PIN number sharing.

- by Dr Catherine Demosthenous
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- Sociology of Money

En 2019 con Mauricio Macri, en 1955 con Juan Domingo Perón, en 1976 con la dictadura cívico-militar del Proceso, en 1989 o en 2001 con las presidencias radicales de Raúl Alfonsín y Fernando de la Rúa, en cada punto de inflexión histórica en la Argentina reciente, el dólar y el mercado cambiario fueron jefes de campaña que sostuvieron a los oficialismos o fiscales que buscaron el triunfo de la oposición por las urnas o aun por las armas.
Rehuyendo las explicaciones inmediatas de la política y de la economía, El dólar. Historia de una moneda argentina nos ofrece una narrativa honda, circunstanciada, específica, rica en detalles y en consecuencias, sobre la popularización de la divisa norteamericana en las vidas de generaciones de argentinos y argentinas. Cómo la referencia al dólar y el acceso al mercado de cambios se volvieron un hecho y una práctica extendida y transversal a toda la sociedad argentina.
En esta investigación que les demandó cuatro años, los sociólogos Mariana Luzzi y Ariel Wilkis nos muestran la radiografía de las partes íntimas pero decisivas que operan en una anatomía y un comportamiento pasional y nacional. Desde los teatros de revistas en la calle Corrientes hasta las tapas y pantallas cotidianas de los medios y las redes, desde cada inversión hasta cada gasto, y desde cada decisión privada hasta cada elección presidencial, en la Argentina el dólar fue ganando familiaridad, comodidad y espacio en la cultura popular y en las conductas personales que después nunca cedió. Como demuestran los autores, las racionalizaciones políticas sobre el imperialismo estadounidense o economicistas sobre una huida al valor para ahorrar en tiempos de crisis, devaluación e inflación no alcanzan para explicar cómo en la Argentina el dólar ganó un lugar y un privilegio únicos.

- by Mariana Luzzi and +1
- •
- Economic Sociology, Political Economy, Argentina, Monetary history
- by Josh J Ryan-Collins
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- Finance, Monetary Economics, Banking, Money and Banking
- by Suraj Beri
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- Sociology of Money

Wenn es stimmt, dass nur das wirklich zählt, wofür Menschen bereit sind, notfalls zu sterben, dann sind "Wirtschaftsflüchtlinge" geradezu Propheten des Kapitalismus, denn der Einsatz ihres Lebens verkündet die Leben spendende Kraft eines Wirtschaftssystems. Dort wo Kapitalismus ist, ist wahres Leben, eine Art Paradies, das jede Gefahr lohnt. Und selbst wenn das Paradies in der Realität nicht ganz so golden glänzt wie in den Vorabendserien auf Disney-Channel, so mag den arbeitslosen Jugendlichen in den Slums und " high density suburbs " afrikanischer Großstädte doch selbst das Leben eines Armen in Berlin paradiesisch erscheinen. Es geht ja auch nicht nur um die Realität der Gegenwart, sondern noch viel mehr um die Verheißungen zukünftigen Glücks. Die Entsolidarisierung des Kapitalismus hat nämlich die wunderbare Wirkung, dass selbst die Anschauung des Scheiterns Anderer immer noch suggeriert, dass es dem Neuankömmling nicht so ergehen wird, wenn er es nur besser macht, härter arbeitet, sich mehr abmüht. Der Gescheiterte hat mit mir nichts zu tun, er ist nicht ich. Diese verschobene, streng individualisierte Perspektive der kapitalistischen Weltanschauung sorgt dafür, dass der paradiesische Glanz des Kapitalismus nicht matt wird, egal wie viele Opfer er produziert. Der Verlust des Paradieses und seine Wiederkehr als Königsherrschaft Gottes Die Überzeugung, dass der Mensch außerhalb des Gartens Eden leben muss, prägt die alttestamentlich-jüdische Sicht der menschlichen Existenz. Ohne Unterschied zu den ungläubigen Völkern muss auch das Gottesvolk sein Leben unter Bedingungen gestalten, die alles andere als paradiesisch sind. Das ist zunächst einfach eine nüchtern-realistische Einschätzung der Conditio humana, spitzt sich allerdings in Zeiten des hellenistisch-römischen Kolonialismus zu einem apokalyptischen Lebensgefühl zu, das Welt und Geschichte als weitgehend heilsleer empfindet und Erlösung, Heil und Paradiesesglück nur noch von der messianischen Zukunft erwarten kann. Jesus teilt diese Zukunftserwartung im Wesentlichen, unterscheidet sich allerdings von klassischen Unheilspropheten wie Johannes dem Täufer in einem wichtigen Punkt: Die Gegenwart ist nicht mehr völlig heilsleer. " Wenn ich mit dem Finger Gottes die Dämonen austreibe, dann ist das Königtum Gottes schon bei

- by BiAS Series and +1
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- New Testament, Synoptic Gospels, Capitalism, Sociology of Money

This article proposes a conceptual framework for studying remittances as social transactions that can take a number of different forms. For the past three decades, the dominant framework for understanding remittance relationships has been the continuum of senders' motives from altruism to self-interest. This approach has its roots in economics and has shaped much of the quantitative research on remittances. In parallel, a growing body of ethnographic research has examined transnational money transfers with perspectives and data that differ from those of economists. The insights from these ethnographic studies are valuable, but remain fragmented and marginal in research on remittances. Two key points emerge from the ethnographic literature: Remittances are at the core of composite transactions with material, emotional, and relational elements, and there is great variation in the nature and logic of these transactions. The framework proposed here is designed to engage with both complexity and variation. It systematically draws upon a large body of ethnographic literature and introduces remittance scripts as an analytical tool.

In the 21st century, new forms of money will make possible accumulations of capital several orders of magnitude greater than anything today. In the next century, successful trillionaires will plot to become quadrillionaires. The “wretched, huddled masses” who debark at a space station called New Liberty might be those who scraped together $20 million in cybercredits.

- by Michael Marotta
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- Sociology of Money, Money
- by Hanno Pahl
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- Economic Sociology, Sociological Theory, Sociology of Money
- by David Jancsics
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- Organizational Behavior, Management, Sociology, Criminology

Questo lavoro si vuole, innanzitutto, come un’esplorazione delle origini storiche, sociali, e macroeconomiche della moneta; un’incredibile tecnologia sociale, che, dalla sua apparizione nelle società arcaiche fino alla moderna moneta bancaria, va assimilata per il suo costante carattere contabile, utile alla definizione di debiti e crediti reciproci. Il fine di quest’ampia esplorazione è quello di concettualizzare un completo e rigoroso quadro teorico-concettuale, che ci permetterà, in un secondo tempo e una volta chiarito il ruolo oggettivo e centrale che la moneta riveste nel contesto di un’economia monetaria di produzione, di apportare un’analisi originale e macro-monetaria di concetti apparentemente moderni (e certamente in voga) quali le criptovalute e la blockchain. Dei concetti e una tecnologia definiti da più parti come intrinsecamente inerenti alla moneta e ai mezzi di pagamento – ma che, vedremo in realtà essere costruiti su delle “reliquie monetarie”. Questi strumenti – allo stadio attuale – non hanno alcun legame con la concezione di moneta che difendiamo; e che prendiamo a prestito dalla scuola di pensiero post-keynesiana e dalla macroeconomia quantica. Alla luce delle teorie presentate e delle nostre riflessioni, potremo affermare in modo certo che bitcoin, così come le varie criptovalute costruite a sua immagine e somiglianza, sono profondamente estranee all’idea e al concetto stesso di moneta. Al contrario della moneta – smaterializzata fin dalle società arcaiche – queste criptovalute, sebbene virtuali, portano con sé i chiari segni della teoria monetaria metallista e della problematica concezione fisica attribuita alla moneta dalla teoria neoclassica. Criptovalute, che noi considereremo così unicamente alla pari di strumenti finanziari (ad alto rischio), e senza valore soggiacente. In conclusione, vedremo però come la tecnologia blockchain, se (in parte) ripensata e utilizzata correttamente (seguendo la vera natura della moneta), potrebbe avere delle effettive e interessanti applicazioni anche in campo monetario. Ad esempio, potrebbe servire a veicolare una vera moneta, garante del regolamento finale dei pagamenti internazionali. Una moneta di regolamento internazionale che rappresenterebbe così un primo passo nella direzione della necessaria riduzione dei disfunzionamenti monetari sul piano globale.

- by Gioas Perozzi
- •
- Monetary Economics, Monetary history, Sociology of Money, Money
- by Joe Cribb
- •
- Monetary theory, Numismatics, Monetary history, Sociology of Money

Cos'è la moneta? Essa può essere scarsa?
Cosa fanno le banche quando erogano un prestito?
E la moneta da loro emessa è moneta legale?
Gli Stati dell'area Euro possono adottare un'altra moneta?
Il cosiddetto "bail in" è costituzionale?
Cos'è il reddito di cittadinanza?
Dove sta andando il capitalismo?
Cosa ne pensava Aristotele della moneta?
Questo testo affronta tali questioni con chiarezza e rigore, fornendo
risposte semplici in grado di soddisfare sia i lettori inesperti su tali
tematiche che gli addetti ai lavori. Si tratta di un'analisi condotta alla luce
della Giurisprudenza nonchè degli orientamenti delle massime autorità
monetarie nazionali ed europee, in grado di fornire un valido supporto
tecnico a chiunque si avvicini alla questione monetaria.

- by Davide Storelli
- •
- Monetary Economics, Money and Banking, Monetary history, Sociology of Money

The new designs for the US Paper Money between 1914 and 1918: Federal Reserve Notes and Federal Reserve Bank Notes during the Word War I. Contents:
BEFORE THE FED, THE FED, THE NEW NOTES, 12 BANK SEALS, THE NEW TRADITION, 2 TREASURY SEALS, DATES, FIVE-DOLLAR BILL, TEN-DOLLAR BILL, TWENTY-DOLLAR BILL, FIFTY-DOLLAR BILL, ONE HUNDRED-DOLLAR BILL, ONE-DOLLAR BILL, TWO-DOLLAR BILL, 500BILL,500 BILL, 500BILL,1,000 BILL, 5,000BILL,5,000 BILL, 5,000BILL,10,000 BILL, 4 AUTHORIZATIONS ON THE “FED” PAPER MONEY (1914-1918), FINAL WORDS.

- by Rafael Company
- •
- Finance, History, American History, Cultural History

This article proposes a definition of the concept of "money addiction" in the field of clinical psychology. My practice of psychoanalysis has led me to consider that terms such as " greed " , " greediness " and " avarice " express a moral dimension of what we must identify and define from a psychological point of view as money disorder, and specifically " money addiction " or " money dependence ". Money addiction must be classified in behavioral addictions insofar as it involves activation of the reward system. What first appears as a sign of a positive adaptation from an evolutionist perspective proves to be an invasive disorder as it pervades the personality and affects ordinary life, family relationships, society and the environment. Those aspects will be further discussed in my book to be published, La souffrance des riches, une addiction (The Suffering of the Rich, An Addiction).
Résumé
Cet article propose une définition du concept d'« addiction à l'argent » dans le champ de la psychologie clinique. Ma pratique de la psychanalyse m'a amenée à considérer que des termes comme « avidité », « cupidité » et « avarice » donnent une dimension morale à ce que nous devons identifier et définir d'un point de vue psychologique en tant qu'« addiction à l'argent » ou « dépendance à l'argent ». L'addiction à l'argent doit être classifiée dans les addictions comportementales dans la mesure où elle implique une activation du système de récompense. Ce qui apparaît tout d'abord comme un signe positif d'adaptation dans une perspective évolutionniste, s'avère avoir un caractère envahissant pour la personnalité, affectant la vie ordinaire, les relations avec les proches, la société et l'environnement. Ces aspects seront exposés dans mon livre à paraître, La souffrance des riches, une addiction.

- by Brigitte Minel
- •
- Clinical Psychology, Social Psychology, Sociology of Money
- by Thomas Amadieu
- •
- Gambling Studies, Sociology of Money

The chapter examines the foundational or sociogenic aspect of the gift, as suggested by an Anthropological tradition inaugurated by Mauss' The Gift. The aim is to investigate the possibility of applying this aspect of gifts to money and credit in their modern forms. Three ways to understand the term "gift" are examined in order to extract the deeper sense of the concept: as an unconditional transfer, as a system of distribution, and as "bringing into existence". Mauss' concept of "total social fact" is developed, showing the connection between the three senses of the gift, whereby the sociogenic character of this concept is revealed. The total social fact is a "fleeting instant" when society fills its collective life with sense. They are gift-giving ceremonies, with a foundational property: they found and reassert the meaning whereby interactions in a society occur, and by extension, its institutions. By exploring the foundational aspect of the total social fact, the chapter examines the hypothesis that at the outset and core of any society and institutional framework, there is a collective gesture of gift giving. The chapter concludes by questioning whether the sociogenic import of the gift may be identified in monetary economies. This includes a discussion of the French monetary institutionalists' conceptual framework of "monetary sovereignty" and of Richard Werner's experiment of credit as money issuance by private banks, indicating where the presence of gift-giving as "bringing into existence" and the total social fact can be spotted.

- by Diego Viana
- •
- Economic Sociology, Institutional Economics, Economic Anthropology, Gift Exchange

The human has always prided himself as an exceptional ‘moral species’ but has always been haunted by two questions: ‘Why am I not good when I want to be; ‘why do I do bad when I don’t want to’. This is at the heart of what scriptures and sages have long alluded to as the eternal internal struggle-between good and evil - that wages in the human consciousness.
The book posits that much of our confusion and angst stems from our inability to recognize the ramifications of this ‘war’ between two sides of our own ‘self’. It is because we are ignoring this ‘war’ between two sides of our own ‘self’. It is because we are ignoring this war that we are losing all other wars of the world. That ignorance is the primary source of all the horrors, malevolence, and violence that fill us with so much dread. But a ‘favorable’ outcome is possible only if the forces of goodness are aided to get an upper hand consistently - and that calls for two cathartic changes: consciousness-change by inducing a turn from the mind to the heart; and contextual-change, by radically reconstructing the roles of morality, money, and mortality in our everyday lives. The book offers a menu of insights and options we all can use to tilt the scales in the war waging inside each of us.

- by Bhimeswara Challa
- •
- Psychology, Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Humanities
- by Fox Release
- •
- Foreign Direct Investment, Sociology of Money, Física, Investing

Modern sosyolojinin kurucusu sayılan sosyolog ve düşünür Georg Simmel birçok disiplinde günümüz dünyasına ışık tutacak inceleme ve araştırmalar yapmış ve bu anlamda çok yönlü bir düşünür haline gelmiştir. Bilinçli ya da bilinçsiz bir şekilde bir araya gelmiş, birbirlerini direkt ya da dolaylı bir şekilde etkileyen bireylerin oluşturduğu ‘’toplum’’ u baz alarak çalışmalarına devam eden Simmel için katıksız bir şekilde, hiçbir değişim yaşamadan toplumun aynı kalması imkansız görünmektedir.
Simmel’in ‘’para’’ temalı birçok çalışmasının bulunması ve bu konuda çağdaşlarından daha fazla araştırma yapıp üzerine düşünmesi akıllara ‘’Neden paraya bu kadar değer verdi?’’ sorusunu getirmiştir. Simmel para kavramının ve onun gündelik hayatta kullanımının yarattığı toplumsal hayata olan etkilerini konu edinmiş, modernitenin çözümlenmesi ve bunun üzerinden modern yaşam kuramları üretmenin mümkün olabileceğini savunmuştur.
Kendisi de bir metropol insanı olan Simmel için modern dünyada özgürleşmenin önkoşulu bireyin kendini bağlayan şeylerden uzak kalmasıdır. Betimlemiş olduğu metropol insanı türlerinin en öne çıkanı ‘’yabancı’’ kavramı olan Simmel metropolü de her türlü kişisel hayatı gölgeleyen bir kültürün hakiki yurdu olarak tanımlamıştır. Kentin insanlarının hem akıllı hem de duygusal varlıklar olarak etkileşimde bulunmaları gerektiğini savunmuştur.
Bu çalışmamızda zamanında değeri bir türlü anlaşılamamış ama günümüz modern hayatına ve sosyolojisine ışık tutmuş olan Simmel’in hayatını, sosyolojisini, önemli kavram ve fikirleriyle modernite olgusuna nasıl yeni boyut bulmaya çalıştığını cevaplamaya çalışacağız.

- by hatice arslan
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- Sociology, Social Theory, Modernity, Sociology of Money
- by Peter van Alfen and +4
- •
- Economic History, Classical Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Numismatics

In this chapter, I describe one part of the strange and fateful symmetry between art and money, focusing on how this entanglement has evolved through the advance of financialization. I have selected the six works by radical artists from two key moments of crisis in the history of financialization: 1973 and 2008. All six directly engage with money, either as a tangible medium or as a prompt for artistic, political and cultural critique and invention. By critically examining this work, we can see how artists understand the broader economic conditions in which they find themselves, gain an understanding of those conditions, and trace the fate of money itself. Artists like these seize upon the contradiction with which I opened this chapter: under late capitalism money and art appear as sworn enemies but in fact share deep affinities. It is these affinities that give money-art, and especially radical money-art, its aesthetic and its critical heft. Such approaches are especially important today, in our moment of financialization.

- by Max Haiven
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- Cultural Studies, Art History, Cultural Theory, Imagination
- by Camilo Vargas
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- Business, Marketing, Business Administration, International Marketing

The understanding of one’s own societal and historical conditions of conscious-ness and knowledge was the core idea of critique in the first generation of Critical Theory. Its program can be summarised as the aim to unite social and epistemological critique. Although it is possible to apply this approach to the program of Critical Theory in general, it was primarily Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno who characterised its realisation. First, the paper will look at the idea of critique in general will show its aim to combine social, epistemological and economical critique and to understand this as society’s self-critique. Second, it will show how the idea of society’s self-critique points to its self-mediation and how the mediation of subject-object as formulated in German Idealism, especially in Kant and Hegel, is used for a “materialist socialising” and “negative turn” of this mediation in Marx’ Critique of the Political Economy. Finally, it takes a closer look at the crucial kernel of this critique: the mediation that constitutes a specific capitalist objectivity and a corresponding subjectivity.

- by Frank Engster
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- Critical Theory, Epistemology, Marxism, Theodor Adorno

5 Sohn-Rethel, Alfred (1978) Intellectual and Manual Labour: A Critique of Epistemology; 45. 3 economy, that is, "to enable it to serve as the equivalent to every kind of commodity that may appear on the market." 6 Money is clearly not abstract in the sense that, say, a theoretical construction is abstract. Let us take a summary of the way that the commonplace 'abstract' (usually as a pejorative) is opposed to the 'concrete':

- by Joel Winder
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- Critical Theory, Marxism, Marxist theory, Sociology of Money

We conceptualize the emergence and spread of monies in society based on the metaphor of a game actors learn to play which is grounded by the emergence of institutions supporting this game. Based on this approach, Bitcoin is viewed as an emerging money game shaped by different groups and interests pitted against other established money games played in society. We find that the Bitcoin money game has been evolving since its inception, moving through three different phases: a confrontational phase following the inception of Bitcoin, a phase of horizontal integration with incumbent firms and merchants, and a phase of an emerging vertical integration with powerful state actors. While claims about Bitcoin's antagonism towards the incumbents of the financial system are not entirely unwarranted, private firms and government agencies have significantly contributed to the shaping of the Bitcoin money game even to this day. Contesting the idea of Bitcoin as a merely disruptive force, we offer a re-reading of the evolution of Bitcoin up to date which points out that Bitcoin might end up fortifying the position of the central money games in society whose power it was meant to challenge.

- by Moritz Hütten and +1
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- Economic Sociology, Money and Banking, Sociology of Money, Money
- by Ezequiel Gatto
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- Future Studies, Political Economy, Technology, Improvisation