Technical Progress Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks contain fluid flow plates, generally known as bipolar plates; which are traditionally made from graphite based materials. Brittleness of graphite enforces manufacturers to fabricate bipolar plates in great thicknesses which severely reduce the stack's power to weight ratio. Therefore, recently the use of low permeability open pore metallic foams has been attended. This survey is focused on development of powder metallurgy method to manufacture copper foams for use as bipolar plates. After three-point flexural tests and air permeability measurements, it was shown that powder metallurgy method based on using space holder agent has high capability to produce functionally graded foams in order to substitute conventional stack fluid field plates.

2025

We present the status of the industrial fabrication of 1.3 GHz TESLA-type cavities for the LSLC-II project. After successful transfer of the cavity nitrogen-doping technology to industry in the first procurement phase, the cavity serial... more

2025, Abhiyantran Shastra The Mega Journal of Engineering

The relationship between Science, Engineering, Technology, Mathematics and Arts is the fulcrum of the modern human species. Technology, that is de ned by tools and craft developed by human species has always evolved through the manipulation of fundamental units of nature including living and non-living things. This paper introduces the concept of QANG (Quantum Bits, Atoms, Neurons, and Genes) as the four foundational technologies that de ne the future of human evolution and as a space-faring civilizations. We explore how these domains interact, the role of arti cial intelligence, and the implications for biotechnology, cognitive science, and space exploration in the evolution of the human species. The QANG convergence will ultimately bring to reality, the ctional ideas and concepts that have been envisioned over centuries.

2025, Resource and Energy Economics

This paper studies energy bias in technical change (TC). We develop a computable general equilibrium model that builds on endogenous growth models. More specifically, we incorporate theoretical modeling framework and specify TC in four ways. First, R&D firms decide whether or not to enter markets for knowledge capital (innovation). Firms can choose between markets for knowledge capital appropriate for production of energy-intensive goods or non-energy intensive goods -both characterized by monopolistic competition. Second, producers decide upon adoption of these two types of knowledge capital (diffusion). Third, there is feedback between these phases of TC. Learning-by-doing, learning-by-using, and network externalities, among others, underlie such feedback. Finally, knowledge stocks built up in the specific intermediate sectors spill over to the respective production sectors as well. Thus, the model explicitly captures links between energy, the rate and direction of TC, and the economy. We subsequently derive the equilibrium determinants of biased TC and illustrate the model with simulations, in which we reduce the number of allocated emission rights associated to energy use. We find that feedback in TC, substitution possibilities between final goods, and general equilibrium effects are key determinants of the equilibrium bias in TC. We confirm Acemoglu's finding that TC is biased toward the relatively abundant good (non-energy intensive) if the final goods are gross substitutes and that TC is biased toward the relatively scarce good (energy intensive) if the final goods are gross complements. However, in our CGE setting we find that the usual substitution effect reinforces the market size effect causing an equilibrium bias in TC toward the non-energy intensive good even when both goods are gross complements. If, and only if, the substitution effect is absent is the price effect strong enough to outweigh the market-size effect. The equilibrium bias toward the non-energy intensive good is more pronounced if positive feedback occurs in TC. If both goods are very close substitutes, or if the positive feedback effect is strong, or both, the model can yield a corner solution in which only knowledge capital is developed and manufactured that is appropriate for production of the non-energy intensive good. All this is of public concern. The more substitution possibilities exist between the final goods, the less the environmental policy reduces welfare and the rate of TC. If the substitution elasticity is sufficiently large, or the positive feedback is strong enough, or both, environmental policy might even raise the rate of TC in the non-energy intensive sector relative to the reference. Regarding the positive feedback in TC, a case for policy intervention arises as social returns to R&D diverge from the private returns since such feedback is external to agents' decision-making. If feedback effects differ between sectors these intervention should be directed towards specific sectors.

2025

This paper is an exposition of the theoretical Cobb-Douglas production function, showing how Philippine growth patterns and productivity are compared with other ASEAN countries. The derivation of the aggregates of growth and productivity highlights the development of Cobb-Douglas production function as espoused by Samuelson. Data consideration follows Cobb and Douglas theoretical limits. Extension of the derivation is the empirically tested Solow Growth model. Cobb-Douglas production used in this paper is extended with Human capital. The interest on this section is the estimates of absolute levels of TFP as residuals that are closely related to levels of output per person. GDP growth is highly affected by technical or technological growth, aside from growth drawn from physical capital, labor and human capital. Singapore has a very low relative growth drawn from its physical capital, labor and human capital, but it has coped up through the industrialization it has experienced. Philip...

2025

150 www.erpublication.org  Abstract— This work presents fluidization characteristics of Tongo gypsum, crushed and ground, particle sizes in a ’cold’ fluidized bed combustor. Fluidization experiment was carried out in a test rig that consists of centrifugal fan, fluidized bed combustor, air suction blower, cyclone and filter. During the experiment, air flow rate and particle sizes were varied while quantity of Tongo gypsum particles collected were weighed. The aerodynamic parameters such as minimum fluidization velocity, Reynolds number, terminal velocity and fluidization velocity were deduce from the experiment using empirical corelations and fluid mechanics equations. The result of minimum fluidization velocity for gypsum particles size of 0.3 mm was 0.12 m/s. The Reynolds number obtained for Tongo gypsum particle size of 0.3 mm was 2.143 while 2.41 m/s and 0.681 m/s were obtained for terminal velocity and fluidization velocity, respectively. Tongo gypsum particle sizes range of 0...

2025

The purpose of this paper is twofold: on the one hand is to discuss Ricardo's version of the labour theory of value; and on the other hand, is to analyse some crucial aspects of Ricardo's theory of taxation as an extension and further elaboration of his theory of value. This discussion is illustrated with the use of a formal model based on a generalisation of Ricardo's numerical examples. The claim that the paper raises is that Ricardo's analysis of taxation is a kind of a comparative statics exercise, where the real wage, the state of technology and the level of output are taken as givens. Furthermore, it is shown that Ricardo's claim that money's role in the presence of taxation of profits is not neutral becomes questionable, when various feedback effects are accounted for.

2025

LIVER ÄççÄãõ ïàêìêÉàóÖëäéâ ÉÖèÄíéãéÉàà ÚÓÏ 6 ‹ 1 2001 * Eight other patients (8/144; 4.16%) died in the emergency department before any surgical operation could be attempted. All six had, among other lesions, hepatic lesion confirmed at... more

2025, Pediatric Radiology

Approximately one fourth of cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occur during childhood and children are more prone than their adult counterparts to have severe disease at presentation. To investigate these diseases MR imaging is no longer an emerging tool. Numerous reviews and articles have been published on this topic underlying the advances of imaging but also the complexity and the financial impact on management of such diseases. In children it seems reasonable to consider US as the first imaging examination to perform, especially when the diagnosis of IBD is unknown. However, we believe that recent and future technical progress, especially the ability of MR to display reproducible data, and the need for gold standard evaluation of new medical therapies will increase the role of MR enterography.

2025, Energy Economics

The research program of the Center for Economic Studies (CES) produces a wide range of economic analyses to improve the statistical programs of the U.S. Census Bureau. Many of these analyses take the form of CES research papers. The papers have not undergone the review accorded Census Bureau publications and no endorsement should be inferred. Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau. All results have been reviewed to ensure that no confidential information is disclosed. Republication in whole or part must be cleared with the authors. To obtain information about the series, see www.census.gov/ces or contact J. David Brown, Editor,

2025, Revue économique

A moyen terme, les évolutions de la productivité industrielle dépendent non seulement de la croissance de la demande (loi dite de Kaldor-Verdoorn) mais aussi des rythmes d'accumulation et d'innovations techniques. On estime, sur la période 1960-1976, dans six pays européens (RFA, France, Italie, Pays-Bas, Belgique, Royaume-Uni), un modèle à cinq équations montrant l'importance relative de ces différents déterminants.

2025

This paper presents the Analytical Hierarchy Process as a potential decision making method for the evaluation of implementation of WEEE management systems. The proposed model is based on the analysis of political, economical, social, technical and environmental issues that may affect a successful implementation of WEEE management systems. The proposed model can help WEEE managers to understand more closely the decisive factors implied in the implementation of WEEE management systems.

2025, Energy

we use the Cob&Douglas equation to investigate economic growth, we require data on the levels of the capital and labor inputs, and corresponding data on the level of output, at different points in time. We conclude that the inclusion of energy in the standard Cobb Douglas production function does not explain the contribution of technological process (Hicksneutral) to a rise in the rate of output unless, possibly, one is able to make the seemingly unreasonable assumption that labor should not appear in the production function. An interesting future project will be a statistical analysis of the historic trend in GNP, a technological change and the consumption of available energy.

2025

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2025, PubMed

The purpose of this study is to perform quantitative measurement based on the standardized uptake value (SUV) of the uptake of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in the normal vertebrae using a single photon emission tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) scanner. A retrospective study of patients with cancer or joint disorders was performed. We acquired data for a group of 29 patients (8 women and 21 men; mean age, 68.2 ± 6.7 years; age range, 44-87 years) undergoing bone SPECT/CT scans with Tc-99m MDP between September and October 2015. Various SUVs were calculated based on body-weight, lean-body-weight (lbw), Japanese lean-body-weight (jlbw) and Japanese bone-mineral-content (jbmc). SUVs of normal vertebrae showed a wide range of values. Among these, the maximum body-weight based SUV showed the lowest coefficient of variation. The SUVs also showed relatively small intra-subject variability. In addition, all SUVs showed moderate and significant correlation with height. Moreover, lbw-, jlbw-, and jbmc-based SUVs of men were significantly higher than those of women. In conclusions, SUVs of normal vertebrae showed a relatively large inter-individual variability and small intra-individual variability. As a quantitative imaging biomarker, SUVs might require standardization with adequate reference data for the same subject to minimize variability.

2025, European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery

Objective: Sleeve lobectomy represents an effective and widely accepted surgical therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We sought to review our experience in terms of mortality, early and late morbidity, and long-term survival evaluating the technical progresses overtime. Material and methods: From 1980 to 2005, 199 patients underwent sleeve lobectomy. Pathology revealed 167 (83.9%) squamous carcinomas, 23 (11.6%) adenocarcinomas, 7 (3.5%) large cell and 2 (1%) adenosquamous carcinomas. In 39 (19.6%) patients a vascular procedure was associated. Nineteen (9.5%) patients had preoperative radiotherapy, 14 (7%) preoperative chemotherapy and 10 (5%) chemoradiotherapy. Results: Overall postoperative mortality was 4.5% (n = 9) and morbidity was 17.9% (n = 34). Preoperative radiotherapy was identified as a significant risk factor for perioperative mortality (OR: 5.34, 95% CI: 1.16-24.47; p = 0.03) and early anastomotic complications (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.01-13.68; p = 0.04). Overall 5-year survival rate was 39.7% and stage-by-stage analysis did not reach a significant survival difference. With growing skills the number of procedures, associated angioplasty and difficult sleeves (such as sleeve bilobectomy) increased. Also in term of mortality, in the last 10 years we had 0.8% of mortality rate. Conclusions: Sleeve lobectomy is a safe and effective therapy for selected patients with NSCLC. Vascular procedures and the use of induction chemotherapy did not increase mortality and morbidity; otherwise, the use of preoperative radiotherapy is not recommended. Overtime trend showed a significant lower mortality in the last period. This emphasises the importance of a learning curve and encourages the performance of this procedure in experienced centres.

2025

In this research we examine the capitalization process in the UE-15 with the aim to establish if the evolution manteined in the last two decades for the public and educational capital and its distribution have conditioned the technical efficiency of the European economies. In the analysis we use the frontier function approach that allows to consider an inefficiency use of the productive factors. Specially, we employ the parametric stochastic frontier model from Battese and Coelly (1995) to explore the determinants of the technical efficiency. The results show that larger endowments of public capital and education may facilitate the access to productive activity to the levels of the more efficient members. We also find a limit to the capacity of introducing improvements in the use of productive factors, and it is related to private capital. Then, if the increase of public capital does not lead to an optimal distribution of this factor, the effect on efficiency will be negative.

2025

The ship hull strength deviations due to tolerances of rolled steel products based on commonly adopted standards are presented,

2025, Evidence Based Library and Information Practice

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

This paper contributes to the literature on both embodied technical progress and firm dynamics, by formulating an endogenous growth model where selection and imitation play a fundamental role in helping capital good producers to learn about the productivity of technologies embodied in new plants. By calibrating the model to some key aggregates particularly relevant for the embodied capital literature, among them the growth rate of the relative investment price, the model quantitatively replicates the main facts associated to firm dynamics, such as the entry rate and the tail index of the establishment size distribution. In line with the previous literature, it also predicts a contribution to productivity growth of embodied technical progress and selection of around 60%.

2025

In this paper, we build up a general equilibrium model explicitly incorporating Schumpeterian growth à la Aghion and Howitt (1992) and a vintage capital structure in line with . Technological progress is embodied. We show that the investment rate is a fundamental determinant of the profitability of R&D in contrast to the R&D based growth models with disembodied technical progress. We characterize the balanced growth paths and point at the possible existence of multiple equilibria due to the strategic complementarity between investment and R&D activities. More importantly, the embodiment hypothesis is shown to give rise to a precise modernization mechanism through investment and the average age of capital. The modernization effects of investment may well balance the typical obsolescence costs inherent to embodiment, a result that should be of interest in the current debate on the viability of the current information technology boom as a long run growth regime.

2025

Les transformations de l'infrastructure economique et ses rapports avec l'Etat au Venezuela entre 1908 et 2008 constituent l'objet general de cette these. Il s'agit de proposer un cadre d'interpretation general de l'histoire economique nationale consideree dans ses liens avec le capitalisme mondial et dans sa specificite propre. Les forces qui structurent le mode de reproduction de l'economie venezuelienne ne different guere de celles valables pour les economies peripheriques en generale. La constitution et la hierarchisation de l'economie mondiale capitaliste apparait comme la determination la plus generale : les transformations des processus de production des pays du Centre et, leur correlat, la division internationale du travail imposee a l'ensemble du monde balisent le processus d'accumulation a l'echelle mondiale. Toutefois, bien que l'evolution de l'economie mondiale capitaliste soit la meme pour tous, les reponses economique...

2025, Conferința "Educaţia lingvistică şi literară în contextul dezvoltării valorilor general-umane"

În articol se remarcă importanța creației lui Ray Bradbury care avertizează și ne aduce aminte despre efectele distrugătoare a războaielor, bombardamentelor atomice de la Hiroșhima și Nagasaki. Problematica operei August 2026: vor veni ploi blânde de Ray Bradbury constă în distrugerea naturii și a lumii de către om, consecințele teribile ale acestui fenomen. Autorul a mai abordat și subiectul „fără suflet” a sistemelor automate, mecanismelor robotizate care nu pot înlocui niciodată Omul. Oamenii sunt importanți, însă activitatea lor poate duce la distrugerea lumii.

2025

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2025, Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration

This issue of Minerals & Metallurgical Processing is dedicated to Dr. Richard R. Klimpel. May we honor the Renaissance man who built a career out of generating diverse new processing technology and whose important intellectual gifts to the mineral-processing industry have proven invaluable. The mineral-processing industry lost one of its new-age pioneers when Richard R. Klimpel, renowned scientist, died November 4, 1998, at the age of 59. He is weil known for reapplying the fundamentals of mineral processing in a refreshingly unique and novel manner. His loss will be deeply feit. He is survived by his wife Charlene and his sons Richard and Steven. Klimpel was born in Billings, MT, on September 23, 1939. He grew up in Montana, North Dakota and Minnesota, where he was an avid rock collector. In high school, he earned all-state recognition forfootball. He earned a B.S. in chemistry and mathematics, an M.S. in mathematics and statistics and a Ph.D. in material science and applied mathematics. In 1964, Klimpel began a 31-year career at Dow Chemical Co., where he held a variety of technology management positions. He held the company's highest technical position, senior research scientist, during his last ten years with Dow. Klimpel retired from Dow Chemical in 1995 to form his own consulting company, RK Associates. He has authored six books and over 100 journal articles, and he was granted at least 40 US patents. His most prominent work was with mathematical modeling of engineering and economic systems, applied chemical engineering, size-reduction process analysis and scale up, frbth flotation, optimizatlon techniques applied to engineering systems and the use of chemieals in mineral processing. Klimpel's industrial contributions are widely recognized. During 1988, he received the SME Distinguished Member award and the AlME Robert H. Richards Award. He was named the Michigan inventor of the year, and he received the inventor of the year award from Dow in 1989 and 1991. In 1992, he was selected as the Henry Krumb Distinguished Lecturer. In 1994, he was honored with SME's Antoine M. Gaudin Award for his work in froth flotation and new reagent identification. He became known as the "Apostle of Flotation." During 1997, he served as President of SME. Klimpel was able to focus on industrial problems and discover the simplest, most understandable complete solution. He was able to incorporate new knowledge in an established field. This lead to the sculpting of novel ways of thinking about mineral processing. He constantly provided the intellectual tools that the industry required to move forward. He had a wondertully contagious optimism that influenced everyone that was fortunate enough to meet him. He was a warm, extremely bright shooting star that burned out too fast. He will be missed dearly by his family, friends and colleagues.

2025

The reduction of sulfur oxides from high sulfur coal burning utility companies has resulted in the production of huge quantities of wet flue-gas desulfurization scrubber sludge. A typical 400 MW power station burning a coal containing 3.5% sulfur by weight and using a limestone absorbent would produce approximately 177,000 tons (dry weight) of scrubber sludge per year. This brownish colored, finely divided material contains calcium sulfite (CaS03"l/2H20), calcium sulfate (CaS04"2H20), unreacted limestone (CaC03), and various other impurities such as fly-ash and iron oxide particles. The physical separation of the components of scrubber sludge would result in the re-use of this material. The primary use would be conversion to a highly pure synthetic gypsum. This technical report concentrates on the effect of baffle configuration on the separation of calcium sulfite/sulfate from limestone. The position of the baffles as they related to the feed inlet, and the quantity of the baffles were examined. A clean calcium sulfite/sulfate (less than 2.0~0 limestone by weight) was achieved with the combination of water-only cyclone and horizontally baffled column.

2025, Chinese Geographical Science

2025

This practice abstract summarises how to develop a self-sustaining agroforestry family farm in an area that has been partially abandoned for decades, partly under arable farming.

2025, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

Given recent concerns expressed about the structural transformation of agriculture and the health of the family farm this study provides a measure of the economic health of small and large farms at the state level. We use nonparametric frontier methods to measure and explain changes in the efficiency, productivity, and technological change of U.S. farms, employing USDA's annual 1996 to 1999 surveys of farms. Our results for the corn and cotton states analyzed identify particularly weak economic performance of small farms in Iowa, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin and of large farms in Missouri, Oklahoma, and South Carolina. Our results also indicate strong performance of small farms in several states. Thus, these results give policy makers a more detailed and up to date view of the overall economic health of the agricultural sector in the states analyzed than has previously been possible with aggregate state level analyses.

2025

While the growing importance of off-farm earnings suggests large benefits accrue to farmers from efforts to expand off-farm income opportunities, survival still depends on greater efficiency. To comprehensively gauge the economic health of farm operator households we interpret off-farm income as an output along with corn, soybeans, livestock, and other crops. To accomplish this task we use two related methodologies. First, using 2000 data, we setup a multiactivity cost function to analyze labor allocation decisions within the farm operator household and also to estimate returns to scale and scope. Second, using 1996-2000 data, we follow an input distance function approach to estimate returns to scale, technical progress, cost economies, and technical efficiency--and compare the relative performance of farm operator households with and without off-farm wages and salaries. Our preliminary results suggest that over our sample period, scale economies are a primary factor driving up farm...

2025

Effective remediation of flue gas produced by an oxy-fuel coal combustion process has been proven at bench scale in the course of cooperative research between USDOE's Albany Research Center (ARC) and Jupiter Oxygen Corporation. All combustion gas pollutants were captured, including CO 2 which was compressed to a liquefied state suitable for sequestration. Current laboratory-scale research and the future of combined oxy-fuel/IPR systems are discussed. *330 ton/hr O 2 *153 ton/hr #6 Illinois Old Ben mine 26 coal

2025

a bituminous coal has been studied by means of a 140mm I D fluidized-bed combustor under variable excess air factor, bed temperature, fluidizing velocity and size of bed sand and coal. Results indicate that rates of attrited fines are roughly proportional to excess of gas velocity above the minimum for fluidization and bed carbon exposed surface. Attrition rate constant is affected by size of sand and, to a less extent, and particularly with finer coal, by bed temperature.

2025, Journal of Productivity Analysis

Adopting homothetic variable returns to scale functional specifications, this study identifies the returns to scale in the aggregate production functions of four East Asian newly industrialized economies-Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwanand the Group of Five economies based on a maximum likelihood estimation. The study finds evidence of increasing returns in the early developmental stage of the East Asian economies. Separating out the scale contribution from the non-scale factor contributions, the decomposition of the sources of East Asian economic growth differs significantly from the conventional constant returns to scale results, indicating that the role of technical progress is overestimated when constant returns to scale is assumed.

2024

This thesis studies different aspects of job matching, mismatch, and their relationship with aggregate unemployment. The first part addresses the question of the structural rise in the unemployment rate in OECD countries by looking at the link between sectoral shocks and aggregate performance in an economy with heterogeneous labour. The type of sectoral shock considered in chapter 2 is the introduction of skill-biased technologies, that increase the relative demand for skilled labour at the expenses of the less-skilled. Unless the supply of skills adjusts accordingly to the increased demand, and/or relative wages are perfectly flexible, this shock has permanent effects on the aggregate unemployment rate, as shown in a non-competitive labour market model with skilled and unskilled workers. The calibration of this model predicts that a relevant proportion of the recent rise in British unemployment can be attributed to an unbalanced evolution in the demand and the supply of skills, while in continental Europe skill imbalances do not seem responsible for serious labour market problems. Finally, the impact of skill mismatch on US unemployment was limited in magnitude and almost completely offset by counter acting forces. The second part of the work uses a job-search approach to investigate the technical characteristics of the matching process between vacancies and unemployed job-seekers. Chapter 3 reviews the empirical search literature that has estimated hiring functions, concluding that recent work has successfully established the existence of a labour mar ket matching function, in which both vacancies and unemployed workers contribute significantly to job formation. Chapter 4 considers a plausible alternative to a random meeting technology between employers and job-seekers, based on the existence of cheap information channels that save all traders the effort of locating matching partners. When combined with a proper handling of timing in the matching technology, this set-up provides novel results on the recent performance of the British labour market. In particular, it seems that the claimed deterioration of the search effectiveness of the unemployed cannot be explained by a lack of search effort per se, but by stronger competition that the registered unemployed face by other labour market segments. Chapter 5 provides an analysis of the matching process at the micro level, using individual duration data obtained from a British sample of unemployment entrants. The determinants of re-employment probabilities are here related to a search model in which transitions into employment depend on the probability of receiving a job offer and that of accepting a job offer. The analysis shows that the hypothesis of constant returns to scale in the matching technology, embodied in most bilateral search models, is not rejected by the data. Individual re-employment probabilities respond in fact to local labour market tightness, and axe unaffected by its size.

2024, Économie & prévision

4744_1997_num_129_3_5878 Résumé Expliquer la croissance des dépenses de santé : le rôle du niveau de vie et du progrès technique par Yannick L'Horty, Alain Quinet et Frédéric Rupprecht Afin d'expliquer la progression des dépenses de santé en France sur longue période, on procède en premier lieu à un survol des études empiriques existantes en traitant plus particulièrement deux questions : la santé est-elle un bien supérieur ? Dans quelle mesure des facteurs d'offre et en particulier le progrès technique médical, contribuent-il à l'accroissement des dépenses de soins ? Dans un deuxième temps, on estime une fonction de dépenses de santé sur séries temporelles en France entre 1970 et 1995. Les dépenses de santé apparaissent très sensibles à l'évolution du niveau de vie, mesuré par le PIB par tête qui expliquerait près des deux cinquièmes de leur progression. L'élasticité prix des dépenses de santé en France s'avère également assez élevée même lorsque l'on prend en compte la prise en charge de ces dépenses par le système de protection sociale. Le progrès technique médical exerce également une influence significative. Les conditions démographiques et le vieillissement de la population n'auraient eu qu'une influence marginale.

2024, The Pakistan Development Review

Technical change has been considered as one of the most important determinants of economic growth. In developed economies, a proportionately higher percentage of GDP growth is attributable to technological progress and technical efficiency. However, technical change in developing countries is in its early stages and increased use of factor inputs is still the dominant source of economic growth. An attempt has been made in this paper to analyse technological progress and technical efficiency and their contribution to economic growth along with other factors of production by using more efficient methods in the manufacturing and agriculture sectors of Pakistan. There are a few studies on technological growth and technical efficiency change in Pakistan but they suffer from certain limitations. Most of them use the terms of technical change and productivity synonymously. Further, all of them use Hicks’s formula of neutral technical change and assume that technical change is happening at ...

2024

A concrete alternative economy has been developing in Brazil since the end of the 1980s, which involves both country and city workers and is based on the structuring of solidary economic enterprises (SEE), in which selfdeveloped popular cooperatives stand out. This alternative economy has brought with it new challenges, among them the need for ongoing technical, administrative and political education as a fundamental element in the search for equilibrium between social and economic issues. This article analyzes the Solidary Economy in Brazil, particularly from the standpoint of the challenges faced by the cooperative agrarian reform of the Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST). Starting from the historical process in which landless workers began to organize, agrarian cooperation has become an important tool for the workers' settlements. On the other hand, the reality of the capitalist economy has obliged cooperative workers to adopt administrative tools that contribute towa...

2024, Social Science Research Network

We develop a method for decomposing countries' observed export prices into quality versus quality-adjusted-price components using information contained in their trade balances. Holding observed export prices constant, countries with surpluses are inferred to offer higher quality than countries running deficits. Our method accounts for variation in trade balances induced by horizontal and vertical differentiation. We use our method to examine manufacturing product quality among the world's top exporters from 1989 to 2003. We find that the initial quality gap between high-and low-income countries is smaller than their initial income gap, and that the former narrows considerably faster over time.

2024, EcoMod2012

This paper presents a dynamic Overlapping Generations Computable General Equilibrium (OLG-CGE) model of Scotland. The model is used to examine the impact of population ageing on the labour market. More specifically, it is used to evaluate the effects of labour force decline and labour force ageing on key macroeconomic variables. The second effect is assumed to operate through age-specific productivity and labour force participation. In the analysis, particular attention is paid to how population ageing impinges on the government expenditure constraint. The basic structure of the model follows in the Auerbach and Kotlikoff tradition. However, the model takes into consideration directly age-specific mortality. This is analogous to "building in" a cohort-component population projection structure to the model, which allows more complex and more realistic demographic scenarios to be considered.

2024, RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

The sources of "total factor productivity (TFP) growth" or the "Solow residual" typically remain unknown as a residual. This paper aims to identify the underlying sources of this residual growth, being explicit about micro underpinnings and transitional growth from occupation choices of heterogeneous agents and financial deepening in use of both macro and micro data. We develop a method of growth accounting that decomposes not only the overall growth but also the residual TFP growth into four components: occupational shifts, financial deepening, capital heterogeneity, and sectoral Solow residuals. Applying this method to Thailand, which experienced rapid growth with enormous structural changes for the two decades between 1976 and 1996, we find that 55 percent of TFP growth can be explained on average by occupational shifts and financial deepening, without presuming exogenous technical progress. Expansion of credit is a major part of this explained TFP growth. Decomposition of the simulation helps us to infer that for the remainder TFP growth, capital-heterogeneity effect is behind during the initial period (1976-1980) while sectoral Solow residuals, due to the surge of wage after 1986, is behind during the latter decade (1986-1996). JEL Classification: O47, O16, J24, D31.

2024

This is the Technical Progress Report for the twelfth quarter of activities under DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-94PC93054. It covers the period April 1 through June 30, 1997. Described in this report are the following activities: 0 Thirty-nine samples from foul-run conditions of HTI Run PB-07 were received. Appropriate samples were characterized by proton NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vacuum distillation, and solvent quality tests. The University of Delaware completed their subcontract this quarter. A meeting was held on April 30, 1997 at the University to close out the subcontract. Twelve sets of samples were chosen from the CONSOL sample bank for the study of the insoluble and presumed unreactive material from process stream samples. Each set consists of the whole process stream and the 454 "C+ (850 O F + > distillation resid derived from that process stream. Processing data for all samples were compiled. The samples represent four Wilsonville pilot plant runs and two HTI runs.

2024, International Journal of Global Environmental Issues

des subventions et mandats obtenus par ses équipes de recherche. CIRANO is a private non-profit organization incorporated under the Québec Companies Act. Its infrastructure and research activities are funded through fees paid by member... more