Transport Networks Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Transportation Studies, Transport Networks
- by Reza Vaez-Ghaemi
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- Optical Networks, Transport Networks
- by Reza Vaez-Ghaemi
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- Optical Networking, WDM Optical Networks, Transport Networks

Despite its longstanding preeminence as one of the earliest, largest, and most complex urban centers of highland Mexico, Teotihuacan’s pan-regional impact on Mesoamerica remains the subject of intense debate and conflicting models centering on the rise of social complexity in the American hemisphere. Therefore, this study seeks to address the interplay and operationalization of resource concentration, multiethnic mosaics, and corporate interaction and inter-elite conflict within and beyond the context of the preindustrial metropolis of Teotihuacan. Findings from this review predictably indicate that the ancient highland polity was borne of but one of a host of Late Formative compound chiefdoms situated in the Basin of Mexico, albeit on a semiarid plain that necessitated the formation of an incipient managerial elite devoted to the management of the region’s hydraulic resources. While water management per se may be construed an initial stimulus to the formation of sociopolitical complexity in the highlands, the authors contend that this fact alone did not distinguish Teotihuacan, or for that matter, render it a competitive advantage over other early polities of the region. Its uniqueness, they argue, was borne of (a) its strategic location proximate to both major obsidian deposits and a highland transport network to the Gulf lowlands, (b) a pattern of recurrent demographic restructuring occasioned by the cataclysmic eruptions of Popocatépetl, Malinche, and Xitle, (c) the formation of multiethnic mosaics and foreign enclaves both within and beyond the metropolis as a result of the two foregoing conditions, and by extension, (d) the emergence of multiethnic corporate groups dedicated to commerce and industry centered on Teotihuacan. In an effort to fully interrogate the extant evidence for the evolution of social complexity in the Basin of Mexico, the authors extend the analysis to those findings bearing on the troubled times of the Late Middle Classic/Epiclassic decline, collapse, and destruction of the ancient metropolis and its far flung outposts. In the final analysis, a review of that evidence bearing on the question of what ultimately became of Teotihuacan in the wake of its disintegration reveals a pattern of escalating internal conflict, militarization, and a balkanization and recapitulation of the constituent multiethnic mosaics that defined the cosmopolitan and multicultural origins of the metropolis from the outset.

- by Jennifer A Lucido and +1
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- Ancient History, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Art History

This article is an overview of the work that has been conducted so far on river usage and nautical technology in the history of Angkor, and a discussion on how maritime approaches can contribute to the creation of new knowledge by opening new lines of research that can help us reconstruct a more nuanced view of Angkor's fluvial history. Although Angkor's connection to the river network was made in the early 20th century, the compartmentalized studies that have been carried out so far on the subject of Angkor's relationship to its watery environment have resulted in interpretations that do not reflect the complexity of the subject. It will be argued here that archaeologists who do not integrate maritime approaches in studies of cultures like

- by Veronica Walker-Vadillo
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- Maritime Archaeology, Rivers, Cambodian History, Angkor
- by Beatriz Tova
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- Transport Networks

Bien que s'imposant comme une évidence, la définition de l'île ne s'appliquerait-elle qu'à l'espace topographique ? L'insularisation des espaces continentaux est-elle également possible dans un espace topologique, notamment du fait des réseaux de transports ? Pour répondre à cette question, la démarche procède dans un premier temps à un examen épistémologique du concept d'insularité. Elle identifie les marqueurs de l'insularité topographique (fragmentation, dépendance, périphéricité, vulnérabilité) puis analyse leur signification pour le géographe des transports, laquelle se traduit sous trois formes : l'existence d'une solution de continuité spatiale ou territoriale, la succession de multiples ruptures dans les vitesses et les rythmes de déplacements, l'importance d'un périmètre. Dans un deuxième temps, elle s'interroge sur la transposition de la notion d'insularité en milieu continental, en tant que création socio-spatiale née des pratiques des acteurs. Elle fait émerger alors d'une part l'insularité comme produit d'une discontinuité simple, par exemple la station de montagne (rôle primordial de la solution de continuité territoriale) par opposition au territoire-réseau marqué par le rôle exclusif du périmètre ; et d'autre part l'insularité double des réseaux, avec le cas des réseaux en étoile (hub and spokes, étoile de LGV/TGV), qui sont générateurs d'archipels, et le complexe aéroportuaire comme territorialité entre île et archipel. Abstract Regarded as obvious, does the island, as a concept, concern only topographical spaces? Is islandification of continental spaces also possible in a topological space, notably by the use of transportation networks? In the first hand, our proposed method here first underlines epistemological foundations of insularity concept. It shows numerous markers of topographical insularity (fragmentation, subordination, peripheral location, vulnerability) then deepens their meanings according to transport geographer: territorial or spatial continuity solutions, multiple breakings in speeds and mobile rhythms, perimeter constraint. On the other hand, we examine a possible translation of insularity concept in a continental environment. Defined as a socio-spatial creation, based on actors' practices, insularity can be seen as a product of a simple dis-continuity, for example in a skiing resort where roads or rail access permits territorial continuity. On the opposite, the network-territory is closed by the exclusive use of perimeter. The more complex networks insularity generates archipelagos (case of hub-and-spokes networks for air and HST networks) or a mixed territoriality, between island and archipelago (case of aerotropolis).

- by Pierre AGERON
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- Tourism Studies, Globalization, Urban Studies, Urban And Regional Planning

Mycelial fungi grow as indeterminate adaptive networks that have to forage for scarce resources in a patchy and unpredictable environment under constant onslaught from
mycophagous animals. Development of contrast-independent network extraction algorithms has dramatically improved our ability to characterise these dynamic macroscopic networks and promises to bridge the gap between experiments in realistic experimental microcosms and graph-theoretic network analysis, greatly facilitating quantitative description of their complex behaviour. Furthermore, using digitised networks as inputs,
empirically-based minimal biophysical mass-ﬂow models already provide a high degree of explanation for patterns of long-distance radiolabel movement, and hint at global control mechanisms emerging naturally as a consequence of the intrinsic hydraulic connectivity. Network resilience is also critical to survival and can be explored both in silico by removing links in the digitised networks according to particular rules, or in vivo by allowing different mycophagous invertebrates to graze on the networks. Survival depends on both the intrinsic architecture adopted by each species and the ability to reconnect following damage. It is hoped that a comparative approach may yield useful insights into not just fungal ecology, but also biologically inspired rules governing the combinatorial trade-off between cost, transport efﬁciency, resilience and control complexity for self-organised adaptive networks in other domains.

- by Luke Heaton
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- Transport Networks, Fungal Networks, Network resilience, Mass flow modelling

Jacopo Maria Pepe, "Transport, Networks, Eurasia’s Economic ‘Synchronization’ and the End of a ‘Flat’ World", Trans-Eurasian Transportation Networks, Transportation Politics and economics in Eurasia, Caucasus International, Vol. 6 • No: 1... more

- by Caucasus International Journal
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- Security, Caucasus, South Caucasus, Transport Networks

The graph under the form of a fan is a lob graph, where Ui and Vj are edges or simple routes. In a communication network modeled by a fan graph there may be organized itineraries of vehicles, which raise the problem of integration within the capacity restrictions of arches on which vehicles accumulate. Such itineraries may be generated by many practical situations, among which a few are presented in the paper, together with their condition of feasibility.

- by Ioan Cuncev
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- Graphs Theory, Transport Networks

This article is an overview of the work that has been conducted so far on river usage and nautical technology in the history of Angkor, and a discussion on how maritime approaches can contribute to the creation of new knowledge by opening new lines of research that can help us reconstruct a more nuanced view of Angkor’s fluvial history. Although Angkor’s connection to the river network was made in the early 20th century, the compartmentalized studies that have been carried out so far on the subject of Angkor’s relationship to its watery environment have resulted in interpretations that do not reflect the complexity of the subject. It will be argued here that archaeologists who do not integrate maritime approaches in studies of cultures like Angkor, where waterways play an important role in their environment, are likely to miss important aspects of fluvial cultures. By applying concepts such as the Maritime Cultural Landscape, it will be possible to push beyond the boundaries of terr...

- by Veronica Walker-Vadillo
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- History, Maritime Archaeology, Rivers, Cambodian History

Tanulmányomban Sopron és Szombathely példáján keresztül megpróbálok képet alkotni arról, hogy Nyugat-Magyarországon mi jellemezte a városi közlekedést, a helyi tömegközlekedést, volt-e utóbbinak hálózata, s hogyan szolgálta mindez a szóban forgó települések modernné válását a 19. század utolsó harmadában és a 20. század elején. (A vidéki Magyarország modernizációjának e szegmense eddig csak érintőlegesen került a történészek látókörébe. A korabeli magyar városok rangsorba állításánál minősítő tényezőként e szempontot /tömegközlekedés, közúti vasút léte/ eddig senki sem vette figyelembe.).

- by Péter Kalocsai
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- Transport History, Urban History, Tramway History, Tramways

The Imaginary Lines project is an imaginary metro transport network which serves as a model for prospective urban infrastructure. Its dynamic and more adaptive nature furthers the potential to build smart infrastructure going beyond traditional fixed-route transport networks. Being constructed ab initio in three dimensions using Maya software, the Imaginary Lines is originally a spatial network. The fact that Imaginary Lines network achieves structural spatiality –overcoming weaknesses due to planarity dominance in current network analysis– renders its modeling process and structure cutting-edge. By showing the inadequacies, if not weaknesses, of current graph-theoretic analysis, the Imaginary Lines project proposes an innovative infrastructure model. The Imaginary Lines network has seven lines of paradoxical nature. These lines interact with each other in a way that renders the Imaginary Lines network a dynamic and self-organized complex system. The Imaginary Lines network dynamics lies merely on its infrastructure, which is innovative for actual spatial planning, since other networks dynamics refer mostly to network evolution overtime or network agent flows. Thanks to its dynamic and self-organised infrastructure, the Imaginary Lines network is highly adaptive to demand alterations. Its adaptive nature deals effectively with actual problems of spatial planning by: improving capacity utilization, enabling a better match of supply and demand in urban transport, paving the way for a better response to demographic changes.

- by Anastasia-Zoi Souliotou
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- Contemporary Art, Network Theory, Transport Networks

Mobile networks are the largest contributor
to the carbon footprint of the telecom sector and
their contribution is expected to rapidly increase in
the future due to the foreseen traffic growth. Therefore,
there is an increasing urgency in the definition
of green mobile network deployment strategies. This
paper proposes a four-step design and power assessment
methodology for mobile networks, taking into
consideration both radio and transport segments. A
number of mobile network deployment architectures
for urban residential areas based on different radio
(i.e., macro base station, distributed indoor radio,
femto cell) and transport (i.e., microwave, copper,
optical fiber) technologies are proposed and evaluated
to identify the most energy efficient solution. The
results show that with low traffic the conventional
macro base station deployment with microwave based
backhaul is the best option. However, with higher traf-
fic values heterogeneous networks with macro base
stations and indoor small cells are more energy effi-
cient. The best small cell solution highly depends on
the transport network architecture. In particular, our
results show that a femto cell based deployment with
optical fiber backhaul is the most energy efficient,
even if a distributed indoor radio architecture (DRA)
deployment with fiber fronthaul is also a competitive
approach.

- by Matteo Fiorani and +2
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- Heterogeneous Networks, Energy efficiency, Femtocell, Backhaul

Draft version on the long-term evolution of transport networks in Northwest Africa. Historical and Geographical approaches.

Construction, in Greece, has been both a requirement and a convenient field of investment during the whole postwar period. It has functioned as the economy's locomotive and a tool for anticyclic economic policy. It has obviously been the main activity for the rehabilitation of the country after the 2 nd World War (WWII), and parallel to it has been developed a significant network of interests and a stratum of entrepreneurs. This momentum continued with the help of the Community Support Frameworks (CSF) and with the project of the Olympic Games. Greece is now at a turning point. In the aftermath of the Olympics, where a lot was invested in construction infrastructure (mainly transport), and with the prospect of the reduction of the contribution of the CSFs (because of the change of the EU targets) if they will continue to exist at all, the country is facing the necessity to reexamine its priorities. There is already a slowdown of the construction activity, not only in Athens but ...

This chapter looks at an initial approach to the long-term evolution of African port hierarchies. This analysis of port hierarchies is based on throughput volumes (import and export trade) taking into account the mix of cargo, in order to observe the relative position of each port. Secondly, this paper also explores the degree of centrality of seaports through the number of vessel calls thanks to data collected from the Lloyd index. We assume that both indicators are correlated and they gave rise to the self-reinforcement effects which provided stability and robustness for port hierarchies in the long term.

- by Daniel Castillo Hidalgo
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- Economic History, African Studies, Globalization, Maritime History

Construction, in Greece, has been both a requirement and a convenient field of investment during the whole post-war period. It has functioned as the economy’s locomotive and a tool for anticyclic economic policy. It has obviously been the main activity for the rehabilitation of the country after the 2nd World War (WWII), and parallel to it has been developed a significant network of interests and a stratum of entrepreneurs. This momentum continued with the help of the Community Support Frameworks (CSF) and with the project of the Olympic Games.
Greece is now at a turning point. In the aftermath of the Olympics, where a lot was invested in construction infrastructure (mainly transport), and with the prospect of the reduction of the contribution of the CSFs (because of the change of the EU targets) if they will continue to exist at all, the country is facing the necessity to re-examine its priorities. There is already a slowdown of the construction activity, not only in Athens but also in the regions.
On the other hand, Greece, though by and large a tertiarised economy, has not really embarked on the Information Society to the extent its real potential could support. Moreover, the country is moving even more slowly towards the prospect of the Knowledge Society. Investment in tertiary university education, research, technology is not adequate as all indicators suggest.
Therefore, one could argue that the country is facing a dilemma, as for the main direction it could choose.
The Technology Foresight (TF) 3-year research project (the first of its kind in Greece) that involved hundreds of researchers was occupied with the technology prospects of various sectors of the economy in order to identify possible scenarios for the development of the country.
The paper presents the basic problematique and thoughts of the spatial aspects of the foresight exercise, namely the possible spatial impacts of the two aforementioned trajectories. These two spatial scenarios were worked out in the frame of the TF. The first is the scenario of construction and tourism and the second of education and technology. The scenarios are examined under the parameters of: a) the country’s physical international connections, b) internal cohesion, c) built environment and quality in the context of sustainability and d) decentralisation and the development of production and especially technological infrastructures. In all cases the spatial impacts are examined.
The paper, based on the knowledge about previous investment layers, current programming and a variety of possibilities, envisages which will in each scenario be the cities or regions of the country that will benefit. One of the important findings is that although different regions will benefit according to the scenario that will be chosen, in all cases small islands and the mountainous parts will be left lagging behind.

The aim of the author is to present the methodology of reconstruction of the Old-Polish transport
network as exemplified by the historic Lublin Voivodship. The author discusses the research method and
procedure of reconstructing the road routes and locations of transport facilities on the basis of text sources
and old maps of varied content and geometric accuracy. The adopted methodology uses GIS tools to analyse
and verify data from both cartographic and descriptive sources. The analysis is based on the retrogressive
approach, as most of the cartographically reliable sources come from the early 19th century.
The presented research procedure consists of three stages: preparation and processing of source material,
registration of source information, and finally, its harmonization. The research procedure consists of two main
steps: 1) identification (initial identification of the object and verification of its existence); 2) geometrisation
(determination of geometrical parameters of the object, followed by their verification, and confirmation of the
object’s course or location in the spatial database).

- by Mateusz Zawadzki
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- Historical Geography, Historical GIS, Transport Networks

Maritime transport is one of the most ancient supports to human interactions across history and it still supports more than 90% of world trade volumes today. The changing connectivity of maritime networks is of crucial importance to port, transport, and economic development and planning. The way ports, terminals, but also cities, regions and countries, are connected with each other through maritime flows is not well-known and difficult to represent and measure, even for the transport actors themselves. There is a strong, urgent need for reviewing the relevant theories, concepts, methods, and sources that can be mobilized for the analysis of maritime networks.
With contributions from reputable scholars from all over the world, this book investigates the analysis of maritime flows and networks from diverse disciplinary angles going across archaeology, history, geography, regional science, economics, mathematics, physics, and computer sciences. Based on a vast array of methods, such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS), spatial analysis, complex networks, modelling, and simulation, it addresses several crucial issues related with port hierarchy; route density; modal interdependency; network robustness and vulnerability; traffic concentration and seasonality; technological change and urban/regional economic development. This book examines new evidence about how socio-economic trends are reflected (but also influenced) by maritime flows and networks, and about the way this knowledge can support and enhance decision-making in relation to the development of ports, supply chains, and transport networks in general.
This book is an ideal companion to anyone interested in the network analysis of transport systems and economic systems in general, as well as the effective ways to analyse large datasets to answer complex issues in transportation and socio-economic development.

This article investigates the degree of overlap among the different layers of circulation composing global maritime flows in recent decades. Mobilizing several methods originating from complex networks allows us to shed new light on specialization and diversification dynamics affecting the evolution of ports and shipping. The principal confirm the strong and path-dependent influence of multiplexity on traffic volume, range of interaction and centrality from various perspectives, such as matrices correlations, homophily, assortativity, and single linkage analysis. While the network grows and concentrates around large hubs over time, traffic distribution is also place-dependent due to the reinforced position of already established nodes.

- by César Ducruet
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- Globalization, Maritime Transport Geography, Network Analysis, Complex Networks