Transportation Engineering Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, American journal of climate change

As the global temperature continues to increase, the sea level continues to rise at a rapid rate that has never been seen before. This becomes an issue for many facets of life but one of the most impacted is the transportation infrastructure. Many people living in low elevation coastal areas can become trapped by flooding with no way in or out. With Delaware being a coastal state, this would affect a large portion of the population and will have detrimental effects over time if nothing is done to combat sea level rise. The issue with sea level rise in transportation is that once the roads become flooded, they become virtually unusable and detour routes would be needed. If all the roads in a coastal area were to be affected by sea level rise, the options for detours would become limited. This article looks at direct solutions to combat sea level rise and indirect solutions that would specifically help transportation infrastructure and evacuation routes in Delaware. There is not one solution that can fix every problem, so many solutions are laid out to see what is applicable to each affected area. Some solutions include defense structures that would be put close to the coast, raising the elevation of vulnerable roads throughout the state and including pumping stations to drain the water on the surface of the road. With an understanding of all these solutions around the world, the ultimate conclusion came in the form of a six-step plan that Delaware should take in order to best design against sea level rise in these coastal areas.

2025

In the micro socio-economic set up of Bangladesh haggling has traditionally occupied a central place. It has particularly been significant in the case of buying and selling goods or certain services. While haggling in the purchase and sale of goods is common, it is less so in the case of the purchase and sale of services. One of few instances of haggling in service encounters is in public transport, more specifically in ‘local-service’ buses. Therefore, this particular area of social discourse is an interesting case for research and the present study analyses these haggling exchanges. Through a critical discourse analysis, the research, in the first place, attempts to bring to the fore the strategies of haggling that passengers and conductors usually employ to get a win over the bus fare. The study then seeks to unveil the phenomenon of power vis-à-vis haggling, and afterwards analyses hagglers’ viewpoints. I conclude by offering suggestions for future research.

2025

FOR mechanical powerrequired to operate the CONTROLLED-CROWN PRESS roll at various applied loads and roll speeds ROLLS' A PARAMETRIC STUDY were compared with experimental data provided by tile manufacturer, and a good B. Hojjatie D.I. Orloff agreement was obtained. Also, a para-Asso. Engineer Div. Director metric study wa.s performed to determine Inst. of Paper Sci. and Tech. (IPST) relative influence of lubricant viscosity, Atlanta, GA 30318-5794 shoe radius, and shoe angle on the predicted quantities, and it was determined that the oil viscosity had a profound ef-ABSTRACT fect on the performance of the press roll. The model predicted that operation of the press rolls at relatively higher loads can be achieved without significantly increas-The objective of this study was to characterize the lubrication flow behavior, and the ing the requirement for mechanical power. performance of a crown-compensated (CC) ' press roll for various operating conditions.

2025, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

Cellphone use while driving is an increasingly serious threat for traffic safety and is prohibited in many jurisdictions. In California, the use of handheld cellphones while driving has been prohibited since July 1, 2008. Using interrupted time series analysis, this study explores the effectiveness of the ban by specifically analyzing the crashes caused by cellphone usage in California from 2002 to 2014. These crashes were thought to be able to reflect the role of the ban more accurately than total crashes. The ban was found effective in reducing the cellphone usage-caused crashes in terms of both crash frequency and crash proportion. The study also confirms that crashes caused by cellphone use produce more severe outcomes than other crashes. These findings show that the ban on handheld cellphone use while driving plays an important role for improving traffic safety in California. In addition, it is found that the ban motivates drivers to switch from handheld cellphones to hands-free cellphones, but in terms of crash severity, hands-free cellphone usage and handheld cellphone usage do not show significant differences. These findings support a complete ban on cellphone use while driving--not just a prohibition of handheld cellphone use. The study results are expected to provide new insights for future policy-making related to cellphone use while driving.

2025, Journal of Public Transportation

Public transit systems in the United States often face multiple policy objectives. Typically, stakeholders desire frequent service on an extensive network, but funding and other resources are constrained, creating complicated relationships between service effectiveness goals and business efficiency goals. Using data from the National Transit Map (NTM), this study evaluated the general performance of transit systems across 294 Urbanized Areas (UZAs) in the US, which were stratified into six peer groups based on population. Transit efficiency and effectiveness were compared by developing a composite business efficiency index score and a composite service effectiveness index score for each urbanized area. The scores were generated using a fuzzy logic extension of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which allows automated weighting of the measures. The NTM currently includes a limited set of performance measures, and each transit agency's data are associated with the largest urban area it serves; consequently, it is perhaps best-suited for identifying highperforming UZAs and less suitable for identifying the weakest performers. The analytical results suggest that a few UZAs (mainly densely-populated cities and university towns) are simultaneously able to achieve high scores on both business efficiency and service effectiveness. In most small-and medium-size conurbations, business efficiency appears to be a higher policy priority than service effectiveness.

2025

Traffic dependent speed limits have improved the security of highway traffic considerably. However, on highway sections controlled by variable speed limits large oscillations in speed can still be observed. On the basis of traffic data and a macroscopic traffic model, the influence of decentrally controlled speed limits on the states of highway traffic is analyzed. It is shown that local control of speed limits -which is typically applied -can lead to standing waves in speed. The anticipative control law proposed is able to prevent standing waves and can even damp out stop-and-go waves, such that a homogeneous traffic flow is gained.

2025, 2001 European Control Conference (ECC)

2025, MOJ civil engineering

As with every mode of travel, there is clearly some risk associated with walking. However, walking remains a healthful, inherently safe

2025, Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering

The sight distance at night is one of the most important driving safety factors. Sag vertical curves are one of the important elements of roads, which require a sufficient sight distance at night. The headlight sight distance is used for determining the length of the sag vertical curves. Presently, the parabolic curve is mainly used in symmetrical sag vertical curves. The present study aimed to propose the elliptic curve as a new alternative for the parabolic curve. An elliptic equation is developed for use in vertical curve and sight distance of the sag elliptic vertical curve in nighttime is calculated based on the characteristics of the road geometry. Results indicate that contrary to the parabolic curve, the sight distance of the elliptic curve varies depending on the vehicle location and increases as the vehicle moves forward on the curve; therefore, driver sees the end of curve in elliptic curves much earlier than parabolic curves. The results also indicate that the sight distance of the parabolic curve is more than that of the elliptic curve in the shortest length after the curve beginning (up to 8% of the curve length) while the sight distance of the elliptic curve is more than that of the parabolic curve at the rest of the curve (at least 92% of the curve length). Based on the obtained results, for S > L, the stopping sight distances of the elliptic and parabolic vertical curves are equal.

2025, Soldagem & Inspeção

This study presents K IC data obtained from K IC -CVN correlations from Charpy CVN values. For this study, T-welded connections were manufactured from ASTM A36 and E6013 electrodes in dry conditions. Then, a rectangular grinding at the weld toe was carried out and filled with wet welding. Charpy specimens were extracted to obtain CVN values. An exhaustive search through the literature of several authors was performed to collect experimental CVN data about wet welding being applied to A36 steel for comparison with CVN data obtained in this study. By using Charpy impact energy (CVN), K IC values could be predicted by K IC -CVN correlations. In addition, correlations were presented to obtain K IC values in the lower shelf, transition temperature zones and different zones for the energy-temperature curve of A36 steel. Of these correlations, Barsom's equation was adopted, because he applied the stress yield (σ YS ) of the material and it can be applied in all zones for the energy-temperature curve. The results revealed that CVN values are proportionate to K IC , this data decreases as water depth increases. This took place because several discontinuities, such as, porosity, slag inclusion, non-metallic inclusion, cracking and microstructures are present in the wet welding.

2025, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010) and is used to forecast downstream traffic flows for analyzing both signalized and two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) intersections. The paper focuses on the effect of platoon dispersion on proportion of time blocked, conflicting flow rate, and capacity flow rate for the major street left-turn movement at a TWSC intersection. Existing HCM 2010 methodology shows little effect on conflicting flow or capacity for various distances downstream from the signalized intersection. Two methods are suggested for computing the conflicting flow and capacity of minor stream movements at a TWSC intersection that have more desirable properties than the existing HCM method. Further, if the existing HCM 2010 method is retained, results suggest that the upstream signals model be dropped from the HCM method for TWSC intersections.

2025, Journal of Safety Research

The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of traffic barrier geometric 31 characteristics on crashes that occurred on non-interstate roads. Method: For this purpose, height, 32 side-slope rate, post-spacing, and lateral offset of about 137 miles of traffic barriers were collected on 33 non-interstate (state, federal aid primary, federal aid secondary, and federal aid urban) highways in 34 Wyoming. In addition, crash reports recorded between 2008 and 2017 were added to the traffic barrier 35 dataset. The safety performance of traffic barriers with regards to their geometric features was analyzed 36 in terms of crash frequency and crash severity using random-parameters negative binomial, and random-37 parameters ordered logit models, respectively. Results: From the results, box beam barriers with a height 38 of 27-29 inches were less likely to be associated with injury and fatal injury crashes compared to other 39 barrier types. On the other hand, the likelihood of a severe injury crash was found to be higher for box 40 beam barriers with a height taller than 31 inches. Both W-beam and box beam barriers with a post-41 spacing between 6.1 and 6.3 inches reduced the probability of severe injury crashes. In terms of the crash 42 frequency, flare traffic barriers had a lower crash frequency compared to parallel traffic barriers. Non-43 interstate roads without longitudinal rumble strips were associated with a higher rate of traffic barrier 44 crashes.

2025, Journal of Safety Research

Introduction: Despite the numerous safety studies done on traffic barriers' performance assessment, the effect of variables such as traffic barrier's height has not been identified considering a comprehensive actual crash data analysis. This study seeks to identify the impact of geometric variables (i.e., height, post-spacing, sideslope ratio, and lateral offset) on median traffic barriers' performance in crashes on interstate roads. Method: Geometric dimensions of over 110 miles median traffic barriers on interstate Wyoming roads were inventoried in a field survey between 2016 and 2018. Then, the traffic barrier data collected was combined with historical crash records, traffic volume data, road geometric characteristics, and weather condition data to provide a comprehensive dataset for the analysis. Finally, an ordered logit model with random-parameters was developed for the severity of traffic barrier crashes. Based on the results, traffic barrier's height was found to impact crash severity. Results: Crashes involving cable barriers with a height between 30 00 and 42 00 were less severe than other traffic barrier types, while concrete barriers with a height shorter than 32 00 were more likely involved with severe injury crashes. As another important finding, the post-spacing of 6.1-6.3 ft. was identified as the least severe range in W-beam barriers. In terms of variables impacting crash frequency, Wbeam and box beam barriers located on frontslopes had higher crash frequency. Practical applications: The results show that using flare barriers should reduce the number of crashes compared to parallel barriers.

2025, AL Rafdain Engineering Journal

This research aims to investigate the performance solar water collector by varing five parameters; which are mass flowrate, inclination angle, total solar radiation, pipe size, and number of glass covers. The test rig was established to collect the data for the whole months of September and October and use it as a focal point for analysis of the solar water heating system's performance. The dynamic behavior simulated and optimizated with MATLAB software for the practical data to investigate the performance of the flat plate solar collector. The novelity in this study is the first time the authors use the whole practical data instead of using an average to approximate the theoretical dynamic investigation of the flat plate solar collector. The achievements are as follows: The increase in collector efficiency was from 62.17% to 71.26% when the collector pipe spacing was reduced from 186 mm to 86 mm; the increase in efficiency was approximately 2% as the collector pipeline diameter grew from 1 mm to 50 mm; the optimum efficiency was achieved with triple glazing and was about 0.83%; the increase in mass flowrate from; 1 to 5 liters per minute, would improve the efficiency of the system from 64% to 83%. Moreover, the best tilt angle for the flat plate solar collector was 30°.Also, heat loss coefficient rises by around 50% when wind speed is increased from 1 m/s to 5 m/s. Thus, the use of dynamic investigation with actual data will assist the researcher in improving the performance of the solar water flat plate collector.

2025, TRANSNAV - the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be simply approached as the (effective) simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems. The issue of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), based on support by numerous AI applications, is providing a quite disruptive picture of how the shipping industry may be transformed in the future. After the necessary clarification of terms, a summary of certain important legal developments in relation to the on-going introduction of MASS type vessels into full service is provided. The role of trustworthy AI applications that can reliably serve the associated decision-making tasks is also discussed. In the near future, the vast majority of maritime transport needs will continue to be served by those vessels termed as “conventional” (regularly manned ships); the shipping industry is well known for its risk adverse behaviour and a slow pace of adaptation towards this new operating paradigm is the most probable path of adoption.

2025

Urbanization and population growth accompanied by high travel demand increasing pressure on transportation system and creating traffic congestion. Mega cities with large population cannot cope with high traffic demand due to lack of... more

2025, Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

2025, Transportation Research Record

In early 2005, the Taiwan government announced a 6-month pilot project permitting motorcycles with engine capacity over 250 cc to go on Expressways 68 and 72. Because of the long-term ban on motorcycles traveling on the expressways, motorists have limited experience in sharing the roads with motorcyclists. Therefore, it is essential to investigate traffic characteristics of motorcycles on expressways from a safety viewpoint. Traffic characteristics of motorcycles on the tangent sections of expressways were investigated during the trial period. The survey showed that motorcycles traveled faster than did other types of vehicles. The mean speed of motorcycles reached 86 km/h, 8 km/h faster than other vehicles. The 85th percentile speed was 108 km/h, 18 km/h higher than the posted speed. Motorcyclists kept shorter following distances than did other drivers, and other types of vehicles tailgated motorcycles as well. Most motorcyclists rode in the center-to-right of the inside lane and the center-to-left of the outside lanes. This study found a few cases in which motorcyclists shared the same lane, sometimes side by side with other vehicles, on the road. Although no motorcycle crash was reported during the trial period, episodes of speeding, tailgating, and lane sharing caused significant safety concerns for riders and drivers on the expressways. It was recommended that the government strictly enforce the laws against speeding, tailgating, improper overtaking, and driving in the same lane. In addition, it is essential to educate expressway users about sharing roads safely.

2025

Congestion pricing is seen as an effective policy to address network congestion. In such policies where money, people and authorities are involved, the success generally depends upon two factors: equity (being fair) and acceptability (to both people and authorities). The primary concern is the equity, for which "tradable credit scheme (TCS)" has been introduced and extensively studied in the literature. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the trading schemes, the TCS has yet to find any foot in the real world. To this end, a novel idea of rewarding has substituted the trading component to be known as toll-and-subsidy scheme (TSS). The idea is to charge the drivers on some roads (toll) while rewarding them to use other alternative -and perhaps underutilized-roads (subsidy). The research of the TSS is in its infancy stage. The problem to be tackled in this study is as follows: given a set of roads constituting a cordon line around the CBD or a screen line, how much toll or subsidy should be assigned to each road? The problem is first transformed into a capacitated traffic assignment problem (CTAP). In order to solve the CTAP, we employ a new algorithm based on augmenting the travel time of roads links up to the level at which the traffic volumes do not exceed the target/capacity volumes. In order to demonstrate the practicality of the methodology, the method is coded in a leading commercial transportation planning software and is applied to a real dataset from the city of Winnipeg, Canada. We then discuss policy related applications of the toll and subsidy scheme.

2025, Infor

We describe in detail the calibration of an aggregate logit type modal choice function for the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba. The data used for this work was obtained from a household travel survey carried out by the City of Winnipeg in the spring of 1976 and from the use of network models of the road and transit infrastructure. There are several ways of using this data to obtain a modal choice function. Validation tests performed with several functions served to select the most suitable one for use by the City of Winnipeg. Nous decrivons en detail la calibration d'une fonction agreg^e logistique de repartition modale pour la ville de Winnipeg, Manitoba. Les donn6es utilises dans ce but ont 6t6 obtenues par une enquSte a domicile effectuee par la ville de Winnipeg au printemps 1976 et k partir de l'utilisation des modules de r&eau routier et de reseau de transport en commun. II y a plusieurs iagons d'utiliser ces donnfe pour obtenir une fonction de repartition modale. Des essais de validation ont permis de choisir parmi plusieurs fonctions celle qui est la plus utile pour utilisation par la ville de Winnipeg.

2025, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

Interest in temporal modeling of road traffic has increased over the past decade because of the need to model traffic dynamics for the purpose of evaluating a variety of intelligent transportation components, such as traffic control measures and route guidance. Several approaches are available, including macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic traffic models as well as analytical dynamic assignment models. Although microscopic models are the most detailed and realistic, they are difficult to calibrate and may not be the most practical tools for large-scale networks. Three methods for dynamic network loading that are considerably less detailed than microscopic modeling are investigated here. Each of the three methods is based on a different approach to modeling traf-fic dynamics: link-based travel time functions, the cell-transmission model, and a link-based model derived from a simplified car-following relationship. A small test network was devised, and the results from each model ...

2025, Sustainable and resilience infrastructure

As modern societies increasingly rely on transport infrastructure, ensuring its resilience is essential, particularly under climate change. Traditional simulation-based methods are often complex and resource-intensive, limiting their widespread use. In contrast, indicator-based approaches offer a practical alternative; however, a comprehensive and multidimensional indicator set remains underdeveloped. This paper proposes an indicator-based framework for assessing the resilience of transport infrastructure systems across physical, operational, and social dimensions. The framework enables a structured evaluation of how systems withstand, adapt to, and recover from disruptions while maintaining essential functions. A thorough literature review was conducted to identify and categorize a robust set of indicators. These indicators are adaptable and may be integrated with advanced techniques such as Machine Learning, Bayesian Networks, and Fuzzy Logic to strengthen resilience analysis. A case study demonstrates the framework's applicability and highlights how combining indicators with analytical tools can enhance the assessment and management of infrastructure resilience.

2025, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management

Rework adversely impacts the performance of building projects. In this study, data were analyzed from 788 construction incidents in 40 Spanish building projects to determine the influence of project and managerial characteristics on rework costs. Finally, regression analysis was used to understand the relationship between the contributing factors, and to determine a model for rework prediction.Interestingly, the rework prediction model showed that only the original contract value (OCV) and the project location in relation to the company's headquarters contribute to the regression model. The Project type, the Type of organization, the Type of contract and the original contract duration (OCD) which represents the magnitude and complexity of a project, were represented by the OCV. This model for rework prediction based on original project conditions enables strategies to be put in place prior to the start of construction, to minimize uncertainties and reduce the impact on project cost and schedule, and thus improve productivity.

2025, Jurnal Penelitian Enjiniring Fakultas Teknik Universitas Hasanuddin

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis asal dan tujuan peti kemas di Sulawesi Selatan, membandingkan biaya yang digunakan untuk distribusi peti kemas menggunakan moda truk, kereta api dan kapal dan menganalisis jarak peralihan moda untuk truk, kereta api dan kapal di Sulawesi Selatan.Lokasi penelitian terletak di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dengan pengumpulan data primer melalui instansi terkait yaitu Dinas Perhubungan Makassar dan Perusahaan Pelayaran serta data sekunder dari studi pustaka terkait. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perhitungan biaya tetap dan biaya variabel masing-masing moda hingga mengeluarkan grafik peralihan moda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peralihan moda terjadi pada jarak 50 km, pendistribusian peti kemas menggunakan truk dapat beralih menggunakan moda kereta api. Pada jarak 150 km, pendistribusian peti kemas jalur darat menggunakan moda truk dapat beralih ke jalur laut menggunakan kapal. Sedangkan pada jarak 250 km, pendistribusian peti kemas jalur darat menggunakan moda kereta api dapat beralih ke moda kapal.

2025, Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand)

Visi Dinas Prasarana Jalan Tata Ruang dan Permukiman Provinsi Sumatera Barat adalah mewujudkan prasarana jalan handal guna memacu daya saing ekonomi kerakyatan dan ekonomi skala besar. Tujuannya untuk pemerataan pembangunan di segala bidang. Dibutuhkan jalan yang stabil dan selalu mendapat penanganan. Keterbatasan dana diperlukan skala prioritas.. Tujuan penelitian menentukan urutan proritas penanganan jalan dengan metoda AHP, AMK, Metoda Bina Marga dan dilaksanakan Dinas serta membandingkan hasil urutan prioritas dengan metoda. Metoda AHP menggunakan pembobotan (weighting) hasil persepsi responden dan penilaian (scoring) dengan liniear models menghasilkan prioritas utama dalam pemeliharaan rutin adalah ruas Air Balam – Air Bangis (034), pemeliharaan berkala ruas Baso – Batusangkar (036), penanganan peningkatan Payakumbuh – Suliki – Koto Tinggi (069.2) dan pembangunan adalah ruas Pasar Baru – Alahan Panjang (073). Metoda AMK menggunakan pembobotan dan penilaian dari responden me...

2025, Journal of Humanities and Education Development

Urbanisation has been one of the greatest ingredients for the proliferation of informal activities in developing countries in general and Cameroon in particular. This has been catalysed by increase in population as individuals tussle for economic survival. This is true with the case of the city of Bamenda and environs where informal activities constituted the thrust of economic occupations between 1998 and 2010. With the advent of economic crisis in Cameroon in 1988 and ensuing economic hardship, migrants anticipating for myriad opportunities moved into the area. However, their desires were shattered when they would not find or catchup with their desired dreams. The resultant effect was the quest for informal activities that would provide for their livelihoods and better their standards of living. It is because of this that the study contends that, though the inception of the economic crisis in Cameroon and the budding educational establishments in Bamenda and environs facilitated population growth and urbanisation of the area as well as the proliferation of informal activities, increased crimewaves, unemployment, poor infrastructural development, poor living standards, high cost of transportation and administrative bottlenecks, inadequate finances and the unstable nature of students' residencies were impedimental to the benefits that goes along with such developments and greatly worked against the advancement of the area.

2025

Slab Thickness 203 mm Concrete 254 mm Concrete 305 mm Concrete Curing Time Concurrent Sequential Concurrent Sequential Concurrent Sequential 4 hour Yes No No No No No 8 hour Yes No No No No No 12 hour Yes No during the first weekend closure. On the second weekend closure, truck lane two is rebuilt for the same segment of the freeway. Weekend closure. The traffic lanes needing rehabilitation are closed for a 55-hour period over the weekend, i.e., from 10 p.m. Friday to 5 a.m. the following Monday. Abbreviations AC. Asphalt Concrete B-P. Batch Plant CTB. Cement Treated Base CPM. Critical Path Method DOT. Department of Transportation D-T. Dump Trucks E-D-T. End Dump Truck LCB. Lean Concrete Base PCC. Portland Cement Concrete

2025, Tehnicki Vjesnik-technical Gazette

Željeznicki kotac je zajedno s osovinom jedan od kriticnih dijelova koji su neophodni sigurnom pogonu teretnih vagona. U eksploataciji su kotaci teretnih vagona izloženi velikim toplinskim zagrijavanjima koja su uzrok naprezanjima i mogucem mehanickom lomu te geometrijskim trosenjima uslijed kocenja, posebno kad se ono izvodi izravno preko kocnih papuca. Ovaj rad daje prikaz rezultata istraživanja uzroka prosirenja osovinskih sklopova vagona Hrvatskih željeznica. Rezultati pokazuju da prosirenja razmaka kotaca izvan dopustenih granica ovise jednim dijelom o zaostalim vlacnim naprezanjima u samim kotacima te o promjeru kotaca. Kao optimalna statisticka metoda povezanosti ovih pojava pokazala se multiregresijska analiza. Analizirajuci kvarove zbog prosirenja kotaca po serijama vagona, izdvojene su serije s najvecom frekvencijom kvarova, ciji je glavni uzrocnik proizvođac kocne opreme A.

2025

Traffic demands on the current infrastructure network is becoming more strained as populations migrate and increase, particularly in large cities. Therefore, city officials, transportation and traffic authorities and researchers, and city inhabitants themselves are always striving to find faster and more efficient means of transportation. With the rise of new technologies such as autonomous vehicles and drones, the applications for transportation are endless. Therefore, this paper will describe and explore the operations, and consequently the efficacy, of Personal Aerial Vehicles (PAV), also known as Urban Air Mobility (UAM). The machines, while still hypothetical, are being researched extensively by some of the most powerful and influential scientific and technological organizations today. This paper will not only describe PAVs and their operations, but also their ability to be operational in the complex world of a modern transportation network of a large city. The city chosen for ...

2025, World customs journal

2025, Ingeniería

Se realiza un análisis de tramos de concentración de choques, debido a que es una de las carreteras más importantes del país, y que además representa prácticamente la única vía directa de comunicación entre la Gran Área Metropolitana y la Vertiente Atlántica. Para realizar este análisis se utilizó el Método de exceso de frecuencia de choques esperado con el ajuste de Bayes empírico. Este método toma en cuenta tres aspectos importantes que lo hacen más preciso que otros: la disponibilidad de datos, el sesgo de regresión a la media y cómo se establece el umbral de desempeño. Una vez procesadas las bases de datos de choques y el inventario vial de la ruta se procedió a utilizar el método de Bayes empírico, con el cual se determinó el exceso de frecuencia de choques viales con respecto a la cantidad que se considera como esperable según la función de desempeño. Los resultados muestran que el TPD, el número de carriles y la densidad de accesos están positivamente relacionados con la frecuencia de choques. Además, los tramos de concentración de choques se ubican principalmente en la parte plana de la ruta a la entrada de los principales poblados de la región. Palabras Clave: Carretera Braulio Carillo (Costa Rica), accidentes de tránsito-procesamiento de datos-Costa Rica, accidentes de tránsito-identificación-Costa Rica, percepción de riesgo, accidentes de tránsito-identificación-Costa Rica.

2025, Transportation Research Record

2025, Nigerian Journal of Technology

Monte Carlo simulation has proven to be an eective means of incorporating reliability analysisinto the Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) design process for exible pavements. Nigerian Empirical-Mechanistic Pavement Analysis and Design System procedure for Nigeria Environments has beenproposed. This work aimed at providing most appropriate number of Monte Carlo simulationcycles that should be adopted for used to provide enough sucient repeatability for damage re-liability relationship in the Nigerian environments. Two selected fatigue distress models and aselected rutting distress models were evaluated for Nigerian environment. It was observed thatMonte Carlo simulation cycle of 2, 500 thresholds were enough to be used to provide sucientrepeatability for damage reliability relationship and that axle weight has an overwhelming eecton the output variability as an increase in applied load was highly noticed in the reliability values. Keywords: pavement distress, fatigue, rutting, mechanistic-e...

2025, Nigerian Journal of Technology

The aim of this work was to evaluate reliability index (RI) with respect to fatigue and rutting within the different seasons peculiar to Nigeria, in order to improve Empirical-Mechanistic flexible pavement design approach, using First Order Reliability Method (FORM). Flexible pavement design involves many uncertainties, variabilities, and approximations regarding the input parameters like material properties, traffic loads. Others include subgrade strength, drainage conditions, construction, compaction procedures and climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, and snowfall, etc. The combination of the variances associated with input parameters contributes to components and system uncertainty, and this combination of variances can have a significant effect on the predicted performance of the pavement. Reliability in pavement design is introduced to consider these uncertainties. Layers thicknesses, material properties, and Equivalent Standard Axle Load (ESAL) were entered into a m...

2025, Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal

The actual problem of the oil refining industry is to improve the process of oxidation of heavy oil residues and the properties of oil bitumen. One way to solve the problem is to add modifiers. The addition of modifiers leads to an intensification of the oxidation process and an increase in the characteristics of the bituminous binders. The work aims to study the effect of adding rubber crumb on the process of vacuum residue oxidation and the properties of the obtained rubber-bitumen binders (RBB). The influence of the size of crumb rubber and its content, the mixing stage and oxidation modes on the properties of rubber-bitumen binders are determined. Vacuum residue from the Omsk oil refinery was used as a raw material, which was modified with crumb rubber with a dispersion of 0.6‒1.0 mm and less than 0.6 mm. The novelty of the research is the addition of crumb rubber to the vacuum residue and the oxidation process to obtain bitumen. The product of vacuum residue oxidation for 2 h a...

2025

The objective of this project is to investigate the data quality measures and how they are applied to travel time prediction. This project showcases a short-term travel time prediction method that takes into account the data needs of the real-time applications. The objective of this research is to prepare and disseminate accurate short-term (up to 15 minutes ahead) travel time predictions on major highway corridors in the state of Maryland using real-time and archived Bluetooth travel time samples, probe-based INRIX data, and stationary sensor data pooled together in Regional Integrated Transportation Information System (RITIS). In addition the research effort also develops a medium-term travel time prediction algorithm using pattern recognition techniques. The algorithm is used to predict travel times between Richmond and Virginia Beach in the state of Virginia. Unlike previous studies that use travel time as the variable, the traffic state spatiotemporal evolution is used to predict traffic patterns. The approach uses traffic state data for the current day to match with a historical data set to identify similar traffic patterns and predict travel times into the future. The tasks of this study start from data collection and analysis. The raw INRIX data, including data from I-64 and I-264 between Richmond to Virginia Beach for the past three years, are used in this study. Several problems with the raw data are analyzed, including geographically inconsistent sections, irregular time intervals of data collection, and missing data. Subsequently, a travel database is constructed to obtain daily spatiotemporal traffic states in which traffic state information and dynamic travel times are included. A travel time prediction algorithm is developed using speed measurements and which fully utilizes the relationship between traffic state and travel time. INRIX data for the selected 37-mile freeway stretch (Newport News to Virginia Beach) are used to test the proposed algorithm. The testing results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other three methods including using instantaneous measurements, using a Kalman filter, and using the k-nearest-neighbor method. Moreover, the case study on the entire 95-mile freeway stretch from Richmond to Virginia Beach demonstrates the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the instantaneous approach that is currently used by VDOT. The proposed prediction method reduces the prediction error by approximately 50 percent compared to the current instantaneous method, especially at the shoulders of the peak periods.

2025

This Guidebook provides options for MPOs in use of safety as a project prioritization factor. The guidebook includes six types of approaches and details potential criteria, analysis methods, pros, cons, data, and resource needs, for... more

2025

In mountain corps, the combat surprise of the enemy is made, first of all, by mobility. For this, when the horses are not used, the access of vehicles in difficult access areas is sometimes vital because it is a surprise for the enemy, the attacks of special troops of mountaineers can be surprising or the mountain artillery companies can supply their troops better. This is the reason why my doctoral research has focused on the influences of ground features on the capacity of crossing, especially in the cold period of the year, because most of the time mountain rangers' corps take action in this kind of conditions. The tests were made in real conditions, during the missions and the field exercises, in tough climatic and atmospheric conditions, exclusively in mountains in winter.

2025

Portland cement paste is proposed as the material to filling in the annulus between the casing of a borehole and the geological formation in a deep repository for spent sealed radiation sources in Brazil. The cement paste is intended to function as structural material, an additional barrier against the migration of radionuclides outside the repository, and as a blockage against the transport of water between the different strata of the geological setting. The objective of this research is to investigate the behavior of the cement paste and to estimate its service life. In this paper we present the results of mechanical strength measurements and chemical and mineralogical analysis of samples to detect the changes caused by radiation, temperature and aggressive chemicals of groundwater to which the material will be exposed. Methods of analysis included Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Ion Chromatography, XRay Diffraction, and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis. Assess...

2025, Acta polytechnica Hungarica

Ground deformation, due to tunneling, is one of the most significant challenges in tunnel design in soft ground along with, the predicting the related effects of tunneling on nearby structures. One of the methods of predicting ground settlement in tunneling projects, is to use analytical and numerical methods. By measuring the amount of settlement with accurate instruments and back-analysis of behavioral measurement data, in addition to estimating the state of settlement of the ground and surrounding structures, it is possible to determine the geotechnical parameters of the soil and structure in the design of upcoming sections and future designs. In this study, an attempt has been made to verify the measured settlements caused by digging the tunnel of an urban train line, by using back analysis. For this purpose, comparisons with predictions obtained from empirical and analytical methods and the Geotechnical Engineering Finite Element Analysis software (PLAXIS) was used. The results show that often, the empirical methods obtain values more than the measured values, for ground settlement.

2025, Networks and Spatial Economics

This paper conducts a comprehensive study of the Lagrangian-based hydrodynamic model with application to highway state estimation. Our analysis is motivated by the practical problems of freeway traffic monitoring and estimation using multi-source data measured from mobile devices and fixed sensors. We conduct rigorous mathematical analysis on the Hamilton-Jacobi representation of the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model in the transformed coordinates, and derive explicit and closed-form solutions with piecewise affine initial, boundary, and internal conditions, based on the variational principle. A numerical study of the Mobile Century field experiment demonstrates some unique features and the effectiveness in traffic estimation of the Lagrangian-based model.

2025

Cone penetrations tests were performed on the silty clays of Kentucky, U.S.A., using a boring rig to push the Dutch, friction sleeve, cone penetrometer. Thin-walled tube samples were taken from nearby boreholes. For the first four sites, unconfined compression tests and unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tesb were performed on the samples. For the last four sites, consolidated-undrained triaxial tests were performed on the samples. A procedure for estimating in situ shear strength from triaxial test stress paths was developed. Small rock fragments in these rcsidttal soils caused erratic cone resistance at many locations. As a result, the friction sleeve resistance provided the best correlation with in situ shear strength. In situ shear strength was found to be approximately 80 percent of the friction sleeve wsistance, which confirms the t1ndings of others.

2025, Geotechnical Testing Journal

, constant-rate-of-strain (CRS), an d conventional incremental-l oading (STD) consolidation testing are compared and evaluated. Undisturbed samples of tbree soils common to Kentucky were used in the testing program. Results of I 5 CG, 14 CRS, and 32 STD consolidation tests are evaluated. Feasibility of the new test methods for routine testing is briefly discussed and recommendations are made for refi nements in testing procedures.

2025

This report provides an overview of enforcement issues for operating freeways with managed lanes. The term "managed lanes" encompasses a variety of facility types, including high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) express lanes, special-use lanes, and truck lanes. The role of enforcement is explored through identifying the available enforcement strategies and elements of enforcement area design. The state-of-the-practice for managed lane enforcement at various locations around the country gives insight of items to consider when developing an effective enforcement program. Lastly, this report acknowledges managed lane enforcement is becoming ever more dependent on technological advancements in presenting innovations in the area of automated enforcement technology, specifically, automated vehicle identification (AVI), license plate recognition (LPR), and electronic toll collection (ETC).

2025

This project is a researched about Parking Characteristics of Multi-level Parking Facilities in Berjaya Megamall, Kuantan. In case study, a method of study has been done, which is key-in the data collected from the authorities into the microsoft excel to get the duration in and out of each vehicle. The data collection have been key-in from starting operation of the day till Berjaya Megamall closed. So, from the data collected, the results and analysis were obtained which are, duration of parking, accumulation, parking turn-over (PTO), index parking (PI), and average of parking duration. Besides that, data were collected on weekends and weekdays during salary week and salary week. As the result, the highest parking demand is 06/02/2016 (Saturday) and followed by 27/02/2016 (Saturday) with values of 186 vehicles per hour and 157 vehicles per hour respectively. Next, from data analysis, the maximum parking accumulation is on 06/02/2016 (Saturday) and followed by 27/02/2016 (Saturday) w...