Turn-taking and Topic Management Strategies Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Theory of Motivation for Managerial Performance (TMMP), v-1

ABSTRACT: Motivation is a widely studied concept throughout history, as it has its origins in the Latin word "motivare" which means to ignite a person's internal motor. Certainly, 2,000 years ago, the term "motor" didn't exist, as it... more

2023, ACC Journal

The language of the Internet Relay Chat (further IRC), which means instant synchronous conversation on the Internet, attracts attention of linguists thanks to its worldwide usage and massive development. The article briefly evaluates and discusses the language of this media from the point of view of turn-taking strategies. A major concern is how chat participants use the language that is determined by specific conditions of an Internet chatroom. These conditions are anonymity, exclusively text-based interaction and the absence of audiovisual cues. A model of turn-taking in a spoken conversation is used and applied to the Internet chatting. Various strategies are investigated and compared, qualitative and quantitative analyses are carried out to determine the relationship between individual turn-taking strategies. In conclusion, the findings with respect to the distinctive character of the medium are summarized.

2022, ACC Journal

2022, The Language Teacher

In TLT Volume 42(3), Davey Young presents contrasting models of turn-taking in Japanese and English and argues that this cross-cultural difference is primarily due to linguistic differences across English and Japanese. While rightly noting that proficiency in turn-taking is crucial for overall interactional competence and should be a focus of pedagogical intervention, Young’s rationale for the difference in his models neglects the important factor of pragmatics, particularly the notion of politeness. In this response to Young’s original article, Japanese-English differences in turn-taking behaviours are considered from a pragmatic viewpoint and analysed as part of a larger discursive leadership (Fairhurst, 2007) framework. The implications for teaching turn-taking are also discussed. TLT42巻3号においてDavey Youngは日本語と英語の話者交替の対照モデルを提示し、この異文化間の相違は、主に英語と日本語の言語的相違によるものであると述べている。Youngが指摘している通り、確かに話者交替の能力は相互行為能力全体の中で極めて重要であり、教育的介入の中心的課題の１つとなるべきである。しかしながら、Youngのモデルにおける日本語と英語の話者交替の相違に関する理論は、語用論にお...

2022, Studies in Greek Linguistics 35

This paper discusses the effect that the multifacetedness of miscommunication brings on Greek native/non-native interaction, drawing on authentic conversational data culled from semi- or un-structured interviews with the native researcher herself. The analysis combines two strands of the ethnomethodological study of talk-in-interaction (Garfinkel 1967), i.e. Conversation Analysis (Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson 1974) and Membership Categorisation Analysis (Sacks 1992a; 1992b), to pre-empt an early and arbitrary introduction of macro-level concepts that commonly serve as external factors affecting language use in sociocultural approaches to second language. The account aims to illustrate the consequentiality of problematic aspects of the non-native participants’ contributions, such as the contextualisation of disagreement and topic management (Nerantzi 2011), through a sequence of actions that not only fail to make apparent and resolve the problematicness of the situation but also impede a collaborative progression of the interaction and the negotiation of ‘preference’ (Sacks 1987, 57ff.), which can be particularly consequential for the nature of the interrelationships that the co-conversationalists are seen to enact.

2022, The Interpreter's Newsletter

Dialogue interpreting is a highly complex interactional process that requires close coordination of linguistic content and embodied semiotic resources between the participants. Such coordination greatly depends on how participants relate to the “ecology of action” (Mondada 2016), i.e. their immediate environment. In remote interpreting (RI), the reduced visual access or lack hereof makes that not all participants share the same visual ecology. This compromises the efficiency of using embodied resources such as gaze and gesture in turn-taking. As a result, common interactional issues, such as overlapping speech, can disrupt the communication and may even lead to communication breakdown (De Boe 2020). Yet, the ways in which turn-taking is managed multimodally in RI remains underexplored. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of overlapping speech on the progressivity of the communication in face-to-face interpreting, telephone interpreting and video interpreting in three simul...

2022, International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences

Agricultural extension has long been seen as a key element for enabling farmers to obtain information and technologies that can improve their livelihoods (Purcell and Anderson, 1997) and is recognised as an important factor in promoting agricultural development (Birkhaeuser et al., 1991; Anderson and Feder, 2007).Yet negative experiences with extension in the past have sparked considerable debate worldwide about the best way to provide and finance agricultural extension. However, according to Anderson and Feder, (2004) it is generally accepted that only a well-performing extension service can make significant contributions to improved agricultural growth and the welfare of poor people. It is in this regard that Nambiro, et al., (2006) and Rees, et al., (2000) posits that it was as a result of ineptness in the public extension system, a third type of extension service; private agricultural extension system has emerged comprising of private companies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and faith-based organizations. Community based organizations serve as the apex organizations by which communities can embark on agricultural development projects, small scale industries, vocational and trade, skills, rural transportation and other rural economic activities (

2022, GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies

This paper investigates interruptions among upper middle-class Iranian men and the way they strategize and manipulate turns in face-to-face interaction. The recordings of informal conversations of these well acquainted men were transcribed and Beattie's Interruption Model (1981) was adapted and applied as the framework of analysis. This study employed qualitative research design whereby natural-occurring conversation of participants from 15 participants from five groups, with each group comprising three participants, was recorded in the living room of one of the participants. The recorded conversations were transcribed according to an adapted version of Jefferson's (1979) transcription convention and were qualitatively analysed. The transcribed data were analysed using Beattie's interruption model (1981) and conversation analysis (CA) to examine the utterances and occurrences of interruptions based on turns being successful and complete at the time of interruptions. The findings of this study suggest that Iranian males interrupt each other cooperatively in order to show their support and solidarity. Although interruptions provide an opportunity for the interlocutors to dominate the interaction, there were no instances of dominance or any traces of intrusive behavior. In fact, the strategic use of interruptions denotes a collective effort to create in-group power that emphasizes solidarity amongst men in this study. This paper yields findings that go against stereotypical characteristics of men who exert power in their interactions. Such findings can be the result of the moderated patriarchal norms in Iranian society, which may have implications for studies on men's interactional attitudes.

2022, International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences

2021

The study sought to assess the factors influencing implementation of projects in community based organizations in Kenya with a case study of Child Regional Education Support Services. To achieve this objective, the study was guided by the following specific research objectives: to assess how funding affects implementation of projects in community based organizations in Kenya, to establish the effect of training on implementation of projects in community based organizations in Kenya, to assess the effects of organization structure on implementation of projects in community based organizations in Kenya and to establish the effects of stakeholder relationships on the implementation of projects in community based organizations in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design as it sought to gather information, summarize, present and interpret it for the purpose of clarification. The target population of the study included all the employees at the CBO. Stratified sampling techni...

2019, English Language Teaching

The main approach to conversation analysis is multimodal analysis, which can be explained by the distinction between the non-verbal and verbal expression in the communicative functions (Haddington & Kääntä, 2011; Streeck et al., 2011). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was a significant difference between non-verbal or verbal signals in conveying information in conversation. The participants of this study were 37 male Iranian B.S. Paramedic students at medical university for the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army. Two video talk show interviews were shown in order to determine the descriptive features for exchanging information. ELAN video annotation instrument was utilized for analyzing the interviews of this study. To find out which of verbal or non-verbal resources was effective in conveying information, a questionnaire was also developed by the researchers consisting of 19 items on the verbal and non-verbal signals. The results of ELAN analysis for both interviews showed that the descriptive visual cues such as hand movement, gaze, eyebrow motions, and torso were more frequent than the other non-verbal resources. Additionally, the analysis of the questionnaire data showed that there was a significant difference between the visual and verbal elements in the transmission of information from the students' viewpoints. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the non-verbal descriptive resources in conveying information. The findings of this study revealed that non-verbal cues were more effective in the transmission of information than the verbal cues. In addition, hand movements and laughing were found to be more effective than the other visual signals in conveying information.

2018, The Language Teacher

2018, Daito Bunka Daigaku Kiyou

Business meetings are superficially alike all over the world. Yet under the surface they show fundamental discursive differences that align with the specific cultures in which they occur (Aritz and Walker, 2014). A lack of awareness of these differences within the context of an intercultural meeting can potentially impact group rapport and meeting effectiveness. This paper compares the discursive behaviour of groups of Japanese English speakers and groups of native English speakers participating in decision-making meetings and concludes that there are notable and discordant differences across the two groups in terms how discourse is framed, how speaking turns are achieved and how conflict is resolved.

2016

The purpose of Community Based Organizations is to plan, implement, and monitor social and economic development programs and provide technical and financial help to the communities. CBOs positively affects the process of rural change i.e.... more

2016

Efforts have been put in place by the Kenyan government, other organizations and individuals to address the challenges that face the group of Kenyan population living in poverty. However community poverty problems have been worsening in spite of the increased number of CBOs groups dealing with matters that affect the community. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors influencing the performance of CBOs poverty alleviation projects in Kenya. The study established that there were financing in performance of poverty alleviation projects among community based organizations which among them were legal constraints in terms of finances, lack of sufficient funds, technological challenge in terms of required funds and lack of support from community members. The study also established that there was influence of technological change on performance of CBOs poverty alleviation projects. The study recommends that; To enhance sustainability of poverty alleviation projects done by CBOs enough resources should be set aside to enhance on evaluation of projects in order to forecaster economic competition of projects done by the CBOs in Kisii County. CBOs should involve people's participation in governance of poverty alleviation projects done by the CBOs in order to overcome the financing of corruption practices and lack of mechanisms to be used to evaluate CBOs projects. The personnel of community based organizations in Kisii County should be well trained on resource management in order for them to enhance effective resource allocation to be used in different poverty alleviation projects among residents of the county.

2015

In this paper we discuss a cross-cultural analysis of non-verbal expressions (gestures, facial expressions, body posture) that have a turn managing function in the flow of interaction. The study was carried out by analyzing and comparing the features of interest in two samples of institutional interaction, namely face-to-face political interviews, in Greek and Icelandic respectively. The non-verbal behavior of the participants in both interviews was annotated following the same annotation process. The attested turn management instances were compared in order to find similarities and differences in terms of frequency and modality preference.

2015

2014, In: The Pragmatics of Humour across Discourse Domains. Edited by Marta Dynel.

The article extends the application of the mechanisms of conversational humour from everyday conversations to written mass media texts. It argues that such an approach is made possible by the dialogic structure of some texts, despite the lack of spontaneity and authenticity that is found in casual conversations and that appears implicit in many definitions of conversational humour. Identifying instances of quasi-conversational verbal exchange in the novel journalistic genre of live text commentary, the article points out that humour in such written texts is achieved cooperatively between different voices present in the text, i.e. the journalist’s voice and the authentic voices of selected readers whose emails are cited in the text of the commentary. A close analysis reveals that within the commentary, quasi-conversational segments constitute a special narrative layer that is characterised by its orientation to gossip and which includes frequent elements of humour. After defining the concept of a quasi-conversation and distinguishing between two sets of mechanisms of conversational humour, the article focuses on the interactive mechanisms (retorts, teasing, and banter) that occur in second turns in conversations, i.e. as reactions to previous speakers’ turns.

2014

This study exploits multimodal conversation analysis towards TV One's political interview between the interviewer, Ventin Oktavi, and Deputy Governor of Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, which is talking about the revocation of government subsidy on gasoline (BBM). This study determines particular issues on how does the interviewer differentiate and manage her conversational features in terms of aggression and insistence in order to pursue the theme, how the interviewer puts her words in the interviewee's mouth, how often they interrupt the interviewer and how often they themselves are interrupted. Aside from the analysis of their respective communicative functions in terms of feedback and turn management, this study will examine the type of facial, hand and body gestures as well. Data were taken from TV One's interview video on YouTube and then transcribed into textual evidence. Video annotation process and interview corpus are also conducted by using annotation software, ELAN. The analysis of data is based on the brief guide of Conversation Analysis (CA) that was conducted by Forrester . Analysis and interpretation of data determine the effect of the conversational interview setting on the interaction behavior of the participants. In conclusion, this study adds comments and exploitation of the resulting resource.

2013

For the applied linguist seeking to establish the roles of teachers and students in a particular classroom context, the independent insights into the same data of two rival perspectives can be an advantage. However, leading exponents of both Conversational Analysis and Structural Discourse Analysis have often been dismissive of each others` approaches. This paper provides a detailed analysis to indicate how the two approaches may be used to complement each other.

2011, … , Adaptive, and Context- …